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BackgroundThe prevalence of depression is high and has been stable despite increased treatment, research, and dissemination. People encounter barriers to seeking traditional mental health services, which could be mitigated by using web-based prevention methods. ObjectiveThis study aims to understand what people at high risk for depression perceive as effective aspects of web-based mental health programs and what motivates people at high risk for depression to use web-based mental health programs. MethodsWe conducted an inductive content analysis using telephone interview data from 77 participants at high risk for depression who were recruited from 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Participants from the first RCT were working men who had been randomly assigned to 1 of the following 3 groups: control group, who had access to general depression information from a website called BroMatters; intervention group 1, who had access to the BroMatters website along with the associated BroHealth web-based mental health program; and intervention group 2, who had access to the BroMatters website, the BroHealth web-based mental health program, and telephone sessions with a life coach. Participants from the second RCT were men and women who had been assigned to the intervention group, who received access to the HardHat web-based mental health program, or the control group, who only received access to the HardHat web-based mental health program following completion of the RCT. Participants for this inductive content analysis study were recruited from the intervention groups in both RCTs. Two groups of participants (n=41 and n=20) were recruited from the BroHealth RCT, and a third group comprised 16 participants that were recruited from the HardHat RCT. ResultsWe generated four categories regarding the perceived effectiveness of web-based programs and five categories related to what motivates the use of web-based programs. Participants identified awareness, program medium and functionality, program content, and coaches as categories related to the effectiveness of the programs. Categories of motivators to use web-based programs included providing reminders or incentives, promotion of the programs, providing appropriate medium and functionality, appropriate content, and perceived need. The final category related to motivators reflects perceptions of participants who were either unsure about what motivates them or believed that there is no way to motivate use. ConclusionsConflicting evidence was obtained regarding the perceived effectiveness of aspects of the content and functionality of web-based programs. In general, web-based mental health programs were perceived to help increase mental health awareness, especially when it includes live access to a coach. However, the results also revealed that it is difficult to motivate people to begin using web-based mental health programs. Strategies that may motivate the use of such programs include perceived personal need, effective promotion, providing incentives and reminders, and improving functionality.

This study investigates the nexus between teacher exposure to student aggression, their level of emotional exhaustion, and the role of belongingness and perceived school safety as mediators. Random-Intercept Cross-Lag Panel Models were conducted among a sample of 2,072 secondary teachers (57.14% female) from grades 7 to 11 in 77 schools. Chronic levels of exposure to globally high levels of student aggression and specific high levels of direct victimization were associated with increased levels of emotional exhaustion. These associations were fully mediated by teacher perceptions of school belongingness and safety. Temporary fluctuations in witnessing student-to-student aggression led to increased emotional exhaustion via decreased perceptions of safety. Specific levels of witnessing student-to-teacher aggression were not linked with exhaustion over time beyond global levels of exposure to student aggression. The chronicity of exposure to different forms of student aggression is a risk factor for emotional exhaustion among teachers.

