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Numerous countries and regions have embraced implementing a separate sewer system, segregating sanitary and storm sewers into distinct systems. However, the functionality of these systems often needs to improve due to irregular interconnections, resulting in a mixed and malfunctioning system. Sewage collection is crucial for residential sanitation, but untreated collection significantly contributes to environmental degradation. Analyzing the simultaneous operation of both systems becomes vital for effective management. Using mathematical tools for precise and unified diagnosis and prognosis becomes imperative. However, municipal professionals and companies need more tools specifically designed to evaluate these systems in a unified way, mapping all the hydraulic connections observed in practice. This study proposes a unified simulation method for stormwater and sanitary sewer urban systems, addressing real-world scenarios and potential interferences. The primary goal is to develop a simulation method for both systems, considering system interconnections and urban layouts, involving hydrodynamic and water quality simulations. The practical application of this method, the Multilayer Hydrodynamic Simulation Method (MODCEL-MHUS), successfully identifies issues in urban water networks and suggests solutions, making it a valuable tool for urban water management and environmental engineering professionals. HIGHLIGHTS Many countries adopt separate sanitary sewer system, but irregular interconnections can lead to mixed and malfunctioning sanitary sewer and stormwater systems.; Unforeseen combined sewer overflow of sanitary sewer and stormwater systems contributes to urban and environmental degradation.; The proposed Multilayer Hydrodynamic Unified Simulation Method (MODCEL-MHUS) successfully identifies and allows integrated action planning.;

Cities are increasingly dealing with challenges regarding the negative impact of rapid and mismanaged urbanization. Therefore, city planning must cope with the natural environment limitations, seeking a balance between the human activities and the well-functioning of the hydrologic cycle. This work aims to present a conceptual framework able to properly integrate the stormwater dynamics into the open spaces system in a functional way, establishing a Hydrological Interest Area, HIA, to structure urban expansion integrated into and respecting watershed natural processes. The initial step is to define a HIA, primarily consisting of open spaces that can be used for supporting urban drainage functions and to order land use in the urban expansion process. This delimitation offers the background for interpreting the watershed in three functional arches, especially covering the upstream, mid-reach and downstream areas of the basin, guiding the design of a set of flood mitigation interventions focusing on the use of Blue-Green Infrastructure. To illustrate and validate the proposed methodological framework, the design is evaluated by a flood modeling tool, using a hydrological-hydrodynamic cell-model. A case study was driven in the Bambu Watershed, a rapidly developing area in the municipality of Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The proposed intervention includes an urban expansion scenario for a low impact development on flood behavior alongside with four parks: an upstream park with reservoirs, two multifunctional floodable urban parks, and a park dedicated to lagoon restoration. This plan complements riverbed modifications designed to enhance water discharge. The simulation showed significant reduction of water depths with a consequent decrease in exposure of buildings and roads, especially in the most critical region of the watershed. This framework highlights the importance of a multifunctional approach in land use and serves as a robust foundation for controlling urban expansion and proposing projects.

Summary: Aerobic exercise training (AET) has emerged as a strategy to reduce cancer mortality, however, the mechanisms explaining AET on tumor development remain unclear. Tumors escape immune detection by generating immunosuppressive microenvironments and impaired T cell function, which is associated with T cell mitochondrial loss. AET improves mitochondrial content and function, thus we tested whether AET would modulate mitochondrial metabolism in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Balb/c mice were subjected to a treadmill AET protocol prior to CT26 colon carcinoma cells injection and until tumor harvest. Tissue hypoxia, TIL infiltration and effector function, and mitochondrial content, morphology and function were evaluated. AET reduced tumor growth, improved survival, and decreased tumor hypoxia. An increased CD8+ TIL infiltration, IFN-γ and ATP production promoted by AET was correlated with reduced mitochondrial loss in these cells. Collectively, AET decreases tumor growth partially by increasing CD8+ TIL effector function through an improvement in their mitochondrial content and function.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados da análise da estrutura sócio-ocupacional das principais metrópoles do Brasil, entre os anos de 1982 e 2021, focando em sua composição e no comportamento das desigualdades de renda. Buscamos responder às seguintes questões: "Que mudanças e/ou permanências ocorreram na composição da estrutura sócio-ocupacional das metrópoles brasileiras?” e “Como as desigualdades de renda se apresentaram nessa estrutura sócio-ocupacional no período em análise?”. Foram utilizados dados Pnad, de 1982, e PnadC, de 2021, do IBGE. Os principais resultados encontrados apontam para a manutenção de uma estrutura social representada pelo modelo piramidal, apesar de mudanças importantes ocorridas ao longo de 40 anos, e para a redução das desigualdades de renda.

Background and Objective: Buprenorphine is an opioid drug indicated for the management of severe and persistent pain. The buprenorphine transdermal patch provides a non-invasive method of rate-controlled drug release, ensuring constant and predictable drug plasma levels over an extended period. This study aimed to assess the bioequivalence, skin adhesion non-inferiority, and tolerability of two buprenorphine transdermal patches to meet the regulatory requirements for the registration of a generic product in Brazil. Methods: A randomized, single-dose, two-period, two-sequence crossover trial was performed involving healthy subjects of both genders. The subjects received a single dose of either the test formulation or the reference formulation (Restiva®), separated by a 29-day washout period. For pharmacokinetic analysis, blood samples were collected up to 12 days post-dose and quantified using a validated bioanalytical method. Skin adhesion was assessed over a 7-day period (dosing interval) following patch application. Seventy-six subjects were enrolled and fifty-two completed the study. Results and Conclusion: The 90% confidence intervals for Cmax, AUC0–t, and partial AUCs were within the acceptable bioequivalence limits of 80 to 125%. Adhesion comparison showed the non-inferiority of the test formulation. Based on ANVISA’s regulatory requirements, the test and reference formulations were considered bioequivalent and could be interchangeable in clinical practice.

ABSTRACTThe SARS-CoV-2 XBB is a group of highly immune-evasive lineages of the Omicron variant of concern that emerged by recombining BA.2-descendent lineages and spread worldwide during 2023. In this study, we combine SARS-CoV-2 genomic data (n = 11,065 sequences) with epidemiological data of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases collected in Brazil between October 2022 and July 2023 to reconstruct the space-time dynamics and epidemiologic impact of XBB dissemination in the country. Our analyses revealed that the introduction and local emergence of lineages carrying convergent mutations within the Spike protein, especially F486P, F456L, and L455F, propelled the spread of XBB* lineages in Brazil. The average relative instantaneous reproduction numbers of XBB* + F486P, XBB* + F486P + F456L, and XBB* + F486P + F456L + L455F lineages in Brazil were estimated to be 1.24, 1.33, and 1.48 higher than that of other co-circulating lineages (mainly BQ.1*/BE*), respectively. Despite such a growth advantage, the dissemination of these XBB* lineages had a reduced impact on Brazil’s epidemiological scenario concerning previous Omicron subvariants. The peak number of SARI cases from SARS-CoV-2 during the XBB wave was approximately 90%, 80%, and 70% lower than that observed during the previous BA.1*, BA.5*, and BQ.1* waves, respectively. These findings revealed the emergence of multiple XBB lineages with progressively increasing growth advantage, yet with relatively limited epidemiological impact in Brazil throughout 2023. The XBB* + F486P + F456L + L455F lineages stand out for their heightened transmissibility, warranting close monitoring in the months ahead.IMPORTANCEBrazil was one the most affected countries by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with more than 700,000 deaths by mid-2023. This study reconstructs the dissemination of the virus in the country in the first half of 2023, a period characterized by the dissemination of descendants of XBB.1, a recombinant of Omicron BA.2 lineages evolved in late 2022. The analysis supports that XBB dissemination was marked by the continuous emergence of indigenous lineages bearing similar mutations in key sites of their Spike protein, a process followed by continuous increments in transmissibility, and without repercussions in the incidence of severe cases. Thus, the results suggest that the epidemiological impact of the spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant is influenced by an intricate interplay of factors that extend beyond the virus's transmissibility alone. The study also underlines the need for SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance that allows the monitoring of its ever-shifting composition.

