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1. Effects of conservation education on reasons to conserve biological diversity

Author

Tim Caro, Monique Borgerhoff Mulder, and Marcelle Moore

Subjects
Instrumental and intrinsic value, conservation attitudes, undergraduates, business.industry, questionnaire, conservation education, Environmental resource management, Biodiversity, Conservation psychology, Environmental ethics, Ecosystem services, Cultural heritage, Conservation biology, Sociology, business, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Tourism, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Wildlife conservation
Abstract

To examine factors that might influence how people subscribe to different reasons for conserving biological diversity, we modified Ehrenfeld's [American Scientist 64 (1976) 660] classic reasons for conserving species and habitats into consumption, tourism, medicine, science. education, environmental baselines, ecosystem services, intrinsic value, and added another, human cultural heritage. We then explored the opinions of undergraduates enrolled in a classic conservation biology course, or a people and conservation course, about these nine arguments, using a 27-statement questionnaire. By matching responses made before and after each course, we found that students, in general. became more committed to using most of Ehrenfeld's arguments but that this was highly contingent on which conservation course that they had taken. None became committed to the argument that linked wildlife conservation to human culture. however. Course and grade that students attained influenced the extent to which students were sympathetic to different arguments but gender had no effect. These findings show that the type of conservation knowledge imparted to students makes them differentially sympathetic to many of the arguments used to advocate wildlife conservation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2003
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2. A restricted hybrid zone between native and introduced red fox (Vulpes vulpes) populations suggests reproductive barriers and competitive exclusion

Author

Benjamin N, Sacks, Marcelle, Moore, Mark J, Statham, and Heiko U, Wittmer

Subjects
Gene Flow, Genetic Markers, Foxes, Biodiversity, DNA, Mitochondrial, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Haplotypes, Species Specificity, North America, Animals, Hybridization, Genetic, Introduced Species, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

Introduced species can threaten native taxa in multiple ways, including competition and hybridization, which can reduce fitness, alter ecological niches or swamp native genomes. Encroachment and hybridization by introduced species also provide opportunities to study the dynamics of invasiveness and hybridization during early stages following contact. We used 33 microsatellites, 51 single nucleotide polymorphisms and a mtDNA marker to characterize the extent and spatial pattern of encroachment and hybridization between a native, endemic subspecies of red fox (Vulpes vulpes patwin) and an introduced red fox population composed of highly admixed, phylogenetically divergent stock, resulting from a century of domestication. Both nuclear and mtDNA markers indicated that hybridization was primarily restricted to a narrow zone where the two populations came into contact. Although a few introgressed genotypes were detected in the interior of the native range, we found no immigrant foxes or F(1) or F(2) hybrids there, suggesting native foxes excluded introduced individuals. We speculate that the observed interbreeding at the periphery was facilitated by low densities. In total, 98% of mtDNA haplotypes in the native range were native and 96% of the nuclear ancestry was estimated to be native. Although the introduced range had expanded fivefold over the past four decades, native and non-native haplotypes from museum samples collected in and near the native range three decades earlier showed a similar geographic distribution as today, suggesting that the native range and hybrid zone were relatively stable. We hypothesize that the monogamous mating system of red foxes and other wild canids may enhance their resistance to hybridization because of greater fitness consequences associated with mate discrimination.

