Search

This study aimed to determine if heifers induced to puberty had damage in reproductive performance compared with heifers that reach puberty naturally. Nellore heifers (n = 210) were weaned at 8 ± 0.7 mo of age were assigned to 42 feedlot pens according to BW (184 ± 1 kg). The diet was compounded by Tifton-85 haylage (18% CP; 55% TDN) ad libitum and supplement (4g/kg of BW; 25% CP; 60% TDN). Puberty and growth were assessed weekly. At 14 mo of age, 46 heifers reached puberty naturally (precocious heifers; PH) and 164 non-pubertal heifers were submitted to puberty induction with progesterone (P4) insert for 10 days and estradiol cypionate (0.5 mg) at P4 removal (puberty induction; PI). After fourteen days, all heifers were submitted to TAI. Heifers were considered pregnant at 20 days (P20) after AI when CL had blood flow < 25% of area (Power-Doppler). Pregnancy rate was also determined at 30 (P30) and 60 (P60) days after AI by embryo detection. Early (P20 – P30) and late (P30 – P60) embryonic loss were determined. Reproductive data were analyzed by GLIMMIX, and BW was analyzed using repeated measures over time (MIXED; SAS 9.3). The PH was heavier than PI from 8 to 16 mo of age, which BW was 296 and 285 ± 3 kg at 14 mo of age, respectively. At beginning of TAI, 88% of PI heifers had a CL. Pregnancy rate was similar (P > 0.05) between treatments, in which pregnancy rate at 20, 30 or 60 days after AI was 65, 47 and 43% for PH and 61, 53 and 48% for PI, respectively. Early (26 vs 14%) and late (9 vs 9%) embryonic loss were similar (P > 0.05) in PH and PI, respectively. In summary, natural or induced pubertal heifers had similar reproductive performance.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of narasin withdrawal on steers ruminal fermentation characteristics. Nellore steers [n = 30; initial body weight (BW) = 281 ± 21 kg] cannulated at the rumen were assigned to individual pens in a randomized complete block design according to their initial shrunk BW. The trial lasted 156 days, divided into 2 periods. The first period lasted 140 days and consisted of the daily supply of narasin. In the second period (last 16 days) the animals were not supplemented with narasin, when the residual effect of the additive was evaluated. The diet was composed by 99% haylage Tifton-85, and 1% concentrate used as a delivery vehicle for narasin. The experimental diets were: 1) no feed additives (CON); 2) 13 mg of narasin/kg of DM (N13); 3) 20 mg of narasin/kg of DM (N20). The dry matter intake (DMI) was evaluated daily and the ruminal fluid was obtained on day 0, 1, 3, 5, 8 and 16 after narasin withdrawal. The data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure, and the effect was considered significant when P ≤ 0.05. The DMI was not affected after narasin withdrawal (P ≥ 0.27). There was a treatment and day interaction after narasin removal for the molar ratio of acetate (P < 0.01), propionate (P < 0.01), ac:prop ratio (P < 0.01) and ammonia nitrogen (P = 0.03). The inclusion of narasin linearly reduced acetate (P < 0.01), increased propionate (P ≤ 0.04), and linearly decreased the ac:prop ratio (P < 0.01) up to 5 days after narasin withdrawal. Narasin linearly decreased ammonia nitrogen up to 1 day after withdrawal (P < 0.01). It is concluded that use of narasin results in a residual effect on the rumen fermentation process after removal of the additive from the diets.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o perfil laboratorial de idosos com fratura de fêmur proximal e verificar a relação dos dados com o desfecho da própria fratura e com o desfecho óbito. Métodos Estudo transversal de pacientes admitidos na emergência ortopédica de um hospital referência, entre os meses de fevereiro e abril de 2017, com fratura de fêmur proximal, por mecanismo de baixa energia, sendo coletados exames laboratoriais e de imagem. Foram excluídos do estudo pacientes com suspeita ou confirmação de fratura patológica. Resultados Foram avaliados 66 indivíduos, sendo 44 mulheres, todos com idade superior a 60 anos. A fratura transtrocantérica apresentou maior incidência no estudo (36). Alterações do hormônio da paratireoide (PTH) e da albumina foram significativos para óbito (p ≤ 0,05). O tempo de internação não foi fator significativo para óbito. Conclusões Alterações laboratoriais não estavam relacionadas ao desfecho de óbito. A albumina pode estar relacionada ao risco de óbito. Nenhum resultado laboratorial foi apontado como facilitador na geração de fraturas de fêmur proximal. Mais estudos são necessários para poder entender melhor a influência do quadro laboratorial do paciente na ocorrência de fraturas e suas consequências.