As Infecções relacionadas a assistência em saúde têm grande impacto na morbiletalidade. As infecções ósseas por germes multirresistentes representam um desafio suplementar. O desenvolvimento da osteomielite por contiguidade às úlceras por pressão é um processo complexo, que engloba a presença de sequestro ósseo, abscessos, fístula e necrose e representam a expressão fisiopatogênica da formação de focos locais de biofilme, onde os patógenos conseguem manter sua viabilidade frente a concentrações séricas bactericidas dos antibióticos. Portanto, a atividade antimicrobiana esterilizante dentro desse ambiente representa um desafio. Neste relato de caso, os autores descrevem a terapia de resgate de um caso de osteomielite crônica sacral. Trata-se de um paciente de 77 anos, admitido para realização de laminectomia lombar. No pós-operatório evoluiu com paraplegia e extensa lesão por pressão sacral com osteomielite. Após falha de múltiplos esquemas antimicrobianos empíricos foi isolado no fragmento cirúrgico da lesão sacral uma Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensível apenas à Polimixina B e ceftazidima-avibactam. Foi iniciada polimixina B que precisou ser suspensa após 3 semanas por toxicidade, seguida de ceftazidima-avibactam por nove semanas sem que houvesse controle da infecção. Dentre os efeitos colaterais secundários mais graves, destacamos a ototoxicidade, tubulopatia renal e colite pseudomembranosa de difícil controle para a qual chegou-se a aventar uma colostomia higiênica. Frente a falência da estratégia implementada até aquele momento, optou-se pela suspensão do antimicrobiano, coleta de novas amostras para cultura (sangue, fragmento ósseo e muscular) que foram negativas. Foi iniciado delafloxacino endovenoso e pôde-se observar em 7 dias a defervescência, diminuição da drenagem purulenta da fístula óssea e progressiva cicatrização da úlcera. O delafloxacino foi encerrado após 28 dias. O paciente segue em observação há cinco meses, sem recidiva e sem necessidade de uso de antimicrobianos. A otimização da terapêutica antimicrobiana permitiu o tratamento curativo de uma infecção crônica. A escolha antimicrobiana recaiu sobre características farmacodinâmicas do delafloxacino, quinolona de quarta geração que tem revelado in vitro uma atividade intra biofilme mais potente, além de um espectro amplo e baixa toxicidade.

Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) é um coco gram positivo encapsulado comensal do trato respiratório superior de aproximadamente 10% das pessoas e responsável por infecções como pneumonia, sinusite, meningite e doença invasiva. A doença inflamatória pélvica (DIP) é uma infecção polimicrobiana, causada por microorganismos sexualmente transmissíveis em 85% dos casos, sendo rara sua associação com pneumococo. Este trabalho descreve um caso de abscesso tubo-ovariano por S. pneumoniae em paciente vivendo com vírus da imunodeficiência humana (PVHIV), sem envolvimento primário de outros sítios. PVHIV de 40 anos, sem tratamento regular, com contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ de 489 células/ul, vacinação incompleta e hipertensa. Iniciou quadro de dor abdominal, febre, náuseas e vômitos com uma semana de duração, sem alterações respiratórias ou intestinais. Foi atendida previamente com prescrição de amoxicilina com clavulanato. Após persistência da dor, deu entrada no Hospital Federal da Lagoa com B-HCG negativo, leucocitose e aumento de proteína C reativa. A tomografia de pelve evidenciou formação heterogênea anexial esquerda, compatível com abscesso tubo-ovariano. Iniciado ceftriaxona e metronidazol parenteral, seguido de drenagem de abscesso, histerectomia subtotal, anexectomia esquerda e salpingectomia direita. Cultura do abscesso identificou cocos gram positivos catalase negativo, com sensibilidade à optoquina, caracterizando S. pneumoniae. O teste de sensibilidade indicou tratar-se de cepa multissensível e o isolado foi enviado para sorotipagem. Paciente apresentou evolução favorável e teve alta hospitalar sete dias após a internação, com antibioticoterapia oral. O acometimento do trato genital feminino por pneumococo incomum, visto sua inibição pelo pH vaginal. Os casos de DIP por este patógeno ocorrem predominantemente por disseminação hematogênica secundária a bacteremia ou após procedimentos cirúrgicos. PVHIV, em especial aquelas com contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ menor que 200 células/ul, têm maior risco de desenvolver infecções pneumocócicas invasivas, com uma incidência 46-100 vezes maior que na população em geral. Por esta razão, o programa nacional de imunizações prevê a vacinação de pessoas imunossuprimidas com as vacinas antipneumocócicas 13 e 23. A paciente do caso apresentava adesão irregular à terapia antirretroviral, o que confere um status inflamatório maior e não estava vacinada, fatores que podem ter contribuído para seu adoecimento.

ABSTRACT: Chrysin flavonoid has been presented as having numerous and promising bioactive effects, such as antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antihyperlipidemic, and antidepressant. However, one of the main challenges for advances in studies on the bioactivity of chrysin is its low bioavailability in humans. Thus, aiming to overcome this barrier, several studies have demonstrated the bioactive potential of capsules containing chrysin. The objective of this review was to present the main methodologies used for the encapsulation of chrysin, and its main biological effects demonstrated so far. Our intention is to offer ways to advancement of research in the area of flavonoid encapsulation. As for the encapsulation techniques, it was found that they are diverse, and the most recurrent encapsulating agents were PEG, PLGA polymers and their derivatives, in addition to other agents, such as PCL, albumin, lipids and chitosan.The bioactive effects of the capsules are also numerous, and anticarcinogenic effects are the most frequent, in addition to other effects such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial and neuroprotective. In conclusion, we verified a lack of use of green techniques for the encapsulation of chrysin, and the production of lipid-water emulsions and the dissolution of chrysin in ethanol seems to be alternatives in this regard. In addition, bioactive potential of these capsules can be evaluated in other experimental models, and should advance to clinical trials and application in food formulations.

Technological evolution survey allowed the broad use of 2D mathematical models for flood simulation. However, it is possible that the answer required for a given problem does not need a 2D approximation or even does not configure a 2D surface solution. Urban flood simulations may fall in this second case, since urban structures may interact with flood flows and introduce discontinuities in the surface solution. This study aims to highlight the discussion about the physical interpretation and the modeller role as key elements in the interpretation and representation of physical systems. To support this proposal, the MODCEL, a Quasi-2D flow-cell model, was used in two different ways: in a detailed raster approach, similarly to usual 2D model uses; and in an alternative conceptual and interpretive way, using larger cells representing homogeneous portions of the territory. The modelling results showed that equivalent responses can be obtained. Although other models can be used and could offer different absolute results, the relative analysis offered sufficient support to the research hypothesis that a physical-based process conducted by a conscient modeller is crucial for model reliability and optimization. HIGHLIGHTS Interpreting the physical reality and recognizing model simplifications are key points to guarantee simulation quality.; How much of a detailed model is really needed to produce proper answers?; The use of Quasi-2D flow models built in a conceptual and interpretive way can be an alternative to the use of more complex and data demanding 2D models.;

Etoricoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with high selectivity for cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), exerting a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect with fewer adverse events when compared to COX-1 inhibitors. The present study aimed to evaluate the bioequivalence between two etoricoxib-coated tablet formulations to meet regulatory requirements for a branded generic product registration in Brazil. A crossover study with an open-label, randomized design and a single-dose regimen with two treatments and two periods was conducted on healthy Brazilians of both genders. Subjects randomly received a single dose of a 90 mg etoricoxib coated tablet of test product Xumer® 90 mg (Adium S.A.) and the reference product Arcoxia® 90 mg (Merck Sharp & Dohme Farmacêutica Ltda.) under fasting conditions separated by a 14-day period. Blood samples were collected sequentially for up to 96 h following drug administration, and the concentrations of etoricoxib in plasma were determined using a validated UPLC-MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were computed utilizing non-compartmental analysis methods. A total of 32 healthy subjects were enrolled, and 25 subjects completed the study. Geometric mean ratios (90% confidence intervals) for Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-inf were 103.98% (95.63–113.06), 96.82% (91.82–102.09), and 95.79% (90.70–101.16), respectively. In accordance with regulatory standards, the test formulation (Xumer® 90 mg) has been deemed bioequivalent to the reference product (Arcoxia® 90 mg). As a result, these formulations can be considered interchangeable in clinical practice, with both proving to be safe and well-tolerated. The need for in vivo testing for the Xumer® 60 mg strength was waived due to the proportional similarity of the formulations and the similar in vitro dissolution profiles observed across the various strengths.

Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) has become an important prognostic and predictive biomarker for patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer who may benefit from poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) and platinum-based therapies. HRD testing provides relevant information to personalize patients’ treatment options and has been progressively incorporated into diagnostic laboratories. Here, we assessed the performance of an in-house HRD testing system deployable in a diagnostic clinical setting, comparing results from two commercially available next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based tumor tests (SOPHiA DDMTM HRD Solution and AmoyDx® (HRD Focus Panel)) with the reference assay from Myriad MyChoice® (CDx). A total of 85 ovarian cancer samples were subject to HRD testing. An overall strong correlation was observed across the three assays evaluated, regardless of the different underlying methods employed to assess genomic instability, with the highest pairwise correlation between Myriad and SOPHiA (R = 0.87, p-value = 3.39 × 10−19). The comparison of the assigned HRD status to the reference Myriad’s test revealed a positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 90.9% and 96.3% for SOPHiA’s test, while AmoyDx’s test achieved 75% PPV and 100% NPV. This is the largest HRD testing evaluation using different methodologies and provides a clear picture of the robustness of NGS-based tests currently offered in the market. Our data shows that the implementation of in-house HRD testing in diagnostic laboratories is technically feasible and can be reliably performed with commercial assays. Also, the turnaround time is compatible with clinical needs, making it an ideal alternative to offer to a broader number of patients while maintaining high-quality standards at more accessible price tiers.

A obesidade está entre os principais problemas de saúde pública da atualidade. A preocupação se deve, principalmente, pelo aumento descontrolado da sua prevalência nas últimas décadas, e às suas terríveis consequências, como um maior risco de desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas, como diabete mellitus, hipertensão arterial e dislipidemia. Sabe-se que uma das formas de evitar a obesidade é através da prática regular de atividade física. Nos jovens, na maioria das vezes, o que se observa é um alto índice de sedentarismo, facilitando o desenvolvimento de excesso de peso. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o nível de atividade física, por meio do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) e a prevalência de obesidade e sobrepeso, por meio do cálculo do IMC, de acadêmicas regularmente matriculadas na faculdade de nutrição da Universidade de Rio Verde-UniRV, e compará-los, afim de investigar se existe uma relação entre eles, além de analisar esses índices em relação aos turnos de estudo. Como resultado, observou-se, por meio do IMC, que 15,4% das participantes apresentaram-se com sobrepeso, e nenhuma com obesidade. Além disso, quanto ao nível de atividade física, 43,1% das estudantes foram classificadas como insuficientemente ativas. Concluiu-se que não houve relação entre o IMC e o nível de atividade física dessas acadêmicas, porém, em relação aos turnos de estudo, no turno noturno, houve uma maior média de IMC, mas um menor índice de inatividade física, quando comparado ao turno matutino.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Although bariatric surgery is today’s gold standard treatment for obesity, weight regain affects the success rate of the procedure. Recent studies have identified psychiatric and neurological factors as possible causes. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of psychiatric diseases on the outcome and long-term success of bariatric surgeries and find a weight regain threshold that has an acceptable sensibility to mental health-related issues to be used in research and clinical studies. METHODS: This is a observational study of bariatric patients submitted to Roux-en-Y bypass or sleeve gastrectomy, with a postoperative time of 2–10 years to access weight regain, depression, and binge-eating disorder. RESULTS: Of 217 patients studied, 163 were women and 54 were men, with an average postoperative time of 5.2±2.6 years. Weight regain was experienced in 35% of the patients, binge-eating disorder in 24.9%, and depression in 24%. The greater weight before surgery, body mass index (BMI), percentage increase to maximum weight loss, and time postoperatively all have a significant positive correlation with weight regain (p=0.045, p=0.026, p

Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade do sono e os fatores associados em idosos não-institucionalizados em Rio Verde, Goiás. Método: estudo epidemiológico, transversal e de base populacional, realizado com idosos participantes do Projeto da Terceira Idade, realizado pela Universidade de Rio Verde, entre abril e maio de 2019. A coleta de dados ocorreu com aplicação de três instrumentos, questionário com dados sociodemográficos, Questionário de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh e Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. Para análise dos dados utilizou os testes qui-quadrado e Mantel-Haenszel. Resultados: foram analisados 73 idosos, dentre os quais 67,1% apresentaram índices ruins de qualidade do sono. Ser do sexo feminino, solteiro ou viúvo, ter baixa escolaridade, não estar aposentado e não usar medicações para dormir apresentou associação significativamente relevante com a má qualidade do sono (p

This article investigates how to make the implementation of blue-green infrastructure (BGI) more attractive to solve urban problems in densely occupied watersheds that lack flood control and environmental quality protection infrastructure. Considering the obstacles related to implementing multifunctional solutions in developing countries, measuring its co-benefits (in addition to flood control) may influence greater public and political acceptance. Thus, the paper uses a multifunctional design approach using the urban open space system and combining the blue-green and gray infrastructure. A hydrodynamic model was used to support flood mapping. This approach also increases the land value and the environmental quality of the urban spaces. Two quantitative aspects support this evaluation. The first one represents the land value increase as a positive effect, while the second one assesses the environmental quality of the urban space using the Environmental Quality Assessment Index (EQAI). The results obtained from the urban and environmental evaluation proved that blue and green corridors could promote multiple co-benefits for consolidated urban areas. The increased environmental quality and land value were only possible due to the combined use of BGI and gray infrastructure since BGI can add benefits that the gray infrastructure is not capable of providing. HIGHLIGHTS This work aims to offer a sustainable alternative to urban watersheds.; BGI was combined with gray infrastructure in a design alternative.; Two BGI co-benefits were assessed: land value increase and environmental quality.; A representative area of the watershed was positively impacted by the design alternative.; The proposed measures directly impact the reduction of socio-environmental vulnerabilities.;

The current scenario of Agroforestry Systems (AFS) worldwide lacks specific machinery, resulting in practically all operations being carried out manually. This leads to a significant physical effort for small-scale farmers and limits the implementation of AFS to small areas. The objective of the study was to evaluate the suitability of existing machines for performing agroforestry tasks. This research utilizes Descriptive Statistics and Exponentially Weighted Moving Average methods to evaluate the data and compare the treatments, where different machines are used to cut Mombaça grass (Megathyrsus maximus Jacq): (i) costal brushcutter (CBC); (ii) tractor-mounted rotary brushcutter (RBC); and (iii) mini grain reaper machine (GRM). The experiments were conducted in Jaguariúna, São Paulo, Brazil. GRM is recommended for achieving greater biomass production, reducing raking time, and minimizing operational costs. CBC is suitable for smaller areas due to its affordability and slow operation, which requires significant physical effort. RBC is recommended for reducing working time, physical effort, and personnel costs, making it suitable for larger-scale contexts.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to describe morphology and grouping of Paspalum notatum accessions, based on multicategorical data which discards the redundant variables for quantification of genetic diversity. We also tested the hypothesis that geographical distance was correlated with morphological divergence. In our study, multivariate analyzes successfully demonstrated the geographic and morphological variability of the P. notatum accessions characterized. Many of these evaluated accessions can be included in future genetic improvement programs. Based on two methodologies for discarding variables, it was possible to identify the potentially important morphological characteristics from genetic diversity studies and characterize new accessions aimed at improving forage and seed production. The methodologies used to discard variables are biometric tools that can be used successfully in future plant breeding programs, especially when a large number of traits and accessions are being evaluated. Although significant, geographic distance had a low association with morphological traits. This indicated the need to use other characteristics, such as forage and seed yield, in addition to molecular analysis. Our analyzes showed genetic variability in P. notatum for all the characteristics studied.

Methylphenidate hydrochloride is used to treat children, adolescents, and adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Multiphasic release formulation has been used to control drug levels, mainly during children’s school period. This study aimed to evaluate the bioequivalence between two methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets to meet regulatory requirements for registration in Brazil. Two independent studies (under fasting and fed conditions) designed as open-label, randomized, single-dose, two-period, two-way crossover trials were conducted in healthy subjects of both genders. Subjects were enrolled and randomly received a single dose of the test formulation methylphenidate hydrochloride 54 mg extended-release tablet (Consiv®, Adium S.A., São Paulo, Brazil) or the reference formulation (Concerta®, Janssen-Cilag Farmacêutica Ltd., São Paulo, Brazil), in each period, with a 7-day washout interval. Serial blood samples were collected up to 24 h post dose and methylphenidate plasma concentrations were obtained using a validated LC-MS/MS method. A total of 96 healthy subjects were enrolled in the fasting study, of which 80 completed the study. For the fed study, 52 healthy subjects were enrolled, and 46 subjects completed it. In both studies, 90% confidence intervals for Cmax, AUC0–t, AUC0–inf, and partial AUCs were within the acceptable limits of 80.00 to 125.00%. Thus, according to regulatory requirements, the test formulation (Consiv®) was considered to be bioequivalent to the reference formulation (Concerta®) in both conditions (fasting and fed) and, therefore, it can be considered interchangeable in clinical practice. Both formulations were safe and well tolerated in single-dose administration.

Abstract Background The term sepsis is used to designate a systemic condition of infection and inflammation associated with hemodynamic changes that result in organic dysfunction. Gestational sepsis can impair the development of the central nervous system and may promote permanent behavior alterations in the offspring. The aim of our work was to evaluate the effects of maternal sepsis on inflammatory cytokine levels and synaptic proteins in the hippocampus, neocortex, frontal cortex, and cerebellum of neonatal, young, and adult mice. Additionally, we analyzed the motor development, behavioral features, and cognitive impairments in neonatal, young and adult offspring. Methods Pregnant mice at the 14th embryonic day (E14) were intratracheally instilled with saline 0.9% solution (control group) or Klebsiella spp. (3 × 108 CFU) (sepsis group) and started on meropenem after 5 h. The offspring was sacrificed at postnatal day (P) 2, P8, P30, and P60 and samples of liver, lung, and brain were collected for TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 measurements by ELISA. Synaptophysin, PSD95, and β-tubulin levels were analyzed by Western blot. Motor tests were performed at all analyzed ages and behavioral assessments were performed in offspring at P30 and P60. Results Gestational sepsis induces a systemic pro-inflammatory response in neonates at P2 and P8 characterized by an increase in cytokine levels. Maternal sepsis induced systemic downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while in the hippocampus, neocortex, frontal cortex, and cerebellum an inflammatory response was detected. These changes in the brain immunity were accompanied by a reduction of synaptophysin and PSD95 levels in the hippocampus, neocortex, frontal cortex, and cerebellum, in all ages. Behavioral tests demonstrated motor impairment in neonates, and depressive-like behavior, fear-conditioned memory, and learning impairments in animals at P30 and P60, while spatial memory abilities were affected only at P60, indicating that gestational sepsis not only induces an inflammatory response in neonatal mouse brains, but also affects neurodevelopment, and leads to a plethora of behavioral alterations and cognitive impairments in the offspring. Conclusion These data suggest that maternal sepsis may be causatively related to the development of depression, learning, and memory impairments in the litter.

Objetivo: investigar a influência da laserterapia de baixa potência na dor, flexibilidade da coluna lombar e força muscular de preensão palmar em mulheres com fibromialgia. Método: este estudo é um ensaio clínico de natureza quali-quantitativa desenvolvido no município de Rio Verde, Goiás. Inicialmente 30 mulheres com fibromialgia foram previamente selecionadas para o estudo com tratamento a laser, porém apenas 19 fizeram todas as sessões de laserterapia. Além disso, essas mulheres responderam um questionário com dados pessoais, e foram analisadas pela Escala Visual Analógica de dor, Teste de Schober e Teste de força muscular de preensão palmar. Resultados: a quantidade de pontos dolorosos (p=0,002) e a Escala Visual Analógica de dor (p=0,03) diminuíram após tratamento com laser, a força muscular nos membros superiores esquerdo (p=0,053) e direito (p=0,041) aumentou após a terapia. Para o Teste de flexibilidade Schober (p=0,075) não houve alteração estatística significativa. Conclusão: a laserterapia se mostrou eficaz para o tratamento da fibromialgia principalmente no que se refere a dor.

O artigo apresenta dados e análises sobre a produção orgânica e agroecológica na cidade de São Paulo, no contexto da discussão sobre transição agroecológica. Os métodos são levantamentos de dados secundários e entrevistas. É apresentado um mapa síntese configurando a ação combinada de movimentos socioespaciais e socioterritoriais pela agroecologia na cidade de São Paulo e Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. São discutidos os conceitos de agroecologia, agricultura urbana e periurbana (AUP) e de movimentos socioespaciais e socioterritoriais como ferramentas de análise. A ação combinada de movimentos socioespaciais e socioterritoriais é necessária para a expansão da agroecologia.

Os Museus de Ciências são considerados espaços educativos com particularidades que aproximam suas perspectivas das políticas públicas de difusão e popularização das ciências. Mas, em países como o Brasil onde a cultura de visitação a Museus de Ciências não é muito forte, constata-se uma grande concentração de visitantes pertencentes ao grupo dos professores e estudantes da educação básica, dificultando a aproximação dos museus com o público em geral. Este fato tem atraído a atenção de alguns pesquisadores e favorecido a consolidação de estudos e pesquisas com interesse na relação Museu-Escola. Neste artigo apresentamos os resultados de uma pesquisa que objetivou investigar a relação Museu-Escola considerada a perspectiva da influencia que o público escolar pode exercer nas atividades museais. Desenvolvida no contexto do Museu Vivo da Ciência e do Espaço Energia em Campina Grande/PB a pesquisa de natureza qualitativa partiu da hipótese de um possível processo de escolarização dos museus e, a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas orientadas aos coordenadores e monitores dos referidos espaços, procurou identificar traços característicos dessa influência e, ao mesmo tempo, discutir as implicações que esse processo pode causar naqueles espaços educativos. Os resultados apontaram que a presença de um público majoritariamente escolar introduz modificações nos discursos dos monitores e coordenadores, de modo que os Museus de Ciências, teoricamente orientados para atrair e dialogar com o público em geral, terminam por adequar o seu discurso, as suas práticas e a estrutura de funcionamento, aos sistemas formais de educação.

Background: Why the adaptive immune system turns against citrullinated antigens in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and whether anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) contribute to pathogenesis are questions that have triggered intense research, but still are not fully answered. Neutrophils may be crucial in this context, both as sources of citrullinated antigens and also as targets of ACPAs. To better understand how ACPAs and neutrophils contribute to RA, we studied the reactivity of a broad spectrum of RA patient-derived ACPA clones to activated or resting neutrophils, and we also compared neutrophil binding using polyclonal ACPAs from different patients. Methods: Neutrophils were activated by Ca2+ ionophore, PMA, nigericin, zymosan or IL-8, and ACPA binding was studied using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The roles of PAD2 and PAD4 were studied using PAD-deficient mice or the PAD4 inhibitor BMS-P5. Results: ACPAs broadly targeted NET-like structures, but did not bind to intact cells or influence NETosis. We observed high clonal diversity in ACPA binding to neutrophil-derived antigens. PAD2 was dispensable, but most ACPA clones required PAD4 for neutrophil binding. Using ACPA preparations from different patients, we observed high patient-to-patient variability in targeting neutrophil-derived antigens and similarly in another cellular effect of ACPAs, the stimulation of osteoclast differentiation. Conclusions: Neutrophils can be important sources of citrullinated antigens under conditions that lead to PAD4 activation, NETosis and the extrusion of intracellular material. A substantial clonal diversity in targeting neutrophils and a high variability among individuals in neutrophil binding and osteoclast stimulation suggest that ACPAs may influence RA-related symptoms with high patient-to-patient variability.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) net cage farming on methane (CH4) emission in a Brazilian tropical reservoir through the quantification of spatial and seasonal variations of diffusive and ebullitive CH4 emissions. To explain the variability of CH4 emission, a hierarchical identification of limnologic and atmospheric parameters was used. A significant increase in diffusive emissions from net cage sites (33.4 ± 54.9 mg CCH4 m−2 d−1) was observed when compared to the sites before (4.4 ± 9.4 mg CCH4 m−2 d−1) and after (6.2 ± 15.6 mg CCH4 m−2 d−1) the net cages. Also, significant increase of ebullitive emissions was also observed from the net cage sites (2,417.1 ± 2,040.7 mg CCH4 m−2 d−1) when compared to the average emissions from sites before (1.1 ± 2.1 mg CCH4 m−2 d−1) and after (88.7 ± 92.6 mg CCH4 m−2 d−1). Results showed a decrease in average CH4 emissions towards the sites after the net cages in all sampled areas which suggests that the influence of tilapia fish farming is local. The highest averages in the reservoir areas for diffusive and ebullitive CH4 emissions were observed in areas with higher production of tilapia. Finally, seasonal variation was observed on diffuse CH4 emission. High concentrations of carbon and phosphorus in water and sediment were the main drivers for increasing diffusive and ebullitive methane emissions. Our findings provide valuable information that tilapia net cage farming in reservoirs can be associated with local and dispersive increased methane emissions.

The urban drainage system plays an important role in the urban infrastructure resilience discussion. Its functional failures can trigger cascading effects on other urban systems and critical infrastructures. The main aim of this work is to investigate and quantify urban flood resilience, offering an integrated methodological approach. In this process, the flooding consequences were quantified by hydrodynamic simulations, using a case study in an exploratory research method. A set of indicators was proposed to map the cascading effects generated by floods and the consequent quantification of urban flooding resilience. Two simulation scenarios were proposed to validate the methodological assessment framework proposed in this work. The first scenario represented the current flooding situation and showed the negative effects on the city systems resulting from disordered urban growth. The second scenario considered the improvement of the drainage behavior, considering a sustainable urban drainage approach supported by the concept of blue-green infrastructure integrated with the urban open spaces system. A comprehensive flood resilience assessment over time was conducted by analyzing the evolution of the System Integrity Index on both scenarios. The results showed that water dynamics play an important role in ordering land use and that preserving water spaces can efficiently respond to urban developing threats, dealing with floods in an earlier development moment, proving the importance of the drainage system as a preliminary structuring driver for supporting a sustainable urban planning, ordered according to environmental constraints defined by water dynamics.

Risk can be defined as the relationship between the likelihood of a hazard causing a potential disaster and its consequences. This study aims to assess the likelihood that a new industrial region, located in the state of São Paulo (Brazil), will be flooded, causing the disruption of the mobility system and local economic activities. To fulfill this aim, a new approach is proposed by combining the vector information of the highway network that serves the region with the result of a quasi 2-D raster flood model, generating a set of interpreting rules for classifying the safety of routes. The model called MODCEL is a quasi-2D hydrodynamic model that represents the watershed using compartments called cells, and it was adapted to work using a raster file format in which each pixel is represented as a flow cell connected to its surroundings by the Saint-Venant equations without the inertia terms. Therefore, this study proposes an assessment framework that can be replicated for similar problems of flood risks to mobility. The possible effects of flood events on the accessibility to areas of interest are determined, indicating a possible disruption to economic activities and transportation and allowing for planning alternatives in advance.

Os túneis são fundamentais na infraestrutura de transportes, serviços e outros setores e atividades da sociedade. Construídos com diferentes tecnologias em épocas e ambientes diversos, os túneis enfrentam muitos desafios associados ao longo período de serviço, tais como a deterioração da estrutura, intemperismo do maciço, variação das condições do entorno, evolução de requisitos de operação e segurança. A garantia do uso contínuo e eficiente desses ativos exige gestão e manutenção da estrutura, além de conhecimento técnico das suas características e comportamento no tempo. Este trabalho procura fornecer uma visão geral da importância da gestão e manutenção de túneis antigos e modernos, apresentando informações e orientações para inspeções, identificação de patologias, mecanismos de alteração da estrutura e entorno, técnicas de intervenções típicas para a solução/mitigação de problemas. O tema é finalizado com a apresentação de casos práticos de túneis históricos antigos e túneis modernos. As anomalias foram identificadas e submetidas a reparos, garantindo a maior vida útil e segurança de operação das estruturas.

Mercury (Hg) biomagnification in fish food chains is a relevant subject due to the high fish consumption of the Amazonian population and the high toxicity of this metal. In the Amazon, floodplain lake hydrodynamics change considerably along the four seasons of the hydrological cycle (rising water, high water, falling water and low water), which can influence Hg bioaccumulation in fish. The main aim of this study was to evaluate if Hg biomagnification is influenced by seasonality in a floodplain lake (Puruzinho Lake) in the Brazilian Amazon. Additionally, the influence of food chain modeling on measurement of Hg biomagnification was tested. Hg concentrations and stable isotope signatures (carbon and nitrogen) were estimated in four species, Mylossoma duriventre (herbivorous), Prochilodus nigricans (detritivorous), Cichla pleiozona (piscivorous) and Serrasalmus rhombeus (piscivorous). The “trophic magnification slope” (TMS) of the food chain composed by the four species was calculated and compared among the four seasons. There was no significant seasonal variation in TMS among rising water, high water, falling water and low water seasons (p = 0.08), suggesting that Hg biomagnification does not change seasonally. However, there was significant variation in TMS among different food chain models. Lower TMS was observed in a food chain composed of detritivorous and piscivorous fish (0.20) in comparison with a food chain composed of the four species (0.26). The results indicate food chain modeling influences TMS results.

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar quantitativamente a trajetória da pobreza no Brasil e na metrópole do Rio de Janeiro, considerando o período de 1976 a 2015, tendo em vista as mudanças estruturais ocorridas na economia e na sociedade brasileira e as particularidades do contexto metropolitano. A linha de pobreza utilizada foi definida segundo o dobro do nível de renda suficiente para a aquisição de uma cesta de alimentos necessária para garantir a reprodução cotidiana do indivíduo. Pudemos observar que a taxa de pobreza variou de acordo com a conjuntura econômica com diferenças de níveis e de intensidade entre a metrópole e o país. Atualmente, as pessoas em situação de pobreza, ao contrário de décadas atrás, em geral, estão mais jovens/adultas, possuem níveis de instrução mais elevados e exercem ocupações que representam posições sociais mais destacadas na estrutura social, o que pode ter implicações importantes nas mudanças de expectativas de superação dessa condição, em especial no contexto metropolitano.

The virus responsible for COVID-19 is designated “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2), a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus. Although people of all ages are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, clinical manifestations may vary with age. The response of neonates to SARS-CoV-2 infection or exposure differs from that of children and adults. Encephalitis due to viral infections in the central nervous system (CNS) and childhood multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) are some of the possible neonatal consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review aims to verify possible neonatal neurological outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, the cellular and molecular basis of the neurological sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in neonates remains unclear, and attempts to elucidate the pathophysiology of COVID-19 involve a comparison with the mechanism of other viral diseases. There are a considerable number of case reports in the literature exploring neurological outcomes in the neonatal period. In this review, we present possible effects of SARS-CoV-2 in neonates, emphasizing the importance of monitoring this group. The mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the CNS have not yet been fully elucidated, and the potential severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates, as well as the possible short- and long-term neurological sequelae, remain unclear.

O trabalho objetivou analisar as práticas, as finalidades e os sentidos construídos pelos professores e professoras ao se organizarem. Desse modo, centrou-se no escrutínio da Liga de Professores, realizando um levantamento de suas atividades através de publicações sobre a entidade em treze jornais, entre os anos de 1919 e 1937. Percebeu-se a recorrência do discurso pela união como algo que traria benefícios para a categoria, além do reconhecimento dessas entidades enquanto um órgão educacional, o que representou, empiricamente, a construção de redes de sociabilidade e a circularidade de professores e professoras para além das associações docentes, estabelecendo uma relação entre o movimento operário e outros espaços em disputa.

Phosphate fertilizers used in planted forests mainly come from scarce and non-renewable sources, and there is a need for new sources of phosphorus (P). An alternative is the use of sewage sludge (SS), rich in organic matter, nitrogen, and P. The objectives were to evaluate the soil P availability and its effect on wood production in 22-month-old Eucalyptus urograndis plantation treated with SS. A field experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design, four replicates, with the following treatments: control without fertilization; mineral fertilization (MF); 14.5 Mg ha–1 of SS + 22 kg ha–1 of P (S1P1); 29 Mg ha–1 of SS (S2); 29 Mg ha–1 of SS + 17.5 kg ha–1 of P (S2P2); and 43.5 Mg ha–1 of SS (S3), dry base. Of the total P in SS, 65% was in organic form and 42% was in labile + moderately labile forms. S2P2 and S3 positively altered the pattern of soil P distribution, with more P in the labile and moderately labile fractions than in the non-labile fraction, along 0–20 cm depths, than MF and control. There were higher microbial and available P as a function of SS dose. Wood volume and biomass were highly related to soil P availability as a function of SS dose. Within the SS treatments, S2P2 resulted in higher gains of volume and biomass of wood. The SS application at the recommend rate, supplemented with 66% of recommended P fertilizer dose in Eucalyptus plantations, can reduce the use of P fertilizer by 33% and N fertilizer by 100% and maintain comparable soil P availability and wood production.

The impact of exotic species on heterogeneous native tropical forest requires the understanding on which temporal and spatial scales these processes take place. Functional tracers such as carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic composition in the soil-plant system might help track the alterations induced by the exotic species. Thus, we assess the effects from the removal of the exotic species eucalyptus (Corymbia cytriodora) in an Atlantic forest Reserve, and eucalyptus removal on the alteration of the nutrient dynamics (carbon and nitrogen). The hypotheses were: (1) the eucalyptus permanence time altered δ13C and δ15N in leaves, soils and litter fractions (leaves, wood, flowers + fruits, and rest); and (2) eucalyptus removal furthered decomposition process of the soil organic matter. Hence, we determined the soil granulometry, the δ13C and δ15N in leaves, in the superficial soil layer, and litter in three sites: a secondary forest in the Atlantic forest, and other two sites where eucalyptus had been removed in different times: 12 and 3 months ago (M12 and M3, respectively). Litter samples presented intermediate δ13C and δ15N values in comparison with leaves and soil. In the M3, the greater δ13C values in both litter rest fraction and soil indicate the presence, cycling and soil incorporation of C, coming from the C4 photosynthesis of grassy species (Poaceae). In the secondary forest, the soil δ15N values were twice higher, compared with the eucalyptus removal sites, revealing the negative influence from these exotic species upon the ecosystem N dynamics. In the M12, the leaves presented higher δ13C mean value and lower δ15N values, compared with those from the other sites. The difference of δ13C values in the litter fractions regarding the soil led to a greater fractioning of 13C in all sites, except the flower + fruit fractions in the secondary forest, and the rest fraction in the M3 site. We conclude that the permanence of this exotic species and the eucalyptus removal have altered the C and N isotopic and elemental compositions in the soil-plant system. Our results suggest there was organic matter decomposition in all litter fractions and in all sites. However, a greater organic matter decomposition process was observed in the M3 soil, possibly because of a more intense recent input of vegetal material, as well as the presence of grassy, easily-decomposing herbaceous species, only in this site. Therefore, the dual-isotope approach generated a more integrated picture of the impact on the ecosystem after removing eucalyptus in this secondary Atlantic forest, and could be regarded as an option for future eucalyptus removal studies.

Este trabalho visa analisar o papel educativo da série Anne with an E por via dos enfrentamentos que surgem na vida de sua personagem principal, “Anne”. Para tanto, a operação metodológica se deu a partir da análise dos discursos abordados nos episódios retratados na série. Acreditamos que o seu alcance extrapola o campo do entretenimento, funcionando, também, como um recurso educacional por trazer problemáticas que envolvem discussões sociais abordadas na atualidade, bem como pelo alcance cognitivo afetivo (ALBUQUERQUE JR, 2016) que a produção cinematográfico-televisiva pode proporcionar. A própria trajetória da personagem – da infância à adolescência – nos remete a um universo de aprendizados, explícito no processo de amadurecimento e descobertas, que podem se tornar temáticas de trabalho em sala de aula, à luz da História da Educação. Entrelaçados a isso, insurge um contexto de enfrentamentos, elucidado nas figuras de diferentes personagens que vão surgindo ao longo da narrativa, que enfrentam questões em torno da sexualidade, de questões étnico-raciais, além da discussão de gênero, um debate central na história de Anne with an E.

A finalidade da presente nota científica é apresentar formas de utilização da abordagem denominada “LET US Play” / “Deixe-nos jogar”. O LET US Play visa maximizar a atividade física (especialmente a de moderada a vigorosa intensidade) das crianças e adolescentes, propondo a modificação de esportes, brincadeiras e jogos tradicionais. Considerando-se que a prática de atividades físicas vem diminuindo entre os jovens e o tempo reservado para as aulas de Educação física nas escolas é insuficiente para atingir níveis recomendados de atividade física para saúde, essa abordagem pode ser usada pelos professores como uma ferramenta para aumentar o tempo e a intensidade dos jogos e brincadeiras comumente praticados no Brasil.

O Microcrédito pode cumprir um papel estratégico no campo das políticas públicas de trabalho e renda, visto não como uma política compensatória, mas como elemento de uma perspectiva mais ampla de integração de empreendimentos populares ou de pequeno porte no processo de desenvolvimento. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o Programa Crediamigo do Banco do Nordeste do Brasil, com enfoque na geração de emprego e renda, verificando suas características e sistemática, bem como comparando-o com outros programas de microcrédito no Brasil e na América Latina, para apontar suas vantagens. A pesquisa desenvolvida para esse fim foi natureza essencialmente qualitativa, sendo um estudo de caso, de caráter descritivo, em que os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de questionário aos seis gestores das instituições de microcrédito cadastradas no SEBRAE-RN para intermediar a modalidade de crédito em estudo. Os dados foram tratados por meio de análise descritiva. Os principais resultados são: o programa facilita o acesso ao crédito a empreendedores que desenvolvem atividades relacionadas à produção; alguns paradigmas foram quebrados, tais como, os clientes que ganham pouco não pagam seus empréstimos, a baixa inadimplência demonstra o inverso e que os empreendimentos são lucrativos a ponto de atrair investimentos privados.

Abstract Cyanobacteria is a remarkable group of prokaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms, with several genera capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen (N2) and presenting a wide range of morphologies. Although the nitrogenase complex is not present in all cyanobacterial taxa, it is spread across several cyanobacterial strains. The nitrogenase complex has also a high theoretical potential for biofuel production, since H2 is a by-product produced during N2 fixation. In this review we discuss the significance of a relatively wide variety of cell morphologies and metabolic strategies that allow spatial and temporal separation of N2 fixation from photosynthesis in cyanobacteria. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on 16S rRNA and nifD gene sequences shed light on the evolutionary history of the two genes. Our results demonstrated that (i) sequences of genes involved in nitrogen fixation (nifD) from several morphologically distinct strains of cyanobacteria are grouped in similarity with their morphology classification and phylogeny, and (ii) nifD genes from heterocytous strains share a common ancestor. By using this data we also discuss the evolutionary importance of processes such as horizontal gene transfer and genetic duplication for nitrogenase evolution and diversification. Finally, we discuss the importance of H2 synthesis in cyanobacteria, as well as strategies and challenges to improve cyanobacterial H2 production.

Nosso artigo pretende realizar uma abordagem crítica pouco explorada no debate sobre o livro Adeus ao Proletariado e sua tese sobre o fim do trabalho. Não visamos defender sua validade ou não, mas compreender os elementos metodológicos que levaram Gorz a abandonar quase completamente as teses centrais do marxismo. Este autor partilha um equívoco em comum com outros autores não dialéticos que compreendem de maneira simplista/linear a evolução das forças produtivas confundindo-se com a heterogeneidade e complexidade dos processos produtivos do século XX. Este é um dos motivos que levaram Gorz a propor um projeto emancipatório para além do trabalho social.

Justifica-se este artigo não propriamente pela problemática da judicialização das políticas públicas, mas sim pela teorização das políticas públicas que são valoradas pela norma constitucional num contexto realista do neoliberalismo. Assim, haveria algum impacto das escolhas constitucionais para as políticas públicas, no núcleo governamental? Qual o espaço que a norma constitucional pode preencher no direcionamento dos gestores públicos com vista à concretização das políticas públicas essenciais? Existe nos agentes políticos e públicos um sentido jurídico de Constituição progressista e suficiente para realizar as políticas públicas ou fatores reais ligados aos interesses políticos e econômicos imediatos preponderarem sobre a vontade de constituição na realização de políticas públicas? A Constituição Federal poderá ter caráter educativo ou, de alguma outra forma, ser dotada de efetividade social, sem a necessidade de judicialização, para o estabelecimento das politicas públicas? São perguntas abertas, que possibilitam diversos outros questionamentos e não demandam respostas necessariamente lineares. Para elas, talvez a Constituição dirigente se configure num horizonte também de educação política e venha a ter caráter elucidativo na articulação governamental, ao buscar cumprir com as políticas públicas, mas também, por outro lado, poderá estar rendida aos fatores reais de poder. Dessa forma, há de ser avaliada a celeuma do limite sociológico e político da norma constitucional tal qual instrumento da “vontade geral” no cumprimento das políticas públicas prioritárias. Portanto, importa a articulação entre fatores reais de poder e força normativa da constituição para verificar os pontos de estrangulamento das políticas públicas sociais elegidas como constitucionais.

This study evaluates the influence of physical and chemical characteristics of the water column in the processes that result in methane emissions in the Pantanal. Two surveys were conducted in 2009 and 2010, corresponding to the drought and flood seasons, respectively. The CH4 fluxes were determined using the static chamber technique. Environmental variables, such as depth, water temperature, pH, redox potential, dissolved oxygen and total dissolved solids were also measured. Diffusive and bubble flux presented an average value of 11.1 ± 13.5 mg CH4 m-2 d-1 e 275.9 ± 348.5 mg CH4 m-2 d-1, which is a value near those observed in other tropical flooded regions. Statistical t-tests have shown significant differences between drought and flood seasons (p ≤ 0.05). Diffusive fluxes represented about 87% of the total fluxes measured in drought. During the flood season there were more instances of bubble fluxes (77%). Statistical analysis (correlation and Principal Components Analysis) indicate that physical and chemical characteristics could affect methane fluxes. Diffusive fluxes correlated mainly with pH, redox potential and dissolved oxygen, which is in accordance with the increase of organic matter during flooding. Bubble fluxes measured during the drought season correlated mainly with water depth and temperature, pH and redox potential, which is an indication of an environment to suitable to the formation and liberation of the bubbles from sediment.

The aim of the present study was to bring additional evidence regarding a biopredictive dissolution medium containing 1% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) to predict the in vivo behavior of carbamazepine (CBZ) products. Twelve healthy volunteers took one immediate release (IR) dose of either test and reference formulations in a bioequivalence study (BE). Dissolution profiles were carried-out using the medium. Level A in vitro–in vivo correlations (IVIVC) were established using both one-step and two-step approaches as well as exploring the time-scaling approach to account for the differences in dissolution rate in vitro versus in vivo. A detailed step by step calculation was provided to clearly illustrate all the procedures. The results show additional evidence that the medium containing 1% SLS can be classified as a universal biopredictive dissolution tool, and that both of the approaches used to develop the IVIVC (one and two-steps) provide good in vivo predictability. Therefore, this biopredictive medium could be a highly relevant tool in Latin-American countries to ensure and check the quality of their CBZ marketed products for which BE studies were not requested by their regulatory health authorities.

Nas últimas décadas, a visão tradicional do projeto de drenagem vem sendo modificada por uma abordagem integrada de manejo sustentável das águas pluviais e planejamento urbano. Os sistemas de espaços livres surgem como atores de integração do ambiente, configurando oportunidades de criação de projetos multifuncionais, por exemplo, acumulando funções para soluções de drenagem, organização do crescimento urbano e união de áreas fragmentadas. O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a praça Xavier de Brito, localizada no bairro Tijuca, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Após reconhecimento do seu entorno e análise das áreas mais afetadas por inundações, optou-se por formalizar um percurso ao longo do Rio Maracanã, buscando melhorar a relação entre o espaço urbano e o rio, e estabelecer a integração dos espaços livres, conectando a praça Xavier de Brito às demais praças adjacentes. Além disso, foram propostas medidas de drenagem urbana sustentável ao longo do percurso escolhido, como a utilização de pavimentos permeáveis, jardins de chuva e bacias de detenção, por exemplo. A partir de modelagem matemática, foi analisada a resposta da região às inundações com a aplicação das medidas propostas.

ABSTRACT The land use characteristics of rural watersheds allow infiltration and consequent generation of groundwater flow, which constitutes a significant contribution to the hydrograph. Prior to this study, the MODCEL-COPPE/UFRJ model simulated only runoff, disregarding the losses occurred in rainfall-runoff process. Therefore, its application was more appropriate to urban watersheds, simulating flood events where surface flows prevail. This study aimed at representing the infiltration process and at incorporating the groundwater flow in the MODCEL’s structure, making feasible the rural watersheds simulation thus expanding its applicability as a hydrological model. A case study was performed in a 417 km2 subcatchment of Piabanha River, located at Petrópolis/RJ. It’s a predominantly rural watershed, with 80% of its area covered by forests. The model represented satisfactorily the seasonality and the magnitude of simulated recharges. In the parameter calibration procedure gave a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.75, comparing the calculated flows to the observed flows. During validation period, we obtained a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.76. The fit obtained was superior to that obtained in previous modeling of the same watershed by SMAP and MODCEL (previous version) and it was similar to TOPMODEL. In the hydrograph recession, new MODCEL presented R2 = 0.75, against 0.52 obtained in its previous version.

O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir com o debate acerca das desigualdades de renda do trabalho nas regiões metropolitanas brasileiras, incorporando nos seus determinantes explicativos a localização residencial dos indivíduos na metrópole. As desigualdades de renda são analisadas a partir do contraste de três modelos de regressão linear múltipla – Mincer, Credencialismo e sobre-educação –, segundo os dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), de 1998, 2003 e 2009. Constatamos que a localização residencial dos indivíduos na metrópole tem efeito na explicação das desigualdades de renda e pode ser avaliada pela dupla escala da divisão social do território, segundo os modelos núcleo-periferia e favela-não favela. A análise dessa dupla escala demonstrou-se importante para gerar elementos empíricos que nos permitissem construir hipóteses sobre os mecanismos que explicam as diferenças entre os indivíduos na obtenção de renda do trabalho, a partir das contribuições analíticas do campo disciplinar da sociologia urbana, em especial, referente às contribuições dos estudos sobre efeitos de vizinhança.