Published
2010

3. Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2009–30 November 2009

Author

Gen-Bo Xu, Yi Kyung Kim, Zhen Xia Sha, N. Sreejayan, Maria Domenica Moccia, B. W. Hou, Fuwen Wei, Shaoying Liu, Mi Sook Min, Radosavljević Ivan, William Stewart Grant, Peter Kaňuch, Hai Hui Ye, Monika Pfunder, Stefan Woltmann, Antonis Rokas, Z. Y. Feng, Susanne Gustafsson, Benjamin N. Sacks, Hang Lee, M. L. Xie, Eun Ha Shin, Xiao Jun Xu, Kevin A. Feldheim, Scott A. Taylor, Zlatko Šatović, Maria Gaillard, Martin Lascoux, Christopher A. Saski, Ryan P. Walter, Vicki L. Friesen, Junghwa An, Shao Jing Li, Gudasalamani Ravikanth, Arnaud Béchet, William D. Templin, Juan A. Galaraza, Qingui Cai, Yi Wang, Zac Grauvogel, Åsa Berggren, Kyung Seok Kim, Sang Gyu Kim, James A. Morris-Pocock, Brian R. Kreiser, Sung Kyoung Choi, K. N. Ganeshaiah, Branka Javornik, X. Y. Ding, L. Han, Sofia Hemmilä, Julia Geraci, Daniel D. Heath, Leonardo A. Gallo, J. Zhong, Kyung i.Kl Kim, Frank Cézilly, Zhengxin Sun, Marcelle Moore, Maren A. Klich, Kumara P. Mohana, Yong Fan, F. Zhang, Zlatko Liber, Xiaolin Liao, Yong Jin Won, Athena Lam, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Alex Widmer, Xiangjiang Zhan, Sarah K. Brown, Han Chan Park, Yong Tao, Ramesh Vasudeva, Y. H. Ma, Yajun Ma, D. L. Li, Jing Wu, Kelly Lasater, George K. Roderick, Ke Jian Wang, Anna Cassel-Lundhagen, Carolina Soliani, J. Derek Hogan, Jernej Jakše, Yun Sun Lee, Ye Seul Kwan, Song-Lin Chen, Xin Hui Luo, Sean D. Schoville, Michael William Bruford, Jeffrey Robert Guyon, John G. Gibbons, Lin Lin, R. Uma Shaanker, Sang In Kim, Federico Sebastiani, W. Y. Li, Gui Zhong Wang, Rémi Wattier, Wei Cheng, Paula Marchelli, Woo-Jin Kim, BK21 program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Canid Diversity and Conservation Laboratory, University of California, Biodiversity and Ecological Processes Group, Cardiff University, Caopo Nature Reserves, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resource, Ministry of Agriculture-Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Jiangsu Provincal Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University (NNU), Department of Pathogen Biology and State Key Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Department of Biology, Queen's University, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Unidad de Genética Ecológica y Mejoramiento Forestal, INTA EEA Bariloche, School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Department of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences [Nashville], Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Program in Evolutionary Functional Genomics, Uppsala University, Auke Bay Laboratories (ABL), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor [Ca], Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Breeding, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnology Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife (CGRB), USDA, Agence Régionale de la Santé (ARS), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi (USM), Division of EcoScience, EWHA Womans University (EWHA), Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management [Berkeley] (ESPM), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (MEL), Division of Botany [Zagreb], Department of Biology [Zagreb], Faculty of Science [Zagreb], University of Zagreb-University of Zagreb-Faculty of Science [Zagreb], University of Zagreb-University of Zagreb, Sichuan Academy of Forestry, College of Aqua-life Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Crop Physiology, Biological Sciences Department [Sacrameno], California State University [Sacramento], Ecogenics GmbH, Department of Population Health and Reproduction, Genomics Institute, Clemson University, Department of Seed Science and Technology [Zagreb], Faculty of Agriculture [Zagreb] (UNIZG), Laboratorio Genexpress, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Department of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, Instituto di Genetica Vegetale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, College of Marine Life Sciences [Qingdao], Ocean University of China (OUC), Seoul National University [Seoul], Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Nanjing Normal University, Estacion Biologica Doñana, Auke Bay Laboratories ( ABL ), Alaska Fisheries Science Center ( AFSC ), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service ( NMFS ), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) -National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) -NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service ( NMFS ), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) -National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), University of Windsor, Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife ( CGRB ), Agence Régionale de la Santé ( ARS ), University of Southern Mississippi, EWHA Womans University ( EWHA ), Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Botany, University of Zagreb, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas ( CONICET ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule [Zürich] ( ETH Zürich ), Department of Seed Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ( CNR ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] ( CAS ), College of Marine Life Sciences, and Ocean University of China

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Colias interior, computer.software_genre, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, food, Botany, Genetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, biology, Database, Salvia officinalis, biology.organism_classification, food.food, Dendrobium devonianum, Dendrobium loddigesii, Nothofagus obliqua, Sula nebouxii, Colias eurytheme, [ SDV.GEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Aspergillus clavatus, computer, Biotechnology
Abstract

5 pages; International audience; This article documents the addition of 411 microsatellite marker loci and 15 pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Anopheles lesteri, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus terreus, Branchiostoma japonicum, Branchiostoma belcheri, Colias behrii, Coryphopterus personatus, Cynogolssus semilaevis, Cynoglossus semilaevis, Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium officinale, Dysoxylum malabaricum, Metrioptera roeselii, Myrmeciza exsul, Ochotona thibetana, Neosartorya fischeri, Nothofagus pumilio, Onychodactylus fischeri, Phoenicopterus roseus, Salvia officinalis L., Scylla paramamosain, Silene latifo, Sula sula, and Vulpes vulpes. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Aspergillus giganteus, Colias pelidne, Colias interior, Colias meadii, Colias eurytheme, Coryphopterus lipernes, Coryphopterus glaucofrenum, Coryphopterus eidolon, Gnatholepis thompsoni, Elacatinus evelynae, Dendrobium loddigesii Dendrobium devonianum, Dysoxylum binectariferum, Nothofagus antarctica, Nothofagus dombeyii, Nothofagus nervosa, Nothofagus obliqua, Sula nebouxii, and Sula variegata. This article also documents the addition of 39 sequencing primer pairs and 15 allele specific primers or probes for Paralithodes camtschaticus.

Published
2010
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