In uncertain environments in which resources fluctuate continuously, animals must permanently decide whether to stabilise learning and exploit what they currently believe to be their best option, or instead explore potential alternatives and learn fast from new observations. While such a trade‐off has been extensively studied in pretrained animals facing non‐stationary decision‐making tasks, it is yet unknown how they progressively tune it while learning the task structure during pretraining. Here, we compared the ability of different computational models to account for long‐term changes in the behaviour of 24 rats while they learned to choose a rewarded lever in a three‐armed bandit task across 24 days of pretraining. We found that the day‐by‐day evolution of rat performance and win‐shift tendency revealed a progressive stabilisation of the way they regulated reinforcement learning parameters. We successfully captured these behavioural adaptations using a meta‐learning model in which either the learning rate or the inverse temperature was controlled by the average reward rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Managers play a crucial role in organizations. They make decisions that directly influence organizational success and significantly impact employees' mental health, development and performance. They are responsible for ensuring the financial well-being and long-term sustainability of organizations. However, their mental health is often overlooked, which can negatively affect employees and organizations. This study aims to address managers' mental health at work, by examining specifically the direct and indirect effects of identity verification on their psychological distress and depression through self-esteem at work. The study also aims to examine the moderating as well as moderated mediation effects of identity salience. Design/methodology/approach: A sample of 314 Canadian managers working in 56 different companies was studied, using multilevel analyses. Findings: The findings showed that the verification of managers' identity vis-à-vis recognition is positively associated with psychological distress and depression. Self-esteem completely mediates the association between low identity verification vis-à-vis work control and psychological distress, and also the association between low identity verification vis-à-vis work control and superior support and depression, while it partially mediates the association between low identity verification vis-à-vis recognition and depression. Practical implications: This study can also help both managers and human resource management practitioners in understanding the role of workplaces in the identity verification process and developing relevant interventions to prevent mental health issues among managers at work. Originality/value: This study proposed a relatively unexplored approach to the study of managers' mental health at work. Its integration of identity theory contributes to expanding research on management and workplace mental health issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: This article examined the contribution of gender, age, occupation and economic sector on psychological distress, depression and burnout. METHODS: The data came from the SALVEO study carried out in 20092012 among 2,162 workers employed in 63 Canadian workplaces. Multilevel logistic regression models were estimated on the total sample and separately for men and women. RESULTS: The prevalences of psychological distress, depression and burnout were 23.8%, 5.8% and 3.9% respectively. Mental health problems varied between workplaces, but variations between workplaces were stronger for burnout. Differences between men and women were significant only for psychological distress, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Unskilled workers were found more at risk for depression and burnout. Associations among age, occupation and economic sector were not the same between genders. CONCLUSION: Results from the SALVEO study highlight important mental health problems in workers that vary between workplaces, and that differences in symptomatology are associated with gender, age, occupation and economic sector. Gender reveals differentiated profiles of relationships. These results point towards the development of targeted approaches to the prevention of and intervention on mental health problems in workplaces. KEY WORDS: Prevalence; mental health; gender; multilevel analyses; occupations; economic sector OBJECTIFS: Cet article examine la contribution du genre, de l'age, de la categorie professionnelle et du secteur economique sur la detresse psychologique, la depression et l'epuisement professionnel. METHODE: Les donnees proviennent de l'etude SALVEO menee en 2009-2012 aupres de 63 etablissements et 2 162 travailleurs canadiens. Des modeles multiniveaux de regression logistique ont ete estimes sur l'echantillon total et pour les hommes et les femmes separement. RESULTATS: La prevalence de la detresse psychologique atteint 23,8%, la depression 5,8% et l'epuisement professionnel 3,9%. Les problemes de sante mentale varient entre les etablissements, mais cette variation est plus forte pour l'epuisement professionnel. Les differences hommes-femmes sont significatives seulement pour la detresse psychologique, la depression et l'epuisement emotionnel. La categorie personnels et ouvriers non-qualifies s'avere plus particulierement a risque pour la depression et l'epuisement professionnel. Les associations entre l'age, la categorie professionnelle et le secteur economique ne sont pas les memes selon le genre. CONCLUSION: Les resultats de l'etude SALVEO mettent en evidence des problemes importants de sante mentale qui varient entre les etablissements, et des differences dans la symptomatologie selon le genre, l'age, la categorie professionnelle et le secteur economique, ainsi que des profils de relations differencies selon le genre. Ces resultats pointent vers le developpement d'approches plus ciblees pour la prevention et l'intervention en entreprise. MOTS CLES: prevalence; sante mentale; genre; analyses multiniveaux; professions; secteurs economiques Can J Public Health 2015;106(4):e223-e229 doi: 10.17269/CJPH.106.4672, Les problemes de sante mentale dans la main-d'aeuvre se manifestant notamment par des symptomes de detresse psychologique, de depression et d'epuisement professionnel atteignent des proportions importantes. Au Canada, 46,4% des [...]