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237 results on '"Marcel, Yves L."'

8. Stabilization of caveolin-1 by cellular cholesterol and scavenger receptor class B type I

Author

Frank, Philippe G., Marcel, Yves L., Connelly, Margery A., Lublin, Douglas M., Franklin, Vivian, Williams, David L., and Lisanti, Michael P.

Subjects
Cell membranes -- Physiological aspects, Structure-activity relationships (Biochemistry) -- Analysis, Cholesterol -- Physiological aspects, Homeostasis, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

Results point out that the stability of caveolin-1 protein is directly influenced by the cellular cholesterol levels without the involvement of transcription control. Data suggest that cholesterol and scavenger receptor class B type I are involved in the regulation of caveolin function in endothelial cells and macrophages.

Published
2002

9. High-density lipoprotein binding to scavenger receptor-BI activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase

Author

Yuhanna, Ivan S., Zhu, Yan, Cox, Blair E., Hahner, Lisa D., Osborne-Lawrence, Sherri, Lu, Ping, Marcel, Yves L., Anderson, Richard G.W., Mendelsohn, Michael E., Hobbs, Helen H., and Shaul, Philip W.

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease, and the risk for atherosclerosis is inversely proportional to circulating levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. However, the mechanisms by which HDL is atheroprotective are complex and not well understood. Here we show that HDL stimulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in cultured endothelial cells. In contrast, eNOS is not activated by purified forms of the major HDL apolipoproteins ApoA-I and ApoA-II or by low-density lipoprotein. Heterologous expression experiments in Chinese hamster ovary cells reveal that scavenger receptor-BI (SR-BI) mediates the effects of HDL on the enzyme. HDL activation of eNOS is demonstrable in isolated endothelial-cell caveolae where SR-BI and eNOS are colocalized, and the response in isolated plasma membranes is blocked by antibodies to ApoA-I and SR-BI, but not by antibody to ApoA-II. HDL also enhances endothelium- and nitric-oxide-dependent relaxation in aortae from wild-type mice, but not in aortae from homozygous null SR-BI knockout mice. Thus, HDL activates eNOS via SR-BI through a process that requires ApoA-I binding. The resulting increase in nitric-oxide production might be critical to the atheroprotective properties of HDL and ApoA-I., Author(s): Ivan S. Yuhanna [1]; Yan Zhu [4]; Blair E. Cox [1]; Lisa D. Hahner [1]; Sherri Osborne-Lawrence [1]; Ping Lu [4]; Yves L. Marcel [5]; Richard G.W. Anderson [3]; [...]

Published
2001
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10. Deletion of the C-terminal domain of apoplipoprotein A-I impairs cell surface binding and lipid efflux in macrophage

Author

Burgess, Jim W., Frank, Philippe G., Franklin, Vivian, Liang, Ping, McManus, Dan C., Desforges, Marc, Rassart, Eric, and Marcel, Yves L.

Subjects
Cholesterol metabolism -- Research, Apolipoproteins -- Research, Binding sites (Biochemistry) -- Research, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

Cholesterol efflux from cells requires binding of the C-terminus of apolipoprotein A-I to a cell surface binding site. However, the amino acid residues 100 to 243 do not play an important rolel in cholesterol efflux from macrophages.

Published
1999

11. Effect of apolipoprotein A-I lipidation on the formation and function of pre-beta and alpha-migrating LpA-I particles

Author

Sparks, Daniel L., Frank, Philippe G., Braschi, Sylvie, Neville, Tracey A.-M., and Marcel, Yves L.

Subjects
Lipoproteins -- Research, Lipid research -- Analysis, Cholesterol -- Research, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

A study was conducted to analyze a novel class of lipid-poor high-density lipoprotein, prebeta1 HDL. It was shown to support distinct functional properties related to intravascular cholesterol transport. The structure and function characteristics of the HDL particles and the factors that influence their conversion into multimolecular lipoprotein particles were also examined. Moreover, size-exclusion chromatography was carried out to isolate purified apoA-I.

Published
1999

12. ApoE of the HepG2 cell surface includes a major pool associated with chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans

Author

Burges, Jim W., Liang, Ping, Vaidyanath, Chantal, and Marcel, Yves L.

Subjects
Apolipoproteins -- Analysis, Plasma membranes -- Analysis, Proteoglycans -- Analysis, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

A study was conducted to analyze how cell surface apoliprotein E (apoE) contributes to lipoprotein metabolism. Membrane-associated molecules were characterized to determine their role in cell surface presentation and in controlling turnover and function of apoE. The results show that most of apoE combine with the cell surface by interacting with chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and that apoE found on the plasma membrane are lipidated.

Published
1999

14. Importance of central alpha-helices of human apolipoprotein A-I in the maturation of high-density lipoproteins

Author

Frank, Philippe G., N'Guyen, Duong, Franklin, Vivian, Neville, Tracey, Desforges, Marc, Rassart, Eric, Sparks, Daniel L., and Marcel, Yves L.

Subjects
Escherichia coli -- Research, Apolipoproteins -- Research, High density lipoproteins -- Research, Cholesterol -- Research, Fibroblasts -- Research, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

Research was conducted to examine the role of amphipathic alpha-helices in the ability of apolipoprotein A-I (apoAI) to promote cholesterol efflux from human skin fibroblasts and activate lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). Three apoA-I were designed and expressed in Escherichia coli. Results indicate that no specific sequence in the central odmain of apoA-I is necessary for efficient diffusional cholesterol efflux from normal fibroblasts. On the other hand, residues 1144-186 seem to be critical for optimum LCAT activation and cholesterol ester accumulation.

Published
1998

15. Deletion of central alpha-helices in human apolipoprotein A-I: effect on phospholipid association

Author

Frank, Philippe G., Bergeron, Jean, Emmanuel, Florence, Lavigne, Jean-Pierre, Sparks, Daniel L., Denefle, Patrice, Rassart, Eric, and Marcel, Yves L.

Subjects
Apolipoproteins -- Research, Circular dichroism -- Usage, Electrophoresis -- Usage, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

Mutants of the apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) prepared by deleting residues lying between positions 100 and 186 in the central alpha helices were studied as to their phospholipid binding activities. The results confirmed that the region from 100 to 186 is directly involved in the interactions of apoA-I with phospholipids, with the sequence 122-186 having a significant role in the initial association with the lipids while that of the region 100-121 takes care of making the complex stable.

Published
1997

17. Effect of the apolipoprotein A-I and surface lipid composition of reconstituted discoidal HDL on cholesterol efflux from cultured fibroblasts

Author

Zhao, Yuwei, Sparks, Daniel L., and Marcel, Yves L.

Subjects
Apolipoproteins -- Research, High density lipoproteins -- Research, Cholesterol -- Research, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

Five series of reconstituted discoidal high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles were produced and their constituents, apolipoprotein A-I, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine, unsterified cholesterol, phosphatidylinositol, or sphingomyelin, were systematically varied to study the relationship between HDL composition and cholesterol efflux from non-cholesterol-loaded human skin fibroblasts. Findings indicated that in contrast to interlipoprotein cholesterol transfers, the efflux of cholesterol from cultured fibroblasts is less sensitive to factors that affect the frequency of molecular collisions and more dependent on the ability of an HDL particle to adsorb and retain cholesterol molecules.

Published
1996

18. Serum albumin is a significant intermediate in cholesterol transfer between cells and lipoproteins

Author

Zhao, Yewei and Marcel, Yves L.

Subjects
Serum albumin -- Physiological aspects, Cholesterol metabolism -- Research, Lipoproteins -- Physiological aspects, Biological transport -- Research, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

Serum albumin has been used as a predictor of coronary heart diseases because of its association with cholesterol metabolism and the development of arteriosclerosis. Analysis of the movement of cholesterol into and out of non-cholesterol-loaded fibroblasts has revealed the involvement of albumin in cholesterol transport. Results have shown that albumin operates as a channel which enhances cholesterol transfer between cells and lipoproteins.

Published
1996

21. Apolipoprotein A-I conformation in discoidal particles: evidence for alternate structures

Author

Calabresi, Laura, Qiang-Hua Meng, Castro, Graciela R., and Marcel, Yves L.

Subjects
Antigenic determinants -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

A study of the immunoreactivity of epitopes in the apoA-I sequence (apolipoprotein A-I) in lipid-free apoA-I and lipid bound apoA-I show that lipid binding influences apoA-I conformation. Experiments used reconstituted discoidal lipoproteins, LpA-I, characterized by the number of apoA-I per particle, to indicate that particle size can change apoA-I conformation. Four LpA-I were used in the study, two in the Lp2A-I class with diameters of 7.8 and 9.6 nm, and two in the Lp3A-I class with diameters of 10.8 and 13.4 nm.

Published
1993

22. Cholesterol efflux from fibroblasts to discoidal lipoproteins with apolipoprotein A-I (LpA-I) increases with particle size but cholesterol transfer from LpA-I to lipoproteins decreases with size

Author

Agnani, Genevieve and Marcel, Yves L.

Subjects
Cholesterol metabolism -- Research, Lipoprotein A -- Research, Apolipoproteins -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

The role of discoidal lipoproteins in cellular cholesterol efflux mediation was examined using preparations of defined lipoproteins having 2,3 or 4 apolipoproteins (apo) A-I per particle (Lp2A-I, Lp3A-I and Lp4A-I). Their abilities as cellular cholesterol acceptors and as transporters of these cholesterol to other lipoproteins was also studied. A correlation was obtained between cholesterol efflux to these particles and apoA-I number, the apoA-I-to-phospholipid ratio and particle size. Discoidal particles of three or four apoA-I were found to be more stable and capable of binding with cholesterol.

Published
1993

31. Influence of caveolin-1 on cellular cholesterol efflux mediated by high-density lipoproteins

Author

FRANK, PHILIPPE G., GALBIATI, FERRUCCIO, VOLONTE, DANIELA, RAZANI, BABAK, COHEN, DAVID E., MARCEL, YVES L., and LISANTI, MICHAEL P.

Subjects
Cholesterol, HDL -- Physiological aspects, High density lipoproteins -- Physiological aspects, Plasma membranes -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Influence of caveolin-1 on cellular cholesterol efflux mediated by high-density lipoproteins. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 280: C1204-C1214, 2001.--Caveolin-1 is a principal structural component of caveolae membranes. These membrane microdomains participate in the regulation of signaling, transcytosis, and cholesterol homeostasis at the plasma membrane. In the present study, we determined the effect of caveolin-1 expression on cellular cholesterol efflux mediated by high-density lipoprotein (HDL). We evaluated this effect in parental NIH/3T3 cells as well as in two transformed NIH/3T3 cell lines in which caveolin-1 protein levels are dramatically downregulated. Compared with parental NIH/3T3 cells, these two transformed cell lines effluxed cholesterol more rapidly to HDL. In addition, NIH/3T3 cells harboring caveolin-1 antisense also effluxed cholesterol more rapidly to HDL. However, this effect was not due to changes in total cellular cholesterol content. We further showed that chronic HDL exposure reduced caveolin-1 protein expression in NIH/3T3 cells. HDL exposure also inhibited caveolin-1 promoter activity, suggesting a direct negative effect of HDL on caveolin-1 gene transcription. Moreover, we showed that HDL-induced downregulation of caveolin-1 prevents the uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in human endothelial cells. These data suggest a novel proatherogenic role for caveolin-1, i.e., regarding the uptake and/or transcytosis of modified lipoproteins. caveolin; oxidized low-density lipoprotein; sterol regulatory element-binding proteins

Published
2001

32. Evaluation of Apoptosis with 99mTc-rhAnnexin V-128 and Inflammation with 18F-FDG in a Low-Dose Irradiation Model of Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice

Author

Kamkar, Maryam, primary, Wei, Lihui, additional, Gaudet, Chantal, additional, Bugden, Michelle, additional, Petryk, Julia, additional, Duan, Yin, additional, Wyatt, Heather M., additional, Wells, R. Glenn, additional, Marcel, Yves L., additional, Priest, Nicholas D., additional, Mitchel, Ronald E.J., additional, and Ruddy, Terrence D., additional

Published
2016
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33. Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces the miR-33 locus to reprogram autophagy and host lipid metabolism

Author

Ouimet, Mireille, primary, Koster, Stefan, additional, Sakowski, Erik, additional, Ramkhelawon, Bhama, additional, van Solingen, Coen, additional, Oldebeken, Scott, additional, Karunakaran, Denuja, additional, Portal-Celhay, Cynthia, additional, Sheedy, Frederick J, additional, Ray, Tathagat Dutta, additional, Cecchini, Katharine, additional, Zamore, Philip D, additional, Rayner, Katey J, additional, Marcel, Yves L, additional, Philips, Jennifer A, additional, and Moore, Kathryn J, additional

Published
2016
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37. Molecular basis of lipid transfer protein deficiency in a family with increased high-density lipoproteins

Author

Brown, Maryanne L., Inazu, Akihiro, Hesler, Charles B., Agellon, Luis B., Mann, Chris, Whitlock, Mary E., Marcel, Yves L., Milne, Ross W., Koizumi, Junji, Mabuchi, Hiroshi, Takeda, Ryoyu, and Tall, Alan R.

