92 results on '"Marcati, Carmen Regina"'
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2. The Widened Pipe Model of plant hydraulic evolution
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Koçillari, Loren, Olson, Mark E, Suweis, Samir, Rocha, Rodrigo P, Lovison, Alberto, Cardin, Franco, Dawson, Todd E, Echeverría, Alberto, Fajardo, Alex, Lechthaler, Silvia, Martínez-Pérez, Cecilia, Marcati, Carmen Regina, Chung, Kuo-Fang, Rosell, Julieta A, Segovia-Rivas, Alí, Williams, Cameron B, Petrone-Mendoza, Emilio, Rinaldo, Andrea, Anfodillo, Tommaso, Banavar, Jayanth R, and Maritan, Amos
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Biological Evolution ,Models ,Biological ,Plant Physiological Phenomena ,Water ,Xylem ,plant hydraulics ,xylem ,Pareto optimality ,allometry ,adaptation - Abstract
Shaping global water and carbon cycles, plants lift water from roots to leaves through xylem conduits. The importance of xylem water conduction makes it crucial to understand how natural selection deploys conduit diameters within and across plants. Wider conduits transport more water but are likely more vulnerable to conduction-blocking gas embolisms and cost more for a plant to build, a tension necessarily shaping xylem conduit diameters along plant stems. We build on this expectation to present the Widened Pipe Model (WPM) of plant hydraulic evolution, testing it against a global dataset. The WPM predicts that xylem conduits should be narrowest at the stem tips, widening quickly before plateauing toward the stem base. This universal profile emerges from Pareto modeling of a trade-off between just two competing vectors of natural selection: one favoring rapid widening of conduits tip to base, minimizing hydraulic resistance, and another favoring slow widening of conduits, minimizing carbon cost and embolism risk. Our data spanning terrestrial plant orders, life forms, habitats, and sizes conform closely to WPM predictions. The WPM highlights carbon economy as a powerful vector of natural selection shaping plant function. It further implies that factors that cause resistance in plant conductive systems, such as conduit pit membrane resistance, should scale in exact harmony with tip-to-base conduit widening. Furthermore, the WPM implies that alterations in the environments of individual plants should lead to changes in plant height, for example, shedding terminal branches and resprouting at lower height under drier climates, thus achieving narrower and potentially more embolism-resistant conduits.
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- 2021
3. Coordination of bark and wood traits underlies forest‐to‐savanna evolutionary transitions.
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Dantas, Vinicius L., Oliveira, Luan Carlos Silva, Marcati, Carmen Regina, and Sonsin‐Oliveira, Júlia
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WOOD density ,SAVANNAS ,CERRADOS ,TROPICAL forests ,WOOD ,BIOMES - Abstract
Aim: To test the hypothesis that adaptive shifts leading to the assembly of tropical savannas involved coordination between bark and wood traits and to understand the underlying mechanisms. Location: Tropical South America. Taxon: Angiosperms (woody). Methods: We compiled data on three bark traits (total, inner and outer relative bark thickness), wood density, maximum height, five secondary xylem traits and on species' habitat information (light environment, climate, soil and fire history) for Neotropical savanna, forest and generalist species (biome groups). We tested for pairwise and multivariate associations among traits across species and if biome group and habitat conditions explained species positions along the resulting strategy axes. Results: Traits covaried along four different axes. The first axis was consistent with a trade‐off between fire (thick barks) and shade tolerance (low bark to diameter ratio, high vessel density) and contributed to differentiate the three biome groups according to the preference for shaded environments. Forest species also differed from savanna and generalist species in a separate axis by being more resource acquisitive. Maximum height and wood density did not strongly trade‐off with bark thickness, although maximum height was negatively covaried with relative outer bark thickness. Preference for shaded conditions was the main driver of variation in the two principal strategy axes, but temperature, fire and soil sand content also explained differences in plant stature between savanna and generalist species. Main Conclusions: Allocation to bark is constrained by trade‐offs with wood, opposing shade‐tolerant and acquisitive forest species to fire‐resistant and conservative savanna species. Rather than a single strategy axis, three axes are necessary to understand the functional differences among savanna, forest and generalist species. Because two of these axes are controlled by light availability, the associated traits tend to covary in space and time, but not across species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Root xylem in three woody angiosperm species is not more vulnerable to embolism than stem xylem
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Wu, Min, Zhang, Ya, Oya, Thais, Marcati, Carmen Regina, Pereira, Luciano, and Jansen, Steven
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- 2020
5. Wood properties of 32-year-old Peltophorum dubium wood from two seed provenances planted in Luiz Antônio - SP, Brazil
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Galão, Ana Tereza Durão, primary, Freitas, Miguel Luiz Menezes, additional, Barbosa, Juraci de Andrade, additional, Tomazello-Filho, Mario, additional, Marcati, Carmen Regina, additional, Lima, Israel Luiz de, additional, Ballarin, Adriano Wagner, additional, and Longui, Eduardo Luiz, additional
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- 2024
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6. Water availability influences both wood anatomy and laticifer density in rubber tree saplings
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Nery, Ícaro Renã Alves Moureira, primary, Vergilio, Paula Cristina Benetton, additional, Viégas, Lucas Bertacini, additional, da Silva, Magali Ribeiro, additional, Resende, Rafael Tassinari, additional, Chagas, Matheus Peres, additional, Pace, Marcelo Rodrigo, additional, and Marcati, Carmen Regina, additional
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- 2023
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7. The role of organ and leaf habit on the secondary xylem anatomy variation across 15 species from Brazilian Cerrado
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Dutra, Rafaella, Nogueira, Anselmo, Rossi, Sergio, Chacon Dória, Larissa, Buttò, Valentina, Marcati, Carmen Regina, Dutra, Rafaella, Nogueira, Anselmo, Rossi, Sergio, Chacon Dória, Larissa, Buttò, Valentina, and Marcati, Carmen Regina
- Abstract
Xylem is a complex tissue connecting the organs of plants and it performs multiple functions, including water transport, mechanical support, and storage. Because of the interaction between structure and function, xylem anatomy can provide useful information about its role in plant strategies. However, knowledge of how xylem anatomical traits change across organs and species functional groups is still limited. Here, we tested the role of different plant organs (stem and roots) and leaf habits (deciduous, semi-deciduous, and evergreen) on xylem anatomy variation across 15 woody species from the Brazilian Cerrado. Vessels, fibers, and parenchyma traits were measured on 45 individuals sampled in 2014 in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Our results revealed a higher parenchyma fraction and less fiber fraction in roots than in stems across species. Differences in wood anatomical traits between organs were mainly species-specific in parenchyma traits rather than vessel and fiber traits. Across leaf habits, only the root ray fraction was higher in evergreen species compared to deciduous species. These findings highlight a potential role of organs and leaf habits in xylem storage across Cerrado woody species.
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- 2023
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8. The Role of Organ and Leaf Habit on the Secondary Xylem Anatomy Variation across 15 Species from Brazilian Cerrado
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Dutra, Rafaella, primary, Nogueira, Anselmo, additional, Rossi, Sergio, additional, Chacon Dória, Larissa, additional, Buttò, Valentina, additional, and Marcati, Carmen Regina, additional
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- 2023
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9. Structural differences in the secondary phloem suggest higher support and storage potential in stems than roots of Cytharexylum myrianthum Cham. (Verbenaceae)
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Vergilio, Paula Cristina Benetton, Silva, Jane Rodrigues Da, Blagitz, Marcela, Longo, Leandro Roberto, and Marcati, Carmen Regina
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Verbenaceae -- Physiological aspects ,Phloem -- Physiological aspects -- Structure ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Abstract: Stems and roots are interconnected by their secondary phloem, a complex tissue that exhibits functional differences related to the anatomical structure of each organ. Here, we compared the structure [...]
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- 2017
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10. Trabeculae and Al-accumulation in the wood cells of Melastomataceae species from Brazilian savanna
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Milanez, Camilla Rozindo Dias, Marcati, Carmen Regina, and Machado, Silvia Rodrigues
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Plant biochemistry -- Research ,Botanical research ,Aluminum (Metal) -- Environmental aspects ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Abstract: Family Melastomataceae is an important component of the Brazilian Cerrado flora, inhabiting different environments from those with well-drained soils to swamp soil sites. Several members of this family are [...]
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- 2017
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11. Cambial dormancy lasts 9 months in a tropical evergreen species
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de Lara, Natália Oliveira Totti and Marcati, Carmen Regina
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- 2016
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12. Functional trade-offs in volume allocation to xylem cell types in 75 species from the Brazilian savanna Cerrado
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Dória, Larissa Chacon, primary, Sonsin-Oliveira, Julia, additional, Rossi, Sergio, additional, and Marcati, Carmen Regina, additional
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- 2022
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13. Anatomical and tree rings differences in two provenances of Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arráb. ex Steud. (Boraginaceae)
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Longui, Eduardo Luiz, primary, Caum, Caroline, additional, Tomazello-Filho, Mario, additional, Lisi, Claudio Sergio, additional, Roig, Fidel Alejandro, additional, and Marcati, Carmen Regina, additional
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- 2022
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14. Water Availability Influences Both Wood Anatomy and Laticifer Density in Rubber Tree Saplings
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Nery, Ícaro Renã Alves Moureira, primary, Vergilio, Paula Cristina Benetton, additional, Viégas, Lucas Bertacini, additional, Silva, Magali Ribeiro da, additional, Resende, Rafael Tassinari, additional, Chagas, Matheus Peres, additional, Pace, Marcelo Rodrigo, additional, and Marcati, Carmen Regina, additional
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- 2022
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15. Differences of the stem vascular system across populations of two tropical species under contrasting water conditions
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Blagitz, Marcela, primary, Nogueira, Anselmo, additional, and Marcati, Carmen Regina, additional
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- 2021
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16. Soil Effects on Stem Growth and Wood Anatomy of Tamboril Are Mediated by Tree Age
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Angélico, Talita dos Santos, primary, Marcati, Carmen Regina, additional, Rossi, Sergio, additional, da Silva, Magali Ribeiro, additional, and Sonsin-Oliveira, Júlia, additional
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- 2021
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17. Seasonal development of secondary xylem and phloem in Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae)
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Marcati, Carmen Regina, Milanez, Camilla Rozindo Dias, and Machado, Silvia Rodrigues
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- 2008
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18. Bark anatomy of Melastomataceae species in the Brazilian Cerrado, a neotropical savanna
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Milanez, Camilla Rozindo Dias, primary, Marcati, Carmen Regina, additional, and Machado, Silvia Rodrigues, additional
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- 2021
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19. Root xylem in three woody angiosperm species is not more vulnerable to embolism than stem xylem
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Wu, Min, primary, Zhang, Ya, additional, Oya, Thais, additional, Marcati, Carmen Regina, additional, Pereira, Luciano, additional, and Jansen, Steven, additional
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- 2020
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20. Differences of the stem vascular system across populations of two tropical species under contrasting water conditions.
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Blagitz, Marcela, Nogueira, Anselmo, and Marcati, Carmen Regina
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XYLEM ,CARDIOVASCULAR system ,SPECIES ,CELL size ,WATER supply ,PHLOEM - Abstract
Summary: Structural differences in the secondary vascular tissues among habitats can contribute to understanding species performances, especially regarding water and photosynthate transport. The pattern of association between the secondary xylem tissue and water availability from the environment has been widely studied, unlike the secondary phloem, which has been barely explored. Here, we evaluated the structural variation of the secondary xylem and phloem in stems of four populations of two tropical tree species under contrasting water conditions. We also investigated the mirrored structure between both tissues. At dry sites, Moquiniastrum polymorphum had higher vessel density, thicker xylem fibers cell walls, and taller rays in both tissues commonly associated with safe transport, in agreement with our expectations. In contrast, the populations of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium had most features in disagreement with the water availability of each site. The perforation and sieve plates, the ray composition, and the axial parenchyma were similar in the two tree species' xylem and phloem tissues. However, the quantitative descriptors of cell sizes were not correlated between the xylem and phloem. In general, there is a different pattern of morphological variation across sites in the two tropical tree species, highlighting that any generalization regarding the vascular system structure across environments should be avoided. Xylem and phloem revealed a mirrored structure in a few qualitative features, not followed by the dimensions of different cell types. Future research needs to explore the causes of the unexpected structural variation in the vascular system across populations in tropical tree species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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21. Savanna trees do not have thicker outer bark than forest trees of two tropical species
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Blagitz, Marcela, primary, Rodrigues Machado, Silvia, additional, and Marcati, Carmen Regina, additional
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- 2019
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22. Structural differences in the secondary phloem suggest higher support and storage potential in stems than roots ofCytharexylum myrianthumCham. (Verbenaceae)
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Vergílio, Paula Cristina Benetton, primary, da Silva, Jane Rodrigues, additional, Blagitz, Marcela, additional, Longo, Leandro Roberto, additional, and Marcati, Carmen Regina, additional
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- 2017
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23. Duration of cambial activity is determined by water availability while cambial stimulus is day-length dependent in a Neotropical evergreen species
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de Lara, Natália Oliveira Totti, primary, da Silva, Magali Ribeiro, additional, Nogueira, Anselmo, additional, and Marcati, Carmen Regina, additional
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- 2017
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24. Obituary
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Machado, Silvia Rodrigues, primary, Marcati, Carmen Regina, additional, Evert, Ray F., additional, and Baas, Pieter, additional
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- 2017
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25. Comparative wood anatomy of root and stem of Citharexylum myrianthum (Verbenaceae)
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Marcati, Carmen Regina, Longo, Leandro Roberto, Wiedenhoeft, Alex, and Barros, Claudia Franca
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secondary xylem ,semideciduous seasonal forest ,wood anatomy ,xilema secundário ,anatomia da madeira ,floresta estacional semidecídua - Abstract
Root and stem wood anatomy of C. myrianthum (Verbenaceae) from a semideciduous seasonal forest in Botucatu municipality (22º52’20”S and 48º26’37”W), São Paulo state, Brazil, were studied. Growth increments demarcated by semi-ring porosity and marginal bands of axial parenchyma were observed in the wood of both root and stem. Many qualitative features were the same in both root and stem: fine helical thickenings, and simple and multiple perforation plates in vessel elements; large quantities of axial parenchyma in the growth rings, grading from marginal bands and confluent forming irregular bands in earlywood to lozenge aliform in latewood; axial parenchyma cells forked, and varied wall projections and undulations; septate fibres; forked and diverse fibre endings. Quantitative features differing between root and stem wood were evaluated using student’s t-test, and vessel frequency, vessel element length, vessel diameter, ray height, and vulnerability and mesomorphy indices differed significantly. Root wood had lower frequency of vessels, narrower and longer vessel elements, and taller rays than wood of the stem. The calculated vulnerability and mesomorphy indices indicated that C. myrianthum plants are mesomorphic. Roots seem to be more susceptible to water stress than the stem. A anatomia da madeira da raiz e do caule de Citharexylum myrianthum (Verbenaceae) que ocorre em uma área de floresta estacional semidecídua próximo à cidade de Botucatu (22º52’20”S e 48º26’37”W), estado de São Paulo, Brasil, foi estudada. Camadas de crescimento distintas, demarcadas por anel semi-poroso e faixas marginais de parênquima axial foram observadas em ambos os órgãos. As características qualitativas observadas tanto em raiz quanto em caule foram: espessamentos helicoidais finos e placas de perfuração simples e múltiplas em elementos de vaso; grandes quantidades de parênquima axial nos anéis de crescimento, em faixas marginais a confluente formando faixas irregulares no lenho inicial a aliforme losangular no lenho tardio; células do parênquima axial bifurcadas, com projeções e ondulações na parede; fibras septadas; fibras bifurcadas e com diversas terminações. Na análise quantitativa comparativa entre raiz e caule foi aplicado teste t-student que mostrou diferenças significativas na frequência e diâmetro de vasos; comprimento dos elementos de vaso; altura dos raios; índices de vulnerabilidade e mesomorfia. A madeira da raiz teve menor frequência de vasos, vasos com menor diâmetro e elementos mais longos, e raios mais altos. Os índices de vulnerabilidade e mesomorfia indicaram que as plantas de C. myrianthum são mesomórficas. As raízes parecem estar mais susceptíveis ao estresse hídrico do que os caules.
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- 2014
26. Comparative wood anatomy of root and stem of Citharexylum myrianthum (Verbenaceae)
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Marcati, Carmen Regina, primary, Longo, Leandro Roberto, additional, Wiedenhoeft, Alex, additional, and Barros, Claudia Franca, additional
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- 2014
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27. Anatomia comparada do lenho em raiz e caule de Lippia salviifolia Cham. (Verbenaceae)
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Goulart, Selma Lopes, primary and Marcati, Carmen Regina, additional
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- 2008
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28. Perforated Ray Cells in the Wood of Roots and Branches of Cerrado Species from Brazil
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Sonsin, Julia Oliveira, primary, Machado, Silvia Rodrigues, additional, and Marcati, Carmen Regina, additional
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- 2008
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29. Seasonal development of secondary xylem and phloem in Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae)
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Marcati, Carmen Regina, primary, Milanez, Camilla Rozindo Dias, additional, and Machado, Silvia Rodrigues, additional
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- 2007
- Full Text
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30. STRUCTURAL VARIATIONS IN ROOT AND STEM WOOD OF STYRAX (STYRACACEAE) FROM BRAZILIAN FOREST AND CERRADO
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Machado, Silvia Rodrigues, primary, Rodella, Roberto Antonio, additional, Angyalossy, Veronica, additional, and Marcati, Carmen Regina, additional
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- 2007
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31. Growth rings in cerrado woody species: occurrence and anatomical markers
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Marcati, Carmen Regina, primary, Oliveira, Julia Sonsin, additional, and Machado, Silvia Rodrigues, additional
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- 2006
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32. SEASONAL VARIATION IN WOOD FORMATION OF CEDRELA FISSILIS (MELIACEAE)
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Marcati, Carmen Regina, primary, Angyalossy, Veronica, additional, and Evert, Ray Franklin, additional
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- 2006
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33. Anatomia e uso da madeira de duas variedades de Sclerolobium paniculatum Vog. do sul do Maranhão, Brasil
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Pires, Iran Paz, primary and Marcati, Carmen Regina, additional
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- 2005
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34. Comparative Bark Anatomy of Root and Stem in Styrax Camporum (Styracaceae)
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Machado, Silvia Rodrigues, primary, Marcati, Carmen Regina, additional, de Morretes, Berta Lange, additional, and Angyalossy, Veronica, additional
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- 2005
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35. Anatomia comparada do lenho de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinoideae) de floresta e cerradão
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MARCATI, CARMEN REGINA, primary, ANGYALOSSY-ALFONSO, VERONICA, additional, and BENETATI, LUCIMAR, additional
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- 2001
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36. STRUCTURAL VARIATIONS IN ROOT AND STEM WOOD OF STYRAX(STYRACACEAE) FROM BRAZILIAN FOREST AND CERRADO
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Machado, Silvia Rodrigues, Rodella, Roberto Antonio, Angyalossy, Veronica, and Marcati, Carmen Regina
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- 2007
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37. Disentangling the Effects of Genotype and Environment on Growth and Wood Features of Balfourodendron riedelianum Trees by Common Garden Experiments in Brazil.
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Silva, Jane Rodrigues da, Rossi, Sergio, Khare, Siddhartha, Longui, Eduardo Luiz, and Marcati, Carmen Regina
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WOOD density ,ORNAMENTAL trees ,GENOTYPES ,FORESTS & forestry ,TRANSFER functions ,WOOD chemistry ,TREE growth - Abstract
Intraspecific studies with populations replicated in different sites allow the effects of genotype and environment on wood features and plant growth to be distinguished. Based on climate change predictions, this distinction is important for establishing future patterns in the distribution of tree species. We quantified the effects of genotype and environment on wood features and growth of 30-year-old Balfourodendron riedelianum trees. We used three provenances planted in two common garden experiments with difference in precipitation and temperature. We applied linear models to estimate the variability in wood and growth features and transfer functions to evaluate the responses of these features to temperature, precipitation, and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). Our results showed that genotype had an effect on vessels and rays, where narrower vessels with thinner walls and larger intervessel pits, and shorter, narrower and more numerous rays were observed in provenances from drier sites. We also observed the effect of the environment on wood features and growth. Trees growing in the wetter site were taller and larger, and they had wider vessels with thicker walls and lower ray density. Transfer functions indicated that an increase in temperature results in larger vessels with thicker walls, taller and denser rays, shorter and narrower fibers with thinner walls, and lower wood density. From a functional perspective, these features make trees growing in warmer environments more prone to drought-induced embolisms and more vulnerable to mechanical damage and pathogen attacks. Tree growth varied with precipitation and SPEI, being negatively affected in the drier site. Overall, we demonstrated that both genotype and environment affect wood features, while tree growth is mainly influenced by the environment. Plastic responses in hydraulic characteristics could represent important functional traits to mitigate the consequences of ongoing climate change on the growth and survival of the species within its natural range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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38. Dra. Berta Lange de Morretes (1917-2016).
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Machado, Silvia Rodrigues, Marcati, Carmen Regina, Evert, Ray F., and Baas, Pieter
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ANATOMISTS - Abstract
An obituary for wood anatomist Berta Lange de Morretes is presented.
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- 2017
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39. Xilema secundário de caule e raiz de plantas lenhosas de cerrado: abordagem anatômica e funcional
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Dutra, Rafaella Emanuelle Monteiro, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Marcati, Carmen Regina [UNESP], and Nogueira, Anselmo [UNESP]
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Neotropical savanna ,Non-structural carbohydrates ,Vessel-ray pit ,Carbon allocation ,Wood density - Abstract
Submitted by Rafaella Emanuelle Monteiro Dutra (mdt.rafaella@gmail.com) on 2021-10-18T13:59:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dutra_rem_me_bot_par.pdf: 591823 bytes, checksum: cca812a68c554bb97cb1d1e89ca7e68f (MD5) Rejected by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo Problema 1: Arquivo parcial Mesmo para submissões parciais, você deve anexar o arquivo com a versão completa do seu trabalho. As alterações para disponibilização parcial serão feitas pelo bibliotecário no momento da validação de sua submissão. Não é necessário realizar uma nova submissão. No repositório, clique na opção Acompanhamento de submissões (menu à esquerda), localize sua submissão e clique em continuar submissão. Vá pulando as etapas até chegar no arquivo e realizar a substituição. Assim que tiver efetuado a correção submeta o arquivo, em formato PDF, novamente. Agradecemos a compreensão on 2021-10-20T11:55:33Z (GMT) Submitted by Rafaella Emanuelle Monteiro Dutra (mdt.rafaella@gmail.com) on 2021-10-20T13:22:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dutra_rem_me_bot_int.pdf: 3014728 bytes, checksum: 835d56e893f83600c49d67948a3c99e5 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2021-10-21T18:06:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dutra_rem_me_bot_par.pdf: 383755 bytes, checksum: b9029d9ef0d7de98774fd9d929f2d7e8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-10-21T18:06:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dutra_rem_me_bot_par.pdf: 383755 bytes, checksum: b9029d9ef0d7de98774fd9d929f2d7e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-10-08 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The plant's ability to invest in the wood tissue in different organs is crucial to its survival in terrestrial environments. Wood is a complex system linked to water transport, mechanical support, and storage of essential substances. However, the understanding of wood traits patterns between organs and the relationship between anatomical and functional traits is still limited. In this study, we investigated the anatomical and functional wood patterns between the root and stem across 15 woody species of the Cerrado domain (Brazilian savanna), also exploring the relationships among the wood traits across species. For that, we measured in both organs in all species the anatomical wood traits, theoretical hydraulic conductivity, wood density, and non-structural carbohydrates. Our results revealed a similar wood anatomy, estimation of theoretical hydraulic conductivity, and wood density when compared root and stem, but high content of non-structural carbohydrate in the root. Plant height had a positive effect on wood anatomy when combined ray width with vessel element length and ray density. Wood density was explained by rays and vessels features, while non-structural carbohydrates content was not related to the anatomical traits. We also identified a positive relationship between theoretical hydraulic conductivity and pits size. The wood traits patterns observed provide a more integrated knowledge of wood function, and highlight that storage traits and function are prioritized in Brazilian savanna woody plants. Capes: 001
- Published
- 2021
40. Water availability effect on the secondary xylem and laticifers of young plants of Hevea brasilienses [(Willd. ex A. Juss) Müell. Arg.]
- Author
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Nery, Ícaro Renã Alves Moureira, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Marcati, Carmen Regina [UNESP], and Chagas, Matheus Peres
- Subjects
Cellular proportion ,Parênquima septado ,Hevea brasiliensis ,Anatomia da madeira de H. brasiliensis (seringueira) ,Densidade de laticíferos ,Wood anatomy ,Anatomical adaptations ,Adaptações anatômicas ,Produção de látex ,Septate parenchyma ,Proporção celular - Abstract
Submitted by Ícaro Renã Alves Moureira Nery (icaronery@icloud.com) on 2020-03-24T14:13:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇAO_FINAL.pdf: 16576321 bytes, checksum: 9af18c26ed19e39780ad5e858f12d488 (MD5) Submitted by Ícaro Renã Alves Moureira Nery (icaronery@icloud.com) on 2020-03-24T14:13:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇAO_FINAL.pdf: 16576321 bytes, checksum: 9af18c26ed19e39780ad5e858f12d488 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Submitted by Ícaro Renã Alves Moureira Nery (icaronery@icloud.com) on 2020-03-24T14:13:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇAO_FINAL.pdf: 16576321 bytes, checksum: 9af18c26ed19e39780ad5e858f12d488 (MD5) Submitted by Ícaro Renã Alves Moureira Nery (icaronery@icloud.com) on 2020-03-24T14:13:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇAO_FINAL.pdf: 16576321 bytes, checksum: 9af18c26ed19e39780ad5e858f12d488 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-01-31 Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-01-31 Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Submitted by Ícaro Renã Alves Moureira Nery (icaronery@icloud.com) on 2020-03-24T14:13:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇAO_FINAL.pdf: 16576321 bytes, checksum: 9af18c26ed19e39780ad5e858f12d488 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-01-31 Submitted by Ícaro Renã Alves Moureira Nery (icaronery@icloud.com) on 2020-03-24T14:13:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇAO_FINAL.pdf: 16576321 bytes, checksum: 9af18c26ed19e39780ad5e858f12d488 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Submitted by Ícaro Renã Alves Moureira Nery (icaronery@icloud.com) on 2020-03-24T14:13:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇAO_FINAL.pdf: 16576321 bytes, checksum: 9af18c26ed19e39780ad5e858f12d488 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-01-31 Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-01-31 Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-01-31 Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-01-31 Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-01-31 Submitted by Ícaro Renã Alves Moureira Nery (icaronery@icloud.com) on 2020-03-24T14:13:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇAO_FINAL.pdf: 16576321 bytes, checksum: 9af18c26ed19e39780ad5e858f12d488 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-01-31 Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-01-31 Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-01-31 Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-01-31 Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-01-31 Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lucia de Grava Kempinas (algkempinas@fca.unesp.br) on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-01-31 Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-24T17:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nery_iram_me_botfca_par.pdf: 874365 bytes, checksum: 2adc523d328bd513f3efa85825dbb8ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-01-31 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A anatomia dos tecidos vasculares secundários e das estruturas secretoras, tais como os laticíferos, varia em função de fatores ambientais e genéticos. Restrições na disponibilidade de água para as plantas podem acarretar alterações nas características anatômicas do xilema secundário e na estrutura e densidade dos laticíferos. Em um cenário de mudanças climáticas e diante de previsões de intensificação dos períodos de seca, entender o efeito da falta de água no xilema secundário e em laticíferos, torna-se importante para compreender os mecanismos de adaptação e sobrevivência das plantas frente a essas variações. Desta forma, tivemos como objetivo responder como diferentes tratamentos de disponibilidade de água poderiam afetar as características anatômicas do xilema secundário, e características estruturais, de densidade e proporção de laticíferos em Hevea brasiliensis, espécie nativa da Amazônia brasileira, importante econômica e culturalmente. Estudamos 24 plantas jovens de Hevea brasiliensis (clone GT1), seis por tratamento, com aproximadamente três meses e meio de idade. Estas cresceram por cerca de 10 meses sob influência de quatro diferentes tratamentos, onde foram aplicadas, diariamente, as seguintes lâminas d’água: T1 = 7,7 mm; T2 = 10,7 mm; T3 = 14,2 mm e T4 = 16,9 mm. Destas plantas, coletamos seções do caule a 5 cm de altura de seu colo. Processamos o caule de cada uma das plantas segundo técnicas usuais em anatomia vegetal, as quais possibilitaram estudar as diferenças nas características anatômicas do xilema secundário e de laticíferos em Hevea brasiliensis. Utilizamos análise de variância e teste Tukey com alfa de 5% para comparar as variáveis quantitativas entre os tratamentos. Em uma segunda abordagem dos dados, realizamos análise de correlação de Pearson, considerando apenas as variáveis significativas pelo teste Tukey. Das 23 características avaliadas, seis variaram com os tratamentos de disponibilidade de água, a saber: comprimento das fibras libriformes, proporção de fibras libriformes e gelatinosas, densidade e agrupamento de vasos e densidade de laticíferos. Com maior lâmina d’água observamos maior comprimento de fibras libriformes, as quais estavam presentes em menor proporção, maior proporção de fibras gelatinosas, menor densidade e agrupamento de vasos e maior densidade de laticíferos. A maior disponibilidade de água favoreceu o comprimento das fibras libriformes, pois as células inicias cambiais do câmbio vascular estavam em maior turgor hídrico. A maior proporção de fibras libriformes observada no xilema secundário das plantas de tratamentos de menor lâmina d’água forma um mecanismo de resistência contra a implosão de vasos, permitindo maior segurança da condução de água. A presença de fibras gelatinosas em H. brasiliensis é uma característica comum à espécie, e como estas desempenham função de armazenamento de água, sua maior proporção nos tratamentos de maior disponibilidade hídrica indica maiores reservas para suprimento de necessidades do vegetal relacionadas ao crescimento. A maior densidade e agrupamento de vasos, observados em tratamentos de menor disponibilidade de água, permite vias de transporte de água, mesmo em casos de falhas hidráulicas. A presença de parênquima com septos é uma característica nunca antes descrita para a espécie. A maior densidade de laticíferos com aumento do recurso hídrico pode indicar mecanismo de defesa da espécie contra herbivoria e também maior produção em látex. As características qualitativas também foram avaliadas, entretanto, não variaram, sendo idênticas estatisticamente, entre os tratamentos. As variações ou ajustes anatômicos observados são respostas das plantas em função das diferentes lâminas d’água aplicadas, refletindo as tendências ecológicas que ocorrem nos diferentes ambientes. Características anatômicas que não variaram significativamente entre os tratamentos são conservativas para as plantas jovens de H. brasiliensis. The anatomy of the secondary plant tissues and secretory structures such as laticifers, may vary as a function of genetic and environmental factors. Water limitation to plants may result in anatomical changes in the secondary xylem and in the structure, density and proportion of laticifers. In a scenario of recent environmental changes, with the prediction of intensification of drought periods, to understand the effects of lack of water in the plant’s secondary xylem and laticifers becomes important because these changes represent the mechanisms of adaptation and adjustments adopted by the plants to keep themselves functional and alive. Thus, our objective was to investigate if different treatments of water availability would have effect on the anatomical characteristics of the secondary xylem and on the structural characteristics, density and proportion of laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis, an Amazonian native species that carries great economic and cultural value. We have studied 24 young plants of Hevea brasiliensis (GT1 clone), six plants by treatment, with approximately three and half months of age. The plants grew for approximately 10 months under the influence of four different treatments, where we daily applied the following water laminas: T1 = 7,7 mm; T2 = 10,7 mm; T3 = 14,2 mm and T4 = 16,9 mm. From these plants, we collected steam samples, respecting 5 cm from plant lap. We processed the material according to usual techniques in wood anatomy, which has allowed us to study the differences between the anatomical characteristics of the secondary xylem and laticifers in Hevea brasiliensis. A variance analysis followed by a Tukey test at 5% of probability was conducted as a mean to compare the anatomical characteristics of the plants between treatments. In a second data approach we performed a Pearson correlation test taking in consideration only the significant variables to the Tukey test. From the 23 evaluated variables, six of them has shown significant variation with the water availability treatments, they are: the length of libriform fibres, proportion of libriform and gelatinous fibres, vessel density and grouping and laticifer’s density. With the largest water lamina applied (16,9 mm) we observed greater length on libriform fibres, which were present, in the secondary xylem, in smaller proportion; greater proportion of gelatinous fibres; lower vessel density and grouping and greater laticifers’ density. The greater water availability has favored the length of the libriform fibres, because the cambial initial cells were in great water turgor. The higher proportion of libriform fibres, observed in the secondary xylem of plants of the treatments with smaller water lamina, seem to mold a mechanism of resistance against vessel’s implosion, allowing greater safety in water conduction. The presence of libriform fibres in Hevea brasiliensis is a common specie characteristic, their function is to store water, and its greater proportion in the treatments of higher water availability, indicates more water reservoirs which are used to supply plant’s necessities in peaks of growth. The greater vessel density and grouping observed on treatments of lower water availability grant viable waterways, even in cases of hydraulic fails. The presence of septate parenchyma is a characteristic never described before for Hevea brasiliensis. The greater laticifers’ density observed with the increase in water availability indicates a mechanism of defense used by this specie against herbivory and also higher latex yield. The qualitative characteristics have also been evaluated, however, they did not vary among the treatments. The observed anatomical variations or adjustments are the responses of our plants as a function of different water laminas, and they reflect the ecological tendencies that would normally occur in different environments. The anatomical characteristics that did not varied, under the optics of the statistical test, are conservative for the young plants of Hevea brasiliensis. 88882.433232/2019-1
- Published
- 2020
41. Relations among structure, chemistry and density of bark with its function in trunks and roots of species in the cerrado of São Paulo
- Author
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Vergílio, Paula Cristina Benetton [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Marcati, Carmen Regina [UNESP]
- Subjects
bark ,densidade da casca ,secondary phloem ,bark thickness ,casca ,bark chemistry ,Cerrado ,periderme ,química da casca ,bark density ,casca externa ,espessura da casca ,outer bark ,periderm ,inner bark ,floema secundário ,casca interna - Abstract
Submitted by Paula Cristina Benetton Vergilio (paula.vergilio@unesp.br) on 2019-03-29T20:25:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doutorado - Paula C. B. Vergilio.pdf: 7551888 bytes, checksum: 2db3d0a14fd13e914399519609fb0074 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2019-04-01T19:36:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vergilio_pcb_dr_bot_par.pdf: 7551888 bytes, checksum: 2db3d0a14fd13e914399519609fb0074 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-01T19:36:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vergilio_pcb_dr_bot_par.pdf: 7551888 bytes, checksum: 2db3d0a14fd13e914399519609fb0074 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-26 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A casca é um sistema biológico complexo que desempenha diversas funções na planta, incluindo condução de fotoassimilados, suporte mecânico, armazenamento de substâncias e proteção contra herbívoros, patógenos e intempéries como o fogo. A casca é composta, principalmente, pelo floema secundário e pela periderme, e reveste tanto caules quanto raízes. O caule está exposto à atmosfera e tem funções de elevação e suporte da planta, enquanto a raiz está exposta ao solo e tem funções de fixar a planta ao solo, armazenar substâncias e absorver e conduzir água e nutrientes. Contudo, pouco se sabe se as diferentes funções de caules e raízes indicam diferentes funções na casca de cada órgão. Neste trabalho, comparamos a casca de caules e raízes de 15 espécies representativas do cerrado paulista e testamos se a casca do caule apresentaria funções de suporte e proteção, enquanto a casca da raiz apresentaria função de armazenamento de substâncias. Também testamos se encontraríamos maior eficiência na condução de fotoassimilados na casca da raiz. Para tanto, selecionamos 15 espécies de árvores e arbustos do cerrado sensu stricto e amostramos a casca do caule e da raiz. Analisamos a estrutura (espessura e anatomia), a densidade e a química (água, açúcares solúveis, amido, nitrogênio, fósforo e carbono) e relacionamos com as funções da casca em cada órgão. Na casca do caule, encontramos maior espessura da periderme, devido ao felema mais largo com células maiores e mais espessas, e menor densidade da periderme, indicando que a casca do caule tem função de proteção contra herbívoros, patógenos e fogo. Na casca da raiz, encontramos maior espessura relativa do floema secundário e maior quantidade de açúcares solúveis, indicando que a casca da raiz possui função de armazenamento de carboidratos não-estruturais, uma estratégia importante para sobrevivência da planta no cerrado. Contudo, não encontramos evidências que apoiem nossas expectativas de função de suporte na casca do caule ou maior eficiência na condução de fotoassimilados na casca da raiz. Portanto, a casca das plantas do cerrado paulista não apresenta todas as funções desempenhadas pelo caule ou pela raiz, mas participa das funções mais importantes relacionadas à sobrevivência da planta no cerrado, como proteção contra o fogo na casca do caule e armazenamento de carboidratos não-estruturais na casca da raiz. Bark is a complex biological system that performs multiple functions in plant, including photoassimilates conduction, mechanical support, storage and protection against herbivores, pathogens and fire. Bark comprises mainly the secondary phloem and the periderm, and covers both trunks and roots. The trunk is exposed to the atmosphere and has the main functions of plant elevation and plant support, whereas the root is exposed to the ground and has the main functions of fix the plant to the ground, store substances, provide water and nutrients to the plant. However, remain unclear whether the different functions of trunk s and roots indicate different functions in the bark of each organ. In this work, we compared the bark of trunk and roots of species in the cerrado of São Paulo, tested whether the trunk bark presents both support and protection functions, whereas the root bark presents storage function. We also tested whether we would find higher efficiency of photoassimilates conduction in the root bark. For this purpose, we selected 15 representative species of trees and shrubs in the cerrado sensu stricto and sample both trunk and root barks. We analyzed the structure (thickness and anatomy), density and chemistry (water, soluble sugars, starch, nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon) and associated to the bark functions in each organ. In the trunk bark, we found thicker periderm, due to thicker phellem with larger cell and thicker wall cells, and lower periderm density, suggesting a protection function against herbivores, pathogens and fire in trunk bark. In the root bark, we found a higher relative thickness of secondary phloem and a higher amount of soluble sugars, suggesting a nonstructural carbohydrate storage function in root bark, an important strategy for plant survival in the cerrado. However, we found no evidence to sustain our hypotheses of support function in trunk bark or higher efficiency of photoassimilates conduction in root bark. Therefore, the bark of plants in cerrado of São Paulo does not have all the functions performed by the trunk or the root, but it participates in the most important functions related to the plant survival in the cerrado, such as protection against fire in trunk bark and nonstructural carbohydrate storage in root bark.
- Published
- 2019
42. Anatomy, density and potential hydraulic conductivity of the secondary xylem of trees from three provenances of Balfourodendron riedelianum (Engl.) Engl. (Rutaceae) in homogeneous plantations
- Author
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Silva, Jane Rodrigues da, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Marcati, Carmen Regina [UINESP], and Longui, Eduardo Luiz [UNESP]
- Subjects
provenance test ,mudanças climáticas ,genotype ,teste de procedência ,genótipo ,predisposição genética ,phenotypic plasticity ,genetic predisposition ,plasticidade fenotípica ,climatic changes - Abstract
Submitted by Jane Rodrigues da Silva (janersbio@gmail.com) on 2018-03-08T13:12:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_completa_final.pdf: 3415633 bytes, checksum: af28727bb056bb44e01fe82328f62eec (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Pizzani null (luciana@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-03-09T14:09:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_jr_dr_bot_par.pdf: 827948 bytes, checksum: fa3c2771e8aa2a1669bcc2dbf46d81e7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-09T14:09:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_jr_dr_bot_par.pdf: 827948 bytes, checksum: fa3c2771e8aa2a1669bcc2dbf46d81e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Estudos intraespecíficos com procedências replicadas em diferentes locais permitem distinguir o efeito do genótipo e do ambiente no crescimento e na estrutura anatômica das plantas. Diante das previsões de intensificação dos períodos seca e o aumento da temperatura em todo o mundo, entender como a predisposição genética e o ambiente influenciam o crescimento das plantas e as características do xilema secundário é importante para estabelecer futuros padrões na distribuição de espécies arbóreas. Assim, neste trabalho, avaliamos o efeito da procedência e das condições ambientais na variabilidade intraespecífica do crescimento das árvores e da estrutura anatômica do xilema secundário de Balfourodendron riedelianum (Engl.) Engl. (Rutaceae). Comparamos o crescimento (estimado por meio da altura e do diâmetro do caule), a densidade da madeira, a condutividade hidráulica potencial e as características anatômicas do xilema secundário de árvores adultas de três procedências de B. riedelianum crescidas em dois plantios homogêneos como testes de procedências. Selecionamos 72 árvores de 30 anos de idade de B. riedelianum crescidas em um plantio homogêneo localizado na Estação Experimental de Luís Antônio e outro na Estação Experimental de Pederneiras, ambos no estado de São Paulo. O solo do plantio de Luís Antônio é argiloso e neste local há maior precipitação anual do que no plantio de Pederneiras, onde o solo é arenoso. As procedências vêm de sementes coletadas em populações naturais localizadas no município de Alvorada do Sul, estado do Paraná, e Bauru e Gália, estado de São Paulo. Em Alvorada do Sul e Gália, as sementes foram coletadas em área de Floresta Estacional Semidecídua, e em Bauru foram coletadas em área de ecótono entre Cerrado e Floresta Estacional Semidecídua. Nas regiões de Alvorada do Sul e Gália há maior precipitação anual do que na região de Bauru. Para o estudo anatômico do xilema secundário, processamos o material de acordo com as técnicas usuais em anatomia do xilema secundário. Para cada indivíduo amostrado calculamos a condutividade hidráulica potencial e mensuramos a densidade da madeira e 21 características anatômicas do xilema secundário. Para testar o efeito da procedência, dos fatores ambientais, da interação entre procedência e o ambiente e a altura das árvores nas características do xilema secundário realizamos análise de variância multivariada permutacional (PERMANOVA). Para verificar as diferenças no crescimento das árvores e nas características do xilema secundário entre as procedências e entre os plantios realizamos uma análise de variância (ANOVA) de dois fatores. Identificamos que as variações nas características do xilema secundário de B. riedelianum são determinadas pela procedência, com efeito das condições ambientais dos plantios, e pela interação das procedências com as condições ambientais dos plantios. Encontramos vasos mais estreitos e com paredes celulares finas, mais agrupados e em maior densidade, com pontoações intervasculares menores e aberturas estreitas, raios mais baixos e numerosos e menor condutividade hidráulica potencial, características que indicam maior segurança no transporte de água nas árvores oriundas de Bauru, local com maior restrição hídrica, quando comparamos aos indivíduos oriundos de Gália, local com maior disponibilidade hídrica. Entretanto, para a procedência de Alvorada do Sul, apesar de ser local com condições ambientais mésicas, as árvores apresentaram xilema secundário com características que indicam maior segurança no transporte de água. Estes resultados demonstram que as procedências de Bauru e Gália mantiveram algumas características anatômicas do xilema secundário relacionadas ao seu local de origem, independente de seu local de crescimento. As condições ambientais dos plantios tiveram efeito no crescimento das plantas e nas características do xilema secundário. Encontramos árvores mais altas e com caules mais largos e o xilema secundário com características de maior eficiência no transporte de água, com maior condutividade hidráulica potencial, vasos mais largos, elementos de vaso longos, pontoações intervasculares maiores e com abertura largas e raios menos numerosos no plantio de Luís Antônio, local com maior disponibilidade de água. Isto indica que o crescimento das árvores e as características do xilema secundário de B. riedelianum também apresentam plasticidade às novas condições ambientais de crescimento. Intraspecific studies with provenances replicated at different sites allow to distinguish the effect of genotype and environment on the growth and anatomical structure of plants. Considering predictions of drought intensification and increased temperature in wordwilde, understanding how genetic predisposition and environment influence plant growth and secondary xylem features is important to establishing future patterns in the distribution of tree species. Thus, in this work, we evaluated the effect of the provenance and environmental conditions on the intraspecific variability of tree growth and the anatomical structure of the secondary xylem of Balfourodendron riedelianum (Engl.) Engl. (Rutaceae). We compared growth (estimated from stem height and diameter), wood density, potential hydraulic conductivity, and anatomical features of the secondary xylem of adult trees of three provenances of B. riedelianum from two homogeneous plantations as provenances tests. We selected 72 trees of 30 years old of B. riedelianum grown in a homogeneous plantation located in the Experimental Station of Luís Antônio and another in the Experimental Station of Pederneiras, in the state of São Paulo. The plantations of Luís Antônio have clay soil and highest annual precipitation than the plantations of Pederneiras, where the soil is sandy. The provenances came from seeds collected in natural populations located in the city of Alvorada do Sul, state of Paraná, and from Bauru and Gália, state of São Paulo. In Alvorada do Sul and Gália, the seeds were collected in a Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, and in Bauru were collected in an ecotone between Cerrado and Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. In the regions of Alvorada do Sul and Gália there is higher annual precipitation than in the region of Bauru. For the anatomical study of the secondary xylem, we process the material according to the usual techniques in wood anatomy. For each individual sample we calculated the potential hydraulic conductivity and measured the wood density and 21 anatomical features of the secondary xylem. To test the effect of provenance, environmental factors, interaction between provenance and environmental, and tree height in the secondary xylem features, we performed permutational multivariate analyses of variance (PERMANOVA). To verify the differences between the growth and traits of the secondary xylem between the provenances and the environmental conditions, we performed a two-way ANOVA. We identified that the variations in the features of the secondary xylem of B. riedelianum are determined by the provenance, with effect of the environmental conditions of the plantations, and by the interaction of the provenances with the environmental conditions. We found narrower vessels with thinner cell walls, more grouped vessels and higher density, with smaller intervessel pits and narrow aperture, lower and numerous rays and lower potential hydraulic conductivity, features that indicate safety of water transport in the trees from Bauru, site with lower water availability, when compared to individuals from Gália, site with higher water availability. However, for provenance of Alvorada do Sul, despite being local with mesic environments, trees have secondary xylem with features that indicate safety of water transport. These results demonstrate that the provenances of Bauru and Gália maintained some anatomical features of the secondary xylem related to their site of origin, independent of their growth site. The environmental conditions of the plantations had an effect on the plants growth and secondary xylem features. We found taller trees with larger stems and secondary xylem with characteristics of higher efficiency in water transport, with higher potential hydraulic conductivity, larger vessels, longer vessel elements, larger intervessel pits with larger aperture and less number of rays in the Luís Antônio plantations, site with higher water availability. This indicates that the growth and secondary xylem features of B. riedelianum also present plasticity to the new environmental conditions of growth. Processo FAPESP: 2015/14954-1
- Published
- 2018
43. Influence of water availability, day length and temperature on cambial activity in Cordiera concolor (Rubiaceae)
- Author
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Lara, Natália Oliveira Totti de [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Marcati, Carmen Regina [UNESP], and Silva, Magali Ribeiro da [UNESP]
- Subjects
Comprimento do dia ,Câmbio vascular ,Regime hídrico controlado ,Cerrado ,Temperatura - Abstract
Submitted by NATÁLIA OLIVEIRA TOTTI DE LARA null (natotti@gmail.com) on 2017-01-02T17:59:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lara NOT Tese.pdf: 3546215 bytes, checksum: f1be9d68de49456e2e9876a870666661 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-01-05T13:39:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lara_not_dr_bot_par.pdf: 1286004 bytes, checksum: b659278c9a783ad7cdafa9e6d04c072e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-05T13:39:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lara_not_dr_bot_par.pdf: 1286004 bytes, checksum: b659278c9a783ad7cdafa9e6d04c072e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-02 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Em ambientes tropicais, a disponibilidade hídrica é um dos principais fatores que interferem na atividade cambial das espécies vegetais. Estudos recentes, em campo, indicam também o comprimento do dia e a temperatura como sinalizadores importantes da atividade cambial nestas espécies. Este estudo experimental visa contribuir para o entendimento da influência dos fatores abióticos, água, comprimento do dia e temperatura, na atividade cambial em plantas com um ano de idade de Cordiera concolor (Cham.) Kuntze (Rubiaceae). A espécie, sempre-verde e arbustiva, é nativa, comum no cerrado paulista, e possui camadas de crescimento demarcadas por faixas marginais de parênquima axial. Realizamos dois experimentos (n=45 plantas cada um), sob regime hídrico controlado e sob comprimento do dia e temperatura naturais, um no início da primavera, quando o fotoperíodo aumenta de 11 para 12 horas e a temperatura média é de 19,9ºC e outro no final do verão, quando o fotoperíodo diminui de 12 horas para 11 horas e a temperatura média é de 23,9ºC, ambos durante cinco semanas. Cada experimento continha os mesmos três tratamentos hídricos, com 15 plantas cada, obtidos a partir de uma curva de retenção hídrica de solo de cerrado sensu stricto: saturação hídrica (21% de umidade), capacidade de campo (8% de umidade) e deficiência hídrica (3% de umidade). Ao final de cada semana, sorteamos três plantas de cada tratamento e coletamos a região mais desenvolvida do eixo caulinar. Obtivemos secções transversais e longitudinais tangenciais e radiais seriadas para análise da atividade cambial. Atribuímos presença/ausência da atividade cambial através da visualização de figuras mitóticas e paredes recém-formadas observadas na zona cambial. Para a avaliação das paredes recém-formadas, amostramos quinze fileiras sequenciais radiais na zona cambial e contamos todas as paredes recém-formadas localizadas nesta região. Analisamos os dados a partir de modelos lineares generalizados (GLM) o que nos permitiu observar que no início da primavera, independentemente da quantidade de água, a atividade cambial é intensificada com o aumento do fotoperíodo. No final do verão, a quantidade de água influencia na atividade cambial, onde observamos que (i) as plantas submetidas à saturação hídrica apresentaram atividade cambial que se prolongou ao longo das semanas; (ii) as plantas em capacidade de campo entraram em dormência ao longo das semanas e (iii) as plantas em deficiência hídrica apresentaram dormência cambial desde a primeira semana. A temperatura não foi um sinalizador importante para a atividade cambial em nenhum dos dois períodos. Adicionalmente observamos a formação e a diferenciação das células parenquimáticas que compõem a faixa marginal no início do período de atividade cambial, sendo esta, portanto, inicial. Concluímos que a disponibilidade hídrica não influencia a atividade cambial no período em que o comprimento do dia aumenta ao longo das semanas. Já, no período em que o comprimento do dia diminui, a água tem maior influência nas plantas, modificando a relação da dormência cambial com o comprimento do dia. In tropics, the water availability is one of the main factors interfering in the cambial activity of plants. Recent studies, in the field, also indicate that day length and temperature are important signals of the cambial activity in tropical plants. This experimental study aims to contribute for understanding the role of these abiotic factors (water, day length and temperature) on cambial activity in 1-year-old plants of Cordiera concolor (Cham.) Kuntze (Rubiaceae). This species, evergreen and shrubby, is native and common in Cerrado of São Paulo, and have growth layers demarcated by axial parenchyma marginal bands. We conducted two experiments (n = 45 plants, each), under controlled water regimes and under natural day length and temperature, one in early spring, when the day length increases from 11 hours to 12 hours and mean temperature is 19,9ºC and another in late summer, when day length decreases from 12 hours to 11 hours and mean temperature is 23,9ºC, both for five weeks. Each experiment contained the same three water treatments, obtained from a water retention curve of cerrado soil, with 15 plants each: waterlogging (21% moisture), field capacity (8% moisture) and water deficit (3% moisture). At the end of each week, we randomly selected three plants of each treatment and collected the most developed region of the main stem. We obtained transverse and tangential and radial sections for cambial activity analyses. We identified cambial activity by mitotic figures and the presence of recently formed periclinal cell walls. We used fifteen sequential radial rows in the cambial zone to count the newly formed periclinal cell walls. We analyzed the data using generalized linear models (GLM) which allowed us to observe that in early spring, regardless of the amount of water, the cambial activity is increased by day length. In late summer, the amount of water influences the cambial activity, which we observed that (i) plants subjected to waterlogging had their cambial activity prolonged throughout the weeks; (ii) the plants in field capacity had their cambium dormant over the weeks and (iii) the plants in water deficit presented cambial dormancy since the first week. The temperature was not an important signal for cambial activity in both periods. Additionally, we observed, in the beginning of cambial activity, the production and differentiation of the parenchyma cells that compound the marginal bands, which means that the bands are initial. We conclude that water availability does not influence the cambial activity in the period when the day length increases over the weeks. In the period when the day length decreases, the water has greater influence on plants, modifying the relation of the cambial dormancy with the day length. FAPESP: 13/05700-0
- Published
- 2016
44. Cambial activity in branches of Kielmeyera grandiflora (WAWRA) saddi (Callophylaceae) in cerrado of São Paulo
- Author
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Parmeggiani, Rafaela Prosdocini [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Marcati, Carmen Regina [UNESP], and Bosio, Fabio [UNESP]
- Subjects
Comprimento do dia ,Fenologia foliar ,Câmbio vascular ,Internodal growth sections ,Sazonalidade tropical ,Temperature ,Foliar phenology ,Vascular cambium ,Temperatura ,Climatic seasonality ,Day length ,Sazonalidade pluvial ,Tropical savanna - Abstract
Submitted by Rafaela Prosdocini Parmeggiani (rafaela.prosdocini@gmail.com) on 2016-02-16T16:01:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Atividade cambial em ramos de Kielmeyera grandiflora (Wawra) Saddi (Calophyllaceae) ocorrentes no cerrado paulista.pdf: 2086514 bytes, checksum: d4efa2e5aa9b442218c364e59bc53a9a (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-02-17T15:53:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 parmeggiani_rp_me_bot.pdf: 2086514 bytes, checksum: d4efa2e5aa9b442218c364e59bc53a9a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-17T15:53:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parmeggiani_rp_me_bot.pdf: 2086514 bytes, checksum: d4efa2e5aa9b442218c364e59bc53a9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) No cerrado, as estações são bem demarcadas pela sazonalidade pluvial, portanto, espera-se que haja uma sazonalidade na atividade do câmbio vascular. Kielmeyera grandiflora é considerada uma espécie modelo para estudos de atividade cambial em ramos, pois possui módulos de crescimento bem demarcados, formados por cicatrizes da gema terminal. Nosso objetivo foi de entender qual a relação entre a atividade cambial de Kielmeyera grandiflora (Wawra) Saddi (Calophyllaceae), os fatores ambientais e a fenologia e responder se a atividade cambial varia entre três módulos de crescimentos consecutivos. A área de estudo é um fragmento de cerrado em regeneração no município de Botucatu, estado de São Paulo, Brasil (S 22º53’11.0’’, W 48º29’17.3’’). Foram amostrados mensalmente os três últimos módulos de crescimento dos ramos de três indivíduos durante o período de fevereiro de 2012 a fevereiro de 2013. No mesmo período, a fenologia (brotação, folhas novas, folhas adultas, folhas senescentes e queda foliar) foram avaliadas. O material foi fixado em CRAF III para conservação do conteúdo celular. As amostras foram desidratadas em série alcoólica e incluídas em resina metacrilato para posterior corte em micrótomo rotativo. As análises foram feitas em fotomicroscópio de luz. Utilizamos Modelo Generalizado Linear Misto (GLMM) com erro Binomial para a variável resposta presença/ausência da atividade cambial e erro de Poisson para a variável resposta de contagem de paredes recém formadas. O início da atividade cambial, a brotação e o desenvolvimento de folhas novas ocorreram durante o mês de agosto no período seco. O período de atividade cambial sobrepôs-se à estação chuvosa, temperaturas elevadas e comprimento do dia entre 12 e 13,6 h. O câmbio vascular entrou em dormência em maio, mês que ainda chovia, contudo a temperatura e o comprimento do dia passavam por quedas acentuadas. A variação da atividade cambial entre os módulos de crescimento foi representativa somente no período de reativação cambial, mostrando que o módulo 1, mais próximo às fontes de auxina, apesar de ter iniciado atividade junto ao módulo 3, produziu em todo o período analisado, maior quantidade de células novas, possivelmente devido à ação de hormônios produzidos nos tecidos jovens e em desenvolvimento. In the cerrado, the seasons are well marked by rain seasonality; therefore, there is a seasonality in the vascular cambium activity. Kielmeyera grandiflora is considered a model for branch cambial activity studies because it has well marked growth modules formed by terminal bud scars. Our goal was to understand what the relationship between cambial activity of Kielmeyera grandiflora (Wawra) Saddi (Calophyllaceae), environmental factors and the phenology and answear wheter cambial activity varies between three consecutive sections of internodal growth. The study area is a cerrado fragment in regeneration in the city of Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil (22° 53 ' S 11.0 '', W 48° 29 ' 17.3 ''). Were sampled on a monthly basis the last three modules of growth of branches of three individuals during the period between February 2012 to February 2013. The material was fixed in CRAF III for preservation of cell content. The samples were dehydrated in alcohol series and included in historesin for further cut in rotary microtome. Analyses were made on light microscope. We used Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) with Binomial error for the variable reply presence/absence of cambial activity and Poisson error for the variable count response of newly formed walls. The beginning of cambial activity, the sprouting and the development of new leaves occurred during the month of August in the dry period. The period of cambial activity overlapped the rainy season, high temperatures and day length between 12 and 13, 6 h. The vascular cambium dormancy was observed in May, a raining month; however, temperature and day length was decreasing. The variation of cambial activity between the internodal growth sections was representative just in reactivation period, showing that the younger internodal section, closest to the sources of auxin, has produced in the whole study period a larger number of new cells that the older, possibly due to the action of hormones produced in young and development tissues.
- Published
- 2015
45. Cambial activity and the girdling effect in the sconary xylem en cerrado species
- Author
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Bosio, Fabio [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Marcati, Carmen Regina [UNESP]
- Subjects
Xylem ,Sistema vascular de plantas ,Floema ,Xilema ,Plantas - Efeito da auxina ,Cerrado plants ,Plantas dos cerrados - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T18:48:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-26. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-08-12T18:50:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000865641_20170301.pdf: 156033 bytes, checksum: 305d3d58e227bb3dab815893138e70d3 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-03-03T11:01:34Z: 000865641_20170301.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-03-03T11:02:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000865641.pdf: 1581001 bytes, checksum: 3b640de54758f10bba3e166471a8e8ff (MD5) Este estudo abordou a sazonalidade da atividade cambial e da fenologia vegetativa, a relação existente entre estes dois eventos e a relação destes com fatores climáticos e ambientais, bem como os efeitos de anelamento caulinar na estrutura do xilema secundário em espécies de cerrado. Para o estudo da sazonalidade da atividade cambial, amostras do caule principal de Kielmeyera grandiflora (Wawra) Saddi (Calophyllaceae) foram coletadas mensalmente, entre setembro de 2011 e dezembro de 2012. No mesmo período, foram feitas observações mensais das fases fenológicas vegetativas para avaliar a sazonalidade na produção de folhas e comparar estes dados com a atividade cambial. Para verificar quais os fatores ambientais e climáticos relacionados com a brotação e com o início da atividade cambial, foram calculadas as médias de temperatura e do fotoperíodo, e obtido o somatório da precipitação em uma escala de tempo que variou de 1 a 30 dias antes da brotação e do início da atividade cambial. Em seguida, foi calculado o coeficiente de variação das médias para avaliar a variabilidade entre os anos. Para o estudo do efeito de anelamento caulinar na estrutura do xilema secundário foi montado um experimento em campo com a espécie Aegiphila verticillata Vell. (Lamiaceae). O experimento foi composto por dois grupos, anelamento e controle. No grupo anelamento, a casca e o câmbio vascular foram removidos completamente do caule principal na porção central do tronco, formando um anel completo. O objetivo do anelamento foi interromper o fluxo polar de auxina produzido na copa para avaliar os efeitos dessa interrupção na estrutura do xilema secundário. No grupo controle, o caule não foi anelado. Para identificar o xilema secundário formado antes do anelamento do formado posteriormente ao tratamento foi feita uma incisão na casca, nas porções acima e abaixo do anelamento, até atingir o câmbio vascular. Esta incisão... This study approached the seasonality in cambial activity and vegetative phenology, the relationship between these events and their relation with wheater and environmental factors, and also the effects of stem girdling in the structure of secondary xylem in Cerrado species. In order to study of seasonality in cambial activity, monthly samples from main stem of Kielmeyera grandiflora (Wawra) Saddi (Calophyllaceae) were collected from September 2011 to December 2012. In the same period, observations of vegetative phenological phases were made to assess the seasonality in leaf production, and to compare these data with cambial activity. In order to certify which environmental and weather features are related with bud opening and onset of cambial activity, it was calculated the mean value of temperature and photoperiod, and obtained the sum of rainfall in a time scale that ranged from 1 to 30 days before bud opening and the onset of cambial activity. After that, the coefficient of variation was calculated to assess the variability between years. In order to evaluate the stem girdling effect in the structure of secondary xylem was conducted an experiment in field with the species Aegiphila verticillataVell (Lamiaceae), composed of two groups, girdling and control. In girdling group, bark and cambium were completely removed from the central portion of main stem, forming a complete ring. The purpose of girdling was to interrupt the polar flow of auxin produced in the crown, and to assess the effect of its disruption in the structure of secondary xylem. In control group, it has not made a girdling in the stem. To distinguish the xylem formed before girdling from xylem formed after the treatment, an incision (03 cm in length) was made in the regions above and below girdling until reaches the vascular cambium. In the same way, in control group an incision in the bark was made at a central point of the ...
- Published
- 2015
46. Anatomia comparada da casca de stryphnodendron polyphyllum mart. (fabaceae) em cerrado sensu stricto e mata de galeria
- Author
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Vergílio, Paula Cristina Benetton [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Marcati, Carmen Regina [UNESP]
- Subjects
Cerrados ,Mata ciliar ,Plantas lenhosas - Anatomia ,Fogo ,Woody plants Anatomy - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:53:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-01-23Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:59:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000829636.pdf: 1079152 bytes, checksum: 3d6200cb153a36d501e804ecf12dc319 (MD5) O cerrado abrange diversas fitofisionomias, dentre elas, o cerrado sensu stricto, que é uma formação savânica onde há a ocorrência de fogo e o solo é mais pobre em nutrientes, e a mata de galeria, que é uma formação florestal onde não ocorre o fogo e o solo é mais rico em nutrientes. Nós hipotetizamos que a casca das árvores do cerrado sensu stricto é mais larga (proteção ao fogo) e tem um maior grau de escleromorfia nas suas células (solo mais pobre). Para testar essas hipóteses nós comparamos populações de Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart. (Fabaceae) em cerrado sensu stricto e mata de galeria. Para tal, coletamos amostras de ramos de indivíduos adultos de S. polyphyllum, realizamos a extração e dosagem de fenóis totais da casca, confeccionamos lâminas permanentes e semipermanentes da casca, e analisamos os aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos da casca. Não houve variações nos aspectos qualitativos da casca entre as populações, podendo ser usados para fins taxonômicos. Já, os aspectos quantitativos apresentaram variações entre as populações. A população do cerrado sensu stricto apresentou valores maiores na largura e proporção do ritidoma e valores menores na largura e proporção do floema secundário condutor, nos diâmetros da fibra e do elemento de tubo crivado e na altura dos raios. Essas diferenças evidenciam as estratégias de cada população, sendo que a casca população do cerrado sensu stricto se caracteriza pela proteção contra fogo e pela segurança na condução de fotoassimilados; e a casca da população da mata de galeria se caracteriza pela eficiência na condução de fotoassimilados. Não encontramos diferenças nem quanto à largura da casca e nem quanto ao grau de escleromorfia nas células da casca entre as populações estudadas. The cerrado covers various vegetation types, among them, the cerrado sensu stricto, which is a savanna types where has the fire occurrence, and it has poorer soil, and the gallery forest, which is a forest type where has not the fire occurence, and it has rich soil. We hypothesized that the cerrado sensu stricto trees has ticker bark (fire protection), and it has a higher degree of scleromorphism into its cells (poorer soil). To test these hypotheses we compared populations of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart. (Fabaceae) in both cerrado sensu stricto and gallery forest. We collected branche samples of adult trees of S. polyphyllum, and we performed the extraction and quantification of total phenols from the bark, and we made permanent and semipermanent bark slides, and we analyze the qualitative and quantitative bark aspects. The qualitative bark aspects did not show any variation between both populations, and it can be used for taxonomic purposes. The quantitative aspects showed variations between both populations. The cerrado sensu stricto population showed higher values in the width and proportion of rhytidome; and lower values in the width and proportion of conducting secundary phloem, and in the fiber diameter, and in the sieve element diameter, and in rays height. These differences highlight the strategies of each population. The feature bark of cerrado sensu stricto population is the fire protection, and phloem conductivity safety. The feature bark of gallery forest population is the phloem conductivity efficiency. We do not found differences neither of width and proportion bark, nor of degree of scleromorphic into bark cells between the study populations.
- Published
- 2015
47. Phenology, anatomical and functional trades of the secondary xylem of wood species of the Brazilian Chaco
- Author
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Zildamara dos Reis Holsback, Carmello-Guerreiro, Sandra Maria, 1963, Oliveira, Rafael Silva, 1974, Marcati, Carmen Regina, Mayer, Juliana Lischka Sampaio, Meireles, Leonardo Dias, Dias, