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Background: People with HIV-1 (PWH) age differently than the general population. Blood telomere length (BTL) attrition is a surrogate biomarker of immunosenescence and aging in PWH. BTL is reduced immediately after HIV-1 infection and recovers in PWH with long-term virologic suppression, but the extent of this recovery is unknown., Methods: This prospective 6-year observational study assessed the evolution of BTL in PWH who were virologically suppressed. A cross-sectional analysis additionally compared BTL with age- and sex-matched blood donors and sex-matched persons older than 60 years from a general population cohort. DNA from whole blood was isolated, and relative BTL was determined by monochrome quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay and expressed as the ratio of telomere to single-copy gene (T/S)., Results: A total of 128 PWH were included in the prospective 6-year observational study. These same 128 PWH (median age, 55 years; 27.3% women) were compared cross-sectionally at 6-year follow-up with 128 age- and gender-matched blood donors (median age, 55 years) and 128 gender-matched individuals older than 60 years from a general population cohort (median age, 70 years). An inverse correlation between age and BTL was observed. The median BTL of PWH was shorter than their matched blood donors (T/S, 1.07 [IQR, 0.95-1.17] vs 1.28 [IQR, 1.12-1.48]; P < .001) but longer than the elderly population (T/S, 0.89 [IQR, 0.77-0.98], P < .001). PWH experienced a BTL increase at 6 years of 2.9% (T/S, 1.04 vs 1.07; P = .002). In PWH, age was associated with a shorter BTL (coefficient, -0.007 45, SE = 0.002 04, P = .002) and baseline lower CD4 count with a gain in BTL (coefficient, -0.000 06, SE = 0.000 02, P = .004). Shorter baseline BTL (odds ratio, 0.91 [95% CI, .87-.94]; P < .001) and higher glucose levels (odds ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.02-1.07]; P = .003) were associated with a greater similarity of BTL to the elderly population., Conclusions: PWH with long-term virologic suppression experience a trend toward an increased BTL after 6 years of follow-up. Middle-aged people with long-term controlled HIV-1 have a shorter BTL than expected for their chronologic age but longer than that of people 15 years older in the general population., Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. J. C. reports personal fees from Gilead, Pfizer, and GSK outside the submitted work. B. R. declares personal fees from Gilead and nonfinancial support from ViiV Healthcare outside the submitted work. J. R. A. reports personal fees from Viiv, Janssen, Gilead, MSD, and Aelix outside the submitted work. R. M. reports personal fees from Gilead and ViiV outside the submitted work. All other authors report no potential conflicts., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.)

This case report details the management of a 79-year-old male with recurrent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus capitis bacteremia and endocarditis. The patient's clinical journey encompassed multiple hospital admissions, with challenges in managing endocarditis, pacemaker replacements, and potential cutaneous sources of infection. The treatment regimen included intravenous antibiotic therapy during hospitalization and suppressive antibiotic treatment upon discharge, alongside a decolonization strategy for his scalp lesions., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Introduction: Due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatment and vaccination during the last decades in Spain, epidemiological and prognosis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) may have changed., Methods: Retrospective review of CHB-HIV coinfected patients in a single reference center in Madrid until year 2019. We compared incidence, epidemiological and clinical characteristics according diagnosis period (before 2000, 2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014, 2015-2019). A retrospective longitudinal study was done to assess mortality, related risk factors and hepatic decompensation., Results: Out of 5452 PLHIV, 160 had CHB (prevalence 2.92%; 95%CI 2.5-3.4), 85.6% were men, median age 32.1 (27-37.2). Incidence rate did not change over the years (2.4/100 patients-year). PLHIV with CHB diagnosed before year 2000 (n = 87) compared with those diagnosed between 2015 and 2019 (n = 11) were more often native-Spanish (90.8% vs. 18.2%), had infected using intravenous drugs (55.2% vs. 0), were coinfected with hepatitis C (40% vs. 9.1%) or hepatitis delta virus (30.4% vs. 0) and had more severe liver disease (cirrhosis 24.1% vs. 0). After a median follow-up of 20.4 years, 23 patients died (7.1/1000 patients-year) and 19 had liver decompensation (4.9/1000 patients-year). All deaths and liver decompensation occurred in patients diagnosed before year 2010. Mortality was associated with higher liver fibrosis in Fibroscan® (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.09)., Conclusion: The epidemiology of CHB in PLHIV in our cohort is changing with less native Spanish, more sexually transmitted cases and less coinfection with other hepatotropic virus. Patients diagnosed before 2010 have worst prognosis related to higher grades of liver fibrosis., (Copyright © 2022 Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)