Experimento 1: Quarenta novilhos nelore (Bos indicus), castrados, providos de cânulas no saco dorsal do rúmen foram distribuídos em blocos completos casualizados de acordo com o peso corporal em jejum de sólidos e líquidos (230,47 ± 0,59 kg). Os animais foram alimentados com dieta de elevado teor de concentrados durante 42 dias, subdivididos em 2 períodos de 21 dias, durante o primeiro período os animais receberam a dieta de adaptação (step-up) e o segundo período a dieta de terminação. Os tratamentos experimentais foram Controle (CON; sem aditivo), Narasina (NN; 13 ppm de narasina adaptação e terminação), Monensina (MM; 25 ppm de monensina na adaptação e terminação), Narasina+ Monensina (NM; 13 ppm de narasina na adaptação e 25 ppm de monensina na terminação) e Monensina+ Narasina (MN; 25 ppm de monensina na adaptação e 13 ppm de narasina na terminação). As doses utilizadas seguiram as recomendações dos fabricantes (NarasinaZimprova, Elanco® e MonensinaRumensin, Elanco® ). A inclusão de ionóforos na dieta durante o período de adaptação afetou (P = 0,02) o CMS dos animais em que o tratamento MM apresentou um consumo semelhante ao MN e diferente dos demais, o tratamento MN, por sua vez, foi semelhante à NN e CON e menor que NM. Os tratamentos não diferiram entre si durante o período de terminação (P = 0,45) e em CMS total (P = 0,15). Durante o período de digestibilidade o CMS não foi afetado (P=0,71)semelhante ao consumo de nutrientes como CMO (P = 0,81), CFDN (P = 0,51) e CFDA (P = 0,67) e a digestibilidade DGMS (P = 0,27), DGMO (P = 0,35), DGFDN (P = 0,22) e DGFDA (P = 0,46). Os parâmetros de fermentação ruminal como AGCC, pH e N-NH3 também não foram afetados pelas dietas experimentais. Experimento 2: cento e vinte novilhos nelore (Bos indicus), não castrados, foram blocados a partir do peso corporal em jejum de sólidos e liquidos (424,65 ± 5,43 Kg). Os animais foram alimentados diariamente com dietas de elevado teor de concentrados durante 105 dias, dividido em duas etapas: a fase de adaptação com duração de 21 dias e posteriormente a terminação de 84 dias. Os tratamentos experimentais foram Controle (CON; sem aditivo), Narasina (NN; 13 ppm de narasina adaptação e terminação), Monensina (MM; 25 ppm de monensina na adaptação e terminação), Narasina+ Monensina (NM; 13 ppm de narasina na adaptação e 25 ppm de monensina na terminação) e Monensina+ Narasina (MN; 25 ppm de monensina na adaptação e 13 ppm de narasina na terminação). As doses utilizadas seguiram as recomendações dos fabricantes (NarasinaZimprova, Elanco® e MonensinaRumensin, Elanco® ). Houve interação tratamento e período em relação ao CMS dos animais (P = 0,02), sendo menor o CMS na adaptação nos tratamentos MM e MN. Durante o segundo período, o tratamento MM apresentou um menor CMS em relação aos tratamentos NN e NM. Não houve efeito de tratamento no GMD (P = 0,77) e EA (P = 0,74) dos animais. Em relação aos dados de carcaça, não houve efeito para RC (P= = 0,12), PCQ (P = 0,7) e AOL (P = 0,64), porém, houve efeito para EGS (P = 0,01), cujos tratamentos que receberam ionóforos foram superiores ao CON. Dessa forma, concluímos que o uso de narasina e monensina e a alternância destas moléculas não afetou o desempenho animal, provavelmente devido à