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Background: The spectrum of neurological complications from SARS-CoV-2 infection is under constant investigation. According to numerous publications, occurrence of neurological complications can be about 36.4%. There are no reports to date of the occurrence of bilateral median nerve neuritis in the wrist after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Case: A previously healthy 24 years old female was observed in March 2021 due to dysesthesias in both hands, associated with nocturnal discomfort and decreased grip strength. The symptoms started a month earlier with acroparesthesias. SARS-CoV-2 virus infection was in January 2021 and evolved favorably, with progressive remission in about 10 days. Prior to the infection she didn’t have any of the hand symptoms; denied diabetes or metabolic diseases. Negative tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection since February. April 2021, the patient returned with persistent dysesthesias in her hands. Normal EMG, however with Sensitive Conduction Speed (SCS) of 50 m/sec on the right wrist; on the left SCS 55 m/sec. Sensitive latency 2.8 on the right and 2.6 on the left. Amplitude 17 on the right and 24 on the left. MRI detected an increase in signal in PDFS sequences in both median nerves, in the carpal tunnel, with no detected variations in cross-sectional areas or masses. The treatment was a 30 days 150 mg benfotiamine in two daily doses. Discussion: There is a wide variation in the clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, ranging from asymptomatic patients to death. Most frequent symptoms are fever, dry cough, sore throat, dyspnea, myalgia, fatigue, chills, diarrhea, chest pain and vomiting, and the most common complications pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Neurological manifestations of viral infection can occur in about 36.4% and in 45.5% in severe disease. They include Guillán-Barré and Miller Fischer syndrome; however, these conditions usually occur in more severe cases of the disease, but this patient hadn’t the typical picture of ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and areflexia. Benfotiamine is a synthetic derivative of thiamine with a multifaceted therapeutic profile, with a therapeutic role especially in diabetic neuropathy. Conclusion: Knowledge and recognition of neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection and early detection of secondary peripheral neuropathies result in improvement of patients' clinical results and development of ideal ways of treatment. Although only a small percentage of patients develop peripheral neuropathy, in a pandemic this can result in a major social and health impact. The reported case is the first case of bilateral secondary median nerve neuritis in the literature. Level of evidence 4.

OBJETIVO: Comparar os perímetros ultrassonográfico e cirúrgico do nervo mediano, avaliar o diagnóstico da síndrome do túnel do carpo pela área seccional do nervo mediano, verificar associação entre área seccional do nervo mediano e gravidade da síndrome do túnel do carpo. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo de 30 pacientes com síndrome do túnel do carpo. Mediram-se a área seccional e o perímetro ultrassonográfico do nervo mediano. Avaliaram-se correlação clínica-ultrassonográfica e associação com a gravidade da doença. Compararam-se os perímetros ultrassonográfico e cirúrgico. Compararam-se classificação clínica com perímetro cirúrgico, área seccional e perímetro ultrassonográfico. RESULTADOS: Cinco perdas, 25 pacientes estudados; 60% dos pacientes com doença moderada, 60% de casos graves ultrassonográficos (área seccional > 0,15 cm²). Distribuição não normal de perímetro cirúrgico (p = 0,5), distribuição normal de perímetro ultrassonográfico (p = 0). Diferença significativa entre perímetros (teste-t de amostras pareadas; p < 0,0001; intervalo de confiança = 95%). Pearson 0,3913. Pelo diagrama de Bland-Altman, observaram-se maiores perímetros cirúrgicos. Encontrou-se área seccional do nervo mediano > 0,09 cm² em todos os pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve associação entre perímetro ultrassonográfico e perímetro cirúrgico do nervo mediano. Área seccional do nervo mediano > 0,09 cm² foi válida para o diagnóstico. Não houve associação entre área seccional e gravidade da doença.OBJECTIVE: To compare sonographic and surgical measured perimeters of the median nerve; to evaluate the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome by median nerve cross-sectional area; to verify the association between cross-sectional area of the median nerve and carpal tunnel syndrome severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with established carpal tunnel syndrome were studied. Cross-sectional area and sonographic perimeter of the median nerve were measured. The correlation between clinical and sonographic findings and association with carpal tunnel syndrome severity were evaluated. Sonographic and surgical perimeters were compared. Clinical classification, surgical perimeter, cross-sectional area and sonographic perimeter of the median nerve were compared. Statistical analysis utilized paired samples t-test, Pearson's correlation, Bland-Altman's diagram, Kolmogorov-Smirnov's test, Welch's and Wilcoxon's tests. RESULTS: Five patients were excluded; 25 patients were studied; 60% of patients had moderated disease, and 60% presented cross-sectional area > 0.15 cm². Distribution of surgical perimeter was not normal (p = 0.5); the sonographic perimeter distribution was normal (p = 0). There was a statistically significant difference between perimeters (paired samples t-test, p < 0.0001, confidence interval = 95%). Pearson's correlation corresponded to 0.3913. Bland-Altman diagram demonstrated higher values for surgical perimeters. Median nerve cross-sectional area > 0.09 cm² was found in all the patients. CONCLUSION: No association was observed between median nerve sonographic and surgical perimeters. Median nerve cross-sectional area > 0.09 cm² was valid for diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. No association was observed between median nerve cross-sectional area and carpal tunnel syndrome severity.

