237 results on '"Marcer, G."'
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2. Measurement of the Gamma-Ray-to-Neutron Branching Ratio for the Deuterium-Tritium Reaction in Magnetic Confinement Fusion Plasmas
- Author
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Dal Molin, A, Marcer, G, Nocente, M, Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, Angelone, M, Bracco, A, Camera, F, Cazzaniga, C, Craciunescu, T, Croci, G, Dalla Rosa, M, Giacomelli, L, Gorini, G, Kazakov, Y, Khilkevitch, E, Muraro, A, Panontin, E, Perelli Cippo, E, Pillon, M, Putignano, O, Scionti, J, Shevelev, A, Žohar, A, Tardocchi, M, Dal Molin A., Marcer G., Nocente M., Rebai M., Rigamonti D., Angelone M., Bracco A., Camera F., Cazzaniga C., Craciunescu T., Croci G., Dalla Rosa M., Giacomelli L., Gorini G., Kazakov Y., Khilkevitch E. M., Muraro A., Panontin E., Perelli Cippo E., Pillon M., Putignano O., Scionti J., Shevelev A. E., Žohar A., Tardocchi M., Dal Molin, A, Marcer, G, Nocente, M, Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, Angelone, M, Bracco, A, Camera, F, Cazzaniga, C, Craciunescu, T, Croci, G, Dalla Rosa, M, Giacomelli, L, Gorini, G, Kazakov, Y, Khilkevitch, E, Muraro, A, Panontin, E, Perelli Cippo, E, Pillon, M, Putignano, O, Scionti, J, Shevelev, A, Žohar, A, Tardocchi, M, Dal Molin A., Marcer G., Nocente M., Rebai M., Rigamonti D., Angelone M., Bracco A., Camera F., Cazzaniga C., Craciunescu T., Croci G., Dalla Rosa M., Giacomelli L., Gorini G., Kazakov Y., Khilkevitch E. M., Muraro A., Panontin E., Perelli Cippo E., Pillon M., Putignano O., Scionti J., Shevelev A. E., Žohar A., and Tardocchi M.
- Published
- 2024
3. Overview of the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation programme in support of ITER and DEMO
- Author
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Joffrin, E, Wischmeier, M, Baruzzo, M, Hakola, A, Kappatou, A, Keeling, D, Labit, B, Tsitrone, E, Vianello, N, Abate, D, Adamek, J, Agostini, M, Albert, C, Devasagayam, F, Aleiferis, S, Alessi, E, Alhage, J, Allan, S, Allcock, J, Alonzo, M, Anastasiou, G, Sunden, E, Angioni, C, Anquetin, Y, Appel, L, Apruzzese, G, Ariola, M, Arnas, C, Artaud, J, Arter, W, Asztalos, O, Aucone, L, Aumeunier, M, Auriemma, F, Ayllon, J, Aymerich, E, Baciero, A, Bagnato, F, Bahner, L, Bairaktaris, F, Balazs, P, Balbinot, L, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balestri, A, Ruiz, M, Barberis, T, Barcellona, C, Bardsley, O, Benkadda, S, Bensadon, T, Bernard, E, Bernert, M, Betar, H, Morales, R, Bielecki, J, Bilato, R, Bilkova, P, Bin, W, Birkenmeier, G, Bisson, R, Blanchard, P, Bleasdale, A, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Bock, A, Bogar, K, Bohm, P, Bolzonella, T, Bombarda, F, Bonanomi, N, Boncagni, L, Bonfiglio, D, Bonifetto, R, Bonotto, M, Borodin, D, Borodkina, I, Bosman, T, Bourdelle, C, Bowman, C, Brezinsek, S, Brida, D, Brochard, F, Brunet, R, Brunetti, D, Bruno, V, Buchholz, R, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Buratti, P, Burckhart, A, Cai, J, Calado, R, Caloud, J, Cancelli, S, Cani, F, Cannas, B, Cappelli, M, Carcangiu, S, Cardinali, A, Carli, S, Carnevale, D, Carole, M, Carpita, M, Carralero, D, Caruggi, F, Carvalho, I, Casiraghi, I, Casolari, A, Casson, F, Castaldo, C, Cathey, A, Causa, F, Cavalier, J, Cavedon, M, Cazabonne, J, Cecconello, M, Ceelen, L, Celora, A, Cerovsky, J, Challis, C, Chandra, R, Chankin, A, Chapman, B, Chen, H, Chernyshova, M, Chiariello, A, Chmielewski, P, Chomiczewska, A, Cianfarani, C, Ciraolo, G, Citrin, J, Clairet, F, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Coffey, I, Colandrea, C, Colas, L, Conroy, S, Contre, C, Conway, N, Cordaro, L, Corre, Y, Costa, D, Costea, S, Coster, D, Courtois, X, Cowley, C, Craciunescu, T, Croci, G, Croitoru, A, Crombe, K, Cruz Zabala, D, Cseh, G, Czarski, T, Da Ros, A, Dal Molin, A, Dalla Rosa, M, Damizia, Y, D'Arcangelo, O, David, P, De Angeli, M, De la Cal, E, De La Luna, E, De Tommasi, G, Decker, J, Dejarnac, R, Del Sarto, D, Derks, G, Desgranges, C, Devynck, P, Di Genova, S, di Grazia, L, Di Siena, A, Dicorato, M, Diez, M, Dimitrova, M, Dittmar, T, Dittrich, L, Palacios Duran, J, Donnel, P, Douai, D, Dowson, S, Doyle, S, Dreval, M, Drews, P, Dubus, L, Dumont, R, Dunai, D, Dunne, M, Durif, A, Durodie, F, Durr Legoupil Nicoud, G, Duval, B, Dux, R, Eich, T, Ekedahl, A, Elmore, S, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, J, Eriksson, B, Eriksson, F, Ertmer, S, Escarguel, A, Esposito, B, Estrada, T, Fable, E, Faitsch, M, Fakhrayi Mofrad, N, Fanni, A, Farley, T, Farnik, M, Fedorczak, N, Felici, F, Feng, X, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, D, Ferron, N, Fevrier, O, Ficker, O, Field, A, Figueiredo, A, Fil, N, Fiorucci, D, Firdaouss, M, Fischer, R, Fitzgerald, M, Flebbe, M, Fontana, M, Climent, J, Frank, A, Fransson, E, Frassinetti, L, Frigione, D, Futatani, S, Futtersack, R, Gabriellini, S, Gadariya, D, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Galdon, J, Galeani, S, Gallart, D, Gallo, A, Galperti, C, Gambrioli, M, Garavaglia, S, Garcia, J, Munoz, M, Gardarein, J, Garzotti, L, Gaspar, J, Gatto, R, Gaudio, P, Gelfusa, M, Gerardin, J, Gerasimov, S, Miguelanez, R, Gervasini, G, Ghani, Z, Ghezzi, F, Ghillardi, G, Giannone, L, Gibson, S, Gil, L, Gillgren, A, Giovannozzi, E, Giroud, C, Giruzzi, G, Gleiter, T, Gobbin, M, Goloborodko, V, Ganzabal, A, Goodman, T, Gopakumar, V, Gorini, G, Gorler, T, Gorno, S, Granucci, G, Greenhouse, D, Grenfell, G, Griener, M, Gromelski, W, Groth, M, Grover, O, Gruca, M, Gude, A, Guillemaut, C, Guirlet, R, Gunn, J, Gyergyek, T, Hagg, L, Hall, J, Ham, C, Hamed, M, Happel, T, Harrer, G, Harrison, J, Harting, D, Hawkes, N, Heinrich, P, Henderson, S, Hennequin, P, Henriques, R, Heuraux, S, Salaverri, J, Hillairet, J, Hillesheim, J, Hjalmarsson, A, Ho, A, Hobirk, J, Hodille, E, Holzl, M, Hoppe, M, Horacek, J, Horsten, N, Horvath, L, Houry, M, Hromasova, K, Huang, J, Huang, Z, Huber, A, Huett, E, Huynh, P, Iantchenko, A, Imrisek, M, Innocente, P, Schrittwieser, C, Isliker, H, Ivanova, P, Stanik, I, Jablczynska, M, Jachmich, S, Jacobsen, A, Jacquet, P, van Vuuren, A, Jardin, A, Jarleblad, H, Jarvinen, A, Jaulmes, F, Jensen, T, Jepu, I, Jessica, S, Johnson, T, Juven, A, Kalis, J, Karhunen, J, Karimov, R, Karpushov, A, Kasilov, S, Kazakov, Y, Kazantzidis, P, Kernbichler, W, Kim, H, King, D, Kiptily, V, Kirjasuo, A, Kirov, K, Kirschner, A, Kit, A, Kiviniemi, T, Kjaer, F, Klinkby, E, Knieps, A, Knoche, U, Kochan, M, Kochl, F, Kocsis, G, Koenders, J, Kogan, L, Kolesnichenko, Y, Kominis, Y, Komm, M, Kong, M, Kool, B, Korsholm, S, Kos, D, Koubiti, M, Kovacic, J, Kovtun, Y, Strzeciwilk, E, Koziol, K, Kozulia, M, Flecken, A, Kreter, A, Krieger, K, Kruezi, U, Krutkin, O, Kudlacek, O, Kumar, U, Kumpulainen, H, Kushoro, M, Kwiatkowski, R, La Matina, M, Lacquaniti, M, Laguardia, L, Lainer, P, Lang, P, Larsen, M, Laszynska, E, Lawson, K, Lazaros, A, Lazzaro, E, Lee, M, Leerink, S, Lehnen, M, Lennholm, M, Lerche, E, Liang, Y, Lier, A, Likonen, J, Linder, O, Lipschultz, B, Listopad, A, Litaudon, X, Smith, E, Liuzza, D, Loarer, T, Lomas, P, Lombardo, J, Lonigro, N, Lorenzini, R, Lowry, C, di Cortemiglia, T, Ludvig Osipov, A, Lunt, T, Lutsenko, V, Macusova, E, Maenpaa, R, Maget, P, Maggi, C, Mailloux, J, Makarov, S, Malinowski, K, Manas, P, Mancini, A, Mancini, D, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manyer, J, Maraschek, M, Marceca, G, Marcer, G, Marchetto, C, Marchioni, S, Mariani, A, Marin, M, Markl, M, Markovic, T, Marocco, D, Marsden, S, Martellucci, L, Martin, P, Martin, C, Martinelli, F, Martinelli, L, Solis, J, Martone, R, Maslov, M, Masocco, R, Mattei, M, Matthews, G, Matveev, D, Matveeva, E, Mayoral, M, Mazon, D, Mazzi, S, Mazzotta, C, Mcardle, G, Mcdermott, R, Mckay, K, Meigs, A, Meineri, C, Mele, A, Menkovski, V, Menmuir, S, Merle, A, Meyer, H, Michalik, K, Milanesio, D, Militello, F, Milocco, A, Miron, I, Mitchell, J, Mitteau, R, Mitterauer, V, Mlynar, J, Moiseenko, V, Molna, P, Mombelli, F, Monti, C, Montisci, A, Morales, J, Moreau, P, Moret, J, Moro, A, Moulton, D, Mulholland, P, Muraglia, M, Murari, A, Muraro, A, Muscente, P, Mykytchuk, D, Nabais, F, Nakeva, Y, Napoli, F, Nardon, E, Nave, M, Nem, R, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, S, Nocente, M, Nouailletas, R, Nowak, S, Nystrom, H, Ochoukov, R, Offeddu, N, Olasz, S, Olde, C, Oliva, F, Oliveira, D, Oliver, H, Ollus, P, Ongena, J, Orsitto, F, Osborne, N, Otin, R, Dominguez, P, Palade, D, Palomba, S, Pan, O, Panadero, N, Panontin, E, Papadopoulos, A, Papagiannis, P, Papp, G, Parail, V, Pardanaud, C, Parisi, J, Parrott, A, Paschalidis, K, Passoni, M, Pastore, F, Patel, A, Patel, B, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Pavlichenko, R, Pawelec, E, Pegourie, B, Pelka, G, Peluso, E, Perek, A, Cippo, E, Von Thun, C, Petersson, P, Petravich, G, Peysson, Y, Piergotti, V, Pigatto, L, Piron, C, Piron, L, Pironti, A, Pisano, F, Plank, U, Ploeckl, B, Plyusnin, V, Podolnik, A, Poels, Y, Pokol, G, Poley, J, Por, G, Poradzinski, M, Porcelli, F, Porte, L, Possieri, C, Poulsen, A, Predebon, I, Pucella, G, Pueschel, M, Puglia, P, Putignano, O, Putterich, T, Quadri, V, Quercia, A, Rabinski, M, Radovanovic, L, Ragona, R, Raj, H, Rasinski, M, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Rayaprolu, R, Rebai, M, Redl, A, Rees, D, Refy, D, Reich, M, Reimerdes, H, Reman, B, Renders, O, Reux, C, Ricci, D, Richou, M, Rienacker, S, Rigamonti, D, Rigollet, F, Rimini, F, Ripamonti, D, Rispoli, N, Rivals, N, Rodriguez, J, Roach, C, Rocchi, G, Rode, S, Rodrigues, P, Romazanov, J, Madrid, C, Rosato, J, Rossi, R, Rubino, G, Rueda, J, Ruiz, J, Ryan, P, Ryan, D, Saarelma, S, Sabot, R, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Sanchis, L, Sand, A, Santos, J, Sarkimaki, K, Sassano, M, Sauter, O, Schettini, G, Schmuck, S, Schneider, P, Schoonheere, N, Schramm, R, Schrittwieser, R, Schuster, C, Schwarz, N, Sciortino, F, D Abusco, M, Scully, S, Selce, A, Senni, L, Senstius, M, Sergienko, G, Sharapov, S, Sharma, R, Shaw, A, Sheikh, U, Sias, G, Sieglin, B, Silburn, S, Silva, C, Silva, A, Silvagni, D, Schmidt, B, Simons, L, Simpson, J, Singh, L, Sipila, S, Siusko, Y, Smith, S, Snicker, A, Solano, E, Solokha, V, Sos, M, Sozzi, C, Spineanu, F, Spizzo, G, Spolaore, M, Spolladore, L, Srinivasan, C, Stagni, A, Stancar, Z, Stankunas, G, Stober, J, Strand, P, Stuart, C, Subba, F, Sun, G, Sun, H, Suttrop, W, Svoboda, J, Szepesi, T, Szepesi, G, Tal, B, Tala, T, Tamain, P, Tardini, G, Tardocchi, M, Taylor, D, Telesca, G, Tenaglia, A, Terra, A, Terranova, D, Testa, D, Theiler, C, Tholerus, E, Thomas, B, Thoren, E, Thornton, A, Thrysoe, A, Tichit, Q, Tierens, W, Titarenko, A, Tolias, P, Tomasina, E, Tomes, M, Tonello, E, Tookey, A, Jimenez, M, Tsironis, C, Tsui, C, Tykhyy, A, Ugoletti, M, Usoltseva, M, Valcarcel, D, Valentini, A, Valisa, M, Vallar, M, Valovic, M, Valvis, S, van Berkel, M, Van Eester, D, Van Mulders, S, van Rossem, M, Vann, R, Vanovac, B, Varje, J, Vartanian, S, Vecsei, M, Gallardo, L, Veranda, M, Verdier, T, Verdoolaege, G, Verhaegh, K, Vermare, L, Rinati, G, Vicente, J, Viezzer, E, Vignitchouk, L, Villone, F, Vincent, B, Vincenzi, P, Vlad, M, Vogel, G, Voitsekhovitch, I, Voldiner, I, Vondracek, P, Vu, N, Vuoriheimo, T, Wade, C, Wang, E, Wauters, T, Weiland, M, Weisen, H, Wendler, N, Weston, D, Widdowson, A, Wiesen, S, Wiesenberger, M, Wijkamp, T, Willensdorfer, M, Wilson, T, Wojenski, A, Wuethrich, C, Wyss, I, Xiang, L, Xu, S, Yadykin, D, Yakovenko, Y, Yang, H, Yanovskiy, V, Yi, R, Zaar, B, Zadvitskiy, G, Zakharov, L, Zanca, P, Zarzoso, D, Zayachuk, Y, Zebrowski, J, Zerbini, M, Zestanakis, P, Zimmermann, C, Zlobinski, M, Zohar, A, Zotta, V, Zou, X, Zuin, M, Zurita, M, Zychor, I, Joffrin E., Wischmeier M., Baruzzo M., Hakola A., Kappatou A., Keeling D., Labit B., Tsitrone E., Vianello N., Abate D., Adamek J., Agostini M., Albert C., Devasagayam F. C. P. A., Aleiferis S., Alessi E., Alhage J., Allan S., Allcock J., Alonzo M., Anastasiou G., Sunden E. A., Angioni C., Anquetin Y., Appel L., Apruzzese G. M., Ariola M., Arnas C., Artaud J. F., Arter W., Asztalos O., Aucone L., Aumeunier M. H., Auriemma F., Ayllon J., Aymerich E., Baciero A., Bagnato F., Bahner L., Bairaktaris F., Balazs P., Balbinot L., Balboa I., Balden M., Balestri A., Ruiz M. B., Barberis T., Barcellona C., Bardsley O., Benkadda S., Bensadon T., Bernard E., Bernert M., Betar H., Morales R. B., Bielecki J., Bilato R., Bilkova P., Bin W., Birkenmeier G., Bisson R., Blanchard P., Bleasdale A., Bobkov V., Boboc A., Bock A., Bogar K., Bohm P., Bolzonella T., Bombarda F., Bonanomi N., Boncagni L., Bonfiglio D., Bonifetto R., Bonotto M., Borodin D., Borodkina I., Bosman T. O. S. J., Bourdelle C., Bowman C., Brezinsek S., Brida D., Brochard F., Brunet R., Brunetti D., Bruno V., Buchholz R., Buermans J., Bufferand H., Buratti P., Burckhart A., Cai J., Calado R., Caloud J., Cancelli S., Cani F., Cannas B., Cappelli M., Carcangiu S., Cardinali A., Carli S., Carnevale D., Carole M., Carpita M., Carralero D., Caruggi F., Carvalho I. S., Casiraghi I., Casolari A., Casson F. J., Castaldo C., Cathey A., Causa F., Cavalier J., Cavedon M., Cazabonne J., Cecconello M., Ceelen L., Celora A., Cerovsky J., Challis