utilização de dietas pouco desafiadoras, com elevado teor de FDN. Novos estudos devem ser conduzidos avaliando a utilização de narasina em dietas de elevado teor de concentrados e a interação de diferentes moléculas em busca de ganhos maiores. Experiment 1: forty rumen-cannulates Nelore steers, were distributed in complete randomized blocks according to the initial body weight (230.47 ± 0.59 kg). The animals were fed a high concentrate diet for 42 days, subdivided into 2 periods of 21 days, during the first period the animals received the adaptation diet (step-up) and the second period the finishing diet. The experimental treatments were 1 - Control (CON; without additive); 2 - Narasin (NN; 13ppm of narasin on adaptation and finishing); 3 - Monensin (MM; 25 ppm of monensin on adaptation and finishing); 4 - Narasina + Monensin (NM; 13 ppm of narasin on adaptation and 25 ppm monensin om finishing) and 5 - Monensin + Narasin (MN; 25 ppm monensin on adaptation and 13 ppm narasin on finishing). The doses used followed the manufacturers’ recommendations (Narasina Zimprova, Elanco® and Monensina Rumensin, Elanco®). The inclusion of ionophores in the diet during the adaptation period affected (P = 0.02) the DMI of the animals in which the MM treatment had a consumption similar to the MN and different from the others, the MN treatment was similar to the NN and CON and less than NM. The treatments did not differ between themselves during the finishing period (P = 0.45) and in total DMI (P = 0.15). During the digestibility period, DMI was not affected (P = 0.71) similary OMI (P = 0.81); NDFI (P = 0.51); ADFI (P = 0.67) and digestibility DMDG (P = 0.27); OMDG (P = 0.35); NDFDG (P = 0.22) and ADFDG (P = 0.46) also were not affected. The rumenalfermentation parameters such as SCFA, pH and N-NH3 also were not affected by the experimental diets. Experiment 2: One hundred and twenty Nellore bulls (Bos indicus), were blocked from initial body weight (424.65 ± 5.43 Kg). The animals were fed daily with high concentrate diets for 105 days, divided into two stages: the adaptation phase lasting 21 days and then the termination period of 84 days. The experimental diets were the same as in experiment I. The doses used followed the manufacturers’ recommendations (Narasina Zimprova, Elanco® and Monensina Rumensin, Elanco®). There were interaction among treatments and periods in relation to the DMI of the animals (P = 0.02), the DMI being lower in the adaptation in the MM and MN treatments. During the second period, the MM treatment showed a lower DMI compared to theNN and NM treatments. There was no treatment effect on the animals’ ADG (P = 0.77) and FE (P = 0.74). Regarding the carcass data, there was no effect for CY (P = 0.12), HCW (P = 0.7) and LEA (P = 0.64). There was an effect for STF (P = 0.01), whose treatments that received ionophores were superior to the CON. Thus, we conclude that the use of narasin and monensin and the alternation of these molecules did not affect animal performance, probably due to the use of low-challenge diets, with high NDF content. Further studies should be conducted evaluating the use of narasin in diets with a high content of concentrates and the interaction of different molecules in search of greater gains.