Subjects
Protein deficiency -- Genetic aspects, Atherosclerosis -- Genetic aspects, High density lipoproteins -- Research, Lipid metabolism -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Published
1989

38. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy.

Author

Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB): Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (Krüger Group) [research center], Klionsky, Daniel J., Abdalla, Fabio C., Abeliovich, Hagai, Abraham, Robert T., Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adeli, Khosrow, Agholme, Lotta, Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio A., Ahn, Hyung Jun, Ait-Mohamed, Ouardia, Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane, Akematsu, Takahiko, Akira, Shizuo, Al-Younes, Hesham M., Al-Zeer, Munir A., Albert, Matthew L., Albin, Roger L., Alegre-Abarrategui, Javier, Aleo, Maria Francesca, Alirezaei, Mehrdad, Almasan, Alexandru, Almonte-Becerril, Maylin, Amano, Atsuo, Amaravadi, Ravi, Amarnath, Shoba, Amer, Amal O., Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie, Anantharam, Vellareddy, Ann, David K., Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, Aoki, Hiroshi, Apostolova, Nadezda, Arancia, Giuseppe, Aris, John P., Asanuma, Katsuhiko, Asare, Nana Y. O., Ashida, Hisashi, Askanas, Valerie, Askew, David S., Auberger, Patrick, Baba, Misuzu, Backues, Steven K., Baehrecke, Eric H., Bahr, Ben A., Bai, Xue-Yuan, Bailly, Yannick, Baiocchi, Robert, Baldini, Giulia, Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Bamber, Bruce A., Bampton, Edward T. W., Banhegyi, Gabor, Bartholomew, Clinton R., Bassham, Diane C., Bast, Robert C. Jr, Batoko, Henri, Bay, Boon-Huat, Beau, Isabelle, Bechet, Daniel M., Begley, Thomas J., Behl, Christian, Behrends, Christian, Bekri, Soumeya, Bellaire, Bryan, Bendall, Linda J., Benetti, Luca, Berliocchi, Laura, Bernardi, Henri, Bernassola, Francesca, Besteiro, Sebastien, Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid, Bi, Xiaoning, Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine, Blum, Janice S., Boise, Lawrence H., Bonaldo, Paolo, Boone, David L., Bornhauser, Beat C., Bortoluci, Karina R., Bossis, Ioannis, Bost, Frederic, Bourquin, Jean-Pierre, Boya, Patricia, Boyer-Guittaut, Michael, Bozhkov, Peter V., Brady, Nathan R., Brancolini, Claudio, Brech, Andreas, Brenman, Jay E., Brennand, Ana, Bresnick, Emery H., Brest, Patrick, Bridges, Dave, Bristol, Molly L., Brookes, Paul S., Brown, Eric J., Brumell, John H., Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Brunk, Ulf T., Bulman, Dennis E., Bultman, Scott J., Bultynck, Geert, Burbulla, Lena F., Bursch, Wilfried, Butchar, Jonathan P., Buzgariu, Wanda, Bydlowski, Sergio P., Cadwell, Ken, Cahova, Monika, Cai, Dongsheng, Cai, Jiyang, Cai, Qian, Calabretta, Bruno, Calvo-Garrido, Javier, Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campos-Salinas, Jenny, Candi, Eleonora, Cao, Lizhi, Caplan, Allan B., Carding, Simon R., Cardoso, Sandra M., Carew, Jennifer S., Carlin, Cathleen R., Carmignac, Virginie, Carneiro, Leticia A. M., Carra, Serena, Caruso, Rosario A., Casari, Giorgio, Casas, Caty, Castino, Roberta, Cebollero, Eduardo, Cecconi, Francesco, Celli, Jean, Chaachouay, Hassan, Chae, Han-Jung, Chai, Chee-Yin, Chan, David C., Chan, Edmond Y., Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung, Che, Chi-Ming, Chen, Ching-Chow, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Guo-Qiang, Chen, Min, Chen, Quan, Chen, Steve S.-L., Chen, Wenli, Chen, Xihui, Chen, Xiangmei, Chen, Xiequn, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongqiang, Chen, Yu-Jen, Chen, Zhixiang, Cheng, Alan, Cheng, Christopher H. K., Cheng, Yan, Cheong, Heesun, Cheong, Jae-Ho, Cherry, Sara, Chess-Williams, Russ, Cheung, Zelda H., Chevet, Eric, Chiang, Hui-Ling, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiba, Tomoki, Chin, Lih-Shen, Chiou, Shih-Hwa, Chisari, Francis V., Cho, Chi Hin, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Choi, Augustine M. K., Choi, Dooseok, Choi, Kyeong Sook, Choi, Mary E., Chouaib, Salem, Choubey, Divaker, Choubey, Vinay, Chu, Charleen T., Chuang, Tsung-Hsien, Chueh, Sheau-Huei, Chun, Taehoon, Chwae, Yong-Joon, Chye, Mee-Len, Ciarcia, Roberto, Ciriolo, Maria R., Clague, Michael J., Clark, Robert S. B., Clarke, Peter G. H., Clarke, Robert, Codogno, Patrice, Coller, Hilary A., Colombo, Maria I., Comincini, Sergio, Condello, Maria, Condorelli, Fabrizio, Cookson, Mark R., Coombs, Graham H., Coppens, Isabelle, Corbalan, Ramon, Cossart, Pascale, Costelli, Paola, Costes, Safia, Coto-Montes, Ana, Couve, Eduardo, Coxon, Fraser P., Cregg, James M., Crespo, Jose L., Cronje, Marianne J., Cuervo, Ana Maria, Cullen, Joseph J., Czaja, Mark J., D'Amelio, Marcello, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Davids, Lester M., Davies, Faith E., De Felici, Massimo, de Groot, John F., de Haan, Cornelis A. M., De Martino, Luisa, De Milito, Angelo, De Tata, Vincenzo, Debnath, Jayanta, Degterev, Alexei, Dehay, Benjamin, Delbridge, Lea M. D., Demarchi, Francesca, Deng, Yi Zhen, Dengjel, Jorn, Dent, Paul, Denton, Donna, Deretic, Vojo, Desai, Shyamal D., Devenish, Rodney J., Di Gioacchino, Mario, Di Paolo, Gilbert, Di Pietro, Chiara, Diaz-Araya, Guillermo, Diaz-Laviada, Ines, Diaz-Meco, Maria T., Diaz-Nido, Javier, Dikic, Ivan, Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma P., Ding, Wen-Xing, Distelhorst, Clark W., Diwan, Abhinav, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dokudovskaya, Svetlana, Dong, Zheng, Dorsey, Frank C., Dosenko, Victor, Dowling, James J., Doxsey, Stephen, Dreux, Marlene, Drew, Mark E., Duan, Qiuhong, Duchosal, Michel A., Duff, Karen, Dugail, Isabelle, Durbeej, Madeleine, Duszenko, Michael, Edelstein, Charles L., Edinger, Aimee L., Egea, Gustavo, Eichinger, Ludwig, Eissa, N. Tony, Ekmekcioglu, Suhendan, El-Deiry, Wafik S., Elazar, Zvulun, Elgendy, Mohamed, Ellerby, Lisa M., Eng, Kai Er, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, Engelender, Simone, Erenpreisa, Jekaterina, Escalante, Ricardo, Esclatine, Audrey, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Espert, Lucile, Espina, Virginia, Fan, Huizhou, Fan, Jia, Fan, Qi-Wen, Fan, Zhen, Fang, Shengyun, Fang, Yongqi, Fanto, Manolis, Fanzani, Alessandro, Farkas, Thomas, Farre, Jean-Claude, Faure, Mathias, Fechheimer, Marcus, Feng, Carl G., Feng, Jian, Feng, Qili, Feng, Youji, Fesus, Laszlo, Feuer, Ralph, Figueiredo-Pereira, Maria E., Fimia, Gian Maria, Fingar, Diane C., Finkbeiner, Steven, Finkel, Toren, Finley, Kim D., Fiorito, Filomena, Fisher, Edward A., Fisher, Paul B., Flajolet, Marc, Florez-McClure, Maria L., Florio, Salvatore, Fon, Edward