C. D., Chandra R., Chankin A., Chapman B., Chen H., Chernyshova M., Chiariello A. G., Chmielewski P., Chomiczewska A., Cianfarani C., Ciraolo G., Citrin J., Clairet F., Coda S., Coelho R., Coenen J. W., Coffey I. H., Colandrea C., Colas L., Conroy S., Contre C., Conway N. J., Cordaro L., Corre Y., Costa D., Costea S., Coster D., Courtois X., Cowley C., Craciunescu T., Croci G., Croitoru A. M., Crombe K., Cruz Zabala D. J., Cseh G., Czarski T., Da Ros A., Dal Molin A., Dalla Rosa M., Damizia Y., D'Arcangelo O., David P., De Angeli M., De la Cal E., De La Luna E., De Tommasi G., Decker J., Dejarnac R., Del Sarto D., Derks G., Desgranges C., Devynck P., Di Genova S., di Grazia L. E., Di Siena A., Dicorato M., Diez M., Dimitrova M., Dittmar T., Dittrich L., Palacios Duran J. J. D., Donnel P., Douai D., Dowson S., Doyle S., Dreval M., Drews P., Dubus L., Dumont R., Dunai D., Dunne M., Durif A., Durodie F., Durr Legoupil Nicoud G., Duval B., Dux R., Eich T., Ekedahl A., Elmore S., Ericsson G., Eriksson J., Eriksson B., Eriksson F., Ertmer S., Escarguel A., Esposito B., Estrada T., Fable E., Faitsch M., Fakhrayi Mofrad N., Fanni A., Farley T., Farnik M., Fedorczak N., Felici F., Feng X., Ferreira J., Ferreira D., Ferron N., Fevrier O., Ficker O., Field A. R., Figueiredo A., Fil N., Fiorucci D., Firdaouss M., Fischer R., Fitzgerald M., Flebbe M., Fontana M., Climent J. F., Frank A., Fransson E., Frassinetti L., Frigione D., Futatani S., Futtersack R., Gabriellini S., Gadariya D., Galassi D., Galazka K., Galdon J., Galeani S., Gallart D., Gallo A., Galperti C., Gambrioli M., Garavaglia S., Garcia J., Munoz M. G., Gardarein J., Garzotti L., Gaspar J., Gatto R., Gaudio P., Gelfusa M., Gerardin J., Gerasimov S. N., Miguelanez R. G., Gervasini G., Ghani Z., Ghezzi F. M., Ghillardi G., Giannone L., Gibson S., Gil L., Gillgren A., Giovannozzi E., Giroud C., Giruzzi G., Gleiter T., Gobbin M., Goloborodko V., Ganzabal A. G., Goodman T., Gopakumar V., Gorini G., Gorler T., Gorno S., Granucci G., Greenhouse D., Grenfell G., Griener M., Gromelski W., Groth M., Grover O., Gruca M., Gude A., Guillemaut C., Guirlet R., Gunn J., Gyergyek T., Hagg L., Hall J., Ham C. J., Hamed M., Happel T., Harrer G., Harrison J., Harting D., Hawkes N. C., Heinrich P., Henderson S., Hennequin P., Henriques R., Heuraux S., Salaverri J. H., Hillairet J., Hillesheim J. C., Hjalmarsson A., Ho A., Hobirk J., Hodille E., Holzl M., Hoppe M., Horacek J., Horsten N., Horvath L., Houry M., Hromasova K., Huang J., Huang Z., Huber A., Huett E., Huynh P., Iantchenko A., Imrisek M., Innocente P., Schrittwieser C. I., Isliker H., Ivanova P., Stanik I. I., Jablczynska M., Jachmich S., Jacobsen A. S., Jacquet P., van Vuuren A. J., Jardin A., Jarleblad H., Jarvinen A., Jaulmes F., Jensen T., Jepu I., Jessica S., Johnson T., Juven A., Kalis J., Karhunen J., Karimov R., Karpushov A. N., Kasilov S., Kazakov Y., Kazantzidis P. V., Kernbichler W., Kim H. T., King D. B., Kiptily V. G., Kirjasuo A., Kirov K. K., Kirschner A., Kit A., Kiviniemi T., Kjaer F., Klinkby E., Knieps A., Knoche U., Kochan M., Kochl F., Kocsis G., Koenders J. T. W., Kogan L., Kolesnichenko Y., Kominis Y., Komm M., Kong M., Kool B., Korsholm S. B., Kos D., Koubiti M., Kovacic J., Kovtun Y., Strzeciwilk E. K., Koziol K., Kozulia M., Flecken A. K., Kreter A., Krieger K., Kruezi U., Krutkin O., Kudlacek O., Kumar U., Kumpulainen H., Kushoro M. H., Kwiatkowski R., La Matina M., Lacquaniti M., Laguardia L., Lainer P., Lang P., Larsen M., Laszynska E., Lawson K. D., Lazaros A., Lazzaro E., Lee M. Y. K., Leerink S., Lehnen M., Lennholm M., Lerche E., Liang Y., Lier A., Likonen J., Linder O., Lipschultz B., Listopad A., Litaudon X., Smith E. L., Liuzza D., Loarer T., Lomas P. J., Lombardo J., Lonigro N., Lorenzini R., Lowry C., di Cortemiglia T. L., Ludvig Osipov A., Lunt T., Lutsenko V., Macusova E., Maenpaa R., Maget P., Maggi C. F., Mailloux J., Makarov S., Malinowski K., Manas P., Mancini A., Mancini D., Mantica P., Mantsinen M., Manyer J., Maraschek M., Marceca G., Marcer G., Marchetto C., Marchioni S., Mariani A., Marin M., Markl M., Markovic T., Marocco D., Marsden S., Martellucci L., Martin P., Martin C., Martinelli F., Martinelli L., Solis J. R. M., Martone R., Maslov M., Masocco R., Mattei M., Matthews G. F., Matveev D., Matveeva E., Mayoral M. L., Mazon D., Mazzi S., Mazzotta C., McArdle G., McDermott R., McKay K., Meigs A. G., Meineri C., Mele A., Menkovski V., Menmuir S., Merle A., Meyer H., Michalik K. M., Milanesio D., Militello F., Milocco A., Miron I. G., Mitchell J., Mitteau R., Mitterauer V., Mlynar J., Moiseenko V., Molna P., Mombelli F., Monti C., Montisci A., Morales J., Moreau P., Moret J. M., Moro A., Moulton D., Mulholland P., Muraglia M., Murari A., Muraro A., Muscente P., Mykytchuk D., Nabais F., Nakeva Y., Napoli F., Nardon E., Nave M. F., Nem R. D., Nielsen A., Nielsen S. K., Nocente M., Nouailletas R., Nowak S., Nystrom H., Ochoukov R., Offeddu N., Olasz S., Olde C., Oliva F., Oliveira D., Oliver H. J. C., Ollus P., Ongena J., Orsitto F. P., Osborne N., Otin R., Dominguez P. O., Palade D. I., Palomba S., Pan O., Panadero N., Panontin E., Papadopoulos A., Papagiannis P., Papp G., Parail V. 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J., Cseh G., Czarski T., Da Ros A., Dal Molin A., Dalla Rosa M., Damizia Y., D'Arcangelo O., David P., De Angeli M., De la Cal E., De La Luna E., De Tommasi G., Decker J., Dejarnac R., Del Sarto D., Derks G., Desgranges C., Devynck P., Di Genova S., di Grazia L. E., Di Siena A., Dicorato M., Diez M., Dimitrova M., Dittmar T., Dittrich L., Palacios Duran J. J. D., Donnel P., Douai D., Dowson S., Doyle S., Dreval M., Drews P., Dubus L., Dumont R., Dunai D., Dunne M., Durif A., Durodie F., Durr Legoupil Nicoud G., Duval B., Dux R., Eich T., Ekedahl A., Elmore S., Ericsson G., Eriksson J., Eriksson B., Eriksson F., Ertmer S., Escarguel A., Esposito B., Estrada T., Fable E., Faitsch M., Fakhrayi Mofrad N., Fanni A., Farley T., Farnik M., Fedorczak N., Felici F., Feng X., Ferreira J., Ferreira D., Ferron N., Fevrier O., Ficker O., Field A. R., Figueiredo A., Fil N., Fiorucci D., Firdaouss M., Fischer R., Fitzgerald M., Flebbe M., Fontana M., Climent J. F., Frank A., Fransson E., Frassinetti L., Frigione D., Futatani S., Futtersack R., Gabriellini S., Gadariya D., Galassi D., Galazka K., Galdon J., Galeani S., Gallart D., Gallo A., Galperti C., Gambrioli M., Garavaglia S., Garcia J., Munoz M. G., Gardarein J., Garzotti L., Gaspar J., Gatto R., Gaudio P., Gelfusa M., Gerardin J., Gerasimov S. N., Miguelanez R. G., Gervasini G., Ghani Z., Ghezzi F. M., Ghillardi G., Giannone L., Gibson S., Gil L., Gillgren A., Giovannozzi E., Giroud C., Giruzzi G., Gleiter T., Gobbin M., Goloborodko V., Ganzabal A. G., Goodman T., Gopakumar V., Gorini G., Gorler T., Gorno S., Granucci G., Greenhouse D., Grenfell G., Griener M., Gromelski W., Groth M., Grover O., Gruca M., Gude A., Guillemaut C., Guirlet R., Gunn J., Gyergyek T., Hagg L., Hall J., Ham C. J., Hamed M., Happel T., Harrer G., Harrison J., Harting D., Hawkes N. C., Heinrich P., Henderson S., Hennequin P., Henriques R., Heuraux S., Salaverri J. H., Hillairet J., Hillesheim J. C., Hjalmarsson A., Ho A., Hobirk J., Hodille E., Holzl M., Hoppe M., Horacek J., Horsten N., Horvath L., Houry M., Hromasova K., Huang J., Huang Z., Huber A., Huett E., Huynh P., Iantchenko A., Imrisek M., Innocente P., Schrittwieser C. I., Isliker H., Ivanova P., Stanik I. I., Jablczynska M., Jachmich S., Jacobsen A. S., Jacquet P., van Vuuren A. J., Jardin A., Jarleblad H., Jarvinen A., Jaulmes F., Jensen T., Jepu I., Jessica S., Johnson T., Juven A., Kalis J., Karhunen J., Karimov R., Karpushov A. N., Kasilov S., Kazakov Y., Kazantzidis P. V., Kernbichler W., Kim H. T., King D. B., Kiptily V. G., Kirjasuo A., Kirov K. K., Kirschner A., Kit A., Kiviniemi T., Kjaer F., Klinkby E., Knieps A., Knoche U., Kochan M., Kochl F., Kocsis G., Koenders J. T. W., Kogan L., Kolesnichenko Y., Kominis Y., Komm M., Kong M., Kool B., Korsholm S. B., Kos D., Koubiti M., Kovacic J., Kovtun Y., Strzeciwilk E. K., Koziol K., Kozulia M., Flecken A. K., Kreter A., Krieger K., Kruezi U., Krutkin O., Kudlacek O., Kumar U., Kumpulainen H., Kushoro M. H., Kwiatkowski R., La Matina M., Lacquaniti M., Laguardia L., Lainer P., Lang P., Larsen M., Laszynska E., Lawson K. D., Lazaros A., Lazzaro E., Lee M. Y. K., Leerink S., Lehnen M., Lennholm M., Lerche E., Liang Y., Lier A., Likonen J., Linder O., Lipschultz B., Listopad A., Litaudon X., Smith E. L., Liuzza D., Loarer T., Lomas P. J., Lombardo J., Lonigro N., Lorenzini R., Lowry C., di Cortemiglia T. L., Ludvig Osipov A., Lunt T., Lutsenko V., Macusova E., Maenpaa R., Maget P., Maggi C. F., Mailloux J., Makarov S., Malinowski K., Manas P., Mancini A., Mancini D., Mantica P., Mantsinen M., Manyer J., Maraschek M., Marceca G., Marcer G., Marchetto C., Marchioni S., Mariani A., Marin M., Markl M., Markovic T., Marocco D., Marsden S., Martellucci L., Martin P., Martin C., Martinelli F., Martinelli L., Solis J. R. M., Martone R., Maslov M., Masocco R., Mattei M., Matthews G. F., Matveev D., Matveeva E., Mayoral M. L., Mazon D., Mazzi S., Mazzotta C., McArdle G., McDermott R., McKay K., Meigs A. G., Meineri C., Mele A., Menkovski V., Menmuir S., Merle A., Meyer H., Michalik K. M., Milanesio D., Militello F., Milocco A., Miron I. G., Mitchell J., Mitteau R., Mitterauer V., Mlynar J., Moiseenko V., Molna P., Mombelli F., Monti C., Montisci A., Morales J., Moreau P., Moret J. M., Moro A., Moulton D., Mulholland P., Muraglia M., Murari A., Muraro A., Muscente P., Mykytchuk D., Nabais F., Nakeva Y., Napoli F., Nardon E., Nave M. F., Nem R. D., Nielsen A., Nielsen S. K., Nocente M., Nouailletas R., Nowak S., Nystrom H., Ochoukov R., Offeddu N., Olasz S., Olde C., Oliva F., Oliveira D., Oliver H. J. C., Ollus P., Ongena J., Orsitto F. P., Osborne N., Otin R., Dominguez P. O., Palade D. I., Palomba S., Pan O., Panadero N., Panontin E., Papadopoulos A., Papagiannis P., Papp G., Parail V. V., Pardanaud C., Parisi J., Parrott A., Paschalidis K., Passoni M., Pastore F., Patel A., Patel B., Pau A., Pautasso G., Pavlichenko R., Pawelec E., Pegourie B., Pelka G., Peluso E., Perek A., Cippo E. P., Von Thun C. P., Petersson P., Petravich G., Peysson Y., Piergotti V., Pigatto L., Piron C., Piron L., Pironti A., Pisano F., Plank U., Ploeckl B., Plyusnin V., Podolnik A., Poels Y., Pokol G., Poley J., Por G., Poradzinski M., Porcelli F., Porte L., Possieri C., Poulsen A., Predebon I., Pucella G., Pueschel M., Puglia P., Putignano O., Putterich T., Quadri V., Quercia A., Rabinski M., Radovanovic L., Ragona R., Raj H., Rasinski M., Rasmussen J., Ratta G., Ratynskaia S., Rayaprolu R., Rebai M., Redl A., Rees D., Refy D., Reich M., Reimerdes H., Reman B. C. G., Renders O., Reux C., Ricci D., Richou M., Rienacker S., Rigamonti D., Rigollet F., Rimini F. G., Ripamonti D., Rispoli N., Rivals N., Rodriguez J. F. R., Roach C., Rocchi G., Rode S., Rodrigues P., Romazanov J., Madrid C. F. R., Rosato J., Rossi R., Rubino G., Rueda J. R., Ruiz J. R., Ryan P., Ryan D., Saarelma S., Sabot R., Salewski M., Salmi A., Sanchis L., Sand A., Santos J., Sarkimaki K., Sassano M., Sauter O., Schettini G., Schmuck S., Schneider P., Schoonheere N., Schramm R., Schrittwieser R., Schuster C., Schwarz N., Sciortino F., D Abusco M. S., Scully S., Selce A., Senni L., Senstius M., Sergienko G., Sharapov S. E., Sharma R., Shaw A., Sheikh U., Sias G., Sieglin B., Silburn S. A., Silva C., Silva A., Silvagni D., Schmidt B. S., Simons L., Simpson J., Singh L., Sipila S., Siusko Y., Smith S., Snicker A., Solano E. R., Solokha V., Sos M., Sozzi C., Spineanu F., Spizzo G., Spolaore M., Spolladore L., Srinivasan C., Stagni A., Stancar Z., Stankunas G., Stober J., Strand P., Stuart C. I., Subba F., Sun G. Y., Sun H. J., Suttrop W., Svoboda J., Szepesi T., Szepesi G., Tal B., Tala T., Tamain P., Tardini G., Tardocchi M., Taylor D., Telesca G., Tenaglia A., Terra A., Terranova D., Testa D., Theiler C., Tholerus E., Thomas B., Thoren E., Thornton A., Thrysoe A., Tichit Q., Tierens W., Titarenko A., Tolias P., Tomasina E., Tomes M., Tonello E., Tookey A., Jimenez M. T., Tsironis C., Tsui C., Tykhyy A., Ugoletti M., Usoltseva M., Valcarcel D. F., Valentini A., Valisa M., Vallar M., Valovic M., Valvis S. I., van Berkel M., Van Eester D., Van Mulders S., van Rossem M., Vann R., Vanovac B., Rodriguez J. V., Varje J., Vartanian S., Vecsei M., Gallardo L. V., Veranda M., Verdier T., Verdoolaege G., Verhaegh K., Vermare L., Rinati G. V., Vicente J., Viezzer E., Vignitchouk L., Villone F., Vincent B., Vincenzi P., Vlad M. O., Vogel G., Voitsekhovitch I., Voldiner I., Vondracek P., Vu N. M. T., Vuoriheimo T., Wade C., Wang E., Wauters T., Weiland M., Weisen H., Wendler N., Weston D., Widdowson A., Wiesen S., Wiesenberger M., Wijkamp T., Willensdorfer M., Wilson T., Wojenski A., Wuethrich C., Wyss I., Xiang L., Xu S., Yadykin D., Yakovenko Y., Yang H., Yanovskiy V., Yi R., Zaar B., Zadvitskiy G., Zakharov L., Zanca P., Zarzoso D., Zayachuk Y., Zebrowski J., Zerbini M., Zestanakis P., Zimmermann C. F. B., Zlobinski M., Zohar A., Zotta V. K., Zou X., Zuin M., Zurita M., and Zychor I.