OBJETIVO: Comparar os perímetros ultrassonográfico e cirúrgico do nervo mediano, avaliar o diagnóstico da síndrome do túnel do carpo pela área seccional do nervo mediano, verificar associação entre área seccional do nervo mediano e gravidade da síndrome do túnel do carpo. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo de 30 pacientes com síndrome do túnel do carpo. Mediram-se a área seccional e o perímetro ultrassonográfico do nervo mediano. Avaliaram-se correlação clínica-ultrassonográfica e associação com a gravidade da doença. Compararam-se os perímetros ultrassonográfico e cirúrgico. Compararam-se classificação clínica com perímetro cirúrgico, área seccional e perímetro ultrassonográfico. RESULTADOS: Cinco perdas, 25 pacientes estudados; 60% dos pacientes com doença moderada, 60% de casos graves ultrassonográficos (área seccional > 0,15 cm²). Distribuição não normal de perímetro cirúrgico (p = 0,5), distribuição normal de perímetro ultrassonográfico (p = 0). Diferença significativa entre perímetros (teste-t de amostras pareadas; p < 0,0001; intervalo de confiança = 95%). Pearson 0,3913. Pelo diagrama de Bland-Altman, observaram-se maiores perímetros cirúrgicos. Encontrou-se área seccional do nervo mediano > 0,09 cm² em todos os pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve associação entre perímetro ultrassonográfico e perímetro cirúrgico do nervo mediano. Área seccional do nervo mediano > 0,09 cm² foi válida para o diagnóstico. Não houve associação entre área seccional e gravidade da doença. OBJECTIVE: To compare sonographic and surgical measured perimeters of the median nerve; to evaluate the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome by median nerve cross-sectional area; to verify the association between cross-sectional area of the median nerve and carpal tunnel syndrome severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with established carpal tunnel syndrome were studied. Cross-sectional area and sonographic perimeter of the median nerve were measured. The correlation between clinical and sonographic findings and association with carpal tunnel syndrome severity were evaluated. Sonographic and surgical perimeters were compared. Clinical classification, surgical perimeter, cross-sectional area and sonographic perimeter of the median nerve were compared. Statistical analysis utilized paired samples t-test, Pearson's correlation, Bland-Altman's diagram, Kolmogorov-Smirnov's test, Welch's and Wilcoxon's tests. RESULTS: Five patients were excluded; 25 patients were studied; 60% of patients had moderated disease, and 60% presented cross-sectional area > 0.15 cm². Distribution of surgical perimeter was not normal (p = 0.5); the sonographic perimeter distribution was normal (p = 0). There was a statistically significant difference between perimeters (paired samples t-test, p < 0.0001, confidence interval = 95%). Pearson's correlation corresponded to 0.3913. Bland-Altman diagram demonstrated higher values for surgical perimeters. Median nerve cross-sectional area > 0.09 cm² was found in all the patients. CONCLUSION: No association was observed between median nerve sonographic and surgical perimeters. Median nerve cross-sectional area > 0.09 cm² was valid for diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. No association was observed between median nerve cross-sectional area and carpal tunnel syndrome severity.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o tratamento pós-operatório da síndrome do túnel do carpo (STC), utilizando-se a laserterapia de baixa intensidade (LBI). MÉTODO: Foram avaliados prospectivamente 58 pacientes portadores de STC, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: tratamento com LBI (grupo 1) e placebo (grupo 2). Foi utilizado laser de 830nm, de gálio-alumínio-arsênico, e potência de 30mW. RESULTADOS: Houve predominância do sexo feminino, em ambos os grupos. A média de idade dos pacientes do grupo 1 foi de 44,3 anos e do grupo 2, de 51,9 anos. A média do tempo de evolução da doença foi aproximadamente dois anos em ambos os grupos. A média do tempo decorrido para alta do tratamento foi de 3,6 meses, em ambos os grupos, com menor número de pacientes queixosos no pós-operatório do grupo 1 do que do grupo 2. Ao fim do tratamento, no grupo 1, 29,41% dos pacientes apresentavam eletroneuromiografia alterada, enquanto que, no grupo 2, foram 63,64% dos pacientes após seis meses. CONCLUSÕES: Trata-se de estudo inicial sobre a terapêutica adjuvante utilizando LBI no pós-operatório da STC. A metodologia apresentada foi suficiente para a avaliação pós-operatória dos pacientes do estudo. Os pacientes submetidos à LBI após a cirurgia para STC foram beneficiados e obtiveram melhores resultados funcionais quando comparados ao grupo controle. A técnica foi eficaz e sem efeitos adversos nos pacientes estudados. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the post-operative treatment of CTS, using the LLLT. METHOD: We prospectively evaluated 58 patients with CTS, randomly divided into two groups: treatment with LLLT (Group 1) and placebo (Group 2). A 830 nm gallium-aluminum-arsenic laser was used, with a power of 30 mW. RESULTS: There was female predominance in both groups. The mean age of the patients in Group 1 was 44.3 years and in Group 2, 51.9 years. The average duration of disease progression was around two years in both groups. The average time elapsed since discharge from treatment was 3.6 months in both groups, and fewer patients had postoperative complaints in Group 1 than in Group 2. At the end of the treatment, in Group 1, 29.41% of the patients presented electromyographic abnormalities, while in Group 2, 63.64% of the patients had abnormalities, after six months. CONCLUSION: This was an initial study on adjuvant therapy using postoperative LLLT on CTS. The method presented was sufficient for postoperative evaluation of the patients in this study. Patients undergoing LLLT after surgery for CTS were benefited and had better functional outcomes than shown by the control group. The technique was effective and did not have any adverse effects on the patients studied.

Giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath are common lesions and are the second most frequent tumors in the hand, after synovial cysts. They are diagnosed by means of clinical examination and complementary examinations (simple radiography and magnetic resonance). Erosion and invasion of the phalangeal bone affected may be seen on radiological examination. Magnetic resonance may show a “fluorescent or radiant effect” may be observed, caused by the high quantity of hemosiderin inside the tumor. Surgical treatment is the commonest practice, and complete excision is important for avoiding recurrence of the tumor, especially when bone invasion is observed on imaging examinations, which is generally related to greater tumor recurrence. In this paper, a case of a giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath in the middle phalanx of the third finger of a 45-year-old female patient is presented. This was successfully treated by means of surgery using a double access approach (dorsal and volar).

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a pathological condition frequently seen in orthopedic consultation offices. It is most common compressive neuropathy and also the one most often treated surgically. CTS is usually diagnosed clinically, through the clinical history, physical examination (Tinel, Phalen and Durkan tests) and complementary examinations, and more specifically, nerve conduction studies. Ultrasound scans and magnetic resonance imaging may also be used. Conservative treatment is reserved for patients presenting with mild symptoms, with little incapacitation, who show good response to non-steroidal or steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physiotherapy and lifestyle changes. Surgical treatment is more frequent, and a variety of techniques are used. The goal of the surgery is to decompress the carpal tunnel and, by sectioning the transverse carpal ligament, release the median nerve. The aim of this paper was to compare surgical treatment of CTS by means of a transverse mini-incision made proximally to the carpal canal, with the classic longitudinal incision over the carpal canal. The mini-incision technique was shown to be less invasive and equally effective for treating CTS, with less morbidity than with the classic longitudinal incision.

A síndrome do túnel do carpo (STC) é patologia frequente em consultório de ortopedia, sendo a neuropatia compressiva mais comum e também a mais tratada por cirurgia. O diagnóstico da STC é eminentemente clínico, através da história clínica, exame físico (testes de Tinel, Phalen, Durkan) e exames complementares, mais especificamente estudos de neurocondução. Eventualmente, pode-se lançar mão de exames de ultrassonografia e ressonância magnética. O tratamento conservador é reservado para pacientes em que os sintomas são leves, pouco incapacitantes e melhoram com o uso de medicações anti-inflamatórias (esteroidais ou não esteroidais), fisioterapia e modificação dos hábitos de vida. O tratamento cirúrgico é o mais frequente, empregando diversas técnicas. O objetivo da cirurgia é descomprimir o canal do carpo e liberar o nervo mediano, por secção do ligamento transverso do carpo (LTC). O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar o tratamento cirúrgico da STC por mini-incisão transversa, proximal ao canal do carpo, com a incisão clássica, longitudinal, sobre o canal do carpo. A mini-incisão mostra-se uma opção menos invasiva e igualmente eficaz para o tratamento cirúrgico da STC, com menor morbidade do que a incisão longitudinal clássica. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common compressive neuropathy, a pathology frequently seen in orthopedic clinics and the neuropathy most often treated surgically. The diagnosis of CTS is made clinically, through a clinial history, physical examination (Tinel, Phalen, and Durkan tests) and complementary exams, and more specifically nerve conduction studies. Eventually, ultrasound scans and magnetic resonance imaging may be used. Conservative treatment is reserved for patients presenting with light symptoms, mild impairment and showing a good response to non-steroidal or steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes. Surgical treatment is the most frequent, employing various techniques. The goal of the surgery is to decompress the carpal tunnel, and by sectioning the transverse carpal ligament, releasing the median nerve. This paper's objective is to compare the surgical treatment of CTS by means of two incisions: the first is the classic longitudinal incision over the transverse carpal ligament, and the second is a mini-incision at the wrist crease and near the proximal border of the ligament. The mini-incision technique is a less invasive and equally effective technique for the treatment of CTS, with less morbidity when compared to the classic longitudinal incision.

ResumoObjetivoAvaliar os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico da doença de Dupuytren pela técnica da palma aberta.MétodoCom o uso da técnica operatória descrita por McCash, 12 pacientes (13 mãos) foram operados para tratamento de doença de Dupuytren, entre outubro de 2002 e setembro de 2011.ResultadosAs feridas cicatrizaram num tempo médio de 25 dias, com variação entre 17 e 30 dias. Não houve infecção, hematoma, necrose cutânea, edema residual ou qualquer outra complicação local.ConclusãoA técnica da palma aberta constitui opção segura para o tratamento da doença de Dupuytren, com resultados satisfatórios e baixo índice de complicações.AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the results of the open palm technique for the treatment of Dupuytren's disease.MethodThe authors used the technique described by McCash. Twelve patients (13 hands) were surgically treated, between october 2002 and september 2011.ResultsThe wounds healed in a medium of 25 days (variation of 17 to 30 days). There were no complications, such as infection, haematoma formation, skin necrosis, residual edema.ConclusionThe open palm technique remains a safe alternative for the treatment of Dupuytren's disease, with satisfactory results and low risk of complications.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of the open palm technique for the treatment of Dupuytren's disease. METHOD: The authors used the technique described by McCash. Twelve patients (13 hands) were surgically treated, between october 2002 and september 2011. RESULTS: The wounds healed in a medium of 25 days (variation of 17 to 30 days). There were no complications, such as infection, haematoma formation, skin necrosis, residual edema. CONCLUSION: The open palm technique remains a safe alternative for the treatment of Dupuytren's disease, with satisfactory results and low risk of complications. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico da doença de Dupuytren pela técnica da palma aberta. MÉTODO : Com o uso da técnica operatória descrita por McCash, 12 pacientes (13 mãos) foram operados para tratamento de doença de Dupuytren, entre outubro de 2002 e setembro de 2011. RESULTADOS : As feridas cicatrizaram num tempo médio de 25 dias, com variação entre 17 e 30 dias. Não houve infecção, hematoma, necrose cutânea, edema residual ou qualquer outra complicação local. CONCLUSÃO : A técnica da palma aberta constitui opção segura para o tratamento da doença de Dupuytren, com resultados satisfatórios e baixo índice de complicações.