The study aimed to evaluate if the frequency of narasin supplementation impacts dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation parameters, and apparent digestibility of nutrient in Nellore (Bos indicus) steers fed forage-based diets. A total of 32 rumen-cannulated Nellore steers (initial body weight [BW] = 317 ± 27 kg; age =18 ± 1 mo) were assigned to individual pens in a randomized complete block design according to their initial shrunk BW. Within block, steers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) forage-based diet without the addition of narasin (CON; n = 8), 2) CON diet plus 13 ppm of narasin every 24 h (N24; n = 8), 3) CON diet plus 26 ppm of narasin every 48 hours (N48; n = 8), or 4) CON diet plus 39 ppm of narasin every 72 hours (N72; n = 8). The experimental period lasted 30 d, with 18 d for diet adaptation and 12 d for sample collection. The experimental diets contained 95% of Tifton-85 (Cynodon dactylon spp.) haylage and 5% ground corn used as a delivery vehicle for narasin. Ruminal fluid was obtained from d 25 to 30 at 6 h after feeding to determine ruminal fermentation parameters. Narasin supplementation frequency did not affect (P ≥ 0.22) nutrient intake and total tract apparent digestibility. Steers fed N24 and N48 had reduced (P = 0.02) ruminal acetate concentration compared with CON and N72. Daily supply of narasin increased (P = 0.01) the molar proportion of propionate compared with CON and N72, and it did not differ between N24 vs. N48, N48 vs. N72, and N72 vs. CON. Also, N48 steers had greater (P = 0.01) rumen propionate concentration compared with CON. The N24 treatment decreased the Ac:Prop (P = 0.01) and AcBut:Prop (P = 0.02) ratio compared with CON and N72, while N48 had reduced (P = 0.01) Ac:Prop and AcBut:Prop ratio when compared with CON steers. Steers fed N24 and N48 had greater (P = 0.04) ruminal short-chain fatty acids compared with CON, but it did not differ (P > 0.11) between N24, N48, and N72. Supplementing narasin to steers fed forage-based diets decreased (P < 0.01) ruminal ammonia concentration compared with CON steers regardless of supplementation frequency, being the least result observed for N24 steers. Collectively, narasin supplementation frequency affected fermentation parameters without altering the nutrient intake and total tract apparent digestibility. Hence, decreasing frequency of narasin supplementation to Nellore steers fed a forage-based diet did not reduce the capacity to modulate rumen fermentation parameters.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inclusion of narasin, salinomycin, or flavomycin for 140 d on ruminal fermentation parameters, apparent nutrient digestibility, and performance of Nellore cattle offered a forage-based diet. In experiment 1, 32 rumen-cannulated Bos indicus Nellore steers [initial body weight (BW) = 220 ± 12.6 kg] were assigned to individual pens in a randomized complete block design according to their initial shrunk BW. Within block, animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: (1) forage-based diet without feed additives (CON; n = 8), (2) CON diet plus 13 ppm of narasin (NAR; n = 8), (3) CON diet plus 20 ppm of salinomycin (SAL; n = 8), or (4) CON diet plus 3 ppm of flavomycin (FLA; n = 8). The experimental period lasted 140 d and was divided into 5 periods of 28 d each. The inclusion of feed additives did not impact (P ≥ 0.17) dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient intake, and apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients. Nonetheless, steers fed NAR had lower (P < 0.01) molar proportion of acetate compared with CON, SAL, and FLA steers, whereas ruminal acetate tended to be greater (P < 0.09) for SAL vs. CON and FLA, but did not differ (P = 0.68) between CON vs. FLA steers. Ruminal propionate was the highest (P < 0.01) for steers fed NAR and did not differ (P > 0.20) between CON, SAL, and FLA. Consequently, NAR steers had the lowest (P < 0.01) Ac:Pr ratio, whereas Ac:Pr did not differ (P > 0.18) among CON, SAL, and FLA. Total volatile fatty acids were greater (P < 0.04) for NAR and CON vs. SAL and FLA, but did not differ (P > 0.67) among NAR vs. CON and SAL vs. FLA. In experiment 2, 164 Nellore bulls (initial shrunk BW = 299 ± 2.5 kg) were assigned to feedlot pens for 140 d in a randomized complete block design. Within block (n = 10), animals were randomly assigned to the same treatments used in experiment 1. Average daily gain was greater (P < 0.01) in NAR vs. CON, SAL, and FLA bulls, and did not differ (P > 0.12) between CON, SAL, and FLA bulls. Bulls fed NAR had greater (P < 0.02) DMI (as kg/d or % BW) and final shrunk BW compared with CON, SAL, and FLA bulls, whereas DMI and final shrunk BW did not differ (P > 0.26) between CON, SAL, and FLA bulls. Feed efficiency, however, was not impacted (P = 0.51) by any feed additives used herein. Collectively, narasin was the only feed additive that benefited performance and ruminal fermentation of Nellore animals fed a forage-based diet.

The aim of this study was to evaluate three feed additives for rumen manipulation. Thirty-two rumen-fistulated animals were assigned to a completed randomized block design, according to their initial BW. Steers were fed with 99% of coastcross haylage and 1% of concentrate, used as vehicle for the additives. The forage and concentrate were offered separately, whereas the forage was offered after the entire consumption of the concentrate. The experimental diets consisted in: CON = Control (no feed additive); NAR = 13ppm of Narasin; SAL = 20ppm of Salinomycin; and FLA = 3ppm of Flavomycin. The experimental period lasted 140 d, divided on 5 periods of 28 d each. Rumen fluid was collected on d 0, 28, 56, 84, 112 and 140, at 0, 6 and 12 hours after feeding and combined as a pool for SCFA analysis. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Data obtained on d 0 were used as covariate. Tukey test 5% was used for comparisons. There was treatment effect on acetate (CON: 73.5ab; NAR: 73.0a; SAL: 73.9b and FLA: 73.6b mM/100mM, P = 0.01; SEM = 0.16), propionate (CON: 13.7b; NAR: 14.6a; SAL: 13.5b and FLA: 13.4b, P = 0.01; SEM = 0.11), butyrate (CON: 9.06a; NAR: 8.64b; SAL: 8.72ab and FLA: 8.96ab, P = 0.02; SEM = 0.10), isovalerate (CON: 1.51b; NAR: 1.61ab; SAL: 1.55ab and FLA: 1.67b, P = 0.03; SEM = 0.04) and ac:prop ratio (CON: 5.39a; NAR: 4.99b; SAL: 5.49a and FLA: 5.4a, P = 0.01; SEM = 0.05). Therefore, narasin improves energetic efficiency of ruminal fermentation compared to other additives.

This study evaluated the frequency of narasin supplementation on ruminal fermentation in lambs. Four male lambs (castrated and cannulated in the rumen) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square experimental design. The experimental diets consisted of 95% coastcross hay (16% CP) and 5% ground corn (DM basis), used as the delivery vehicle for the narasin. The diet was fed daily. The treatments were: C (no additives), N24: narasin offered every 24 hours at 13 ppm; N48: narasin offered every 48 hours, being 26 ppm offered on the first day and ground corn without narasin on the second day; N72: narasin offered every 72 hours, being 39 ppm offered on the first day and ground corn without narasin on the second and third days. The trial lasted 4 periods of 36 days each. Between the 31st to 36th days of each period, the rumen fluid was collected (hours 0; 6 and 12). All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and the treatments were compared through the Tukey test at 5% probability. There was no effect at the molar concentration of acetate (76.25 ± 1.22 mM/100mM), butyrate (4.9 ± 0.59 mM/100mM), ammonia (15.17 ± 2.03 mg/dl) and pH (6.36 ± 0.13). There was an effect of the molar concentration of propionate (C = 15.88b; N24 = 17.35a; N48 = 16.91a; N72 = 16.57ab mM/100mM; P < 0.01), acetate:propionate ratio (C = 4.86; a N24 = 4.38 b; N48 = 4.53b; N72 = 4.66ab; P < 0.01) and the total SCFA (C = 88.96b; N24 = 107.43 a; N48 = 100.53a; N72 = 84.62b mM; P < 0.01). In conclusion, the daily supply of narasin and every 48 hours positively affected ruminal fermentation parameters in lambs, but this effect decreased when used every 72 hours.

