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A new multivalent vaccine (DIVENCE®), containing live gE/tk double-gene-deleted BoHV-1, live-attenuated BRSV, inactivated PI3, and BVDV-1, and BVDV-2 recombinant proteins, has been designed to protect cattle against the main viral pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). The aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of DIVENCE® against BRD in field conditions. A total of 360 animals from three different farms were included in this study. Calves were randomly distributed to the vaccinated (n = 183; DIVENCE®) or control (n = 177; phosphate-buffered saline solution) group. All animals received two intramuscular doses (2 mL/dose) three weeks apart of the corresponding product. The entire fattening period (approximately 9 months) was monitored to assess the incidence, severity, and morbidity of BRD as well as administered treatments and growth performance. During this study, a BRSV outbreak was reported in one farm, where vaccinated animals had significantly (p < 0.02) lower morbidity (20.4%) and severity (score of 1.70) compared to the control group (53.70% and score of 2.11). Overall, vaccinated animals had a significantly lower number of cases (p < 0.001; 0.36 vs. 0.64 cases/calf), lower morbidity (p < 0.004; 26.78% vs. 41.24%), and lower antimicrobial treatments (p = 0.01; 33.3% vs. 57.4%) than control animals. Vaccinated animals presented significantly (p = 0.01) higher carcass weight than controls (6.58 kg). Vaccination with DIVENCE® at the beginning of the fattening period decreased the incidence and morbidity of BRD following a BRSV outbreak. Additionally, the overall incidence and morbidity of BRD throughout the entire fattening period were reduced across farms. Thus, DIVENCE® can improve economic outcomes in fattening units by reducing antibiotic treatments and enhancing performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reaction of Zn(AcO)2 · 2H2O with 6-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (L) yielded a new compound [Zn(MeC5H3NCOO)2(H2O)] · H2O. This complex was characterised by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, infrared, 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopies and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure consists of discrete molecules involving a pentacoordinated Zn atom with a geometry intermediate between a trigonal bipyramid and a square pyramid and with the two Npy atoms occupying the apical sites. Treatment of the complex [Zn(MeC5H3NCOO)2(H2O)] · H2O with 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) produced [Zn(MeC5H3NCOO)2(bpy)]. The metallic atom in this complex displays a distorted octahedral geometry and is coordinated to two ligands (L) via the pyridine nitrogen and the carbonyl oxygen atoms and to one 2,2′-bypyridine (bpy). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Examines the reactivity of 2-pyridecarboxylic esters with cadmium(II) halides. Solid state spectra and crystal structures of hexacoordinated complexes of cadmium; Orientation of the principal axes of [sup 113]Cd shielding tensor.

The reaction of Co(AcO)2 with 6-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid, and that of CoCl2 with the isopropyl ester of 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid, both with a 1:2 metal to ligand molar ratio, afford optimum yields for the synthesis of cis-[Co(MeC5H3NCOO)2(H2O)2] and cis-[CoCl2(C5H4NCOOPri)2], respectively. According to X-ray crystallography they both consist of mononuclear discrete molecules with octahedral coordination around Co(II). The ESR powder spectra of the related Zn phases doped with 0.25% Co(II) show the strong anisotropy of the g and A tensors. The magnetic behaviour of the solid complexes is characteristic of Co(II) systems with important spin–orbit coupling and weak antiferromagnetic interactions. Electronic UV–Vis and magnetic data indicate that these complexes, as well as the already known trans-[Co(C5H4NCOO)2(H2O)2], have a high-spin octahedral geometry in solution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: To demonstrate the efficacy of DIVENCE ® , a vaccine against BVDV types 1 and 2 (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2) transplacental infection, following a booster regimen in heifers., Materials and Methods: Calves of two-to-three months of age were given two intramuscular doses three weeks apart and a booster vaccine six months later. Efficacy was evaluated by means of a challenge with virulent BVDV-1 or BVDV-2 administered via the intranasal route at 85 days of gestation. Clinical signs, serology, viral shedding, WBC count and viremia were monitored after the challenge. Sixty-six days post-challenge, the fetuses were assessed for BVDV to detect transplacental infection., Results: Vaccinated animals showed a significant ( p < 0.05) reduction in hyperthermia after both challenges. The WBC counts in vaccinated animals were significantly ( p < 0.05) higher than in control animals on Days 5 and 6 after both challenges. Vaccinated animals exhibited no shedding after BVDV-1 challenge and the percentage of shedding animals was significantly ( p < 0.05) higher among control animals compared to vaccinated animals after BVDV-2 challenge. Viremia were detected in pregnant heifers from all control animals, while only 3/14 and 3/17 pregnant vaccinated heifers showed viremia after BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 challenges, respectively. All the fetuses (n=8) from the control animals were positive for BVDV-1 via virus titration after BVDV-1 challenge. Only one out of fourteen fetuses from the vaccinated animals was positive for BVDV-1. After BVDV-2 challenge, all the control animals had BVDV-2 in all fetal tissues assessed and only one of the seventeen vaccinated animals had BVDV-2 in its fetal samples., Conclusion: DIVENCE ® administered prior to breeding protected 94% of the fetuses against BVDV transplacental infection overall across both challenge trials (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2). A reduction in the hyperthermia, leukopenia, viral shedding, and viremia in vaccinated animals post-challenge with BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 was achieved. The efficacy of DIVENCE ® against BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 transplacental infection has been demonstrated in this study., Competing Interests: Dr Marta Gibert and Dr Antoni Prenafeta report a patent EP not public. The subject-matter of the work has been recently protected by an European patent application which is not public yet. The application is within the legal 18-months period of non-disclosure. Thus, the number of the corresponding EP application is not provided in order to preserve our IP rights. The authors are employees of HIPRA and HIPRA Scientific. This paper has been uploaded to BioRxiv as a preprint: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.12.589196v1, (© 2024 Taberner et al.)