A., Fornai, Francesco, Fortunato, Franco, Fotedar, Rati, Fowler, Daniel H., Fox, Howard S., Franco, Rodrigo, Frankel, Lisa B., Fransen, Marc, Fuentes, Jose M., Fueyo, Juan, Fujii, Jun, Fujisaki, Kozo, Fujita, Eriko, Fukuda, Mitsunori, Furukawa, Ruth H., Gaestel, Matthias, Gailly, Philippe, Gajewska, Malgorzata, Galliot, Brigitte, Galy, Vincent, Ganesh, Subramaniam, Ganetzky, Barry, Ganley, Ian G., Gao, Fen-Biao, Gao, George F., Gao, Jinming, Garcia, Lorena, Garcia-Manero, Guillermo, Garcia-Marcos, Mikel, Garmyn, Marjan, Gartel, Andrei L., Gatti, Evelina, Gautel, Mathias, Gawriluk, Thomas R., Gegg, Matthew E., Geng, Jiefei, Germain, Marc, Gestwicki, Jason E., Gewirtz, David A., Ghavami, Saeid, Ghosh, Pradipta, Giammarioli, Anna M., Giatromanolaki, Alexandra N., Gibson, Spencer B., Gilkerson, Robert W., Ginger, Michael L., Ginsberg, Henry N., Golab, Jakub, Goligorsky, Michael S., Golstein, Pierre, Gomez-Manzano, Candelaria, Goncu, Ebru, Gongora, Celine, Gonzalez, Claudio D., Gonzalez, Ramon, Gonzalez-Estevez, Cristina, Gonzalez-Polo, Rosa Ana, Gonzalez-Rey, Elena, Gorbunov, Nikolai V., Gorski, Sharon, Goruppi, Sandro, Gottlieb, Roberta A., Gozuacik, Devrim, Granato, Giovanna Elvira, Grant, Gary D., Green, Kim N., Gregorc, Ales, Gros, Frederic, Grose, Charles, Grunt, Thomas W., Gual, Philippe, Guan, Jun-Lin, Guan, Kun-Liang, Guichard, Sylvie M., Gukovskaya, Anna S., Gukovsky, Ilya, Gunst, Jan, Gustafsson, Asa B., Halayko, Andrew J., Hale, Amber N., Halonen, Sandra K., Hamasaki, Maho, Han, Feng, Han, Ting, Hancock, Michael K., Hansen, Malene, Harada, Hisashi, Harada, Masaru, Hardt, Stefan E., Harper, J. Wade, Harris, Adrian L., Harris, James, Harris, Steven D., Hashimoto, Makoto, Haspel, Jeffrey A., Hayashi, Shin-Ichiro, Hazelhurst, Lori A., He, Congcong, He, You-Wen, Hebert, Marie-Josee, Heidenreich, Kim A., Helfrich, Miep H., Helgason, Gudmundur V., Henske, Elizabeth P., Herman, Brian, Herman, Paul K., Hetz, Claudio, Hilfiker, Sabine, Hill, Joseph A., Hocking, Lynne J., Hofman, Paul, Hofmann, Thomas G., Hohfeld, Jorg, Holyoake, Tessa L., Hong, Ming-Huang, Hood, David A., Hotamisligil, Gokhan S., Houwerzijl, Ewout J., Hoyer-Hansen, Maria, Hu, Bingren, Hu, Chien-An A., Hu, Hong-Ming, Hua, Ya, Huang, Canhua, Huang, Ju, Huang, Shengbing, Huang, Wei-Pang, Huber, Tobias B., Huh, Won-Ki, Hung, Tai-Ho, Hupp, Ted R., Hur, Gang Min, Hurley, James B., Hussain, Sabah N. A., Hussey, Patrick J., Hwang, Jung Jin, Hwang, Seungmin, Ichihara, Atsuhiro, Ilkhanizadeh, Shirin, Inoki, Ken, Into, Takeshi, Iovane, Valentina, Iovanna, Juan L., Ip, Nancy Y., Isaka, Yoshitaka, Ishida, Hiroyuki, Isidoro, Ciro, Isobe, Ken-Ichi, Iwasaki, Akiko, Izquierdo, Marta, Izumi, Yotaro, Jaakkola, Panu M., Jaattela, Marja, Jackson, George R., Jackson, William T., Janji, Bassam, Jendrach, Marina, Jeon, Ju-Hong, Jeung, Eui-Bae, Jiang, Hong, Jiang, Hongchi, Jiang, Jean X., Jiang, Ming, Jiang, Qing, Jiang, Xuejun, Jimenez, Alberto, Jin, Meiyan, Jin, Shengkan, Joe, Cheol O., Johansen, Terje, Johnson, Daniel E., Johnson, Gail V. W., Jones, Nicola L., Joseph, Bertrand, Joseph, Suresh K., Joubert, Annie M., Juhasz, Gabor, Juillerat-Jeanneret, Lucienne, Jung, Chang Hwa, Jung, Yong-Keun, Kaarniranta, Kai, Kaasik, Allen, Kabuta, Tomohiro, Kadowaki, Motoni, Kagedal, Katarina, Kamada, Yoshiaki, Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O., Kampinga, Harm H., Kanamori, Hiromitsu, Kang, Chanhee, Kang, Khong Bee, Kang, Kwang Il, Kang, Rui, Kang, Yoon-A., Kanki, Tomotake, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi, Kanno, Haruo, Kanthasamy, Anumantha G., Kanthasamy, Arthi, Karantza, Vassiliki, Kaushal, Gur P., Kaushik, Susmita, Kawazoe, Yoshinori, Ke, Po-Yuan, Kehrl, John H., Kelekar, Ameeta, Kerkhoff, Claus, Kessel, David H., Khalil, Hany, Kiel, Jan A. K. W., Kiger, Amy A., Kihara, Akio, Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Do-Hyung, Kim, Dong-Hou, Kim, Eun-Kyoung, Kim, Hyung-Ryong, Kim, Jae-Sung, Kim, Jeong Hun, Kim, Jin Cheon, Kim, John K., Kim, Peter K., Kim, Seong Who, Kim, Yong-Sun, Kim, Yonghyun, Kimchi, Adi, Kimmelman, Alec C., King, Jason S., Kinsella, Timothy J., Kirkin, Vladimir, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A., Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, Kitazato, Kaio, Klein, Ludger, Klimecki, Walter T., Klucken, Jochen, Knecht, Erwin, Ko, Ben C. B., Koch, Jan C., Koga, Hiroshi, Koh, Jae-Young, Koh, Young Ho, Koike, Masato, Komatsu, Masaaki, Kominami, Eiki, Kong, Hee Jeong, Kong, Wei-Jia, Korolchuk, Viktor I., Kotake, Yaichiro, Koukourakis, Michael I., Kouri Flores, Juan B., Kovacs, Attila L., Kraft, Claudine, Krainc, Dimitri, Kramer, Helmut, Kretz-Remy, Carole, Krichevsky, Anna M., Kroemer, Guido, Krüger, Rejko, Krut, Oleg, Ktistakis, Nicholas T., Kuan, Chia-Yi, Kucharczyk, Roza, Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Raj, Kumar, Sharad, Kundu, Mondira, Kung, Hsing-Jien, Kurz, Tino, Kwon, Ho Jeong, La Spada, Albert R., Lafont, Frank, Lamark, Trond, Landry, Jacques, Lane, Jon D., Lapaquette, Pierre, Laporte, Jocelyn F., Laszlo, Lajos, Lavandero, Sergio, Lavoie, Josee N., Layfield, Robert, Lazo, Pedro A., Le, Weidong, Le Cam, Laurent, Ledbetter, Daniel J., Lee, Alvin J. 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Javier, Olsen, Laura J., Olsson, Stefan, Opota, Onya, Osborne, Timothy F., Ostrander, Gary K., Otsu, Kinya, Ou, Jing-Hsiung James, Ouimet, Mireille, Overholtzer, Michael, Ozpolat, Bulent, Paganetti, Paolo, Pagnini, Ugo, Pallet, Nicolas, Palmer, Glen E., Palumbo, Camilla, Pan, Tianhong, Panaretakis, Theocharis, Pandey, Udai Bhan, Papackova, Zuzana, Papassideri, Issidora, Paris, Irmgard, Park, Junsoo, Park, Ohkmae K., Parys, Jan B., Parzych, Katherine R., Patschan, Susann, Patterson, Cam, Pattingre, Sophie, Pawelek, John M., Peng, Jianxin, Perlmutter, David H., Perrotta, Ida, Perry, George, Pervaiz, Shazib, Peter, Matthias, Peters, Godefridus J., Petersen, Morten, Petrovski, Goran, Phang, James M., Piacentini, Mauro, Pierre, Philippe, Pierrefite-Carle, Valerie, Pierron, Gerard, Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit, Piras, Antonio, Piri, Natik, Platanias, Leonidas C., Poggeler, Stefanie, Poirot, Marc, Poletti, Angelo, Pous, Christian, Pozuelo-Rubio, Mercedes, Praetorius-Ibba, Mette, Prasad, Anil, Prescott, Mark, Priault, Muriel, Produit-Zengaffinen, Nathalie, Progulske-Fox, Ann, Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula, Przedborski, Serge, Przyklenk, Karin, Puertollano, Rosa, Puyal, Julien, Qian, Shu-Bing, Qin, Liang, Qin, Zheng-Hong, Quaggin, Susan E., Raben, Nina, Rabinowich, Hannah, Rabkin, Simon W., Rahman, Irfan, Rami, Abdelhaq, Ramm, Georg, Randall, Glenn, Randow, Felix, Rao, V. 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Abstract