Fifty-eight Dorper x Santa Inês ram lambs (initial BW 20.7 ± 1.19 kg and 75 ± 10.83 d old) were assigned to a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effects of fiber content on ruminal and cecal pH and SCFA. The treatments were defined by the fiber (“Coastcross” hay) content in diets (CP: 16,12% ± 0.92): 0F: no forage diet (NDF: 10.4%); 5F: 5% of forage (NDF: 12.1%); 10F: 10% of forage (NDF: 15%); 15F: 15% of forage (NDF: 15.5%); 20F: 20% of forage (NDF: 20.8%) and 25F: 25% of forage (NDF: 23.5%). The experiment lasted 89 days, at the end of the experiment the lambs were slaughtered without fasting. The forage inclusion linear decreased ruminal concentration of propionate (0F: 45.4; 5F: 39.7; 10F: 41.5; 15F: 39.4; 20F: 35.3; 25F: 30.5 mM/100mM; P < 0.01) and total SCFA (0F: 106.6; 5F: 96.4; 10F: 84.2; 15F: 90.6; 20F: 63.0; 25F: 71.2 mM; P = 0.01) and increased the ruminal concentration of acetate (0F: 43.4; 5F: 45.3; 10F: 47.8; 15F: 49.8: 20F: 51.8; 25F: 57.2 mM/100mM; P < 0.01). However, there was a quadratic effect on ruminal pH (0F: 5.61; 5F: 5.66; 10F: 5.98; 15F: 6.27; 20F: 6.05; 25F: 5.74; P = 0.01). There was no effect of fiber levels on cecal concentration of acetate, propionate, butyrate and acetate:propionate ratio. Nevertheless, there was a linear decrease in cecal concentration of valerate (0F: 3.28; 5F: 2.35; 10F: 2.39; 15F: 2.64: 20F: 2.12; 25F: 1.80 mM/100mM; P < 0.01) and total SCFA (0F: 173.9; 5F: 165.7; 10F: 153.2; 15F: 155.2; 20F: 139.9; 25F: 128.9 mM; P < 0.01). Similarly to rumen, cecal pH presented a quadratic response (0F: 5.92; 5F: 6.12; 10F: 6.15; 15F: 6.23; 20F: 6.30; 25F: 5.83; P < 0.01). In conclusion, cecal fermentation was different from rumen fermentation. However, pH variation was similar, with higher values for 15F diet.

The objective of this trial was to determine the effect of narasin inclusion into a protein supplement on the performance of grazing yearling bulls. One hundred and fifty Nellore yearling bulls were blocked by initial BW (332 ± 3.4 kg) and assigned to 30 paddocks (15 paddocks/treatment). Sixty paddocks of Brachiaria brizantha with 1 ha each were used, whereas each paddock was continuously grazed by 28 d, followed by a resting period of 28 d. Paddocks were rotated among treatments every 28 d to minimize possible paddock variation. The experimental period lasted 112 d, divided into 4 periods of 28 d each. The treatments were: 1) negative control (no narasin: 0N), and 2) 13 ppm of narasin/d (13N; Zimprova®; Elanco, São Paulo, Brazil). Narasin was added to the protein supplement by adjusting its concentration in each 28-d period, according to the supplement intake (SI) during the previous period. The SI was evaluated on a weekly basis. Forage mass in the paddocks was measured by choosing two points upon entry and exit of the lot from each pasture. All data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. The ADG and SI were analyzed as repeated measures over time. There was no treatment × period interaction for ADG (P = 0.06) and SI (P = 0.66). Narasin inclusion into the protein supplement did not affect SI (0N = 435.5, 13N = 431.3 g/d; SEM = 12.2; P = 0.74), increased the ADG (0N = 0.240, 13N = 0.284 kg; SEM = 0.017; P < 0.01) and the final BW of the yearling bulls (0N = 357.7, 13N = 363.0 kg; SEM = 3.43; P < 0.01). In conclusion, narasin inclusion into protein supplement improved the performance of grazing yearling bulls.

