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It was aimed to simultaneously study standardized ileal digestible (SID) tryptophan (Trp) and lysine (Lys) for gilts. A digestibility assay was previously conducted to determine the SID amino acid in the basal diet (low levels of SID Trp and Lys). Sixty-four gilts (15.04 ± 1.44 kg) were allotted to 16 diets in a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement (1.55, 1.85, 2.15 and 2.45 g/kg SID Trp and 9.72, 11.12, 12.52 and 13.92 g/kg SID Lys) with four replicates per treatment. Performance, longissimus muscle (LM), backfat thickness (BF) and blood variables were evaluated. An interaction was observed for G:F, and by response surface model, the optimum Trp level was achieved at 2.15 g/kg (0.159 g/MJ of ME). A quadratic effect of Trp was observed on body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG); the daily feed intake increased linearly as Trp increased. The optimum Trp levels of 2.25 and 2.24 g/kg were estimated for BW and ADG, respectively. The BF increased with increasing levels of Trp. There was a quadratic and linear effect of Trp and Lys, respectively, on the LM, in which the optimum Trp level was determined as 2.05 g/kg in the diet. Plasma urea nitrogen decreased as Trp and Lys levels increased. Using estimates provided by response surface, maximized G:F ratio was obtained at 2.15 g SID Trp/kg of diet and at least 13.92 g SID Lys/kg of diet is necessary to optimize the G:F for 15–30 kg gilts, providing a Trp:Lys ratio of 15.4:100.

International audience; Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of lycopene supplementation on the carcass traits, meat quality, concentration of lipid oxidation products and antioxidant potential in the meat and liver of finishing barrows and gilts.Methods: A total of 40 barrows and 40 gilts were allotted in a completely randomized block design, arranged in a 2×5 factorial scheme, consisting of two sexes (barrows and gilts) and five dietary levels of lycopene (0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, and 50.0 mg/kg). In addition, four storage times (0, 24, 48, and 72 h), at 4°C, were added to the model to evaluate the longissimus lumborum muscle.Results: An interaction (p = 0.010) was observed between storage periods and dietary lycopene levels. The unfolding of the interaction (lycopene×period) showed a decreasing concentration of malondialdehyde concentration as the dietary lycopene increased, at all storage periods. No interactions (p>0.050) were observed for the 2,2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in the pork. However, the percentage of DPPH radical inhibition reduced (p = 0.001) up to 72 h. Additionally, there was a linear increase (p = 0.001) in the capture of DPPH radicals by antioxidants, as the dietary lycopene increased. No interactions were observed (p>0.05) between the evaluated factors in liver. However, lipid oxidation was reduced by supplementing lycopene in pig diets. The capture of the DPPH radical, resulted increase in the antioxidant power exerted by lycopene in the liver (p = 0.001). The concentrations of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and DPPH in the liver were affected by sex (p = 0.001).Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of lycopene reduced the water loss during thawing and was effective in protecting against oxidation of the longissimus lumborum muscle and liver until 72 hours of storage, and the best results were obtained by supplementing with 50.0 mg of lycopene/kg of diet.

The objective of this study was to evaluate dietary lycopene levels on the immune responses of finishing pigs. Forty barrows and 40 gilts, averaging 75.04 ± 1.6 kg of initial weight, were allotted in a randomised blocks design arranged in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, consisting of two sexes (males and females) and five lycopene levels (0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, 50.0 mg/kg of diet). The studied parameters were submitted to the statistical analysis adopting 5% significance. Increasing lycopene in pig diets increased the plasma albumin (p = .023). There was no interaction (p > .05) between sex and lycopene on the leukocyte profile or haematocrit concentration. As lycopene levels increased in the diet, the lymphocyte concentration increased linearly (p = .045). The neutrophil concentration and the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio were affected (p

This study evaluated the effects of standardized ileal digestible (SID) tryptophan and B6 on blood parameters, organ weights, carcass traits, and longissimus lumborum quality of barrows (70-100kg). Sixty-four crossbred barrows averaging 70.77±2.07kg were distributed in a 4×2 factorial with four SID tryptophan levels (0.130, 0.155, 0.180, and 0.205%) and two B6 levels (1 and 5mg/kg) in eight replicates of one animal each. The meat lightness degree answered linearly (P=0.015) to SID tryptophan levels and the shear force answered quadratically (P=0.050), with estimates of a higher value (31.67N) at 0.163% SID tryptophan. Although B6 showed positive effects (P