- Abstract
Within the 9th European Framework programme, since 2021 EUROfusion is operating five tokamaks under the auspices of a single Task Force called ‘Tokamak Exploitation’. The goal is to benefit from the complementary capabilities of each machine in a coordinated way and help in developing a scientific output scalable to future largre machines. The programme of this Task Force ensures that ASDEX Upgrade, MAST-U, TCV, WEST and JET (since 2022) work together to achieve the objectives of Missions 1 and 2 of the EUROfusion Roadmap: i) demonstrate plasma scenarios that increase the success margin of ITER and satisfy the requirements of DEMO and, ii) demonstrate an integrated approach that can handle the large power leaving ITER and DEMO plasmas. The Tokamak Exploitation task force has therefore organized experiments on these two missions with the goal to strengthen the physics and operational basis for the ITER baseline scenario and for exploiting the recent plasma exhaust enhancements in all four devices (PEX: Plasma EXhaust) for exploring the solution for handling heat and particle exhaust in ITER and develop the conceptual solutions for DEMO. The ITER Baseline scenario has been developed in a similar way in ASDEX Upgrade, TCV and JET. Key risks for ITER such as disruptions and run-aways have been also investigated in TCV, ASDEX Upgrade and JET. Experiments have explored successfully different divertor configurations (standard, super-X, snowflakes) in MAST-U and TCV and studied tungsten melting in WEST and ASDEX Upgrade. The input from the smaller devices to JET has also been proven successful to set-up novel control schemes on disruption avoidance and detachment.
- Published
- 2024
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- Author
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Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, Dal Molin, A, Marcer, G, Bracco, A, Camera, F, Farina, D, Gorini, G, Khilkevitch, E, Nocente, M, Perelli Cippo, E, Putignano, O, Scionti, J, Shevelev, A, Zohar, A, Tardocchi, M, Rebai M., Rigamonti D., Dal Molin A., Marcer G., Bracco A., Camera F., Farina D., Gorini G., Khilkevitch E., Nocente M., Perelli Cippo E., Putignano O., Scionti J., Shevelev A., Zohar A., Tardocchi M., Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, Dal Molin, A, Marcer, G, Bracco, A, Camera, F, Farina, D, Gorini, G, Khilkevitch, E, Nocente, M, Perelli Cippo, E, Putignano, O, Scionti, J, Shevelev, A, Zohar, A, Tardocchi, M, Rebai M., Rigamonti D., Dal Molin A., Marcer G., Bracco A., Camera F., Farina D., Gorini G., Khilkevitch E., Nocente M., Perelli Cippo E., Putignano O., Scionti J., Shevelev A., Zohar A., and Tardocchi M.
- Published
- 2024
5. Development of a measuring technique based on JET second D-T campaign (DTE2) experience for assessing fusion power at ITER during D-T operation using the radial gamma-ray spectrometer
- Author
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Marcer, G, Scioscioli, F, Croci, G, Dal Molin, A, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Nocente, M, Perelli Cippo, E, Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, Coriton, B, Kovalev, A, Polevoi, A, Khilkevitch, E, Shevelev, A, Bracco, A, Camera, F, Cazzaniga, C, Tardocchi, M, Marcer, G., Scioscioli, F., Croci, G., Dal Molin, A., Gorini, G., Muraro, A., Nocente, M., Perelli Cippo, E., Rebai, M., Rigamonti, D., Coriton, B., Kovalev, A., Polevoi, A., Khilkevitch, E., Shevelev, A., Bracco, A., Camera, F., Cazzaniga, C., Tardocchi, M., Marcer, G, Scioscioli, F, Croci, G, Dal Molin, A, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Nocente, M, Perelli Cippo, E, Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, Coriton, B, Kovalev, A, Polevoi, A, Khilkevitch, E, Shevelev, A, Bracco, A, Camera, F, Cazzaniga, C, Tardocchi, M, Marcer, G., Scioscioli, F., Croci, G., Dal Molin, A., Gorini, G., Muraro, A., Nocente, M., Perelli Cippo, E., Rebai, M., Rigamonti, D., Coriton, B., Kovalev, A., Polevoi, A., Khilkevitch, E., Shevelev, A., Bracco, A., Camera, F., Cazzaniga, C., and Tardocchi, M.
- Abstract
The ITER Radial Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (RGRS) consists of three gamma-ray detectors observing the plasma through three collimated, coplanar, radial lines of sight (LoS). The system was initially designed to monitor the runaway electron emission and the alpha-particle density profile [Nocente et al., Nucl. Fusion 57, 076016 (2017)]. This work presents a novel technique for measuring the fusion power during D-T operation using the RGRS. This method is based on the absolute measurement of the 17 MeV fusion gamma-rays and a semi-analytical computation of their transport from the plasma source to the detectors. This approach was initially developed and tested at JET during the second D-T campaign (DTE2) on a single LoS diagnostic [Dal Molin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. (submitted) (2024); Rebai et al., Phys. Rev. C (submitted) (2024); and Marcer et al., Nucl. Fusion (unpublished) (2024)]. This work exploits the multiple LoS of the RGRS to create a combined virtual diagnostic whose detected fraction of the total plasma emission is less affected by variations in the plasma emission profile, reducing systematic uncertainties on the estimated total emission, compared to the individual detectors.
- Published
- 2024
6. Detection of alpha heating in JET-ILW DT plasmas by a study of the electron temperature response to ICRH modulation
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Mantica, P, Auriemma, F, Casiraghi, I, Gallart, D, Kirov, K, Lerche, E, Salmi, A, Dal Molin, A, Delabie, E, Eriksson, J, Garcia, J, Huynh, P, Jacquet, P, Jonsson, T, Kiptily, V, Litherland–smith, E, Maggi, C, Mantsinen, M, Marcer, G, Maslov, M, Menmuir, S, Nocente, M, Peluso, E, Pucella, G, Rigamonti, D, Stancar, Z, Sun, H, Szepesi, G, Tardocchi, M, Van Eester, D, Null, N, Mantica, P., Auriemma, F., Casiraghi, I., Gallart, D., Kirov, K., Lerche, E., Salmi, A., Dal Molin, A., Delabie, E., Eriksson, J., Garcia, J., Huynh, P., Jacquet, P., Jonsson, T., Kiptily, V., Litherland–Smith, E., Maggi, C. F., Mantsinen, M., Marcer, G., Maslov, M., Menmuir, S., Nocente, M., Peluso, E., Pucella, G., Rigamonti, D., Stancar, Z., Sun, H., Szepesi, G., Tardocchi, M., Van Eester, D., null, null, Mantica, P, Auriemma, F, Casiraghi, I, Gallart, D, Kirov, K, Lerche, E, Salmi, A, Dal Molin, A, Delabie, E, Eriksson, J, Garcia, J, Huynh, P, Jacquet, P, Jonsson, T, Kiptily, V, Litherland–smith, E, Maggi, C, Mantsinen, M, Marcer, G, Maslov, M, Menmuir, S, Nocente, M, Peluso, E, Pucella, G, Rigamonti, D, Stancar, Z, Sun, H, Szepesi, G, Tardocchi, M, Van Eester, D, Null, N, Mantica, P., Auriemma, F., Casiraghi, I., Gallart, D., Kirov, K., Lerche, E., Salmi, A., Dal Molin, A., Delabie, E., Eriksson, J., Garcia, J., Huynh, P., Jacquet, P., Jonsson, T., Kiptily, V., Litherland–Smith, E., Maggi, C. F., Mantsinen, M., Marcer, G., Maslov, M., Menmuir, S., Nocente, M., Peluso, E., Pucella, G., Rigamonti, D., Stancar, Z., Sun, H., Szepesi, G., Tardocchi, M., Van Eester, D., and null, null
- Published
- 2024
7. Design solutions for the hodoscope of the magnetic proton recoil neutron spectrometer of the SPARC tokamak
- Author
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Rosa, M, Mackie, S, Rigamonti, D, Tedoldi, L, Colombi, S, Molin, A, Marcer, G, Nocente, M, Gorini, G, Raj, P, Rebai, M, Carmichael, J, Reinke, M, Scioscioli, F, Tinguely, R, Tardocchi, M, Rosa, M. Dalla, Mackie, S., Rigamonti, D., Tedoldi, L. G., Colombi, S., Molin, A. Dal, Marcer, G., Nocente, M., Gorini, G., Raj, P., Rebai, M., Carmichael, J., Reinke, M., Scioscioli, F., Tinguely, R. A., Tardocchi, M., Rosa, M, Mackie, S, Rigamonti, D, Tedoldi, L, Colombi, S, Molin, A, Marcer, G, Nocente, M, Gorini, G, Raj, P, Rebai, M, Carmichael, J, Reinke, M, Scioscioli, F, Tinguely, R, Tardocchi, M, Rosa, M. Dalla, Mackie, S., Rigamonti, D., Tedoldi, L. G., Colombi, S., Molin, A. Dal, Marcer, G., Nocente, M., Gorini, G., Raj, P., Rebai, M., Carmichael, J., Reinke, M., Scioscioli, F., Tinguely, R. A., and Tardocchi, M.
- Abstract
A new 14 MeV neutron spectrometer utilizing the magnetic proton recoil (MPR) technique is under development for the SPARC tokamak. This instrument measures neutrons by converting them into protons, whose momenta are subsequently analyzed using a series of magnets before detection by an array of scintillators known as the hodoscope. In this work, we explore various solutions for the hodoscope detectors through laboratory tests with radioactive sources and simulations. We present findings on light collection and pulse shape discrimination based on detector types, as well as optimal solutions for photo-detectors studying the differences between SiPM and PMT. Our results also led to the determination of a better optimized design for the hodoscope detectors, consisting of a 0.7 cm width and a 13 cm length EJ276D scintillation rod.
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- 2024
8. A multipurpose numerical method for imaging studies and tomographic reconstruction
- Author
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Celora, A, Guiotto, F, Caruggi, F, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Hu, Z, Lazzaro, E, Marcer, G, Nocente, M, Putignano, O, Scionti, J, Scioscioli, F, Tardocchi, M, Muraro, A, Celora A., Guiotto F., Caruggi F., Croci G., Gorini G., Grosso G., Hu Z., Lazzaro E., Marcer G., Nocente M., Putignano O., Scionti J., Scioscioli F., Tardocchi M., Muraro A., Celora, A, Guiotto, F, Caruggi, F, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Hu, Z, Lazzaro, E, Marcer, G, Nocente, M, Putignano, O, Scionti, J, Scioscioli, F, Tardocchi, M, Muraro, A, Celora A., Guiotto F., Caruggi F., Croci G., Gorini G., Grosso G., Hu Z., Lazzaro E., Marcer G., Nocente M., Putignano O., Scionti J., Scioscioli F., Tardocchi M., and Muraro A.
- Abstract
A multipurpose software, called Revolt, has been developed to fully exploit the imaging capabilities of Triple-GEM 2D cameras for X-rays and neutrons detection. Both tomographic inversion techniques and synthetic data production methods are based on the modeling of a transport matrix between the 2D spatially resolved signal on a detector and the 3D signal emission in the experimental space. The core task of the Revolt software is to provide a transport matrix between the two quantities via a numerical-geometrical approach. The method is based on the analytical evaluation of detector pixels Line Of Sight generated via a Monte Carlo method to include obstacle shading on the detector image. The Revolt implementation and validation are described in this work, which provides a solid base for future application of tomographic inversion techniques in the context of fusion plasma physics.