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused o

Published
2012
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39. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy

Author

Klionsky, Daniel J, Abdalla, Fabio C, Abeliovich, Hagai, Abraham, Robert T, Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adeli, Khosrow, Agholme, Lotta, Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio A, Ahn, Hyung Jun, Ait-Mohamed, Ouardia, Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane, Akematsu, Takahiko, Akira, Shizuo, Al-Younes, Hesham M, Al-Zeer, Munir A, Albert, Matthew L, Albin, Roger L, Alegre-Abarrategui, Javier, Aleo, Maria Francesca, Alirezaei, Mehrdad, Almasan, Alexandru, Almonte-Becerril, Maylin, Amano, Atsuo, Amaravadi, Ravi, Amarnath, Shoba, Amer, Amal O, Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie, Anantharam, Vellareddy, Ann, David K, Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, Aoki, Hiroshi, Apostolova, Nadezda, Auberger, Patrick, Baba, Misuzu, Backues, Steven K, Baehrecke, Eric H, Bahr, Ben A, Bai, Xue-Yuan, Bailly, Yannick, Baiocchi, Robert, Baldini, Giulia, Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Bamber, Bruce A, Bampton, Edward T W, Bánhegyi, Gábor, Bartholomew, Clinton R, Bassham, Diane C, Bast, Robert C, Batoko, Henri, Bay, Boon-Huat, Beau, Isabelle, Béchet, Daniel M, Begley, Thomas J, Behl, Christian, Behrends, Christian, Bekri, Soumeya, Bellaire, Bryan, Bendall, Linda J, Benetti, Luca, Berliocchi, Laura, Bernardi, Henri, Bernassola, Francesca, Besteiro, Sébastien, Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid, Bi, Xiaoning, Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine, Blum, Janice S, Boise, Lawrence H, Bonaldo, Paolo, Boone, David L, Bornhauser, Beat C, Bortoluci, Karina R, Bossis, Ioannis, Bost, Frédéric, Bourquin, Jean-Pierre, Boya, Patricia, Boyer-Guittaut, Michaël, Bozhkov, Peter V, Brady, Nathan R, Brancolini, Claudio, Brech, Andreas, Brenman, Jay E, Brennand, Ana, Bresnick, Emery H, Brest, Patrick, Bridges, Dave, Bristol, Molly L, Brookes, Paul S, Brown, Eric J, Brumell, John H, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Brunk, Ulf T, Bulman, Dennis E, Bultman, Scott J, Bultynck, Geert, Burbulla, Lena F, Bursch, Wilfried, Butchar, Jonathan P, Buzgariu, Wanda, Bydlowski, Sergio P, Cadwell, Ken, Cahová, Monika, Cai, Dongsheng, Cai, Jiyang, Cai, Qian, Calabretta, Bruno, Calvo-Garrido, Javier, Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campos-Salinas, Jenny, Candi, Eleonora, Cao, Lizhi, Caplan, Allan B, Carding, Simon R, Cardoso, Sandra M, Carew, Jennifer S, Carlin, Cathleen R, Carmignac, Virginie, Carneiro, Leticia A M, Carra, Serena, Caruso, Rosario A, Casari, Giorgio, Casas, Caty, Castino, Roberta, Cebollero, Eduardo, Cecconi, Francesco, Celli, Jean, Chaachouay, Hassan, Chae, Han-Jung, Chai, Chee-Yin, Chan, David C, Chan, Edmond Y, Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung, Che, Chi-Ming, Chen, Ching-Chow, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Guo-Qiang, Chen, Min, Chen, Quan, Chen, Steve S-L, Chen, WenLi, Chen, Xi, Chen, Xiangmei, Chen, Xiequn, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongqiang, Chen, Yu-Jen, Chen, Zhixiang, Cheng, Alan, Cheng, Christopher H K, Cheng, Yan, Cheong, Heesun, Cheong, Jae-Ho, Cherry, Sara, Chess-Williams, Russ, Cheung, Zelda H, Chevet, Eric, Chiang, Hui-Ling, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiba, Tomoki, Chin, Lih-Shen, Chiou, Shih-Hwa, Chisari, Francis V, Cho, Chi Hin, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Choi, Augustine M K, Choi, DooSeok, Choi, Kyeong Sook, Choi, Mary E, Chouaib, Salem, Choubey, Divaker, Choubey, Vinay, Chu, Charleen T, Chuang, Tsung-Hsien, Chueh, Sheau-Huei, Chun, Taehoon, Chwae, Yong-Joon, Chye, Mee-Len, Ciarcia, Roberto, Ciriolo, Maria R, Clague, Michael J, Clark, Robert S B, Clarke, Peter G H, Clarke, Robert, Codogno, Patrice, Coller, Hilary A, Colombo, María I, Comincini, Sergio, Condello, Maria, Condorelli, Fabrizio, Cookson, Mark R, Coombs, Graham H, Coppens, Isabelle, Corbalan, Ramon, Cossart, Pascale, Costelli, Paola, Costes, Safia, Coto-Montes, Ana, Couve, Eduardo, Coxon, Fraser P, Cregg, James M, Crespo, José L, Cronjé, Marianne J, Cuervo, Ana Maria, Cullen, Joseph J, Czaja, Mark J, D'Amelio, Marcello, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Davids, Lester M, Davies, Faith E, De Felici, Massimo, de Groot, John F, de Haan, Cornelis A M, De Martino, Luisa, De Milito, Angelo, De Tata, Vincenzo, Debnath, Jayanta, Degterev, Alexei, Dehay, Benjamin, Delbridge, Lea M D, Demarchi, Francesca, Deng, Yi Zhen, Dengjel, Jörn, Dent, Paul, Denton, Donna, Deretic, Vojo, Desai, Shyamal D, Devenish, Rodney J, Di Gioacchino, Mario, Di Paolo, Gilbert, Di Pietro, Chiara, Díaz-Araya, Guillermo, Díaz-Laviada, Inés, Diaz-Meco, Maria T, Diaz-Nido, Javier, Dikic, Ivan, Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma P, Ding, Wen-Xing, Distelhorst, Clark W, Diwan, Abhinav, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dokudovskaya, Svetlana, Dong, Zheng, Dorsey, Frank C, Dosenko, Victor, Dowling, James J, Doxsey, Stephen, Dreux, Marlène, Drew, Mark E, Duan, Qiuhong, Duchosal, Michel A, Duff, Karen, Dugail, Isabelle, Durbeej, Madeleine, Duszenko, Michael, Edelstein, Charles L, Edinger, Aimee L, Egea, Gustavo, Eichinger, Ludwig, Eissa, N Tony, Ekmekcioglu, Suhendan, El-Deiry, Wafik S, Elazar, Zvulun, Elgendy, Mohamed, Ellerby, Lisa M, Eng, Kai Er, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, Engelender, Simone, Erenpreisa, Jekaterina, Escalante, Ricardo, Esclatine, Audrey, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Espert, Lucile, Espina, Virginia, Fan, Huizhou, Fan, Jia, Fan, Qi-Wen, Fan, Zhen, Fang, Shengyun, Fang, Yongqi, Fanto, Manolis, Fanzani, Alessandro, Farkas, Thomas, Farré, Jean-Claude, Faure, Mathias, Fechheimer, Marcus, Feng, Carl G, Feng, Jian, Feng, Qili, Feng, Youji, Fésüs, László, Feuer, Ralph, Figueiredo-Pereira, Maria E, Fimia, Gian Maria, Fingar, Diane C, Finkbeiner, Steven, Finkel, Toren, Finley, Kim D, Fiorito, Filomena, Fisher, Edward A, Fisher, Paul B, Flajolet, Marc, Florez-McClure, Maria L, Florio, Salvatore, Fon, Edward A, Fornai, Francesco, Fortunato, Franco, Fotedar, Rati, Fowler, Daniel H, Fox, Howard S, Franco, Rodrigo, Frankel, Lisa B, Fransen, Marc, Fuentes, José M, Fueyo, Juan, Fujii, Jun, Fujisaki, Kozo, Fujita, Eriko, Fukuda, Mitsunori, Furukawa, Ruth H, Gaestel, Matthias, Gailly, Philippe, Gajewska, Malgorzata, Galliot, Brigitte, Galy, Vincent, Ganesh, Subramaniam, Ganetzky, Barry, Ganley, Ian G, Gao, Fen-Biao, Gao, George F, Gao, Jinming, Garcia, Lorena, Garcia-Manero, Guillermo, Garcia-Marcos, Mikel, Garmyn, Marjan, Gartel, Andrei L, Gatti, Evelina, Gautel, Mathias, Gawriluk, Thomas R, Gegg, Matthew E, Geng, Jiefei, Germain, Marc, Gestwicki, Jason E, Gewirtz, David A, Ghavami, Saeid, Ghosh, Pradipta, Giammarioli, Anna M, Giatromanolaki, Alexandra N, Gibson, Spencer B, Gilkerson, Robert W, Ginger, Michael L, Goncu, Ebru, Gongora, Céline, Gonzalez, Claudio D, Gonzalez, Ramon, González-Estévez, Cristina, González-Polo, Rosa Ana, Gonzalez-Rey, Elena, Gorbunov, Nikolai V, Gorski, Sharon, Goruppi, Sandro, Gottlieb, Roberta A, Gozuacik, Devrim, Granato, Giovanna Elvira, Grant, Gary D, Green, Kim N, Gregorc, Aleš, Gros, Frédéric, Grose, Charles, Grunt, Thomas W, Gual, Philippe, Guan, Jun-Lin, Guan, Kun-Liang, Guichard, Sylvie M, Gukovskaya, Anna S, Gukovsky, Ilya, Gunst, Jan, Gustafsson, Asa B, Halayko, Andrew J, Hale, Amber N, Halonen, Sandra K, Hamasaki, Maho, Han, Feng, Han, Ting, Hancock, Michael K, Hansen, Malene, Harada, Hisashi, Harada, Masaru, Hardt, Stefan E, Harper, J Wade, Harris, Adrian L, Harris, James, Harris, Steven D, Hébert, Marie-Joseé, Heidenreich, Kim A, Helfrich, Miep H, Helgason, Gudmundur V, Henske, Elizabeth P, Herman, Brian, Herman, Paul K, Hetz, Claudio, Hilfiker, Sabine, Hill, Joseph A, Hocking, Lynne J, Hofman, Paul, Hofmann, Thomas G, Höhfeld, Jörg, Holyoake, Tessa L, Hong, Ming-Huang, Hood, David A, Hotamisligil, Gökhan S, Houwerzijl, Ewout J, Høyer-Hansen, Maria, Hu, Bingren, Hu, Chien-An A, Hu, Hong-Ming, Hua, Ya, Huang, Canhua, Huang, Ju, Huang, Shengbing, Huang, Wei-Pang, Huber, Tobias B, Huh, Won-Ki, Hung, Tai-Ho, Hupp, Ted R, Hur, Gang Min, Hurley, James B, Hussain, Sabah N A, Hussey, Patrick J, Hwang, Jung Jin, Hwang, Seungmin, Ichihara, Atsuhiro, Ilkhanizadeh, Shirin, Inoki, Ken, Into, Takeshi, Iovane, Valentina, Iovanna, Juan L, Ip, Nancy Y, Isaka, Yoshitaka, Ishida, Hiroyuki, Isidoro, Ciro, Isobe, Ken-ichi, Iwasaki, Akiko, Izquierdo, Marta, Izumi, Yotaro, Jaakkola, Panu M, Jäättelä, Marja, Jackson, George R, Jackson, William T, Janji, Bassam, Jendrach, Marina, Jeon, Ju-Hong, Jeung, Eui-Bae, Jiang, Hong, Jiang, Hongchi, Jiang, Jean X, Jiang, Ming, Jiang, Qing, Jiang, Xuejun, Jiménez, Alberto, Jin, Meiyan, Jin, Shengkan, Joe, Cheol O, Johansen, Terje, Johnson, Daniel E, Johnson, Gail V W, Jones, Nicola L, Joseph, Bertrand, Joseph, Suresh K, Joubert, Annie M, Juhász, Gábor, Juillerat-Jeanneret, Lucienne, Jung, Chang Hwa, Jung, Yong-Keun, Kaarniranta, Kai, Kaasik, Allen, Kabuta, Tomohiro, Kadowaki, Motoni, Kågedal, Katarina, Kamada, Yoshiaki, Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O, Kampinga, Harm H, Kanamori, Hiromitsu, Kang, Chanhee, Kang, Khong Bee, Kang, Kwang Il, Kang, Rui, Kang, Yoon-A, Kanki, Tomotake, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi, Kanno, Haruo, Kanthasamy, Anumantha G, Kanthasamy, Arthi, Karantza, Vassiliki, Kaushal, Gur P, Kaushik, Susmita, Kawazoe, Yoshinori, Ke, Po-Yuan, Kehrl, John H, Kelekar, Ameeta, Kerkhoff, Claus, Kessel, David H, Khalil, Hany, Kiel, Jan A K W, Kiger, Amy A, Kihara, Akio, Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Do-Hyung, Kim, Dong-Hou, Kim, Eun-Kyoung, Kim, Hyung-Ryong, Kim, Jae-Sung, Kim, Jeong Hun, Kim, Jin Cheon, Kim, John K, Kim, Peter K, Kim, Seong Who, Kim, Yong-Sun, Kim, Yonghyun, Kimchi, Adi, Kimmelman, Alec C, King, Jason S, Kinsella, Timothy J, Kirkin, Vladimir, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A, Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, Kitazato, Kaio, Klein, Ludger, Klimecki, Walter T, Klucken, Jochen, Knecht, Erwin, Ko, Ben C B, Koch, Jan C, Koga, Hiroshi, Koh, Jae-Young, Koh, Young Ho, Koike, Masato, Komatsu, Masaaki, Kominami, Eiki, Kong, Hee Jeong, Kong, Wei-Jia, Korolchuk, Viktor I, Kotake, Yaichiro, Koukourakis, Michael I, Kouri Flores, Juan B, Kovács, Attila L, Kraft, Claudine, Krainc, Dimitri, Krämer, Helmut, Kretz-Remy, Carole, Krichevsky, Anna M, Kroemer, Guido, Krüger, Rejko, Krut, Oleg, Ktistakis, Nicholas T, Kuan, Chia-Yi, Kucharczyk, Roza, Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Raj, Kumar, Sharad, Kundu, Mondira, Kung, Hsing-Jien, Kurz, Tino, Kwon, Ho Jeong, La Spada, Albert R, Lafont, Frank, Lamark, Trond, Landry, Jacques, Lane, Jon D, Lapaquette, Pierre, Laporte, Jocelyn F, László, Lajos, Lavandero, Sergio, Lavoie, Josée N, Layfield, Robert, Lazo, Pedro A, Le, Weidong, Le Cam, Laurent, Ledbetter, Daniel J, Lee, Alvin J X, Lee, Byung-Wan, Lee, Gyun Min, Lee, Jongdae, Lee, Ju-Hyun, Lee, Michael, Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Sug Hyung, Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, Legembre, Patrick, Legouis, Renaud, Lehmann, Michael, Lei, Huan-Yao, Lei, Qun-Ying, Leib, David A, Leiro, José, Lemasters, John J, Lemoine, Antoinette, Lesniak, Maciej S, Lev, Dina, Levenson, Victor V, Levine, Beth, Levy, Efrat, Li, Faqiang, Li, Jun-Lin, Li, Lian, Li, Sheng, Li, Weijie, Li, Xue-Jun, Li, Yan-bo, Li, Yi-Ping, Liang, Chengyu, Liang, Qiangrong, Liao, Yung-Feng, Liberski, Pawel P, Lieberman, Andrew, Lim, Hyunjung J, Lim, Kah-Leong, Lim, Kyu, Lin, Chiou-Feng, Lin, Fu-Cheng, Lin, Jian, Lin, Jiandie D, Lin, Kui, Lin, Wan-Wan, Lin, Weei-Chin, Lin, Yi-Ling, Linden, Rafael, Lingor, Paul, Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer, Lisanti, Michael P, Liton, Paloma B, Liu, Bo, Liu, Chun-Feng, Liu, Kaiyu, Liu, Leyuan, Liu, Qiong A, Liu, Wei, Liu, Young-Chau, Liu, Yule, Lockshin, Richard A, Lok, Chun-Nam, Lonial, Sagar, Loos, Benjamin, Lopez-Berestein, Gabriel, López-Otín, Carlos, Lossi, Laura, Lotze, Michael T, Lőw, Peter, Lu, Binfeng, Lu, Bingwei, Lu, Bo, Lu, Zhen, Luciano, Frédéric, Lukacs, Nicholas W, Lund, Anders H, Lynch-Day, Melinda A, Ma, Yong, Macian, Fernando, MacKeigan, Jeff P, Macleod, Kay F, Madeo, Frank, Maiuri, Luigi, Maiuri, Maria Chiara, Malagoli, Davide, Malicdan, May Christine V, Malorni, Walter, Man, Na, Mandelkow, Eva-Maria, Manon, Stéphen, Manov, Irena, Mao, Kai, Mao, Xiang, Mao, Zixu, Marambaud, Philippe, Marazziti, Daniela, Marcel, Yves L, Marchbank, Katie, Marchetti, Piero, Marciniak, Stefan J, Marcondes, Mateus, Mardi, Mohsen, Marfe, Gabriella, Mariño, Guillermo, Markaki, Maria, Marten, Mark R, Martin, Seamus J, Martinand-Mari, Camille, Martinet, Wim, Martinez-Vicente, Marta, Masini, Matilde, Matarrese, Paola, Matsuo, Saburo, Matteoni, Raffaele, Mayer, Andreas, Mazure, Nathalie M, McConkey, David J, McConnell, Melanie J, McDermott, Catherine, McDonald, Christine, McInerney, Gerald M, McKenna, Sharon L, McLaughlin, BethAnn, McLean, Pamela J, McMaster, Christopher R, McQuibban, G Angus, Meijer, Alfred J, Meisler, Miriam H, Meléndez, Alicia, Melia, Thomas J, Melino, Gerry, Mena, Maria A, Menendez, Javier A, Menna-Barreto, Rubem F S, Menon, Manoj B, Menzies, Fiona M, Mercer, Carol A, Merighi, Adalberto, Merry, Diane E, Meschini, Stefania, Meyer, Christian G, Meyer, Thomas F, Miao, Chao-Yu, Miao, Jun-Ying, Michels, Paul A M, Michiels, Carine, Mijaljica, Dalibor, Milojkovic, Ana, Minucci, Saverio, Miracco, Clelia, Miranti, Cindy K, Mitroulis, Ioannis, Miyazawa, Keisuke, Mizushima, Noboru, Mograbi, Baharia, Mohseni, Simin, Molero, Xavier, Mollereau, Bertrand, Mollinedo, Faustino, Momoi, Takashi, Monastyrska, Iryna, Monick, Martha M, Monteiro, Mervyn J, Moore, Michael N, Mora, Rodrigo, Moreau, Kevin, Moreira, Paula I, Moriyasu, Yuji, Moscat, Jorge, Mostowy, Serge, Mottram, Jeremy C, Motyl, Tomasz, Moussa, Charbel E-H, Müller, Sylke, Muller, Sylviane, Münger, Karl, Münz, Christian, Murphy, Leon O, Murphy, Maureen E, Musarò, Antonio, Mysorekar, Indira, Nagata, Eiichiro, Nagata, Kazuhiro, Nahimana, Aimable, Nair, Usha, Nakagawa, Toshiyuki, Nakahira, Kiichi, Nakano, Hiroyasu, Nakatogawa, Hitoshi, Nanjundan, Meera, Naqvi, Naweed I, Narendra, Derek P, Narita, Masashi, Navarro, Miguel, Nawrocki, Steffan T, Nazarko, Taras Y, Nemchenko, Andriy, Netea, Mihai G, Neufeld, Thomas P, Ney, Paul A, Nezis, Ioannis P, Nguyen, Huu Phuc, Nie, Daotai, Nishino, Ichizo, Nislow, Corey, Nixon, Ralph A, Noda, Takeshi, Noegel, Angelika A, Nogalska, Anna, Noguchi, Satoru, Notterpek, Lucia, Novak, Ivana, Nozaki, Tomoyoshi, Nukina, Nobuyuki, Nürnberger, Thorsten, Nyfeler, Beat, Obara, Keisuke, Oberley, Terry D, Oddo, Salvatore, Ogawa, Michinaga, Ohashi, Toya, Okamoto, Koji, Oleinick, Nancy L, Oliver, F Javier, Olsen, Laura J, Olsson, Stefan, Opota, Onya, Osborne, Timothy F, Ostrander, Gary K, Otsu, Kinya, Ou, Jing-hsiung James, Ouimet, Mireille, Overholtzer, Michael, Ozpolat, Bulent, Paganetti, Paolo, Pagnini, Ugo, Pallet, Nicolas, Palmer, Glen E, Palumbo, Camilla, Pan, Tianhong, Panaretakis, Theocharis, Pandey, Udai Bhan, Papackova, Zuzana, Papassideri, Issidora, Paris, Irmgard, Park, Junsoo, Park, Ohkmae K, Parys, Jan B, Parzych, Katherine R, Patschan, Susann, Patterson, Cam, Pattingre, Sophie, Pawelek, John M, Peng, Jianxin, Perlmutter, David H, Perrotta, Ida, Perry, George, Pervaiz, Shazib, Peter, Matthias, Peters, Godefridus J, Petersen, Morten, Petrovski, Goran, Phang, James M, Piacentini, Mauro, Pierre, Philippe, Pierrefite-Carle, Valérie, Pierron, Gérard, Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit, Piras, Antonio, Piri, Natik, Platanias, Leonidas C, Pöggeler, Stefanie, Poirot, Marc, Poletti, Angelo, Poüs, Christian, Pozuelo-Rubio, Mercedes, Prætorius-Ibba, Mette, Prasad, Anil, Prescott, Mark, Priault, Muriel, Produit-Zengaffinen, Nathalie, Progulske-Fox, Ann, Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula, Przedborski, Serge, Przyklenk, Karin, Puertollano, Rosa, Puyal, Julien, Qian, Shu-Bing, Qin, Liang, Qin, Zheng-Hong, Quaggin, Susan E, Raben, Nina, Rabinowich, Hannah, Rabkin, Simon W, Rahman, Irfan, Rami, Abdelhaq, Ramm, Georg, Randall, Glenn, Randow, Felix, Rao, V Ashutosh, Rathmell, Jeffrey C, Ravikumar, Brinda, Ray, Swapan K, Reed, Bruce H, Reed, John C, Reggiori, Fulvio, Régnier-Vigouroux, Anne, Reichert, Andreas S, Reiners, John J, Reiter, Russel J, Ren, Jun, Revuelta, José L, Rhodes, Christopher J, Ritis, Konstantinos, Rizzo, Elizete, Robbins, Jeffrey, Roberge, Michel, Roca, Hernan, Roccheri, Maria C, Rocchi, Stephane, Rodemann, H Peter, Rodríguez de Córdoba, Santiago, Rohrer, Bärbel, Roninson, Igor B, Rosen, Kirill, Rost-Roszkowska, Magdalena M, Rouis, Mustapha, Rouschop, Kasper M A, Rovetta, Francesca, Rubin, Brian P, Rubinsztein, David C, Ruckdeschel, Klaus, Rucker, Edmund B, Rudich, Assaf, Rudolf, Emil, Ruiz-Opazo, Nelson, Russo, Rossella, Rusten, Tor Erik, Ryan, Kevin M, Ryter, Stefan W, Sabatini, David M, Sadoshima, Junichi, Saha, Tapas, Saitoh, Tatsuya, Sakagami, Hiroshi, Sakai, Yasuyoshi, Salekdeh, Ghasem Hoseini, Salomoni, Paolo, Salvaterra, Paul M, Salvesen, Guy, Salvioli, Rosa, Sanchez, Anthony M J, Sánchez-Alcázar, José A, Sánchez-Prieto, Ricardo, Sandri, Marco, Sankar, Uma, Sansanwal, Poonam, Santambrogio, Laura, Saran, Shweta, Sarkar, Sovan, Sarwal, Minnie, Sasakawa, Chihiro, Sasnauskiene, Ausra, Sass, Miklós, Sato, Ken, Sato, Miyuki, Schapira, Anthony H V, Scharl, Michael, Schätzl, Hermann M, Scheper, Wiep, Schiaffino, Stefano, Schneider, Claudio, Schneider, Marion E, Schneider-Stock, Regine, Schoenlein, Patricia V, Schorderet, Daniel F, Schüller, Christoph, Schwartz, Gary K, Scorrano, Luca, Sealy, Linda, Seglen, Per O, Segura-Aguilar, Juan, Seiliez, Iban, Seleverstov, Oleksandr, Sell, Christian, Seo, Jong Bok, Separovic, Duska, Setaluri, Vijayasaradhi, Setoguchi, Takao, Settembre, Carmine, Shacka, John J, Shanmugam, Mala, Shapiro, Irving M, Shaulian, Eitan, Shaw, Reuben J, Shelhamer, James H, Shen, Han-Ming, Shen, Wei-Chiang, Sheng, Zu-Hang, Shi, Yang, Shibuya, Kenichi, Shidoji, Yoshihiro, Shieh, Jeng-Jer, Shih, Chwen-Ming, Shimada, Yohta, Shimizu, Shigeomi, Shintani, Takahiro, Shirihai, Orian S, Shore, Gordon C, Sibirny, Andriy A, Sidhu, Stan B, Sikorska, Beata, Silva-Zacarin, Elaine C M, Simmons, Alison, Simon, Anna Katharina, Simon, Hans-Uwe, Simone, Cristiano, Simonsen, Anne, Sinclair, David A, Singh, Rajat, Sinha, Debasish, Sinicrope, Frank A, Sirko, Agnieszka, Siu, Parco M, Sivridis, Efthimios, Skop, Vojtech, Skulachev, Vladimir P, Slack, Ruth S, Smaili, Soraya S, Smith, Duncan R, Soengas, Maria S, Soldati, Thierry, Song, Xueqin, Sood, Anil K, Soong, Tuck Wah, Sotgia, Federica, Spector, Stephen A, Spies, Claudia D, Springer, Wolfdieter, Srinivasula, Srinivasa M, Stefanis, Leonidas, Steffan, Joan S, Stendel, Ruediger, Stenmark, Harald, Stephanou, Anastasis, Stern, Stephan T, Sternberg, Cinthya, Stork, Björn, Strålfors, Peter, Subauste, Carlos S, Sui, Xinbing, Sulzer, David, Sun, Jiaren, Sun, Shi-Yong, Sun, Zhi-Jun, Sung, Joseph J Y, Suzuki, Kuninori, Suzuki, Toshihiko, Swanson, Michele S, Swanton, Charles, Sweeney, Sean T, Sy, Lai-King, Szabadkai, Gyorgy, Tabas, Ira, Taegtmeyer, Heinrich, Tafani, Marco, Takács-Vellai, Krisztina, Takano, Yoshitaka, Takegawa, Kaoru, Takemura, Genzou, Takeshita, Fumihiko, Talbot, Nicholas J, Tan, Kevin S W, Tanaka, Keiji, Tanaka, Kozo, Tang, Daolin, Tang, Dingzhong, Tanida, Isei, Tannous, Bakhos A, Tavernarakis, Nektarios, Taylor, Graham S, Taylor, Gregory A, Taylor, J Paul, Terada, Lance S, Terman, Alexei, Tettamanti, Gianluca, Thevissen, Karin, Thompson, Craig B, Thorburn, Andrew, Thumm, Michael, Tian, FengFeng, Tian, Yuan, Tocchini-Valentini, Glauco, Tolkovsky, Aviva M, Tomino, Yasuhiko, Tönges, Lars, Tooze, Sharon A, Tournier, Cathy, Tower, John, Towns, Roberto, Trajkovic, Vladimir, Travassos, Leonardo H, Tsai, Ting-Fen, Tschan, Mario P, Tsubata, Takeshi, Tsung, Allan, Turk, Boris, Turner, Lorianne S, Tyagi, Suresh C, Uchiyama, Yasuo, Ueno, Takashi, Umekawa, Midori, Umemiya-Shirafuji, Rika, Unni, Vivek K, Vaccaro, Maria I, Valente, Enza Maria, Van den Berghe, Greet, van der Klei, Ida J, van Doorn, Wouter, van Dyk, Linda F, van Egmond, Marjolein, van Grunsven, Leo A, Vandenabeele, Peter, Vandenberghe, Wim P, Vanhorebeek, Ilse, Vaquero, Eva C, Velasco, Guillermo, Vellai, Tibor, Vicencio, Jose Miguel, Vierstra, Richard D, Vila, Miquel, Vindis, Cécile, Viola, Giampietro, Viscomi, Maria Teresa, Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V, von Haefen, Clarissa, Votruba, Marcela, Wada, Keiji, Wade-Martins, Richard, Walker, Cheryl L, Walsh, Craig M, Walter, Jochen, Wan, Xiang-Bo, Wang, Aimin, Wang, Chenguang, Wang, Dawei, Wang, Fan, Wang, Fen, Wang, Guanghui, Wang, Haichao, 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Abstract