ResumoObjetivoAvaliar a prevalência de LMR, descrever o perfil do paciente reoperado, a causa da rerruptura tendínea, a evolução da lesão e a variação de tempo entre os procedimentos cirúrgicos.MétodosEstudo com delineamento transversal, que envolveu 604 eventos cirúrgicos feitos entre janeiro de 2006 e dezembro de 2012, em dois hospitais de referência regional. Após aprovação pelo comitê de ética, os dados foram coletados em um único momento, descreveu‐se o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes e usou‐se a classificação de Cofield para mensurar a extensão das lesões, as quais foram operadas por via artroscópica em todos os pacientes. Os dados foram digitados no programa Epinfo versão 3.5.3®, e analisados no SPSS versão 18.0®.ResultadosEntre os 604 procedimentos, o sexo feminino esteve predominantemente acometido com 351 (58,1%) e quando o membro dominante foi o direito ele esteve acometido em 90% dos casos (p

ResumoObjetivosAvaliar os resultados da tenodese artroscópica do cabo longo do bíceps braquial (CLB) no tendão do músculo subescapular quanto à presença de dor, lesão do subescapular, presença do sinal de Popeye e satisfação do paciente.MétodosFoi feita uma coorte prospectiva com 32 pacientes com lesão do CLB, por meio de entrevista e exame físico pré‐operatório e também após seis meses do procedimento cirúrgico. As principais variáveis estudadas foram testes Belly Press, Bear Hug e Lift‐Off, sinal de Popeye, dor anterior e satisfação. Os dados foram inseridos no Epi Info™ 3.5.4 e SPSS 18.0. Para verificar as variáveis de interesse os testes qui‐quadrado, t de Student e de Kruskal‐Wallis foram usados. O intervalo de confiança foi de 95% e foram considerados estatisticamente significativos valores de p

Narasin is an antibiotic ionophore that may change rumen fermentation; however, the effects on the post-rumen are unknown. The objective of this study was to determinate the effects of different levels of hay and narasin inclusion on the cecal parameters of lambs. Forty-four lambs were allotted in a randomized complete block design, defined by initial BW, in a 2x2 factorial treatment arrangement. The first factor was forage (coastcross hay) inclusion (10 or 20%, DM basis) and the second factor was narasin (0 or 13 ppm). The experimental diets were isonitrogenous (17.4%, DM basis) and the experiment lasted 112 days. At the end of the experimental period, the lambs were slaughtered without fasting, and the cecal fluid was collected to determinate pH and short chain fatty acid (SCFA). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. The effects were considered significant when P < 0.05. There was no interaction between forage content and narasin inclusion. Narasin increased the molar concentration of propionate (N0: 19.4; N13: 21.4 mM/100mM; P = 0.02) and decreased isobutyrate (N0: 1.6; N13: 0.7 mM/100mM; P = 0.05) and acetate:propionate ratio (N0: 3.4; N13: 2.9; P = 0.03). The valerate was greater in diets with 10% hay when compared of diets 20% (H10: 2.0; H20: 1.3 mM/100mM; P < 0.01). The experimental diets not affect the molar proportion of acetate (62.7±1.3 mM/100mM), butyrate (12.9 ± 0.7 mM/100mM), isovalerate (1.3 ± 0.5 mM/100mM) total SCFA concentration (68.6 ± 8.5 mM) and cecal pH (6.2 ± 0.14). Therefore, the inclusion of 13 ppm of narasin changes the cecal fermentation in high concentrate diets. In addition, the inclusion of 10 or 20% of hay has a little influence on cecal fermentation.

The aim of this study was evaluating the effects of different feed additives on performance of yearling bulls fed a high forage diet. One hundred and sixty-four Nellore (Bos indicus) yearling bulls were assigned to a complete randomized block design, according to of their initial body weight (BW) (298.95 ± 2.49; 10 pen/treatment; 4 animal/pen). Yearling bulls were fed daily and diets were composed of 96% of coastcross haylage and 4% of ground corn, used as the delivery vehicle for the additives. Once a day, the concentrate and forage were offered separately. The forage was offered after the entire consumption of the concentrate. The experimental diets consisted in: CON = Control (no feed additive); FLA = 3ppm of Flavomycin; NAR = 13ppm of Narasin; SAL = 20ppm of Salinomycin. The experimental period lasted 140 d and the yearling bulls were weighted at 0, 28, 56, 84, 112 and 140 d, after a 14h feed and water restriction. The orts were recorded to determine the dry matter intake (DMI). All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and the LSMEANS option was used to generate individual means. Tukey test 5% was used for comparisons. There was a treatment effect on DMI (CON: 6.59b; FLA: 6.53b; NAR: 7.1a; SAL: 6.42b kg/d; SEM = 0.19; P < 0.01), ADG (CON: 0.792b; FLA: 0.842b; NAR: 0.907a; SAL: 0.813b kg; SEM = 0.02; P < 0.01) and final BW (CON: 408.27b; FLA: 411.36b; NAR: 424.69a; SAL: 407.91b kg; SEM = 2.56; P < 0.01). There was no effect on feed efficiency (P = 0.41). In summary, the narasin inclusion increased DMI, ADG, and final BW in comparison with the other additives.

Study design: Experimental study. Objective: The aim of this study was the characterization and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of an implantable polymer system containing sodium diclofenacin carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in a rat kneemodel. Methodology: An implantable device made of Eudragit RS 100 and PCL-T containing 3.0 mg of sodium diclofenac was produced by casting. The device showed similar mechanical properties to elastomeric polymer products. The mechanism of sodium diclofenac release from the Eudragit and PLC-T matrix showed two stages: first, a rapid release and then a slow release with a zero-order kinetic behavior. The devices were implanted in the articular joint of the posterior area of the arthritis-induced knees of rats. Results: Within 6 hours and on day 7 after arthritis induction, the knee edema was evaluated, and the inflammatory mediators, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide were analyzed. The results were compared with oral administration of 30 mg/kg of sodium diclofenac. Conclusion: The proposed implantable device was able to produce similar anti-inflammatory results in carrageenan-induced arthritis compared with oral treatment, but at lower doses

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of rotator cuff tears and describe the profile of reoperated patients, causes of repeated tendon tears, tear evolution and range of times between surgical procedures. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study involving 604 surgical procedures performed at two regional referral hospitals between January 2006 and December 2012. After approval by the ethics committee, data describing the patients' epidemiological profile were gathered at a single time, using Cofield's classification to measure the extent of the tears, all of which underwent arthroscopic surgery. The data were entered into Epi Info 3.5.3 and were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. RESULTS: Among the 604 surgical procedures, females were affected in more cases (351; 58.1%). When the dominant limb was the right limb, it was affected in 90% of the cases (p < 0.05). The supraspinatus tendon was affected in 574 cases (95%) and the tears were of medium size in 300 cases (49.7%). Eighteen reoperations were performed (2.98%) and the upper right limb was the most affected (66.6%). The cause was non-traumatic in 12 patients. The repeated tears were mostly smaller (44%), and the length of time between the two surgical procedures ranged from 6 to 298 weeks. CONCLUSION: Female gender, smaller extent in the second procedure and non-traumatic cause were found in most of the cases analyzed. RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de LMR, descrever o perfil do paciente reoperado, a causa da rerruptura tendínea, a evolução da lesão e a variação de tempo entre os procedimentos cirúrgicos. MÉTODOS: Estudo com delineamento transversal, que envolveu 604 eventos cirúrgicos feitos entre janeiro de 2006 e dezembro de 2012, em dois hospitais de referência regional. Após aprovação pelo comitê de ética, os dados foram coletados em um único momento, descreveu-se o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes e usou-se a classificação de Cofield para mensurar a extensão das lesões, as quais foram operadas por via artroscópica em todos os pacientes. Os dados foram digitados no programa Epinfo versão 3.5.3(r), e analisados no SPSS versão 18.0(r). RESULTADOS: Entre os 604 procedimentos, o sexo feminino esteve predominantemente acometido com 351 (58,1%) e quando o membro dominante foi o direito ele esteve acometido em 90% dos casos (p < 0,05). O tendão supraespinhal foi acometido em 574 (95%) casos e as lesões foram de tamanho médio em 300 (49,7%) casos. Foram 18 (2,98%) reoperações e o membro superior direito foi o mais acometido (66,6%), com causa não traumática em 12 pacientes. As relesões foram em sua maioria menores (44%), com o tempo entre os dois procedimentos cirúrgicos que variou entre seis e 298 semanas. CONCLUSÃO: Sexo feminino, extensão menor no segundo procedimento e causa não traumática foram encontrados na maior parte dos casos analisados.