- Published
- 2024
9. Degenerate Pile-up Correction in Pulse Height Spectra from Gamma-ray Spectrometers
- Author
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Marcer, G, Dal Molin, A, Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, Tardocchi, M, Marcer, Giulia, Dal Molin, Andrea, Rebai, Marica, Rigamonti, Davide, Tardocchi, Marco, Marcer, G, Dal Molin, A, Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, Tardocchi, M, Marcer, Giulia, Dal Molin, Andrea, Rebai, Marica, Rigamonti, Davide, and Tardocchi, Marco
- Abstract
One of the primary obstacles faced by spectrometers operating under high counting rates is pile-up, which occurs when two or more events are detected within a timelapse short enough to result in a superposition of the events waveforms. These can not hence be integrated separately in order to get their amplitudes. Piled-up events are typically identified using pile-up rejection or recovery algorithms. In the latter case, the constituent single waveforms and their amplitudes are also restored. However, there are instances in which the pulses overlap so closely that it is impossible to identify the occurrence of pile-up, resulting in the integration of these pulses into a single spurious event. This phenomenon is known as degenerate pile-up. A method to rectify the incorrect reconstruction of degenerate pile-up was developed, based on a statistical approach, which can be directly applied to the pulse height spectra distributions. The approach was tested on a number of synthetic spectra, with counting rates ranging from 20 kHz up to 1 MHz. The recovered spectra were compared to those purely analysed with a pile-up recovery algorithm, demonstrating an improvement of the reconstructed spectrum of several tens of percent when compared to the true synthetic counterpart.
- Published
- 2024
10. Overview of T and D-T results in JET with ITER-like wall
- Author
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Maggi, C.F., Abate, D., Abid, N., Abreu, P., Adabonyan, O., Afzal, M., Ahmad, I., Akhtar, M., Albanese, R., Aleiferis, S., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alguacil, J., Alhage, J., Ali, M., Allen, H., Allinson, M., Alonzo, M., Alves, E., Ambrosino, R., Andersson Sundén, E., Andrew, P., Angelone, M., Angioni, C., Antoniou, I., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Aramunde, C., Ariola, M., Arnoux, G., Artaserse, G., Artaud, J. F., Arter, W., Artigues, V., Artola, F. J., Ash, A., Asztalos, O., Auld, D., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Ayllón, J., Aymerich, E., Baciero, A., Bähner, L., Bairaktaris, F., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V. K., Banks, J., Banon Navarro, A., Barcellona, C., Bardsley, O., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Baruzzo, M., Bassan, M., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Bearcroft, C., Beaumont, P., Beckett, D., Begolli, A., Beidler, M., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Belli, E., Belli, F., Benkadda, S., Bentley, J., Bernard, E., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bhat, P. G., Bickerton, S., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Bílková, P., Birkenmeier, G., Bisson, R., Bizarro, J. P.S., Blatchford, P., Bleasdale, A., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bock, A., Bodnar, G., Bohm, P., Bonalumi, L., Bonanomi, N., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Bonofiglo, P., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Bosman, T.O.S.J., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Božičević Mihalić, I., Bradnam, S. C., Breizman, B., Brezinsek, S., Brida, D., Brix, M., Brown, P., Brunetti, D., Buckley, M., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Burgess, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butcher, D., Calabrò, G., Calacci, L., Calado, R., Canavan, R., Cannas, B., Cannon, M., Cappelli, M., Carcangiu, S., Card, P., Cardinali, A., Carli, S., Carman, P., Carnevale, D., Carvalho, B., Carvalho, I. S., Carvalho, P., Casiraghi, I., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Catalan, J. P., Catarino, N., Causa, F., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Ceelen, L., Challis, C. D., Chamberlain, B., Chandra, R., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, B., Chauhan, P., Chernyshova, M., Chiariello, A., Chira, G. C., Chmielewski, P., Chomiczewska, A., Chone, L., Cieslik, J., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Ciupinski, Clarkson, R., Cleverly, M., Coates, P., Coccorese, V., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I. H., Colangeli, A., Colas, L., Collins, J., Conroy, S., Contré, C., Conway, N. J., Coombs, D., Cooper, P., Cooper, S., Cordaro, L., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Coster, D., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Craven, D., Craven, R., Croci, G., Croft, D., Crombé, K., Cronin, T., Cruz, N., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Dal Molin, A., Dalley, S., David, P., Davies, A., Davies, J., Davies, S., Davis, G., Dawson, K., Dawson, S., Day, I., De Tommasi, G., Deane, J., Dearing, M., De Bock, M., Decker, J., Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., de la Cal, E., de la Luna, E., Del Sarto, D., Dempsey, A., Deng, W., Dennett, A., Derks, G.L., De Temmerman, G., Devasagayam, F., de Vries, P., Devynck, P., di Siena, A., Dickinson, D., Dickson, T., Diez, M., Dinca, P., Dittmar, T., Dittrich, L., Dobrashian, J., Dochnal, T., Donné, A.J.H., Dorland, W., Dorling, S., Dormido-Canto, S., Dotse, R., Douai, D., Dowson, S., Doyle, R., Dreval, M., Drews, P., Drummond, G., Duckworth, Ph, Dudding, H. 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P., Green, J., Greuner, H., Grigore, E., Griph, F., Gromelski, W., Groth, M., Grove, C., Grove, R., Gupta, N., Hacquin, S., Hägg, L., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, J., Ham, C. J., Hamed, M., Hardman, M. R., Haresawa, Y., Harrer, G., Harrison, J. R., Harting, D., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hazael, S., Hearmon, J., Heesterman, P., Heinrich, P., Held, M., Helou, W., Hemming, O., Henderson, S. S., Henriques, R., Henriques, R. B., Hepple, D., Herfindal, J., Hermon, G., Hillesheim, J. C., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Ho, A., Hobirk, J., Hoenen, O., Hogben, C., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Hollmann, E., Hölzl, M., Hook, M., Hoppe, M., Horáček, J., Horsten, N., Horton, A., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S., Hu, Z., Huang, Z., Hubenov, E., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T., Huijsmans, G. T.A., Husain, Y., Huynh, P., Hynes, A., Iglesias, D., Iliasova, M. V., Imríšek, M., Ingleby, J., Innocente, P., Ioannou-Sougleridis, V., Isernia, N., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Ivings, E., Jachmich, S., Jackson, T., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquet, P., Järleblad, H., Järvinen, A., Jaulmes, F., Jayasekera, N., Jenko, F., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Johnson, T., Johnston, J., Jones, C., Jones, E., Jones, G., Jones, L., Jones, T. T.C., Joyce, A., Juvonen, M., Kallenbach, A., Kalnina, P., Kalupin, D., Kanth, P., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Kardaun, O., Karhunen, J., Karsakos, E., Kazakov, Ye O., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D. L., Kelly, W., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, D., Khan, K., Khilkevich, E., Kiefer, C., Kim, H. T., Kim, J., Kim, S. H., King, D. B., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V. G., Kirjasuo, A., Kirov, K. K., Kirschner, A., Kiviniemi, T., Kizane, G., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Kneale, G., Knight, M., Knight, P., Knights, R., Knipe, S., Knoche, U., Knolker, M., Kocan, M., Köchl, F., Kocsis, G., Koenders, J.T.W., Kolesnichenko, Y., Kominis, Y., Kong, M., Kool, B., Korovin, V., Korsholm, S. B., Kos, B., Kos, D., Koubiti, M., Kovtun, Y., Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, E., Koziol, K., Krasikov, Y., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Kresina, M., Kreter, A., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Książek, I., Kumpulainen, H., Kurzan, B., Kwak, S., Kwon, O. J., Labit, B., Lacquaniti, M., Lagoyannis, A., Laguardia, L., Laing, A., Laksharam, V., Lam, N., Lambertz, H. T., Lane, B., Langley, M., Lascas Neto, E., Łaszyńska, E., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Learoyd, G., Lee, C., Lee, K., Leerink, S., Leeson, T., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H. J., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Leon Gutierrez, E., Leppin, L. 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L., Mazzi, S., Mazzotta, C., McAdams, R., McCarthy, P. J., McCullen, P., McDermott, R., McDonald, D. C., McGuckin, D., McKay, V., McNamee, L., McShee, A., Mederick, D., Medland, M., Medley, S., Meghani, K., Meigs, A. G., Meitner, S., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Mianowski, S., Middleton, P., Mietelski, J., Mikszuta-Michalik, K., Milanesio, D., Milani, E., Militello-Asp, E., Militello, F., Milnes, J., Milocco, A., Minucci, S., Miron, I., Mitchell, J., Mlynář, J., Moiseenko, V., Monaghan, P., Monakhov, I., Montisci, A., Moon, S., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Morales, R. B., Morgan, L., Moro, F., Morris, J., Mrowetz, T., Msero, L., Munot, S., Mun͂oz-Perez, A., Muraglia, M., Murari, A., Muraro, A., N’Konga, B., Na, Y. S., Nabais, F., Naish, R., Napoli, F., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F.F., Neu, R., Ng, S., Nicassio, M., Nicolai, D., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nina, D., Noble, C., Nobs, C. 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S., Predebon, I., Previti, A., Primetzhofer, D., Provatas, G., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Purahoo, K., Putignano, O., Pütterich, T., Quercia, A., Radulescu, G., Radulovic, V., Ragona, R., Rainford, M., Raj, P., Rasinski, M., Rasmussen, D., Rasmussen, J. J., Raso, A., Rattá, G., Ratynskaia, S., Rayaprolu, R., Rebai, M., Redl, A., Rees, D., Réfy, D., Reichle, R., Reimerdes, H., Reman, B. C.G., Reux, C., Reynolds, S., Rigamonti, D., Righi, E., Rimini, F. G., Risner, J., Rivero-Rodriguez, J. F., Roach, C. M., Roberts, J., Robins, R., Robinson, S., Robson, D., Rode, S., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez-Fernandez, P., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rose, E., Rose-Innes, C., Rossi, R., Rowe, S., Rowlands, D., Rowley, C., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Rud, M., Ruiz Ruiz, J., Ryter, F., Saarelma, S., Sahlberg, A., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Sanchez, F., Sanders, I., Sandiford, D., Sanni, F., Sauter, O., Sauvan, P., Schettini, G., Shevelev, A., Schekochihin, A. A., Schmid, K., Schmidt, B. S., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, P. A., Schoonheere, N., Schramm, R., Scoon, D., Scully, S., Segato, M., Seidl, J., Senni, L., Seo, J., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Sharapov, S. E., Sharma, R., Shaw, A., Shaw, R., Sheikh, H., Sheikh, U., Shi, N., Shigin, P., Shiraki, D., Sias, G., Siccinio, M., Sieglin, B., Silburn, S. A., Silva, A., Silva, C., Silva, J., Silvagni, D., Simfukwe, D., Simpson, J., Sirén, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjöstrand, H., Skinner, N., Slater, J., Smart, T., Smirnov, R. D., Smith, N., Smith, P., Smith, T., Snell, J., Snoj, L., Solano, E. R., Solokha, V., Sommariva, C., Soni, K., Sos, M., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Spolladore, L., Spong, D., Srinivasan, C., Staebler, G., Stagni, A., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M. F., Štancar, Staniec, P. A., Stankūnas, G., Stead, M., Stein-Lubrano, B., Stephen, A., Stephens, J., Stevenson, P., Steventon, C., Stojanov, M., St-Onge, D. A., Strand, P., Strikwerda, S., Stuart, C. 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J., Coombs, D., Cooper, P., Cooper, S., Cordaro, L., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Coster, D., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Craven, D., Craven, R., Croci, G., Croft, D., Crombé, K., Cronin, T., Cruz, N., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Dal Molin, A., Dalley, S., David, P., Davies, A., Davies, J., Davies, S., Davis, G., Dawson, K., Dawson, S., Day, I., De Tommasi, G., Deane, J., Dearing, M., De Bock, M., Decker, J., Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., de la Cal, E., de la Luna, E., Del Sarto, D., Dempsey, A., Deng, W., Dennett, A., Derks, G.L., De Temmerman, G., Devasagayam, F., de Vries, P., Devynck, P., di Siena, A., Dickinson, D., Dickson, T., Diez, M., Dinca, P., Dittmar, T., Dittrich, L., Dobrashian, J., Dochnal, T., Donné, A.J.H., Dorland, W., Dorling, S., Dormido-Canto, S., Dotse, R., Douai, D., Dowson, S., Doyle, R., Dreval, M., Drews, P., Drummond, G., Duckworth, Ph, Dudding, H. G., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunatov, T., Dunne, M., Ďuran, I., Durodié, F., Dux, R., Eade, T., Eardley, E., Edwards, J., Eich, T., Eksaeva, A., El-Haroun, H., Ellis, R. D., Ellwood, G., Elsmore, C., Emery, S., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, B., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Ertmer, S., Evans, G., Evans, S., Fable, E., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Fajardo Jimenez, D., Falessi, M., Fanni, A., Farmer, T., Farquhar, I., Faugeras, B., Fazinić, S., Fedorczak, N., Felker, K., Felton, R., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, D. R., Ferreira, J., Ferrò, G., Fessey, J., Février, O., Ficker, O., Field, A. R., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Fil, N., Finburg, P., Fischer, U., Fishpool, G., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Foley, S., Fonnesu, N., Fontana, M., Fontdecaba, J. M., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Fortune, M., Fowler, C., Fox, P., Franklin, O., Fransson, E., Frassinetti, L., Fresa, R., Frigione, D., Fülöp, T., Furseman, M., Gabriellini, S., Gadariya, D., Gadgil, S., Gál, K., Galeani, S., Galkowski, A., Gallart, D., Gambrioli, M., Gans, T., Garcia, J., García-Mun͂oz, M., Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gatto, R., Gaudio, P., Gear, D., Gebhart, T., Gee, S., Gelfusa, M., George, R., Gerasimov, S. N., Gerru, R., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Gherendi, M., Gherghina, P. I., Ghezzi, F., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, C., Gil, L., Gilbert, M. R., Gillgren, A., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Giruzzi, G., Goff, J., Goloborodko, V., Gomes, R., Gomez, J. F., Gonçalves, B., Goniche, M., Gonzalez-Martin, J., Goodyear, A., Gore, S., Gorini, G., Görler, T., Gotts, N., Gow, E., Graves, J. P., Green, J., Greuner, H., Grigore, E., Griph, F., Gromelski, W., Groth, M., Grove, C., Grove, R., Gupta, N., Hacquin, S., Hägg, L., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, J., Ham, C. J., Hamed, M., Hardman, M. R., Haresawa, Y., Harrer, G., Harrison, J. R., Harting, D., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hazael, S., Hearmon, J., Heesterman, P., Heinrich, P., Held, M., Helou, W., Hemming, O., Henderson, S. S., Henriques, R., Henriques, R. B., Hepple, D., Herfindal, J., Hermon, G., Hillesheim, J. C., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Ho, A., Hobirk, J., Hoenen, O., Hogben, C., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Hollmann, E., Hölzl, M., Hook, M., Hoppe, M., Horáček, J., Horsten, N., Horton, A., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S., Hu, Z., Huang, Z., Hubenov, E., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T., Huijsmans, G. T.A., Husain, Y., Huynh, P., Hynes, A., Iglesias, D., Iliasova, M. V., Imríšek, M., Ingleby, J., Innocente, P., Ioannou-Sougleridis, V., Isernia, N., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Ivings, E., Jachmich, S., Jackson, T., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquet, P., Järleblad, H., Järvinen, A., Jaulmes, F., Jayasekera, N., Jenko, F., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Johnson, T., Johnston, J., Jones, C., Jones, E., Jones, G., Jones, L., Jones, T. T.C., Joyce, A., Juvonen, M., Kallenbach, A., Kalnina, P., Kalupin, D., Kanth, P., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Kardaun, O., Karhunen, J., Karsakos, E., Kazakov, Ye O., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D. L., Kelly, W., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, D., Khan, K., Khilkevich, E., Kiefer, C., Kim, H. T., Kim, J., Kim, S. H., King, D. B., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V. G., Kirjasuo, A., Kirov, K. K., Kirschner, A., Kiviniemi, T., Kizane, G., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Kneale, G., Knight, M., Knight, P., Knights, R., Knipe, S., Knoche, U., Knolker, M., Kocan, M., Köchl, F., Kocsis, G., Koenders, J.T.W., Kolesnichenko, Y., Kominis, Y., Kong, M., Kool, B., Korovin, V., Korsholm, S. B., Kos, B., Kos, D., Koubiti, M., Kovtun, Y., Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, E., Koziol, K., Krasikov, Y., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Kresina, M., Kreter, A., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Książek, I., Kumpulainen, H., Kurzan, B., Kwak, S., Kwon, O. J., Labit, B., Lacquaniti, M., Lagoyannis, A., Laguardia, L., Laing, A., Laksharam, V., Lam, N., Lambertz, H. T., Lane, B., Langley, M., Lascas Neto, E., Łaszyńska, E., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Learoyd, G., Lee, C., Lee, K., Leerink, S., Leeson, T., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H. J., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Leon Gutierrez, E., Leppin, L. A., Lerche, E., Lescinskis, A., Lesnoj, S., Lewin, L., Lewis, J., Likonen, J., Linsmeier, Ch, Litaudon, X., Litherland-Smith, E., Liu, F., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P. J., Lombardo, J., Lorenzini, R., Loreti, S., Loschiavo, V. P., Loughlin, M., Lowe, T., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R., Luda Di Cortemiglia, T., Lungaroni, M., Lungu, C. P., Lunt, T., Lutsenko, V., Lyons, B., Macdonald, J., Macusova, E., Mäenpää, R., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Makarov, S., Manas, P., Manning, A., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M. J., Manyer, J., Manzanares, A., Maquet, Ph, Maraschek, M., Marceca, G., Marcer, G., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Mariani, A., Mariano, G., Marin, M., Marin Roldan, A., Marinelli, M., Markovič, T., Marot, L., Marren, C., Marsden, S., Marsen, S., Marsh, J., Marshall, R., Martellucci, L., Martin, A. J., Martin, C., Martone, R., Maruyama, S., Maslov, M., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Matveev, D., Matveeva, E., Mauriya, A., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M. L., Mazzi, S., Mazzotta, C., McAdams, R., McCarthy, P. J., McCullen, P., McDermott, R., McDonald, D. C., McGuckin, D., McKay, V., McNamee, L., McShee, A., Mederick, D., Medland, M., Medley, S., Meghani, K., Meigs, A. G., Meitner, S., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Mianowski, S., Middleton, P., Mietelski, J., Mikszuta-Michalik, K., Milanesio, D., Milani, E., Militello-Asp, E., Militello, F., Milnes, J., Milocco, A., Minucci, S., Miron, I., Mitchell, J., Mlynář, J., Moiseenko, V., Monaghan, P., Monakhov, I., Montisci, A., Moon, S., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Morales, R. B., Morgan, L., Moro, F., Morris, J., Mrowetz, T., Msero, L., Munot, S., Mun͂oz-Perez, A., Muraglia, M., Murari, A., Muraro, A., N’Konga, B., Na, Y. S., Nabais, F., Naish, R., Napoli, F., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F.F., Neu, R., Ng, S., Nicassio, M., Nicolai, D., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nina, D., Noble, C., Nobs, C. R., Nocente, M., Nordman, H., Nowak, S., Nyström, H., O’Callaghan, J., O’Mullane, M., O’Neill, C., Olde, C., Oliver, H. J.C., Olney, R., Ongena, J., Orsitto, G. P., Osipov, A., Otin, R., Pace, N., Packer, L. W., Pajuste, E., Palade, D., Palgrave, J., Pan, O., Panadero, N., Pandya, T., Panontin, E., Papadopoulos, A., Papadopoulos, G., Papp, G., Parail, V. V., Parsloe, A., Paschalidis, K., Passeri, M., Patel, A., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Pavlichenko, R., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Paz-Soldan, C., Peacock, A., Pearce, M., Pearson, I. J., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Pepperell, K., Perdas, A., Pereira, T., Perelli Cippo, E., Perez von Thun, C., Perry, D., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petrella, N., Peyman, M., Pigatto, L., Pillon, M., Pinches, S., Pintsuk, G., Piron, C., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Planck, U., Platt, N., Plyusnin, V., Podesta, M., Pokol, G., Poli, F. M., Pompilian, O. G., Poradzinski, M., Porkolab, M., Porosnicu, C., Poulipoulis, G., Poulsen, A. S., Predebon, I., Previti, A., Primetzhofer, D., Provatas, G., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Purahoo, K., Putignano, O., Pütterich, T., Quercia, A., Radulescu, G., Radulovic, V., Ragona, R., Rainford, M., Raj, P., Rasinski, M., Rasmussen, D., Rasmussen, J. J., Raso, A., Rattá, G., Ratynskaia, S., Rayaprolu, R., Rebai, M., Redl, A., Rees, D., Réfy, D., Reichle, R., Reimerdes, H., Reman, B. C.G., Reux, C., Reynolds, S., Rigamonti, D., Righi, E., Rimini, F. G., Risner, J., Rivero-Rodriguez, J. F., Roach, C. M., Roberts, J., Robins, R., Robinson, S., Robson, D., Rode, S., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez-Fernandez, P., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rose, E., Rose-Innes, C., Rossi, R., Rowe, S., Rowlands, D., Rowley, C., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Rud, M., Ruiz Ruiz, J., Ryter, F., Saarelma, S., Sahlberg, A., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Sanchez, F., Sanders, I., Sandiford, D., Sanni, F., Sauter, O., Sauvan, P., Schettini, G., Shevelev, A., Schekochihin, A. A., Schmid, K., Schmidt, B. S., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, P. A., Schoonheere, N., Schramm, R., Scoon, D., Scully, S., Segato, M., Seidl, J., Senni, L., Seo, J., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Sharapov, S. E., Sharma, R., Shaw, A., Shaw, R., Sheikh, H., Sheikh, U., Shi, N., Shigin, P., Shiraki, D., Sias, G., Siccinio, M., Sieglin, B., Silburn, S. A., Silva, A., Silva, C., Silva, J., Silvagni, D., Simfukwe, D., Simpson, J., Sirén, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjöstrand, H., Skinner, N., Slater, J., Smart, T., Smirnov, R. D., Smith, N., Smith, P., Smith, T., Snell, J., Snoj, L., Solano, E. R., Solokha, V., Sommariva, C., Soni, K., Sos, M., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Spolladore, L., Spong, D., Srinivasan, C., Staebler, G., Stagni, A., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M. F., Štancar, Staniec, P. A., Stankūnas, G., Stead, M., Stein-Lubrano, B., Stephen, A., Stephens, J., Stevenson, P., Steventon, C., Stojanov, M., St-Onge, D. A., Strand, P., Strikwerda, S., Stuart, C. I., Sturgeon, S., Sun, H. J., Surendran, S., Suttrop, W., Svensson, J., Svoboda, J., Sweeney, R., Szepesi, G., Szoke, M., Tadić, T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Tamain, P., Tanaka, K., Tang, W., Tardini, G., Tardocchi, M., Taylor, D., Teimane, A. S., Telesca, G., Teplukhina, A., Terra, A., Terranova, D., Terranova, N., Testa, D., Thomas, B., Thompson, V. K., Thorman, A., Thrysoe, A. S., Tierens, W., Tinguely, R. A., Tipton, A., Todd, H., Tomeš, M., Tookey, A., Tsavalas, P., Tskhakaya, D., Turica, L. P., Turner, A., Turner, I., Turner, M. M., Tvalashvili, G., Tykhyy, A., Tyrrell, S., Uccello, A., Udintsev, V., Vadgama, A., Valcarcel, D. F., Valentini, A., Valisa, M., Vallar, M., Valovic, M., van Berkel, M., van de Plassche, K.L., van Rossem, M., Van Eester, D., Varela, J., Varje, J., Vasilopoulou, T., Vayakis, G., Vecsei, M., Vega, J., Veis, M., Veis, P., Ventre, S., Veranda, M., Verdoolaege, G., Verona, C., Verona Rinati, G., Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Viezzer, E., Vignitchouk, L., Vila, R., Villari, R., Villone, F., Vincenzi, P., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, M., Voldiner, I., Von Toussaint, U., Vondráček, P., Wakeling, B., Walker, M., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Walton, R., Wang, E., Warren, F., Warren, R., Waterhouse, J., Watts, C., Webster, T., Weiland, M., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Wendler, N., West, A., Wheatley, M., Whetham, S., Whitehead, A., Whittaker, D., Widdowson, A., Wiesen, S., Willensdorfer, M., Williams, J., Wilson, I., Wilson, T., Wischmeier, M., Withycombe, A., Witts, D., Wojcik-Gargula, A., Wolfrum, E., Wood, R., Woodley, R., Worrall, R., Wyss, I., Xu, T., Yadykin, D., Yakovenko, Y., Yang, Y., Yanovskiy, V., Yi, R., Young, I., Young, R., Zaar, B., Zabolockis, R. J., Zakharov, L., Zanca, P., Zarins, A., Zarzoso Fernandez, D., Zastrow, K. D., Zayachuk, Y., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zimmermann, B., Zlobinski, M., Zocco, A., Zotta, V. K., Zuin, M., Zwingmann, W., and Zychor, I.
- Abstract
In 2021 JET exploited its unique capabilities to operate with T and D–T fuel with an ITER-like Be/W wall (JET-ILW). This second major JET D–T campaign (DTE2), after DTE1 in 1997, represented the culmination of a series of JET enhancements—new fusion diagnostics, new T injection capabilities, refurbishment of the T plant, increased auxiliary heating, in-vessel calibration of 14 MeV neutron yield monitors—as well as significant advances in plasma theory and modelling in the fusion community. DTE2 was complemented by a sequence of isotope physics campaigns encompassing operation in pure tritium at high T-NBI power. Carefully conducted for safe operation with tritium, the new T and D–T experiments used 1 kg of T (vs 100 g in DTE1), yielding the most fusion reactor relevant D–T plasmas to date and expanding our understanding of isotopes and D–T mixture physics. Furthermore, since the JET T and DTE2 campaigns occurred almost 25 years after the last major D–T tokamak experiment, it was also a strategic goal of the European fusion programme to refresh operational experience of a nuclear tokamak to prepare staff for ITER operation. The key physics results of the JET T and DTE2 experiments, carried out within the EUROfusion JET1 work package, are reported in this paper. Progress in the technological exploitation of JET D–T operations, development and validation of nuclear codes, neutronic tools and techniques for ITER operations carried out by EUROfusion (started within the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme and continuing under the Horizon Europe FP) are reported in (Litaudon et al Nucl. Fusion accepted), while JET experience on T and D–T operations is presented in (King et al Nucl. Fusion submitted).
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- 2024
11. Detection of alpha heating in JET-ILW DT plasmas by a study of the electron temperature response to ICRH modulation
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Mantica, P., Auriemma, F., Casiraghi, I., Gallart, D., Kirov, K., Lerche, E., Salmi, A., Dal Molin, A., Delabie, E., Eriksson, Jacob, Garcia, J., Huynh, P., Jacquet, P., Jonsson, T., Kiptily, V., Litherland-Smith, E., Maggi, C. F., Mantsinen, M., Marcer, G., Maslov, M., Menmuir, S., Nocente, M., Peluso, E., Pucella, G., Rigamonti, D., Stancar, Z., Sun, H., Szepesi, G., Tardocchi, M., Van Eester, D., Mantica, P., Auriemma, F., Casiraghi, I., Gallart, D., Kirov, K., Lerche, E., Salmi, A., Dal Molin, A., Delabie, E., Eriksson, Jacob, Garcia, J., Huynh, P., Jacquet, P., Jonsson, T., Kiptily, V., Litherland-Smith, E., Maggi, C. F., Mantsinen, M., Marcer, G., Maslov, M., Menmuir, S., Nocente, M., Peluso, E., Pucella, G., Rigamonti, D., Stancar, Z., Sun, H., Szepesi, G., Tardocchi, M., and Van Eester, D.
- Abstract
In the JET DTE2 campaign a new method was successfully tested to detect the heating of bulk electrons by alpha-particles, using the dynamic response of the electron temperature T e to the modulation of ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH). A fundamental deuterium (D) ICRH scheme was applied to a tritium-rich hybrid plasma with D-neutral beam injection (NBI). The modulation of the ion temperature T i and of the ICRH accelerated deuterons leads to modulated alpha-heating with a large delay with respect to other modulated electron heating terms. A significant phase delay of similar to 40 degrees is measured between central T e and T i, which can only be explained by alpha-particle heating. Integrated modelling using different models for ICRH absorption and ICRH/NBI interaction reproduces the effect qualitatively. Best agreement with experiment is obtained with the European Transport Solver/Heating and Current Drive workflow.
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- 2024
- Full Text
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12. Detailed analysis of a previously uninvestigated feature in lanthanum bromide scintillation crystals intrinsic background
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Marcer, G, Rebai, M, Dal Molin, A, Putignano, O, Rigamonti, D, Camera, F, Tardocchi, M, Marcer, G., Rebai, M., Dal Molin, Andrea, Putignano, O., Rigamonti, D., Camera, F., Tardocchi, M., Marcer, G, Rebai, M, Dal Molin, A, Putignano, O, Rigamonti, D, Camera, F, Tardocchi, M, Marcer, G., Rebai, M., Dal Molin, Andrea, Putignano, O., Rigamonti, D., Camera, F., and Tardocchi, M.
- Abstract
Lanthanum halide scintillation crystals represent the state of the art of the scintillators technology for gamma ray spectroscopy. They feature a short decaying time (< 30 ns), high light yield, good detection efficiency and an optimal energy resolution (< 2.9% at 662 keV). Lanthanum halides also present an intense intrinsic background caused by the radioactive decay of 138La and 227Ac contaminations, which cover all the lower energies up to 3 MeV.Despite being a limitation in low counting rate experiments, this intrinsic background can be exploited to perform energy calibration of the pulse height spectra, refraining from the employment of dedicated external sources. The intense electron capture peak of 138La at 1471 keV, which is the most relevant feature for this purpose, has been deeply characterized in literature in many aspects.In this work, a detailed analysis of the lanthanum bromide intrinsic background was performed on several scintillation crystals, unveiling a feature with an average energy of 1515 keV not yet described in the current literature.
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- 2023
13. Characterisation of N2-GEM: a beam monitor based on Ar-N2 gas mixture
- Author
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Cancelli, S, Alimagno, H, Muraro, A, Perelli , Cippo, E, Caruggi, F, Grosso, G, Gorini, G, Kushoro, M, Marcer, G, Putignano, O, Scionti, J, Tardocchi, M, Croci, G, Cancelli S., Alimagno H., Muraro A., Cippo E., Caruggi F., Grosso G., Gorini G., Kushoro M., Marcer G., Putignano O., Scionti J., Tardocchi M., Croci G., Cancelli, S, Alimagno, H, Muraro, A, Perelli , Cippo, E, Caruggi, F, Grosso, G, Gorini, G, Kushoro, M, Marcer, G, Putignano, O, Scionti, J, Tardocchi, M, Croci, G, Cancelli S., Alimagno H., Muraro A., Cippo E., Caruggi F., Grosso G., Gorini G., Kushoro M., Marcer G., Putignano O., Scionti J., Tardocchi M., and Croci G.
- Abstract
The gas recycle is nowadays an important issue for gaseous detectors operation under study and for this reason, scientists are testing new gas systems for GEM detectors. Since some gas purifier does not allow to use oxygen, the standard Ar-CO2 (70%-30%) cannot be used; thus, new gas mixtures are under investigation. This paper presents the study of a triple GEM detector filled with new gas mixture based on Argon and Nitrogen (Ar-N2) at different concentrations: 90%-10%, 80%-20% and 70%-30%. The GEM detector characterisation has provided the High Voltage working point for the gas mixtures and a comparison between the Ar-CO2 and the Ar-N2.
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- 2023
14. Analytical and MonteCarlo approaches to infer the total gamma ray emission from the JET tokamak
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Marcer, G, Zohar, A, Dal Molin, A, Rigamonti, D, Rebai, M, Nocente, M, Panontin, E, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Muraro, A, Perelli Cippo, E, Putignano, O, de la Luna, E, Ghani, Z, Conroy, S, Garcia, J, Kazakov, Y, Kiptily, V, Maslov, M, Nave, M, Ongena, J, Tardocchi, M, Marcer G., Zohar A., Dal Molin A., Rigamonti D., Rebai M., Nocente M., Panontin E., Croci G., Gorini G., Grosso G., Muraro A., Perelli Cippo E., Putignano O., de la Luna E., Ghani Z., Conroy S., Garcia J., Kazakov Y., Kiptily V., Maslov M., Nave M., Ongena J., Tardocchi M., Marcer, G, Zohar, A, Dal Molin, A, Rigamonti, D, Rebai, M, Nocente, M, Panontin, E, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Muraro, A, Perelli Cippo, E, Putignano, O, de la Luna, E, Ghani, Z, Conroy, S, Garcia, J, Kazakov, Y, Kiptily, V, Maslov, M, Nave, M, Ongena, J, Tardocchi, M, Marcer G., Zohar A., Dal Molin A., Rigamonti D., Rebai M., Nocente M., Panontin E., Croci G., Gorini G., Grosso G., Muraro A., Perelli Cippo E., Putignano O., de la Luna E., Ghani Z., Conroy S., Garcia J., Kazakov Y., Kiptily V., Maslov M., Nave M., Ongena J., and Tardocchi M.
- Abstract
A single gamma-ray spectrometer installed at the end of a collimator can be used to infer the total emission from a tokamak plasma if the transport of gamma-rays from the plasma to the detector is known. In such analysis, the plasma emission profile plays a fundamental role, since it impacts the fraction of plasma volume intercepted by the detector line of sight. In this work, the DT 17 MeV fusion gamma-rays emission profile of the JET discharge #99608 from second 46 to 48 has been estimated both with the TRANSP code and reconstructed through tomographic inversion based on the neutron camera data, assuming that fusion gamma-rays have the same profile as the 14 MeV fusion neutrons. The gamma-ray transport has been evaluated both by MonteCarlo simulations and analytical calculations. By combining MonteCarlo and analytical evaluations of the gamma-ray transport in different ways with the estimated radiation emission profile, we provide four different routes to determine the total gamma-ray yield from measurements whose results agree within better than 10%.
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- 2023
15. Design of a Thick Gas Electron Multiplier based photon pre-amplifier
- Author
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Putignano, O, Muraro, A, Cancelli, S, Giacomelli, L, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Kushoro, M, Marcer, G, Nocente, M, Perelli Cippo, E, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Croci, G, Putignano O., Muraro A., Cancelli S., Giacomelli L., Gorini G., Grosso G., Kushoro M. H., Marcer G., Nocente M., Perelli Cippo E., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., Croci G., Putignano, O, Muraro, A, Cancelli, S, Giacomelli, L, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Kushoro, M, Marcer, G, Nocente, M, Perelli Cippo, E, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Croci, G, Putignano O., Muraro A., Cancelli S., Giacomelli L., Gorini G., Grosso G., Kushoro M. H., Marcer G., Nocente M., Perelli Cippo E., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., and Croci G.
- Abstract
In this paper we present the design of a photon pre-amplifier based on a photo-cathode coated Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM). Such device is crucial in application where a weak light signal produced in a radiation detector must be amplified so that it can be carried to a photo-detector by means of optical fibres. An example of a device where a light signal must be amplified is a gamma-ray Cherenkov detector for fusion power measurements in magnetic confinement devices. In such application the active part of the detector must be located very close the plasma, typically in a harsh radiation environment where standard photodetectors cannot operate. The photon pre-amplifier allows to increase the signal generated in the active part of the detector so that it can be easily detected by the photodetector located outside the harsh environment. We present the conceptual design of a THGEM based photon pre-amplifier supported by Garfield++ simulations. The device working principle is the following: primary photons impinge on the photo-cathode and extract electrons that are accelerated by the THGEM electric field. Upon collisions with the accelerated electrons, the gas molecules in the pre-amplifier are brought to excited states and de-excite emitting scintillation photons. Since each electron excites multiple gas molecules, the scintillation photons outnumber the primary photons, leading to the amplification. In addition, we present the first observation of measurements of Nitrogen gas scintillation in a THGEM device. We devised an experimental setup consisting of a vacuum chamber containing a THGEM and an alpha particle source. The vacuum chamber is filled with pure nitrogen and is coupled to a photomultiplier tube via a view-port to detect the scintillation photons generated in the THGEM. For sake of simplicity the electrons that induce the scintillation are generated by the ionization track of an alpha particle rather than by the THGEM photo-cathode coating. A good q
- Published
- 2023
16. A multipurpose numerical method for imaging studies and tomographic reconstruction
- Author
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Celora, A., primary, Guiotto, F., additional, Caruggi, F., additional, Croci, G., additional, Gorini, G., additional, Grosso, G., additional, Hu, Z., additional, Lazzaro, E., additional, Marcer, G., additional, Nocente, M., additional, Putignano, O., additional, Scionti, J., additional, Scioscioli, F., additional, Tardocchi, M., additional, and Muraro, A., additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Development of a measuring technique based on JET second D-T campaign (DTE2) experience for assessing fusion power at ITER during D-T operation using the radial gamma-ray spectrometer.
- Author
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Marcer, G., Scioscioli, F., Croci, G., Dal Molin, A., Gorini, G., Muraro, A., Nocente, M., Perelli Cippo, E., Rebai, M., Rigamonti, D., Coriton, B., Kovalev, A., Polevoi, A., Khilkevitch, E., Shevelev, A., Bracco, A., Camera, F., Cazzaniga, C., and Tardocchi, M.
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRON emission , *PLASMA sources , *DETECTORS , *SPECTROMETERS , *DENSITY - Abstract
The ITER Radial Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (RGRS) consists of three gamma-ray detectors observing the plasma through three collimated, coplanar, radial lines of sight (LoS). The system was initially designed to monitor the runaway electron emission and the alpha-particle density profile [Nocente et al., Nucl. Fusion 57, 076016 (2017)]. This work presents a novel technique for measuring the fusion power during D-T operation using the RGRS. This method is based on the absolute measurement of the 17 MeV fusion gamma-rays and a semi-analytical computation of their transport from the plasma source to the detectors. This approach was initially developed and tested at JET during the second D-T campaign (DTE2) on a single LoS diagnostic [Dal Molin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. (submitted) (2024); Rebai et al., Phys. Rev. C (submitted) (2024); and Marcer et al., Nucl. Fusion (unpublished) (2024)]. This work exploits the multiple LoS of the RGRS to create a combined virtual diagnostic whose detected fraction of the total plasma emission is less affected by variations in the plasma emission profile, reducing systematic uncertainties on the estimated total emission, compared to the individual detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Design solutions for the hodoscope of the magnetic proton recoil neutron spectrometer of the SPARC tokamak.
- Author
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Rosa, M. Dalla, Mackie, S., Rigamonti, D., Tedoldi, L. G., Colombi, S., Molin, A. Dal, Marcer, G., Nocente, M., Gorini, G., Raj, P., Rebai, M., Carmichael, J., Reinke, M., Scioscioli, F., Tinguely, R. A., and Tardocchi, M.
- Subjects
NEUTRON spectrometers ,FORM perception ,MAGNETIC spectrometer ,MAGNETS ,TOKAMAKS ,SCINTILLATORS - Abstract
A new 14 MeV neutron spectrometer utilizing the magnetic proton recoil (MPR) technique is under development for the SPARC tokamak. This instrument measures neutrons by converting them into protons, whose momenta are subsequently analyzed using a series of magnets before detection by an array of scintillators known as the hodoscope. In this work, we explore various solutions for the hodoscope detectors through laboratory tests with radioactive sources and simulations. We present findings on light collection and pulse shape discrimination based on detector types, as well as optimal solutions for photo-detectors studying the differences between SiPM and PMT. Our results also led to the determination of a better optimized design for the hodoscope detectors, consisting of a 0.7 cm width and a 13 cm length EJ276D scintillation rod. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. This title is unavailable for guests, please login to see more information.
- Author
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Putignano, O, Croci, G, Muraro, A, Cancelli, S, Caruggi, F, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Kushoro, M, Marcer, G, Nocente, M, Cippo, E, Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, Tardocchi, M, Kushoro, M H, Cippo, E Perelli, Putignano, O, Croci, G, Muraro, A, Cancelli, S, Caruggi, F, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Kushoro, M, Marcer, G, Nocente, M, Cippo, E, Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, Tardocchi, M, Kushoro, M H, and Cippo, E Perelli
- Published
- 2023
20. Analytical and MonteCarlo approaches to infer the total gamma ray emission from the JET tokamak
- Author
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Marcer, G., Zohar, A., Dal Molin, A., Rebai, M., Nocente, M., Panontin, E., Croci, G., Gorini, G., Grosso, G., Muraro, A., Cippo, E. Perelli, Putignano, O., Luna, E. de la, Ghani, Z., Conroy, Sean, Garcia, J., Kazakov, Y., Kiptily, V., Maslov, M., Nave, M. F. F., Ongena, J., Tardocchi, M., Contributors, J E T, Marcer, G., Zohar, A., Dal Molin, A., Rebai, M., Nocente, M., Panontin, E., Croci, G., Gorini, G., Grosso, G., Muraro, A., Cippo, E. Perelli, Putignano, O., Luna, E. de la, Ghani, Z., Conroy, Sean, Garcia, J., Kazakov, Y., Kiptily, V., Maslov, M., Nave, M. F. F., Ongena, J., Tardocchi, M., and Contributors, J E T
- Abstract
A single gamma-ray spectrometer installed at the end of a collimator can be used to infer the total emission from a tokamak plasma if the transport of gamma-rays from the plasma to the detector is known. In such analysis, the plasma emission profile plays a fundamental role, since it impacts the fraction of plasma volume intercepted by the detector line of sight. In this work, the DT 17 MeV fusion gamma-rays emission profile of the JET discharge #99608 from second 46 to 48 has been estimated both with the TRANSP code and reconstructed through tomographic inversion based on the neutron camera data, assuming that fusion gamma-rays have the same profile as the 14 MeV fusion neutrons. The gamma-ray transport has been evaluated both by MonteCarlo simulations and analytical calculations. By combining MonteCarlo and analytical evaluations of the gamma-ray transport in different ways with the estimated radiation emission profile, we provide four different routes to determine the total gamma-ray yield from measurements whose results agree within better than 10%.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Design of a Thick Gas Electron Multiplier based photon pre-amplifier
- Author
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Putignano, O., primary, Muraro, A., additional, Cancelli, S., additional, Giacomelli, L., additional, Gorini, G., additional, Grosso, G., additional, Kushoro, M.H., additional, Marcer, G., additional, Nocente, M., additional, Perelli Cippo, E., additional, Rebai, M., additional, Tardocchi, M., additional, and Croci, G., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Characterisation of N2-GEM: a beam monitor based on Ar-N2 gas mixture
- Author
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Cancelli, S., primary, Alimagno, H., additional, Muraro, A., additional, Perelli Cippo, E., additional, Caruggi, F., additional, Grosso, G., additional, Gorini, G., additional, Kushoro, M.H., additional, Marcer, G., additional, Putignano, O., additional, Scionti, J., additional, Tardocchi, M., additional, and Croci, G., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Analytical and MonteCarlo approaches to infer the total gamma ray emission from the JET tokamak
- Author
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Marcer, G., primary, Zohar, A., additional, Dal Molin, A., additional, Rigamonti, D., additional, Rebai, M., additional, Nocente, M., additional, Panontin, E., additional, Croci, G., additional, Gorini, G., additional, Grosso, G., additional, Muraro, A., additional, Perelli Cippo, E., additional, Putignano, O., additional, de la Luna, E., additional, Ghani, Z., additional, Conroy, S., additional, Garcia, J., additional, Kazakov, Y., additional, Kiptily, V., additional, Maslov, M., additional, Nave, M.F.F., additional, Ongena, J., additional, and Tardocchi, M., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Conceptual design of a GEM (gas electron multiplier) based gas Cherenkov detector for measurement of 17 MeV gamma rays from T(D, γ)5He in magnetic confinement fusion plasmas
- Author
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Putignano, O., primary, Croci, G., additional, Muraro, A., additional, Cancelli, S., additional, Caruggi, F., additional, Gorini, G., additional, Grosso, G., additional, Kushoro, M. H., additional, Marcer, G., additional, Nocente, M., additional, Cippo, E. Perelli, additional, Rebai, M., additional, Rigamonti, D., additional, and Tardocchi, M., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Study of a single line of sight gamma ray diagnostics for measurements of the absolute gamma ray emission from JET
- Author
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Marcer, G, Nocente, M, Giacomelli, L, Gorini, G, Perelli Cippo, E, Putignano, O, Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, Craciunescu, T, Dal Molin, A, Kiptily, V, Kos, B, Panontin, E, Zhoar, A, Tardocchi, M, Marcer G., Nocente M., Giacomelli L., Gorini G., Perelli Cippo E., Putignano O., Rebai M., Rigamonti D., Craciunescu T., Dal Molin A., Kiptily V., Kos B., Panontin E., Zhoar A., Tardocchi M., Marcer, G, Nocente, M, Giacomelli, L, Gorini, G, Perelli Cippo, E, Putignano, O, Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, Craciunescu, T, Dal Molin, A, Kiptily, V, Kos, B, Panontin, E, Zhoar, A, Tardocchi, M, Marcer G., Nocente M., Giacomelli L., Gorini G., Perelli Cippo E., Putignano O., Rebai M., Rigamonti D., Craciunescu T., Dal Molin A., Kiptily V., Kos B., Panontin E., Zhoar A., and Tardocchi M.
- Published
- 2021
26. Fusion product measurements by nuclear diagnostics in the Joint European Torus deuterium-tritium 2 campaign (invited)
- Author
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Nocente, M., Kiptily, V, Tardocchi, M., Bonofiglo, P. J., Craciunescu, T., Dal Molin, A., De La Luna, E., Eriksson, J., Garcia, J., Ghani, Z., Gorini, G., Hägg, Linus, Kazakov, Y., Lerche, E., Maggi, C. F., Mantica, P., Marcer, G., Maslov, M., Putignano, O., Rigamonti, D., Salewski, M., Sharapov, S., Siren, P., Stancar, Z., Zohar, A., Beaumont, P., Crombe, K., Ericsson, Göran, Garcia-Munoz, M., Keeling, D., King, D., Kirov, K., Nave, M. F. F., Ongena, J., Patel, A., von Thun, C. Perez, Nocente, M., Kiptily, V, Tardocchi, M., Bonofiglo, P. J., Craciunescu, T., Dal Molin, A., De La Luna, E., Eriksson, J., Garcia, J., Ghani, Z., Gorini, G., Hägg, Linus, Kazakov, Y., Lerche, E., Maggi, C. F., Mantica, P., Marcer, G., Maslov, M., Putignano, O., Rigamonti, D., Salewski, M., Sharapov, S., Siren, P., Stancar, Z., Zohar, A., Beaumont, P., Crombe, K., Ericsson, Göran, Garcia-Munoz, M., Keeling, D., King, D., Kirov, K., Nave, M. F. F., Ongena, J., Patel, A., and von Thun, C. Perez
- Abstract
A new deuterium-tritium experimental, DTE2, campaign has been conducted at the Joint European Torus (JET) between August 2021 and late December 2021. Motivated by significant enhancements in the past decade at JET, such as the ITER-like wall and enhanced auxiliary heating power, the campaign achieved a new fusion energy world record and performed a broad range of fundamental experiments to inform ITER physics scenarios and operations. New capabilities in the area of fusion product measurements by nuclear diagnostics were available as a result of a decade long enhancement program. These have been tested for the first time in DTE2 and a concise overview is provided here. Confined alpha particle measurements by gamma-ray spectroscopy were successfully demonstrated, albeit with limitations at neutron rates higher than some 10(17) n/s. High resolution neutron spectroscopy measurements with the magnetic proton recoil instrument were complemented by novel data from a set of synthetic diamond detectors, which enabled studies of the supra-thermal contributions to the neutron emission. In the area of escaping fast ion diagnostics, a lost fast ion detector and a set of Faraday cups made it possible to determine information on the velocity space and poloidal distribution of the lost alpha particles for the first time. This extensive set of data provides unique information for fundamental physics studies and validation of the numerical models, which are key to inform the physics and scenarios of ITER. Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. A high-resolution neutron spectroscopic camera for the SPARC tokamak based on the Jet European Torus deuterium-tritium experience
- Author
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Tardocchi, M, Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, Tinguely, R, Caruggi, F, Croci, G, Dal Molin, A, Ghani, Z, Giacomelli, L, Girolami, M, Grosso, G, Kushoro, M, Marcer, G, Mastellone, M, Muraro, A, Nocente, M, Perelli Cippo, E, Petruzzo, M, Putignano, O, Scionti, J, Serpente, V, Trucchi, D, Mackie, S, Saltos, A, De Marchi, E, Parisi, M, Trotta, A, de la Luna, E, Garcia, J, Kazakov, Y, Maslov, M, Stancar, Z, Gorini, G, Tinguely, R A, Trucchi, D M, Saltos, A A, Tardocchi, M, Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, Tinguely, R, Caruggi, F, Croci, G, Dal Molin, A, Ghani, Z, Giacomelli, L, Girolami, M, Grosso, G, Kushoro, M, Marcer, G, Mastellone, M, Muraro, A, Nocente, M, Perelli Cippo, E, Petruzzo, M, Putignano, O, Scionti, J, Serpente, V, Trucchi, D, Mackie, S, Saltos, A, De Marchi, E, Parisi, M, Trotta, A, de la Luna, E, Garcia, J, Kazakov, Y, Maslov, M, Stancar, Z, Gorini, G, Tinguely, R A, Trucchi, D M, and Saltos, A A
- Abstract
Dedicated nuclear diagnostics have been designed, developed, and built within EUROFUSION enhancement programs in the last ten years for installation at the Joint European Torus and capable of operation in high power Deuterium-Tritium (DT) plasmas. The recent DT Experiment campaign, called DTE2, has been successfully carried out in the second half of 2021 and provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the performance of the new nuclear diagnostics and for an understanding of their behavior in the record high 14 MeV neutron yields (up to 4.7 × 1018 n/s) and total number of neutrons (up to 2 × 1019 n) achieved on a tokamak. In this work, we will focus on the 14 MeV high resolution neutron spectrometers based on artificial diamonds which, for the first time, have extensively been used to measure 14 MeV DT neutron spectra with unprecedented energy resolution (Full Width at Half Maximum of ≈1% at 14 MeV). The work will describe their long-term stability and operation over the DTE2 campaign as well as their performance as neutron spectrometers in terms of achieved energy resolution and high rate capability. This important experience will be used to outline the concept of a spectroscopic neutron camera for the SPARC tokamak. The proposed neutron camera will be the first one to feature the dual capability to measure (i) the 2.5 and 14 MeV neutron emissivity profile via the conventional neutron detectors based on liquid or plastics scintillators and (ii) the 14 MeV neutron spectral emission via the use of high-resolution diamond-based spectrometers. The new opportunities opened by the spectroscopic neutron camera to measure plasma parameters will be discussed.
- Published
- 2022
28. A new dedicated signal processing system for gamma-ray spectrometers in high power deuterium-tritium plasma scenarios in tokamaks
- Author
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Marcer, G, Khilkevitch, E, Shevelev, A, Croci, G, Dal Molin, A, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Muraro, A, Nocente, M, Perelli Cippo, E, Putignano, O, Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, de la Luna, E, Garcia, J, Kazakov, Y, Kiptily, V, Maslov, M, Nave, M, Ongena, J, Tardocchi, M, Nave, M F F, Marcer, G, Khilkevitch, E, Shevelev, A, Croci, G, Dal Molin, A, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Muraro, A, Nocente, M, Perelli Cippo, E, Putignano, O, Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, de la Luna, E, Garcia, J, Kazakov, Y, Kiptily, V, Maslov, M, Nave, M, Ongena, J, Tardocchi, M, and Nave, M F F
- Abstract
The most performant deuterium-tritium (DT) plasma discharges realized by the Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak in the recent DT campaign have produced neutron yields on the order of 1018 n/s. At such high neutron yields, gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements with scintillators are challenging as events from the neutron-induced background often dominate over the signal, leading to a significant fraction of pileup events and instability of the photodetector gain along with the consequent degradation of the reconstructed spectrum. Here, we describe the solutions adopted for the tangential lanthanum bromide spectrometer installed at JET. A data acquisition system with free streaming mode digitization capabilities for the entire duration of the discharge has been used to solve dead-time related issues and a data reconstruction code with pileup recovery and photodetector gain drift restoration has been implemented for off-line analysis of the data. This work focuses on the acquired data storage and parsing, with a detailed explanation of the pileup recovery and gain drift restoration algorithms.
- Published
- 2022
29. Fusion product measurements by nuclear diagnostics in the Joint European Torus deuterium-tritium 2 campaign (invited)
- Author
-
Nocente, M, Kiptily, V, Tardocchi, M, Bonofiglo, P, Craciunescu, T, Molin, A, De La Luna, E, Eriksson, J, Garcia, J, Ghani, Z, Gorini, G, Hägg, L, Kazakov, Y, Lerche, E, Maggi, C, Mantica, P, Marcer, G, Maslov, M, Putignano, O, Rigamonti, D, Salewski, M, Sharapov, S, Siren, P, Stancar, Z, Zohar, A, Beaumont, P, Crombe, K, Ericsson, G, Garcia-Munoz, M, Keeling, D, King, D, Kirov, K, Nave, M, Ongena, J, Patel, A, Perez von Thun, C, Bonofiglo, P J, Molin, A Dal, Maggi, C F, Nave, M F F, Nocente, M, Kiptily, V, Tardocchi, M, Bonofiglo, P, Craciunescu, T, Molin, A, De La Luna, E, Eriksson, J, Garcia, J, Ghani, Z, Gorini, G, Hägg, L, Kazakov, Y, Lerche, E, Maggi, C, Mantica, P, Marcer, G, Maslov, M, Putignano, O, Rigamonti, D, Salewski, M, Sharapov, S, Siren, P, Stancar, Z, Zohar, A, Beaumont, P, Crombe, K, Ericsson, G, Garcia-Munoz, M, Keeling, D, King, D, Kirov, K, Nave, M, Ongena, J, Patel, A, Perez von Thun, C, Bonofiglo, P J, Molin, A Dal, Maggi, C F, and Nave, M F F
- Abstract
A new deuterium-tritium experimental, DTE2, campaign has been conducted at the Joint European Torus (JET) between August 2021 and late December 2021. Motivated by significant enhancements in the past decade at JET, such as the ITER-like wall and enhanced auxiliary heating power, the campaign achieved a new fusion energy world record and performed a broad range of fundamental experiments to inform ITER physics scenarios and operations. New capabilities in the area of fusion product measurements by nuclear diagnostics were available as a result of a decade long enhancement program. These have been tested for the first time in DTE2 and a concise overview is provided here. Confined alpha particle measurements by gamma-ray spectroscopy were successfully demonstrated, albeit with limitations at neutron rates higher than some 1017 n/s. High resolution neutron spectroscopy measurements with the magnetic proton recoil instrument were complemented by novel data from a set of synthetic diamond detectors, which enabled studies of the supra-thermal contributions to the neutron emission. In the area of escaping fast ion diagnostics, a lost fast ion detector and a set of Faraday cups made it possible to determine information on the velocity space and poloidal distribution of the lost alpha particles for the first time. This extensive set of data provides unique information for fundamental physics studies and validation of the numerical models, which are key to inform the physics and scenarios of ITER.
- Published
- 2022
30. Role of neutron attenuators for gamma-ray measurements in deuterium-tritium magnetic confinement plasmas
- Author
-
Rigamonti, D, Dal Molin, A, Gorini, G, Marcer, G, Nocente, M, Rebai, M, Craciunescu, T, Ghani, Z, Kiptily, V, Maslov, M, Shevelev, A, Zohar, A, Tardocchi, M, Rigamonti, D, Dal Molin, A, Gorini, G, Marcer, G, Nocente, M, Rebai, M, Craciunescu, T, Ghani, Z, Kiptily, V, Maslov, M, Shevelev, A, Zohar, A, and Tardocchi, M
- Abstract
The Joint European Torus (JET) is the only tokamak in the world able to operate in Deuterium-Tritium (DT) plasmas. A successful DT experimental campaign, the DTE2, has recently been carried out, providing unique opportunities for studying both physics and technological aspects. In particular, it allowed us to investigate and benchmark the solutions adopted to attenuate the significant 14 MeV neutron flux, needed to enable high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements on a tokamak. While in inertial confinement experiments, gamma-rays and neutrons are discriminated through time-of-flight techniques; in magnetic confinement experiments, the neutron attenuators are a key element to allow gamma-ray measurements in order to reestablish the 1 × 105 to 1 background to signal ratio. In this paper, the role of the reference neutron attenuators at JET, based on LiH, has been analyzed and described.
- Published
- 2022
31. Fusion product measurements by nuclear diagnostics in the JET Deuterium-Tritium 2 campaign: lessons learnt and implications for ITER
- Author
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Nocente M., Craciunescu T., Dal Molin A., De La Luna E., Eriksson J., Garcia J., Ghani Z., Gorini G., Kazakov Y., Kiptily V., Lerche E., Marcer G., Maslov M., Rigamonti D., Salewski M., Sarapov S., Siren P., Tardocchi M., and JET Contributors
- Subjects
Deuterium-Tritium ,JET ,ITER ,nuclear diagnostics ,Fusion product measurements - Abstract
The Deuterium Tritium (DT) Experiment campaign 2 (DTE2) has been successfully carried out at the Joint European Torus. An important goal of the campaign has been the detailed and systematic measurement of fusion born products, benefitting from a preparatory diagnostic upgrade program over the recent years. This talk will present an overview of the measurements, some of the unprecedented opportunities for physics studies they have opened and the challenges that still need to be addressed in preparation for ITER. Fusion products have been measured in a broad range of scenarios primarily by nuclear diagnostics and, for the first time, with an ITER like wall, which allowed testing many of the methods envisaged for the nuclear phase of ITER. High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy has been demonstrated for the first time in a 50:50 DT plasma. 17 MeV gamma-rays born from fusion reactions between deuterium and tritium have been successfully detected and used to develop a method to determine the fusion power, complementing that based on neutron yield measurements. Slowing down, confined alpha particles with energies in excess of ?1.9 MeV were detected by means of the 4.44 MeV gamma-ray peak that comes from their spontaneous reaction with 9Be impurities. As far as neutron measurements are concerned, chemical vapour deposition diamonds have been used to measure the neutron spectrum on multiple lines of sight (LOS) and complemented more established, single LOS data obtained with the magnetic proton recoil spectrometer. The successful upgrade of the set of Faraday cups and the fast ion loss detector made it possible to detect lost alpha particles, to determine their velocity space and to study their interplay with instabilities. From a more technical viewpoint, DTE2 has also allowed testing some of the reference solutions so far adopted in the design of diagnostics for fusion products at ITER and to learn some lessons. These range from the essential role that attenuators have in enabling gamma-ray measurements, particularly LiH, to the full assessment of the background that pollutes the data for some applications.
- Published
- 2022
32. State of the art of nuclear diagnostics for fusion reactors
- Author
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Dal Molin A., Marcer G., Muraro A., Nocente M., Panontin E., Perelli Cippo E., Putignano O., Rebai M., Rigamonti D., Tardocchi M., and Gorini G.
- Subjects
Physics::Plasma Physics ,fusion reactors ,nuclear diagnostics - Abstract
Nuclear fusion research is one of the most prominent fields set to revolutionize the energy market in the medium-long term period. Recent scientific achievements, such as the ones obtained at JET [1] and NIF [2], have renewed public and private interest in this topic, sparking the creation of numerous new projects and reactor concepts. Nuclear diagnostics are an essential tool to assess any deuterium-tritium machine performance. Absolute neutron counting is the gold standard technique to measure fusion power. Neutron emission spectroscopy grants access to the fuel ion physics providing information on the fuel ion temperature and energy distribution, the fuel ion ratio and the thermal to non-thermal neutron fraction. Gamma-ray and hard X-ray spectroscopy are the most direct way to obtain information on the fast particle energy distribution and their interaction with the plasma. Fusion nuclear diagnostics need to be carefully designed to operate in extreme cenarios, both in terms of operational capabilities (energy range, energy resolution, counting rate potential, etc.) and in terms of robustness in the harsh environment of a nuclear reactor. In this work, we present the state of the art for nuclear measurements in fusion experiments and we discuss possible solutions for the next-generation reactors.
- Published
- 2022
33. A new dedicated signal processing system for gamma-ray spectrometers in high power DT plasmas scenarios in tokamaks
- Author
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Marcer G., Croci G., Dal Molin A., Gorini G., Grosso G., Muraro A., Nocente M., Putignano O., Perelli Cippo E., Rebai M., Rigamonti D., Shevelev A., Khilkevitch E., Kiptily V., Tardocchi M., and JET Contributors
- Subjects
DT plasmas ,gamma-ray spectrometers ,tokamak ,signal processing system - Published
- 2022
34. Role of neutron attenuators for gamma-ray measurements in DT magnetic confinement plasmas
- Author
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Rigamonti D., Dal Molin A., Gorini G., Marcer G., Nocente M., Rebai M., Craciunescu T., Ghani Z., Kiptily V., Shevelev A., Zohar A., Tardocchi M., and JET Contributors
- Subjects
magnetic confinement ,Deuterium-Tritium plasmas ,gamma-ray measurements ,DT ,neutron attenuators - Published
- 2022
35. Conceptual design of a GEM based Cherenkov detector diagnostic for measurement of 17 MeV gamma rays from T(D,gamma)5He in magnetic confinement fusion plasmas
- Author
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Putignano O., Croci G., Muraro A., Dal Molin A., Gorini G., Grosso G., Marcer G., Nocente M., Perelli Cippo E., Rebai M., Rigamonti D., and Tardocchi M.
- Subjects
gamma rays ,GEM ,Gas Electron Multiplier ,magnetic confinement ,fusion plasmas ,Cherenkov detector diagnostic - Published
- 2022
36. Characterisation of N2-GEM: a beam monitor based on Ar-N2 gas mixture.
- Author
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Cancelli, S., Alimagno, H., Muraro, A., Perelli Cippo, E., Caruggi, F., Grosso, G., Gorini, G., Kushoro, M.H., Marcer, G., Putignano, O., Scionti, J., Tardocchi, M., and Croci, G.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Investigation of a Cherenkov-based gamma-ray diagnostic for measurement of 17 MeV gamma-rays from T(D, γ)5He in magnetic confinement fusion plasmas
- Author
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Putignano, O., primary, Croci, G., additional, Muraro, A., additional, Cancelli, S., additional, Giacomelli, L., additional, Gorini, G., additional, Grosso, G., additional, Kushoro, M.H., additional, Marcer, G., additional, Nocente, M., additional, Rebai, M., additional, and Tardocchi, M., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Conceptual design of a GEM (gas electron multiplier) based gas Cherenkov detector for measurement of 17 MeV gamma rays from T(D, γ)5He in magnetic confinement fusion plasmas.
- Author
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Putignano, O., Croci, G., Muraro, A., Cancelli, S., Caruggi, F., Gorini, G., Grosso, G., Kushoro, M. H., Marcer, G., Nocente, M., Cippo, E. Perelli, Rebai, M., Rigamonti, D., and Tardocchi, M.
- Subjects
GAMMA rays ,PHOTOMULTIPLIERS ,CHERENKOV counters ,MAGNETIC confinement ,CHERENKOV radiation ,GAMMA ray spectrometry ,PLASMA confinement - Abstract
The only method for assessing the fusion power throughput of a deuterium–tritium (DT) reactor presently relies on determining the absolute number of 14 MeV neutrons produced in the DT plasma. An independent method, developed and investigated during the recent DT campaign at the Joint European Torus, is based on the absolute counting of 17 MeV gamma rays produced by the competing T(D, γ)
5 He reaction that features a very weak branching ratio (about 3–6 × 10−6 ) when compared to the main T(D, n)4 He reaction. The state-of-the-art spectrometer used for gamma-ray measurements in magnetic confinement fusion plasmas is LaBr3 (Ce) scintillator detectors, although they require significant neutron shielding to extract a relatively weak gamma-ray signal from a much more abundant neutron field. A better approach relies on a gamma-ray detector that is intrinsically insensitive to neutrons. We have advanced the design of a gamma-ray counter based on the Cherenkov effect for gamma-rays whose energy exceeds 11 MeV, optimized to work in the neutron-rich environment of a steady-state, magnetically confined fusion plasma device. The gamma-rays interact with an aluminum window and extract electrons that move into the radiator emitting photons via the Cherenkov effect. Since the Cherenkov light consists of few photons (25 on average) in the far UV band (100–200 nm), a pre-amplifier is required to transport the photons to the neutron-shielded location, which may be a few meters away, where the readout elements of the detector, either a silicon or standard photomultiplier tube, are placed. The present work focuses on the development of a scintillating GEM (Gas Electron Multiplier) based pre-amplifier that acts as a Cherenkov photon pre-amplifier and wavelength shifter. This paper presents the result of a set of Garfield++ simulations developed to find the optimal GEM working parameters. A photon gain of 100 is obtained by biasing a single GEM foil to 1 kV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Epidemiological Study of Pneumoconiosis in the Italian Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Industry
- Author
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Mastrangelo, G., Saia, B., Marcer, G., and Piazza, G.
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Study of a single line of sight gamma ray diagnostics for measurements of the absolute gamma ray emission from JET
- Author
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Marcer, G., primary, Nocente, M., additional, Giacomelli, L., additional, Gorini, G., additional, Perelli Cippo, E., additional, Putignano, O., additional, Rebai, M., additional, Rigamonti, D., additional, Craciunescu, T., additional, Dal Molin, A., additional, Kiptily, V., additional, Kos, B., additional, Panontin, E., additional, Zhoar, A., additional, and Tardocchi, M., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Nuclear diagnostics for assessing the performance of the DT burning plasma experiment SPARC
- Author
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Tardocchi M., Dal Molin A., Cancelli S., Croci G., Grosso G., Kushoro M.H., Marcer G., Muraro A., Nocente M., Panontin E., Perelli Cippo E., Rebai M., Rigamonti D., Scionti J., De Marchi E., Parisi M., Trotta A., Farina D., and Gorini G.
- Subjects
DT burning plasma experiment ,SPARC ,Nuclear diagnostics - Abstract
Various private investors have recently shown their interest into nuclear fusion as a source of clean energy. One of the most challenging project is SPARC, a DT tokamak under development by Commonwealth Fusion Systems in collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and contribution from investors among which the Italian ENI. The SPARC [1] tokamak is at present under design and has the main features of being superconducting, of compact size (major radius ~1.9 m, minor radius ~0.6 m) with very high magnetic field (toroidal field>12 T). External heating to achieve these plasma conditions will be provided by ICRH. Despite being of compact size, SPARC aims to reach the conditions of a burning plasma with a fusion gain Q~2 and Pfus~55 MW in the most conservative extrapolations, and Q>10, Pfus~140 MW in the most favorable one, with high power density (Pfusion/Vplasma~7 MWm-3) relevant for fusion power plants. This will open up the possibility to study the alpha particle physics and their of interactions with high-frequency MHD modes. In this work, starting from the last two decade experience on JET, we will present a preliminary study of the nuclear (neutron and gamma ray) diagnostics that could be installed on SPARC. Focus will be given to the alpha particle diagnostic capabilities offered by gamma ray diagnostic and to the assessment of the effectiveness of ICRH heating scheme with high resolution neutron and gamma ray spectroscopy.
- Published
- 2021
42. Conceptual design of a Cherenkov based gamma-ray diagnostic for measurement of 17 MeV gamma rays from T(D, gamma)5He in magnetic confinement fusion plasmas
- Author
-
Putignano O., Croci G., Muraro A., Cancelli S., Giacomelli L., Gorini G., Grosso G., Kushoro M.H., Marcer G., Nocente M., Perelli Cippo E., Rebai M., and Tardocchi M.
- Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Nuclear Theory ,magnetic confinement ,fusion plasmas ,gas Cherenkov detector ,Nuclear Experiment ,gamma-ray diagnostic - Abstract
At present, the only method for assessing the fusion power throughput of a reactor relies on the absolute measurement of 14 MeV neutrons produced in the D-T nuclear reaction. [1] For ITER and DEMO, however, at least another independent measurement of the fusion power is required. The 5Henucleus produced in the D-T fusion reaction has two de-excitation channels. The most likely is its disintegration in a particle and a neutron, D+T->5He->?+n, by means of the nuclear force. There is however also an electromagnetic channel, with a branching ratio ~10-5, which leads to the emission of a 17 MeV gamma-ray, i.e. D+T->5He*-> 5He+?. [2] The detection of this gamma-ray emission could serve as an independent method to determine the fusion power. In order to enable 17 MeV gamma-ray measurements, there is need for a detector with some coarse energy discrimination and, most importantly, capable to work in a neutron rich environment. Conventional inorganic scintillators, such as LaBr3(Ce), have comparable efficiencies to neutrons and gamma rays and they cannot be used for 17 MeV gamma-ray measurements without significant neutron shielding. In order to overcome this limitation, we here propose the conceptual design of a gamma ray counter with a variable energy threshold based on the Cherenkov effect and designed to operate in intense neutron fields. The detector geometry has been optimized using Geant4 so to achieve a gamma-ray to neutron efficiency ratio better than 105. The design is based on a gas Cherenkov detector and uses a CsI coated scintillating GEM (Gas Electron Multiplier) as photon pre-amplifier, together with a wavelength shifter to minimize the sensitivity to neutrons. Photons produced in the GEM are collected by an optical window and a bundle of optical fibers, which guides them towards an array of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) located further away from the plasma, in a region at low nuclear radiation.
- Published
- 2021
43. Study of a single line of sight gamma-ray diagnostics for measurements of the absolute gamma-ray emission from JET
- Author
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Marcer G., Nocente M., Giacomelli L., Gorini G., Perelli Cippo E., Putignano O., Rebai M., Rigamonti D., Craciunescu T., Dal Molin A., Kiptily V., Kos B., Panontin E., Zhoar A., Tardocchi M., and JET Contributors
- Subjects
gamma ray diagnostics ,JET ,gamma ray emission - Published
- 2021
44. A high-resolution neutron spectroscopic camera for the SPARC tokamak based on the Jet European Torus deuterium–tritium experience.
- Author
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Tardocchi, M., Rebai, M., Rigamonti, D., Tinguely, R. A., Caruggi, F., Croci, G., Dal Molin, A., Ghani, Z., Giacomelli, L., Girolami, M., Grosso, G., Kushoro, M., Marcer, G., Mastellone, M., Muraro, A., Nocente, M., Perelli Cippo, E., Petruzzo, M., Putignano, O., and Scionti, J.
- Subjects
NEUTRON counters ,NEUTRONS ,TOKAMAKS ,ARTIFICIAL diamonds ,LIQUID scintillators ,SCINTILLATORS ,NEUTRON emission ,DEUTERIUM - Abstract
Dedicated nuclear diagnostics have been designed, developed, and built within EUROFUSION enhancement programs in the last ten years for installation at the Joint European Torus and capable of operation in high power Deuterium–Tritium (DT) plasmas. The recent DT Experiment campaign, called DTE2, has been successfully carried out in the second half of 2021 and provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the performance of the new nuclear diagnostics and for an understanding of their behavior in the record high 14 MeV neutron yields (up to 4.7 × 10
18 n/s) and total number of neutrons (up to 2 × 1019 n) achieved on a tokamak. In this work, we will focus on the 14 MeV high resolution neutron spectrometers based on artificial diamonds which, for the first time, have extensively been used to measure 14 MeV DT neutron spectra with unprecedented energy resolution (Full Width at Half Maximum of ≈1% at 14 MeV). The work will describe their long-term stability and operation over the DTE2 campaign as well as their performance as neutron spectrometers in terms of achieved energy resolution and high rate capability. This important experience will be used to outline the concept of a spectroscopic neutron camera for the SPARC tokamak. The proposed neutron camera will be the first one to feature the dual capability to measure (i) the 2.5 and 14 MeV neutron emissivity profile via the conventional neutron detectors based on liquid or plastics scintillators and (ii) the 14 MeV neutron spectral emission via the use of high-resolution diamond-based spectrometers. The new opportunities opened by the spectroscopic neutron camera to measure plasma parameters will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. A new tangential gamma-ray spectrometer for fast ion measurements in deuterium and deuterium-tritium plasmas of the Joint European Torus
- Author
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Nocente, M., Craciunescu, T., Gorini, G., Kiptily, V., Tardocchi, M., Braic, V., Curuia, M., Dal Molin, A., Figueiredo, J., Giacomelli, L., Iliasova, M., Kazakov, Y., Khilkevitch, E., Marcer, G., Panontin, E., Rigamonti, D., Salewski, M., Shevelev, A., Soare, S., Zoita, V., Zychor, I., Nocente, M., Craciunescu, T., Gorini, G., Kiptily, V., Tardocchi, M., Braic, V., Curuia, M., Dal Molin, A., Figueiredo, J., Giacomelli, L., Iliasova, M., Kazakov, Y., Khilkevitch, E., Marcer, G., Panontin, E., Rigamonti, D., Salewski, M., Shevelev, A., Soare, S., Zoita, V., and Zychor, I.
- Published
- 2021
46. This title is unavailable for guests, please login to see more information.
- Author
-
Panontin, E., Rigamonti, D., Nocente, M., Dal Molin, A., Broslawski, A., Craciunescu, T., Croci, G., Cruz, N., Figueiredo, J., Giacomelli, L., Gorini, G., Gosk, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Ye O., Kiptily, V., Korolczuk, S., Marcer, G., Murari, A., Perelli Cippo, E., Salewski, M., Urban, A., Zychor, I., Tardocchi, M., Panontin, E., Rigamonti, D., Nocente, M., Dal Molin, A., Broslawski, A., Craciunescu, T., Croci, G., Cruz, N., Figueiredo, J., Giacomelli, L., Gorini, G., Gosk, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Ye O., Kiptily, V., Korolczuk, S., Marcer, G., Murari, A., Perelli Cippo, E., Salewski, M., Urban, A., Zychor, I., and Tardocchi, M.
- Published
- 2021
47. A new dedicated signal processing system for gamma-ray spectrometers in high power deuterium–tritium plasma scenarios in tokamaks.
- Author
-
Marcer, G., Khilkevitch, E., Shevelev, A., Croci, G., Dal Molin, A., Gorini, G., Grosso, G., Muraro, A., Nocente, M., Perelli Cippo, E., Putignano, O., Rebai, M., Rigamonti, D., de la Luna, E., Garcia, J., Kazakov, Y., Kiptily, V., Maslov, M., Nave, M. F. F., and Ongena, J.
- Subjects
- *
SIGNAL processing , *TRITIUM , *DATA acquisition systems , *TOKAMAKS , *SPECTROMETERS , *PLASMA flow - Abstract
The most performant deuterium–tritium (DT) plasma discharges realized by the Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak in the recent DT campaign have produced neutron yields on the order of 1018 n/s. At such high neutron yields, gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements with scintillators are challenging as events from the neutron-induced background often dominate over the signal, leading to a significant fraction of pileup events and instability of the photodetector gain along with the consequent degradation of the reconstructed spectrum. Here, we describe the solutions adopted for the tangential lanthanum bromide spectrometer installed at JET. A data acquisition system with free streaming mode digitization capabilities for the entire duration of the discharge has been used to solve dead-time related issues and a data reconstruction code with pileup recovery and photodetector gain drift restoration has been implemented for off-line analysis of the data. This work focuses on the acquired data storage and parsing, with a detailed explanation of the pileup recovery and gain drift restoration algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Role of neutron attenuators for gamma-ray measurements in deuterium–tritium magnetic confinement plasmas.
- Author
-
Rigamonti, D., Dal Molin, A., Gorini, G., Marcer, G., Nocente, M., Rebai, M., Craciunescu, T., Ghani, Z., Kiptily, V., Maslov, M., Shevelev, A., Zohar, A., and Tardocchi, M.
- Subjects
MAGNETIC confinement ,PLASMA confinement ,MAGNETIC measurements ,NEUTRONS ,TRITIUM ,NEUTRON flux ,GAMMA ray spectrometry - Abstract
The Joint European Torus (JET) is the only tokamak in the world able to operate in Deuterium–Tritium (DT) plasmas. A successful DT experimental campaign, the DTE2, has recently been carried out, providing unique opportunities for studying both physics and technological aspects. In particular, it allowed us to investigate and benchmark the solutions adopted to attenuate the significant 14 MeV neutron flux, needed to enable high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements on a tokamak. While in inertial confinement experiments, gamma-rays and neutrons are discriminated through time-of-flight techniques; in magnetic confinement experiments, the neutron attenuators are a key element to allow gamma-ray measurements in order to reestablish the 1 × 10
5 to 1 background to signal ratio. In this paper, the role of the reference neutron attenuators at JET, based on LiH, has been analyzed and described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Allergy to pollen of urban cultivated plants
- Author
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Lorenzoni-Chiesura, F., Giorato, M., and Marcer, G.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Venom Iimmunotherapy Given Every 3 or 4 Months is Effective. A Prospective Comparison with the Conventional Regimen: 178
- Author
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Simioni, L., Vianello, A., Bonadonna, P., Marcer, G., Severino, M., Pagani, M., Morlin, L., Crivellaro, M., and Passalacqua, G.
- Published
- 2011
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