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused o

Published
2012
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42. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy

Author

Klionsky, Daniel J., primary, Abdalla, Fabio C., additional, Abeliovich, Hagai, additional, Abraham, Robert T., additional, Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, additional, Adeli, Khosrow, additional, Agholme, Lotta, additional, Agnello, Maria, additional, Agostinis, Patrizia, additional, Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio A., additional, Ahn, Hyung Jun, additional, Ait-Mohamed, Ouardia, additional, Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane, additional, Akematsu, Takahiko, additional, Akira, Shizuo, additional, Al-Younes, Hesham M., additional, Al-Zeer, Munir A., additional, Albert, Matthew L., additional, Albin, Roger L., additional, Alegre-Abarrategui, Javier, additional, Aleo, Maria Francesca, additional, Alirezaei, Mehrdad, additional, Almasan, Alexandru, additional, Almonte-Becerril, Maylin, additional, Amano, Atsuo, additional, Amaravadi, Ravi K., additional, Amarnath, Shoba, additional, Amer, Amal O., additional, Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie, additional, Anantharam, Vellareddy, additional, Ann, David K., additional, Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, additional, Aoki, Hiroshi, additional, Apostolova, Nadezda, additional, Arancia, Giuseppe, additional, Aris, John P., additional, Asanuma, Katsuhiko, additional, Asare, Nana Y.O., additional, Ashida, Hisashi, additional, Askanas, Valerie, additional, Askew, David S., additional, Auberger, Patrick, additional, Baba, Misuzu, additional, Backues, Steven K., additional, Baehrecke, Eric H., additional, Bahr, Ben A., additional, Bai, Xue-Yuan, additional, Bailly, Yannick, additional, Baiocchi, Robert, additional, Baldini, Giulia, additional, Balduini, Walter, additional, Ballabio, Andrea, additional, Bamber, Bruce A., additional, Bampton, Edward T.W., additional, Juhász, Gábor, additional, Bartholomew, Clinton R., additional, Bassham, Diane C., additional, Bast, Robert C., additional, Batoko, Henri, additional, Bay, Boon-Huat, additional, Beau, Isabelle, additional, Béchet, Daniel M., additional, Begley, Thomas J., additional, Behl, Christian, additional, Behrends, Christian, additional, Bekri, Soumeya, additional, Bellaire, Bryan, additional, Bendall, Linda J., additional, Benetti, Luca, additional, Berliocchi, Laura, additional, Bernardi, Henri, additional, Bernassola, Francesca, additional, Besteiro, Sébastien, additional, Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid, additional, Bi, Xiaoning, additional, Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine, additional, Blum, Janice S., additional, Boise, Lawrence H., additional, Bonaldo, Paolo, additional, Boone, David L., additional, Bornhauser, Beat C., additional, Bortoluci, Karina R., additional, Bossis, Ioannis, additional, Bost, Frédéric, additional, Bourquin, Jean-Pierre, additional, Boya, Patricia, additional, Boyer-Guittaut, Michaël, additional, Bozhkov, Peter V., additional, Brady, Nathan R, additional, Brancolini, Claudio, additional, Brech, Andreas, additional, Brenman, Jay E., additional, Brennand, Ana, additional, Bresnick, Emery H., additional, Brest, Patrick, additional, Bridges, Dave, additional, Bristol, Molly L., additional, Brookes, Paul S., additional, Brown, Eric J., additional, Brumell, John H., additional, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, additional, Brunk, Ulf T., additional, Bulman, Dennis E., additional, Bultman, Scott J., additional, Bultynck, Geert, additional, Burbulla, Lena F., additional, Bursch, Wilfried, additional, Butchar, Jonathan P., additional, Buzgariu, Wanda, additional, Bydlowski, Sergio P., additional, Cadwell, Ken, additional, Cahová, Monika, additional, Cai, Dongsheng, additional, Cai, Jiyang, additional, Cai, Qian, additional, Calabretta, Bruno, additional, Calvo-Garrido, Javier, additional, Camougrand, Nadine, additional, Campanella, Michelangelo, additional, Campos-Salinas, Jenny, additional, Candi, Eleonora, additional, Cao, Lizhi, additional, Caplan, Allan B., additional, Carding, Simon R., additional, Cardoso, Sandra M., additional, Carew, Jennifer S., additional, Carlin, Cathleen R., additional, Carmignac, Virginie, additional, Carneiro, Leticia A.M., additional, Carra, Serena, additional, Caruso, Rosario A., additional, Casari, Giorgio, additional, Casas, Caty, additional, Castino, Roberta, additional, Cebollero, Eduardo, additional, Cecconi, Francesco, additional, Celli, Jean, additional, Chaachouay, Hassan, additional, Chae, Han-Jung, additional, Chai, Chee-Yin, additional, Chan, David C., additional, Chan, Edmond Y., additional, Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung, additional, Che, Chi-Ming, additional, Chen, Ching-Chow, additional, Chen, Guang-Chao, additional, Chen, Guo-Qiang, additional, Chen, Min, additional, Chen, Quan, additional, Chen, Steve S.-L., additional, Chen, WenLi, additional, Chen, Xi, additional, Chen, Xiangmei, additional, Chen, Xiequn, additional, Chen, Ye-Guang, additional, Chen, Yingyu, additional, Chen, Yongqiang, additional, Chen, Yu-Jen, additional, Chen, Zhixiang, additional, Cheng, Alan, additional, Cheng, Christopher H.K., additional, Cheng, Yan, additional, Cheong, Heesun, additional, Cheong, Jae-Ho, additional, Cherry, Sara, additional, Chess-Williams, Russ, additional, Cheung, Zelda H., additional, Chevet, Eric, additional, Chiang, Hui-Ling, additional, Chiarelli, Roberto, additional, Chiba, Tomoki, additional, Chin, Lih-Shen, additional, Chiou, Shih-Hwa, additional, Chisari, Francis V., additional, Cho, Chi Hin, additional, Cho, Dong-Hyung, additional, Choi, Augustine M.K., additional, Choi, DooSeok, additional, Choi, Kyeong Sook, additional, Choi, Mary E., additional, Chouaib, Salem, additional, Choubey, Divaker, additional, Choubey, Vinay, additional, Chu, Charleen T., additional, Chuang, Tsung-Hsien, additional, Chueh, Sheau-Huei, additional, Chun, Taehoon, additional, Chwae, Yong-Joon, additional, Chye, Mee-Len, additional, Ciarcia, Roberto, additional, Ciriolo, Maria R., additional, Clague, Michael J., additional, Clark, Robert S.B., additional, Clarke, Peter G.H., additional, Clarke, Robert, additional, Codogno, Patrice, additional, Coller, Hilary A., additional, Colombo, María I., additional, Comincini, Sergio, additional, Condello, Maria, additional, Condorelli, Fabrizio, additional, Cookson, Mark R., additional, Coombs, Graham H., additional, Coppens, Isabelle, additional, Corbalan, Ramon, additional, Cossart, Pascale, additional, Costelli, Paola, additional, Costes, Safia, additional, Coto-Montes, Ana, additional, Couve, Eduardo, additional, Coxon, Fraser P., additional, Cregg, James M., additional, Crespo, José L., additional, Cronjé, Marianne J., additional, Cuervo, Ana Maria, additional, Cullen, Joseph J., additional, Czaja, Mark J., additional, D'Amelio, Marcello, additional, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, additional, Davids, Lester M., additional, Davies, Faith E., additional, De Felici, Massimo, additional, de Groot, John F., additional, de Haan, Cornelis A.M., additional, De Martino, Luisa, additional, De Milito, Angelo, additional, De Tata, Vincenzo, additional, Debnath, Jayanta, additional, Degterev, Alexei, additional, Dehay, Benjamin, additional, Delbridge, Lea M.D., additional, Demarchi, Francesca, additional, Deng, Yi Zhen, additional, Dengjel, Jörn, additional, Dent, Paul, additional, Denton, Donna, additional, Deretic, Vojo, additional, Desai, Shyamal D., additional, Devenish, Rodney J., additional, Di Gioacchino, Mario, additional, Di Paolo, Gilbert, additional, Di Pietro, Chiara, additional, Díaz-Araya, Guillermo, additional, Díaz-Laviada, Inés, additional, Diaz-Meco, Maria T., additional, Diaz-Nido, Javier, additional, Dikic, Ivan, additional, Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma P., additional, Ding, Wen-Xing, additional, Distelhorst, Clark W., additional, Diwan, Abhinav, additional, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, additional, Dokudovskaya, Svetlana, additional, Dong, Zheng, additional, Dorsey, Frank C., additional, Dosenko, Victor, additional, Dowling, James J., additional, Doxsey, Stephen, additional, Dreux, Marlène, additional, Drew, Mark E., additional, Duan, Qiuhong, additional, Duchosal, Michel A., additional, Duff, Karen E., additional, Dugail, Isabelle, additional, Durbeej, Madeleine, additional, Duszenko, Michael, additional, Edelstein, Charles L., additional, Edinger, Aimee L., additional, Egea, Gustavo, additional, Eichinger, Ludwig, additional, Eissa, N. Tony, additional, Ekmekcioglu, Suhendan, additional, El-Deiry, Wafik S., additional, Elazar, Zvulun, additional, Elgendy, Mohamed, additional, Ellerby, Lisa M., additional, Eng, Kai Er, additional, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, additional, Engelender, Simone, additional, Erenpreisa, Jekaterina, additional, Escalante, Ricardo, additional, Esclatine, Audrey, additional, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, additional, Espert, Lucile, additional, Espina, Virginia, additional, Fan, Huizhou, additional, Fan, Jia, additional, Fan, Qi-Wen, additional, Fan, Zhen, additional, Fang, Shengyun, additional, Fang, Yongqi, additional, Fanto, Manolis, additional, Fanzani, Alessandro, additional, Farkas, Thomas, additional, Farre, Jean-Claude, additional, Faure, Mathias, additional, Fechheimer, Marcus, additional, Feng, Carl G., additional, Feng, Jian, additional, Feng, Qili, additional, Feng, Youji, additional, Fésüs, László, additional, Feuer, Ralph, additional, Figueiredo-Pereira, Maria E., additional, Fimia, Gian Maria, additional, Fingar, Diane C., additional, Finkbeiner, Steven, additional, Finkel, Toren, additional, Finley, Kim D., additional, Fiorito, Filomena, additional, Fisher, Edward A., additional, Fisher, Paul B., additional, Flajolet, Marc, additional, Florez-McClure, Maria L., additional, Florio, Salvatore, additional, Fon, Edward A., additional, Fornai, Francesco, additional, Fortunato, Franco, additional, Fotedar, Rati, additional, Fowler, Daniel H., additional, Fox, Howard S., additional, Franco, Rodrigo, additional, Frankel, Lisa B., additional, Fransen, Marc, additional, Fuentes, José M., additional, Fueyo, Juan, additional, Fujii, Jun, additional, Fujisaki, Kozo, additional, Fujita, Eriko, additional, Fukuda, Mitsunori, additional, Furukawa, Ruth H., additional, Gaestel, Matthias, additional, Gailly, Philippe, additional, Gajewska, Malgorzata, additional, Galliot, Brigitte, additional, Galy, Vincent, additional, Ganesh, Subramaniam, additional, Ganetzky, Barry, additional, Ganley, Ian G., additional, Gao, Fen-Biao, additional, Gao, George F., additional, Gao, Jinming, additional, Garcia, Lorena, additional, Garcia-Manero, Guillermo, additional, Garcia-Marcos, Mikel, additional, Garmyn, Marjan, additional, Gartel, Andrei L., additional, Gatti, Evelina, additional, Gautel, Mathias, additional, Gawriluk, Thomas R., additional, Gegg, Matthew E., additional, Geng, Jiefei, additional, Germain, Marc, additional, Gestwicki, Jason E., additional, Gewirtz, David A., additional, Ghavami, Saeid, additional, Ghosh, Pradipta, additional, Giammarioli, Anna M., additional, Giatromanolaki, Alexandra N., additional, Gibson, Spencer B., additional, Gilkerson, Robert W., additional, Ginger, Michael L., additional, Ginsberg, Henry N., additional, Golab, Jakub, additional, Goligorsky, Michael S., additional, Golstein, Pierre, additional, Gomez-Manzano, Candelaria, additional, Goncu, Ebru, additional, Gongora, Céline, additional, Gonzalez, Claudio D., additional, Gonzalez, Ramon, additional, González-Estévez, Cristina, additional, González-Polo, Rosa Ana, additional, Gonzalez-Rey, Elena, additional, Gorbunov, Nikolai V., additional, Gorski, Sharon, additional, Goruppi, Sandro, additional, Gottlieb, Roberta A., additional, Gozuacik, Devrim, additional, Granato, Giovanna Elvira, additional, Grant, Gary D., additional, Green, Kim N., additional, Gregorc, Ales, additional, Gros, Frédéric, additional, Grose, Charles, additional, Grunt, Thomas W., additional, Gual, Philippe, additional, Guan, Jun-Lin, additional, Guan, Kun-Liang, additional, Guichard, Sylvie M., additional, Gukovskaya, Anna S., additional, Gukovsky, Ilya, additional, Gunst, Jan, additional, Gustafsson, Åsa B., additional, Halayko, Andrew J., additional, Hale, Amber N., additional, Halonen, Sandra K., additional, Hamasaki, Maho, additional, Han, Feng, additional, Han, Ting, additional, Hancock, Michael K., additional, Hansen, Malene, additional, Harada, Hisashi, additional, Harada, Masaru, additional, Hardt, Stefan E., additional, Harper, J. Wade, additional, Harris, Adrian L., additional, Harris, James, additional, Harris, Steven D., additional, Hashimoto, Makoto, additional, Haspel, Jeffrey A., additional, Hayashi, Shin-ichiro, additional, Hazelhurst, Lori A., additional, He, Congcong, additional, He, You-Wen, additional, Hébert, Marie-Josée, additional, Heidenreich, Kim A., additional, Helfrich, Miep H., additional, Helgason, Gudmundur V., additional, Henske, Elizabeth P., additional, Herman, Brian, additional, Herman, Paul K., additional, Hetz, Claudio, additional, Hilfiker, Sabine, additional, Hill, Joseph A., additional, Hocking, Lynne J., additional, Hofman, Paul, additional, Hofmann, Thomas G., additional, Höhfeld, Jörg, additional, Holyoake, Tessa L., additional, Hong, Ming-Huang, additional, Hood, David A., additional, Hotamisligil, Gökhan S., additional, Houwerzijl, Ewout J., additional, Høyer-Hansen, Maria, additional, Hu, Bingren, additional, Hu, Chien-an A., additional, Hu, Hong-Ming, additional, Hua, Ya, additional, Huang, Canhua, additional, Huang, Ju, additional, Huang, Shengbing, additional, Huang, Wei-Pang, additional, Huber, Tobias B., additional, Huh, Won-Ki, additional, Hung, Tai-Ho, additional, Hupp, Ted R., additional, Hur, Gang Min, additional, Hurley, James B., additional, Hussain, Sabah N.A., additional, Hussey, Patrick J., additional, Hwang, Jung Jin, additional, Hwang, Seungmin, additional, Ichihara, Atsuhiro, additional, Ilkhanizadeh, Shirin, additional, Inoki, Ken, additional, Into, Takeshi, additional, Iovane, Valentina, additional, Iovanna, Juan L., additional, Ip, Nancy Y., additional, Isaka, Yoshitaka, additional, Ishida, Hiroyuki, additional, Isidoro, Ciro, additional, Isobe, Ken-ichi, additional, Iwasaki, Akiko, additional, Izquierdo, Marta, additional, Izumi, Yotaro, additional, Jaakkola, Panu M., additional, Jäättelä, Marja, additional, Jackson, George R., additional, Jackson, William T., additional, Janji, Bassam, additional, Jendrach, Marina, additional, Jeon, Ju-Hong, additional, Jeung, Eui-Bae, additional, Jiang, Hong, additional, Jiang, Hongchi, additional, Jiang, Jean X., additional, Jiang, Ming, additional, Jiang, Qing, additional, Jiang, Xuejun, additional, Jiménez, Alberto, additional, Jin, Meiyan, additional, Jin, Shengkan V., additional, Joe, Cheol O., additional, Johansen, Terje, additional, Johnson, Daniel E., additional, Johnson, Gail V.W., additional, Jones, Nicola L., additional, Joseph, Bertrand, additional, Joseph, Suresh K., additional, Joubert, Annie M., additional, Juillerat-Jeanneret, Lucienne, additional, Jung, Chang Hwa, additional, Jung, Yong-Keun, additional, Kaarniranta, Kai, additional, Kaasik, Allen, additional, Kabuta, Tomohiro, additional, Kadowaki, Motoni, additional, Kågedal, Katarina, additional, Kamada, Yoshiaki, additional, Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O., additional, Kampinga, Harm H., additional, Kanamori, Hiromitsu, additional, Kang, Chanhee, additional, Kang, Khong Bee, additional, Kang, Kwang Il, additional, Kang, Rui, additional, Kang, Yoon-A, additional, Kanki, Tomotake, additional, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi, additional, Kanno, Haruo, additional, Kanthasamy, Anumantha G., additional, Kanthasamy, Arthi, additional, Karantza, Vassiliki, additional, Kaushal, Gur P., additional, Kaushik, Susmita, additional, Kawazoe, Yoshinori, additional, Ke, Po-Yuan, additional, Kehrl, John H., additional, Kelekar, Ameeta, additional, Kerkhoff, Claus, additional, Kessel, David H., additional, Khalil, Hany, additional, Kiel, Jan A.K.W., additional, Kiger, Amy A., additional, Kihara, Akio, additional, Kim, Deok Ryong, additional, Kim, Do-Hyung, additional, Kim, Dong-Hou, additional, Kim, Eun-Kyoung, additional, Kim, Hyung-Ryong, additional, Kim, Jae-Sung, additional, Kim, Jeong Hun, additional, Kim, Jin Cheon, additional, Kim, John K., additional, Kim, Peter K., additional, Kim, Seong Who, additional, Kim, Yong-Sun, additional, Kim, Yonghyun, additional, Kimchi, Adi, additional, Kimmelman, Alec C., additional, King, Jason S., additional, Kinsella, Timothy J., additional, Kirkin, Vladimir, additional, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A., additional, Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, additional, Kitazato, Kaio, additional, Klein, Ludger, additional, Klimecki, Walter T., additional, Klucken, Jochen, additional, Knecht, Erwin, additional, Ko, Ben C.B., additional, Koch, Jan C., additional, Koga, Hiroshi, additional, Koh, Jae-Young, additional, Koh, Young Ho, additional, Koike, Masato, additional, Komatsu, Masaaki, additional, Kominami, Eiki, additional, Kong, Hee Jeong, additional, Kong, Wei-Jia, additional, Korolchuk, Viktor I., additional, Kotake, Yaichiro, additional, Koukourakis, Michael I., additional, Flores, Juan B. Kouri, additional, Kovács, Attila L., additional, Kraft, Claudine, additional, Krainc, Dimitri, additional, Krämer, Helmut, additional, Kretz-Remy, Carole, additional, Krichevsky, Anna M., additional, Kroemer, Guido, additional, Krüger, Rejko, additional, Krut, Oleg, additional, Ktistakis, Nicholas T., additional, Kuan, Chia-Yi, additional, Kucharczyk, Roza, additional, Kumar, Ashok, additional, Kumar, Raj, additional, Kumar, Sharad, additional, Kundu, Mondira, additional, Kung, Hsing-Jien, additional, Kurz, Tino, additional, Kwon, Ho Jeong, additional, La Spada, Albert R., additional, Lafont, Frank, additional, Lamark, Trond, additional, Landry, Jacques, additional, Lane, Jon D., additional, Lapaquette, Pierre, additional, Laporte, Jocelyn F., additional, László, Lajos, additional, Lavandero, Sergio, additional, Lavoie, Josée N., additional, Layfield, Robert, additional, Lazo, Pedro A., additional, Le, Weidong, additional, Le Cam, Laurent, additional, Ledbetter, Daniel J., additional, Lee, Alvin J.X., additional, Lee, Byung-Wan, additional, Lee, Gyun Min, additional, Lee, Jongdae, additional, lee, Ju-hyun, additional, Lee, Michael, additional, Lee, Myung-Shik, additional, Lee, Sug Hyung, additional, Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, additional, Legembre, Patrick, additional, Legouis, Renaud, additional, Lehmann, Michael, additional, Lei, Huan-Yao, additional, Lei, Qun-Ying, additional, Leib, David A., additional, Leiro, José, additional, Lemasters, John J., additional, Lemoine, Antoinette, additional, Lesniak, Maciej S., additional, Lev, Dina, additional, Levenson, Victor V., additional, Levine, Beth, additional, Levy, Efrat, additional, Li, Faqiang, additional, Li, Jun-Lin, additional, Li, Lian, additional, Li, Sheng, additional, Li, Weijie, additional, Li, Xue-Jun, additional, Li, Yan-Bo, additional, Li, Yi-Ping, additional, Liang, Chengyu, additional, Liang, Qiangrong, additional, Liao, Yung-Feng, additional, Liberski, Pawel P., additional, Lieberman, Andrew, additional, Lim, Hyunjung J., additional, Lim, Kah-Leong, additional, Lim, Kyu, additional, Lin, Chiou-Feng, additional, Lin, Fu-Cheng, additional, Lin, Jian, additional, Lin, Jiandie D., additional, Lin, Kui, additional, Lin, Wan-Wan, additional, Lin, Weei-Chin, additional, Lin, Yi-Ling, additional, Linden, Rafael, additional, Lingor, Paul, additional, Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer, additional, Lisanti, Michael P., additional, Liton, Paloma B., additional, Liu, Bo, additional, Liu, Chun-Feng, additional, Liu, Kaiyu, additional, Liu, Leyuan, additional, Liu, Qiong A., additional, Liu, Wei, additional, Liu, Young-Chau, additional, Liu, Yule, additional, Lockshin, Richard A., additional, Lok, Chun-Nam, additional, Lonial, Sagar, additional, Loos, Benjamin, additional, Lopez-Berestein, Gabriel, additional, López-Otín, Carlos, additional, Lossi, Laura, additional, Lotze, Michael T., additional, Low, Peter, additional, Lu, Binfeng, additional, Lu, Bingwei, additional, Lu, Bo, additional, Lu, Zhen, additional, Luciano, Fréderic, additional, Lukacs, Nicholas W., additional, Lund, Anders H., additional, Lynch-Day, Melinda A., additional, Ma, Yong, additional, Macian, Fernando, additional, MacKeigan, Jeff P., additional, Macleod, Kay F., additional, Madeo, Frank, additional, Maiuri, Luigi, additional, Maiuri, Maria Chiara, additional, Malagoli, Davide, additional, Malicdan, May Christine V., additional, Malorni, Walter, additional, Man, Na, additional, Mandelkow, Eva-Maria, additional, Manon, Stephen, additional, Manov, Irena, additional, Mao, Kai, additional, Mao, Xiang, additional, Mao, Zixu, additional, Marambaud, Philippe, additional, Marazziti, Daniela, additional, Marcel, Yves L., additional, Marchbank, Katie, additional, Marchetti, Piero, additional, Marciniak, Stefan J., additional, Marcondes, Mateus, additional, Mardi, Mohsen, additional, Marfe, Gabriella, additional, Mariño, Guillermo, additional, Markaki, Maria, additional, Marten, Mark R., additional, Martin, Seamus J., additional, Martinand-Mari, Camille, additional, Martinet, Wim, additional, Martinez-Vicente, Marta, additional, Masini, Matilde, additional, Matarrese, Paola, additional, Matsuo, Saburo, additional, Matteoni, Raffaele, additional, Mayer, Andreas, additional, Mazure, Nathalie M., additional, McConkey, David J., additional, McConnell, Melanie J., additional, McDermott, Catherine, additional, McDonald, Christine, additional, McInerney, Gerald M., additional, McKenna, Sharon L., additional, McLaughlin, BethAnn, additional, McLean, Pamela J., additional, McMaster, Christopher R., additional, McQuibban, G. Angus, additional, Meijer, Alfred J., additional, Meisler, Miriam H., additional, Meléndez, Alicia, additional, Melia, Thomas J., additional, Melino, Gerry, additional, Mena, Maria A., additional, Menendez, Javier A., additional, Menna-Barreto, Rubem F. S., additional, Menon, Manoj B., additional, Menzies, Fiona M., additional, Mercer, Carol A., additional, Merighi, Adalberto, additional, Merry, Diane E., additional, Meschini, Stefania, additional, Meyer, Christian G., additional, Meyer, Thomas F., additional, Miao, Chao-Yu, additional, Miao, Jun-Ying, additional, Michels, Paul A.M., additional, Michiels, Carine, additional, Mijaljica, Dalibor, additional, Milojkovic, Ana, additional, Minucci, Saverio, additional, Miracco, Clelia, additional, Miranti, Cindy K., additional, Mitroulis, Ioannis, additional, Miyazawa, Keisuke, additional, Mizushima, Noboru, additional, Mograbi, Baharia, additional, Mohseni, Simin, additional, Molero, Xavier, additional, Mollereau, Bertrand, additional, Mollinedo, Faustino, additional, Momoi, Takashi, additional, Monastyrska, Iryna, additional, Monick, Martha M., additional, Monteiro, Mervyn J., additional, Moore, Michael N., additional, Mora, Rodrigo, additional, Moreau, Kevin, additional, Moreira, Paula I., additional, Moriyasu, Yuji, additional, Moscat, Jorge, additional, Mostowy, Serge, additional, Mottram, Jeremy C., additional, Motyl, Tomasz, additional, Moussa, Charbel E.-H., additional, Müller, Sylke, additional, Muller, Sylviane, additional, Münger, Karl, additional, Münz, Christian, additional, Murphy, Leon O., additional, Murphy, Maureen E., additional, Musarò, Antonio, additional, Mysorekar, Indira, additional, Nagata, Eiichiro, additional, Nagata, Kazuhiro, additional, Nahimana, Aimable, additional, Nair, Usha, additional, Nakagawa, Toshiyuki, additional, Nakahira, Kiichi, additional, Nakano, Hiroyasu, additional, Nakatogawa, Hitoshi, additional, Nanjundan, Meera, additional, Naqvi, Naweed I., additional, Narendra, Derek P., additional, Narita, Masashi, additional, Navarro, Miguel, additional, Nawrocki, Steffan T., additional, Nazarko, Taras Y., additional, Nemchenko, Andriy, additional, Netea, Mihai G., additional, Neufeld, Thomas P., additional, Ney, Paul A., additional, Nezis, Ioannis P., additional, Nguyen, Huu Phuc, additional, Nie, Daotai, additional, Nishino, Ichizo, additional, Nislow, Corey, additional, Nixon, Ralph A., additional, Noda, Takeshi, additional, Noegel, Angelika A., additional, Nogalska, Anna, additional, Noguchi, Satoru, additional, Notterpek, Lucia, additional, Novak, Ivana, additional, Nozaki, Tomoyoshi, additional, Nukina, Nobuyuki, additional, Nürnberger, Thorsten, additional, Nyfeler, Beat, additional, Obara, Keisuke, additional, Oberley, Terry D., additional, Oddo, Salvatore, additional, Ogawa, Michinaga, additional, Ohashi, Toya, additional, Okamoto, Koji, additional, Oleinick, Nancy L., additional, Oliver, F. Javier, additional, Olsen, Laura J., additional, Olsson, Stefan, additional, Opota, Onya, additional, Osborne, Timothy F., additional, Ostrander, Gary K., additional, Otsu, Kinya, additional, Ou, Jing-hsiung James, additional, Ouimet, Mireille, additional, Overholtzer, Michael, additional, Ozpolat, Bulent, additional, Paganetti, Paolo, additional, Pagnini, Ugo, additional, Pallet, Nicolas, additional, Palmer, Glen E., additional, Palumbo, Camilla, additional, Pan, Tianhong, additional, Panaretakis, Theocharis, additional, Pandey, Udai Bhan, additional, Papackova, Zuzana, additional, Papassideri, Issidora, additional, Paris, Irmgard, additional, Park, Junsoo, additional, Park, Ohkmae K., additional, Parys, Jan B., additional, Parzych, Katherine R., additional, Patschan, Susann, additional, Patterson, Cam, additional, Pattingre, Sophie, additional, Pawelek, John M., additional, Peng, Jianxin, additional, Perlmutter, David H., additional, Perrotta, Ida, additional, Perry, George, additional, Pervaiz, Shazib, additional, Peter, Matthias, additional, Peters, Godefridus J., additional, Petersen, Morten, additional, Petrovski, Goran, additional, Phang, James M., additional, Piacentini, Mauro, additional, Pierre, Philippe, additional, Pierrefite-Carle, Valérie, additional, Pierron, Gérard, additional, Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit, additional, Piras, Antonio, additional, Piri, Natik, additional, Platanias, Leonidas C., additional, Pöggeler, Stefanie, additional, Poirot, Marc, additional, Poletti, Angelo, additional, Poüs, Christian, additional, Pozuelo-Rubio, Mercedes, additional, Prætorius-Ibba, Mette, additional, Prasad, Anil, additional, Prescott, Mark, additional, Priault, Muriel, additional, Produit-Zengaffinen, Nathalie, additional, Progulske-Fox, Ann, additional, Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula, additional, Przedborski, Serge, additional, Przyklenk, Karin, additional, Puertollano, Rosa, additional, Puyal, Julien, additional, Qian, Shu-Bing, additional, Qin, Liang, additional, Qin, Zheng-Hong, additional, Quaggin, Susan E., additional, Raben, Nina, additional, Rabinowich, Hannah, additional, Rabkin, Simon W., additional, Rahman, Irfan, additional, Rami, Abdelhaq, additional, Ramm, Georg, additional, Randall, Glenn, additional, Randow, Felix, additional, Rao, V. Ashutosh, additional, Rathmell, Jeffrey C., additional, Ravikumar, Brinda, additional, Ray, Swapan K., additional, Reed, Bruce H., additional, Reed, John C., additional, Reggiori, Fulvio, additional, Régnier-Vigouroux, Anne, additional, Reichert, Andreas S., additional, Reiners, Jr., John J., additional, Reiter, Russel J., additional, Ren, Jun, additional, Revuelta, José L., additional, Rhodes, Christopher J., additional, Ritis, Konstantinos, additional, Rizzo, Elizete, additional, Robbins, Jeffrey, additional, Roberge, Michel, additional, Roca, Hernan, additional, Roccheri, Maria C., additional, Rocchi, Stephane, additional, Rodemann, H. Peter, additional, Rodríguez de Córdoba, Santiago, additional, Rohrer, Bärbel, additional, Roninson, Igor B., additional, Rosen, Kirill, additional, Rost-Roszkowska, Magdalena M., additional, Rouis, Mustapha, additional, Rouschop, Kasper M.A., additional, Rovetta, Francesca, additional, Rubin, Brian P., additional, Rubinsztein, David C., additional, Ruckdeschel, Klaus, additional, Rucker, Edmund B., additional, Rudich, Assaf, additional, Rudolf, Emil, additional, Ruiz-Opazo, Nelson, additional, Russo, Rossella, additional, Rusten, Tor Erik, additional, Ryan, Kevin M., additional, Ryter, Stefan W., additional, Sabatini, David M., additional, Sadoshima, Junichi, additional, Saha, Tapas, additional, Saitoh, Tatsuya, additional, Sakagami, Hiroshi, additional, Sakai, Yasuyoshi, additional, Salekdeh, Ghasem Hoseini, additional, Salomoni, Paolo, additional, Salvaterra, Paul M., additional, Salvesen, Guy, additional, Salvioli, Rosa, additional, Sanchez, Anthony M.J., additional, Sánchez-Alcázar, José A., additional, Sánchez-Prieto, Ricardo, additional, Sandri, Marco, additional, Sankar, Uma, additional, Sansanwal, Poonam, additional, Santambrogio, Laura, additional, Saran, Shweta, additional, Sarkar, Sovan, additional, Sarwal, Minnie, additional, Sasakawa, Chihiro, additional, Sasnauskiene, Ausra, additional, Sass, Miklós, additional, Sato, Ken, additional, Sato, Miyuki, additional, Schapira, Anthony H.V., additional, Scharl, Michael, additional, Schätzl, Hermann M., additional, Scheper, Wiep, additional, Schiaffino, Stefano, additional, Schneider, Claudio, additional, Schneider, Marion E., additional, Schneider-Stock, Regine, additional, Schoenlein, Patricia V., additional, Schorderet, Daniel F., additional, Schüller, Christoph, additional, Schwartz, Gary K., additional, Scorrano, Luca, additional, Sealy, Linda, additional, Seglen, Per O., additional, Segura-Aguilar, Juan, additional, Seiliez, Iban, additional, Seleverstov, Oleksandr, additional, Sell, Christian, additional, Seo, Jong Bok, additional, Separovic, Duska, additional, Setaluri, Vijayasaradhi, additional, Setoguchi, Takao, additional, Settembre, Carmine, additional, Shacka, John J., additional, Shanmugam, Mala, additional, Shapiro, Irving M., additional, Shaulian, Eitan, additional, Shaw, Reuben J., additional, Shelhamer, James H., additional, Shen, Han-Ming, additional, Shen, Wei-Chiang, additional, Sheng, Zu-Hang, additional, Shi, Yang, additional, Shibuya, Kenichi, additional, Shidoji, Yoshihiro, additional, Shieh, Jeng-Jer, additional, Shih, Chwen-Ming, additional, Shimada, Yohta, additional, Shimizu, Shigeomi, additional, Shintani, Takahiro, additional, Shirihai, Orian S., additional, Shore, Gordon C., additional, Sibirny, Andriy A., additional, Sidhu, Stan B., additional, Sikorska, Beata, additional, Silva-Zacarin, Elaine C.M., additional, Simmons, Alison, additional, Simon, Anna Katharina, additional, Simon, Hans-Uwe, additional, Simone, Cristiano, additional, Simonsen, Anne, additional, Sinclair, David A., additional, Singh, Rajat, additional, Sinha, Debasish, additional, Sinicrope, Frank A., additional, Sirko, Agnieszka, additional, Siu, Parco M., additional, Sivridis, Efthimios, additional, Skop, Vojtech, additional, Skulachev, Vladimir P., additional, Slack, Ruth S., additional, Smaili, Soraya S., additional, Smith, Duncan R., additional, Soengas, Maria S., additional, Soldati, Thierry, additional, Song, Xueqin, additional, Sood, Anil K., additional, Soong, Tuck Wah, additional, Sotgia, Federica, additional, Spector, Stephen A., additional, Spies, Claudia D., additional, Springer, Wolfdieter, additional, Srinivasula, Srinivasa M., additional, Stefanis, Leonidas, additional, Steffan, Joan S., additional, Stendel, Ruediger, additional, Stenmark, Harald, additional, Stephanou, Anastasis, additional, Stern, Stephan T., additional, Sternberg, Cinthya, additional, Stork, Björn, additional, Strålfors, Peter, additional, Subauste, Carlos S., additional, Sui, Xinbing, additional, Sulzer, David, additional, Sun, Jiaren, additional, Sun, Shi-Yong, additional, Sun, Zhi-Jun, additional, Sung, Joseph J.Y., additional, Suzuki, Kuninori, additional, Suzuki, Toshihiko, additional, Swanson, Michele S., additional, Swanton, Charles, additional, Sweeney, Sean T., additional, Sy, Lai-King, additional, Szabadkai, György, additional, Tabas, Ira, additional, Taegtmeyer, Heinrich, additional, Tafani, Marco, additional, Takács-Vellai, Krisztina, additional, Takano, Yoshitaka, additional, Takegawa, Kaoru, additional, Takemura, Genzou, additional, Takeshita, Fumihiko, additional, Talbot, Nicholas J., additional, Tan, Kevin S.W., additional, Tanaka, Keiji, additional, Tanaka, Kozo, additional, Tang, Daolin, additional, Tang, Dingzhong, additional, Tanida, Isei, additional, Tannous, Bakhos A., additional, Tavernarakis, Nektarios, additional, Taylor, Graham S., additional, Taylor, Gregory A., additional, Taylor, J. Paul, additional, Terada, Lance S., additional, Terman, Alexei, additional, Tettamanti, Gianluca, additional, Thevissen, Karin, additional, Thompson, Craig B., additional, Thorburn, Andrew, additional, Thumm, Michael, additional, Tian, FengFeng, additional, Tian, Yuan, additional, Tocchini-Valentini, Glauco, additional, Tolkovsky, Aviva M., additional, Tomino, Yasuhiko, additional, Tönges, Lars, additional, Tooze, Sharon A., additional, Tournier, Cathy, additional, Tower, John, additional, Towns, Roberto, additional, Trajkovic, Vladimir, additional, Travassos, Leonardo H., additional, Tsai, Ting-Fen, additional, Tschan, Mario P., additional, Tsubata, Takeshi, additional, Tsung, Allan, additional, Turk, Boris, additional, Turner, Lorianne S., additional, Tyagi, Suresh C., additional, Uchiyama, Yasuo, additional, Ueno, Takashi, additional, Umekawa, Midori, additional, Umemiya-Shirafuji, Rika, additional, Unni, Vivek K., additional, Vaccaro, Maria I., additional, Valente, Enza Maria, additional, Van den Berghe, Greet, additional, van der Klei, Ida J., additional, van Doorn, Wouter G., additional, van Dyk, Linda F., additional, van Egmond, Marjolein, additional, van Grunsven, Leo A., additional, Vandenabeele, Peter, additional, Vandenberghe, Wim P., additional, Vanhorebeek, Ilse, additional, Vaquero, Eva C., additional, Velasco, Guillermo, additional, Vellai, Tibor, additional, Vicencio, José Miguel, additional, Vierstra, Richard D., additional, Vila, Miquel, additional, Vindis, Cécile, additional, Viola, Giampietro, additional, Viscomi, Maria Teresa, additional, Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V., additional, von Haefen, Clarissa, additional, Votruba, Marcela, additional, Wada, Keiji, additional, Wade-Martins, Richard, additional, Walker, Cheryl L., additional, Walsh, Craig M., additional, Walter, Jochen, additional, Wan, Xiang-Bo, additional, Wang, Aimin, additional, Wang, Chenguang, additional, Wang, Dawei, additional, Wang, Fan, additional, Wang, Fen, additional, Wang, Guanghui, additional, Wang, Haichao, additional, Wang, Hong-Gang, additional, Wang, Horng-Dar, additional, Wang, Jin, additional, Wang, Ke, additional, Wang, Mei, additional, Wang, Richard C., additional, Wang, Xinglong, additional, Wang, Xiujie J., additional, Wang, Ying-Jan, additional, Wang, Yipeng, additional, Wang, Zhen-Bo, additional, Wang, Zhigang Charles, additional, Wang, Zhinong, additional, Wansink, Derick G., additional, Ward, Diane M., additional, Watada, Hirotaka, additional, Waters, Sarah L., additional, Webster, Paul, additional, Wei, Lixin, additional, Weihl, Conrad C., additional, Weiss, William A., additional, Welford, Scott M., additional, Wen, Long-Ping, additional, Whitehouse, Caroline A., additional, Whitton, J. 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Published
2012
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50. Genetic Etiology of Isolated Low HDL Syndrome

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Kiss, Robert S., primary, Kavaslar, Nihan, additional, Okuhira, Kei-ichiro, additional, Freeman, Mason W., additional, Walter, Stephanie, additional, Milne, Ross W., additional, McPherson, Ruth, additional, and Marcel, Yves L., additional

Published
2007
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