The objective was to evaluate the impact of producing piglets fed diets with different crude protein (CP) levels through life cycle assessment and experimental data. In Trial I (performance), 28 crossbred barrow piglets, with an initial average weight of 15.3 ± 1.15 kg were divided into a randomized block design with four treatments, seven replications and one animal per experimental unit. In Trial II (nitrogen and phosphorus balance), 20 crossbred barrow piglets with an average weight of 21.4 ± 1.62 kg were divided in a randomized block design with four treatments, five replications and one animal per experimental unit. Four experimental feeds were evaluated: HighCP, CP18, CP17 and LowCP, with 19, 18, 17 and 16 % of CP, meeting the requirements of digestible amino acids through industrial amino acid (IAA) addition. From Trial I and II data, the environmental impact was calculated for global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, cumulative energy demand, terrestrial ecotoxicity and land occupation (LO). Total nitrogen excretion decreased by 0.226 g d−1 for each 1 g of reduction on daily nitrogen intake. However, there was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) among experimental treatments for all impact categories. For LO, there was a reduction (p = 0.078) of impact with CP reduction, which was 8 % lower with the LowCP diet, in comparison with HighCP. Dietary CP reduction for piglets from 15 to 30 kg, through IAA supplementation, reduced the environmental impact under LO, considering soybean meal from southern Brazil and observed individual data of performance and excretion.

The objective of this study was to evaluate dietary lycopene levels for finishing pigs and its effects on malondialdehyde concentrations and antioxidant power on pork. Eighty pigs (40 barrows and 40 gilts), averaging 75.04 ± 1.6 kg of initial weight, were alloted in a 2x5x4 factorial scheme, consisting of two sexes (barrows and gilts), five lycopene levels (0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, 50.0 mg/kg diet) and four storage periods of longissimus dorsimuscle (0, 24, 48 and 72 hours) at 4 °C, and eight replicates. The F test was applied to evaluate the sex effect and the degrees of freedom regarding the lycopene levels and storage period were unfolded in polynomials to fit the regression equations, in order to evaluate the malondialdehyde concentrations and antioxidant power. An interaction (P=0.010) was observed between storage periods and dietary lycopene levels. The unfolding of the interaction (lycopene x period) showed a decreasing concentration of malondialdehyde concentration as the dietary lycopene increased, at all storage periods. A linear increase of malondialdehyde concentration in the longissimus dorsi muscle was observed as the storage period increased, for all the lycopene levels evaluated. However, the percentage of DPPH radical inhibition reduced (P=0.001) up to 72 h, represented by the equations Ŷ= 0.0594x + 39.70 (R(2)=0.97) and Ŷ= 0.0005x(2) - 0.0956x + 39.99 (R(2)=1.00), but the derivation of the quadratic equation overestimated the storage time (95.6 h). Additionally, there was a linear increase (P=0.001) in the capture of DPPH radical by antioxidants, as the dietary lycopene increased (Ŷ= 0.0428x + 36.50; R(2)=0.96). It is concluded that the longissimus dorsi muscle oxidation increased over the days of storage and the inclusion of 50.0 mg of lycopene/kg of diet was more effective to protect pork against oxidation.

A determinacao da energia metabolizavel (EM) de alimentos utilizados em dietas para codornas de corte, por meio de ensaios de metabolismo, demanda tempo, infraestrutura e recursos financeiros, o que torna interessante o desenvolvimento de equacoes de predicao da EM baseadas na composicao proximal dos alimentos.Objetivou-se com este trabalho ajustar equacoes de predicao dos valores de EM do milho para codornas de corte.Foi determinada a composicao quimica de 12 diferentes cultivares de milho e realizado um ensaio de metabolismo, com estas cultivares, para determinacao da EM aparente (EMA) e EMA corrigida para balanco de nitrogenio (EMAn).De posse da composicao quimica, e dos valores de EMA e EMAn, convertidos para a materia seca, procedeu-se com o ajuste das equacoes de predicao.O ajuste inicial dos modelos de regressao linear simples e multipla, dos dados de EMA e EMAn, foi realizado utilizando-se os valores de proteina bruta (PB), extrato etereo (EE), fibras em detergentes neutro (FDN) e acido (FDA), materia mineral (MM), calcio (Ca) e fosforo (P) como regressoras (modelo completo).Para o ajustamento das equacoes de predicao, dos valores de EMA e EMAn, foi utilizado o procedimento de regressao linear simples e multipla, por meio da tecnica de eliminacao indireta (Backward).Houve ajustamento de 10 equacoes de predicao da EM do milho, sendo 5 para EMA e 5 para EMAn, cujos valores de R² variaram de 0,20 a 0,75 e de 0,21 a 0,78, respectivamente.Em todas as equacoes ajustadas observou-se correlacao negativa para a materia mineral, o que pode estar associado ao seu efeito diluente da energia bruta contida nos milhos.Conclui-se que as equacoes que apresentaram melhor ajustamento foram EMA = 5605,46 - 385,074PB + 111,648EE + 48,1133FDN + 303,924FDA - 929,931MM (R² = 0,75) e EMAn = 5878,16 - 403,937PB + 81,9618EE + 41,8954FDN + 303,506FDA - 901,621MM (R² = 0,78).

Two experiments were carried out in Paraná State, Brazil, to evaluate the nutritional value of passion fruit seed meal (PFM) and to study the effect of PFM on growth performance, carcass, and blood characteristics in starter pigs (Topigs 20 × Tybor). In experiment 1, 25 castrated males, averaging 19.1-kg body weight, were individually fed in a completely randomized block design, consisting of five treatments and five replicates and an experimental period that lasted 14 days. In experiment 2, a total of 60 pigs (30 females and 30 castrated males) were distributed in a randomized block design with five treatments, six replications, and two animals per experimental unit and 90 days of experimentation. For both experiments, the same PFM inclusion rates were used in the experimental diets, namely, 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 %. The metabolizable energy of PFM was estimated to be 15.0 MJ/kg. Inclusion of PFM at any level did not affect average daily gain, daily feed intake, feed/gain ratio, backfat thickness, loin depth, and plasma or blood components. It is concluded that passion fruit seed meal for swine in the starting phase can be added at a rate of up to 16 % in the diet without any negative effects on growth performance, carcass, and blood characteristics in starter commercial line pigs.

Lycopene has the highest antioxidant activity among carotenoids due to its high number of conjugated double bonds; thus, it can be used in pig diets to look for improvements in growth performance and health status, eliminating or preventing the formation of free radicals. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary lycopene on the growth performance, the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and blood lipid profile of finishing pigs. In total, 40 barrows and 40 gilts (Piétrain × Landrace × Large White) were used, averaging 75.04 ± 1.6 kg of initial bodyweight. Pigs were distributed in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement, consisting of two genders (male and female) and five dietary levels of lycopene (0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5 and 50.0 mg/kg of diet) supplemented for 28 days. It was observed that gilts presented with average daily feed intake (P = 0.001) being lower and the gain:feed ratio (P = 0.001) higher than for barrows. Increasing dietary lycopene concentration provided a linear decrease in the gene expression of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD1; P = 0.018) and catalase (P = 0.001) in the liver of gilts. The gilts showed a lower gene expression than did barrows for SOD1 gene (P = 0.001) receiving 50.0 mg lycopene/kg of diet and for catalase gene (P = 0.001) receiving of 0, 12.5 and 50.0 mg lycopene/kg of diet. Glutathione peroxidase showed a lower expression (P = 0.001) for gilts than for barrows. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and LDL:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio decreased (P = 0.001) as lycopene concentration increased in the diet. Increasing dietary lycopene in pig diets improved the lipid profile of the blood plasma, providing an increase in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL; P = 0.001). Gilts had greater plasma concentrations of urea (P = 0.001) and triglycerides (P = 0.001) and lower concentrations of HDL (P = 0.001), LDL (P = 0.001) and a lower LDL:HDL ratio (P = 0.004) than did barrows. Dietary lycopene up to 50 mg/kg does not affect the growth performance of pigs, acting as a potent modulator of the lipid profile and also reducing the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins, while increasing the high-density lipoproteins. In addition, lycopene also reduces the gene expression of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes in the liver of gilts.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:26:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-06-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-11-12T17:34:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-99402016000200202.pdf: 193986 bytes, checksum: 0f2fb2e71102b32a3c30e1b6b67b67e9 (MD5) RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo, determinar a composição química, a energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para o nitrogênio (EMAn) e a metabolizabilidade da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) do farelo da semente de maracujá (FSM) para codornas. Foram utilizadas 100 codornas de corte (Coturnix coturnix japonica) com 21 dias de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, cinco repetições e quatro aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos constituíram de diferentes níveis de FSM (4,0; 8,0; 12,0; 16,0%) em substituição a ração referência. Valores metabolizáveis foram determinados por ajuste de equações lineares. O FSM pode ser caracterizado como um alimento alternativo para codornas de corte e seus principais compostos são a energia bruta (5.569 kcal kg-1), PB (11,34%), EE (18,84%) e FDN (50,22%), na matéria natural. Foram ajustadas as equações EMA = 2.976 + 5,877 x (r2 = 0,94) e EMAn = 2.939 + 4,864 x (r2 = 0,95), assim, a EMA e EMAn foram estimadas em 2.976 e 2.939 kcal kg-1, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, foram ajustadas equações para PB, EE, FDN e MS resultando em valores metabolizáveis de 6,35, 17,9, 12,48 e 45,66%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que os principais componentes do farelo da semente de maracujá são a energia bruta, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e fibra em detergente neutro, e a EMA e EMAn para codornas de corte é de 2.976 e 2.939 kcal kg-1, respectivamente. SUMMARY The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) and the metabolizability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of passion fruit seed meal (PFM) for quails. One hundred meat quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), with 21 days old, allotted in a completely randomized design, with four treatments, five replicates and four animals per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of different levels PFM (4.0, 8.0, 12.0 and 16.0%) that replaced the basal diet (w/w). Metabolizable values were determined by fitting linear equations the PFM can be characterized as an alternative feedstuff for meat quails and the main chemical compounds are gross energy (5,569 kcal kg-1), CP (11.34%), EE (18.84%) and NDF (50.22%), as fed basis. Linear equations were fitted as follow: AME = 2,976 x + 5.877 (r2 = 0.94) and AMEn = 2,939 x + 4.864 (r2 = 0.95), thus AME and AMEn were estimated at 2,976 and 2,939 kcal kg-1, respectively. Additionaly, equations were adjusted for CP, EE, NFD and DM, respectively resulting in a metabolization of 6.35, 17.9, 12.48 and 45.66%. It is concluded that main components of the passion fruit seed meal are gross energy, crude protein, ether extract and neutral detergent fiber and its AME and AMEn for meat quails are 2,976 and 2,939 kcal kg-1, respectively. Universidade Estadual de Maringá Centro de Ciências Agrárias Universidade Estadual de Maringá Centro de Ciências Agrárias Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:30:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-11-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:04:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-90162018000600486.pdf: 590685 bytes, checksum: cc6dd4a0b6c41cc00e1e8284343b67f3 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Complex of Research Support Centers (COMCAP) The chemical composition of corn is variable and the knowledge of its chemical and energetic composition is required for an accurate formulation of the diet. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition, that is, dry matter (DM), mineral matter (MM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), gross energy (GE) and energetic values of different varieties (batches) of corn and validate mathematical models to predict the metabolizable energy values (ME) of corn for pigs using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Corn samples were scanned in the spectrum range between 1,100 and 2,500 nm, the model parameters were estimated by the modified partial least squares (MPLS) method. Ten prediction equations were inserted into the NIRS and used to estimate the ME values. The first degree linear regression models of the estimated ME values in function of the observed ME values were adjusted. The existence of a linear ratio was evaluated by detecting the significance to posterior estimates of the straight line parameters. The values of digestible energy and ME ranged from 3,400 to 3,752 and 3,244 to 3,611 kcal kg(-1), respectively. The prediction equations, ME1 = 4334 - 8.1MM + 4.1EE - 3.7NDF; ME2 ; = 4,194 - 9.2MM + 1.0CP + 4.1EE - 3.5NDF; and ME7 = 16.13 - 9.5NDF + 16EE + (23CP x NDF) - (138MM x NDF) were the most adequate to predict the ME values of corn by using NIRS. Univ Estadual Maringa, Dept Anim Sci, Av Colombo 5790, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil Univ Estadual Maringa, Dept Stat, Maringa, Parana, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, FMVZ, Dept Anim Prod, R Prof Dr Walter Mauricio Correa S-N, BR-18618681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, FMVZ, Dept Anim Prod, R Prof Dr Walter Mauricio Correa S-N, BR-18618681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil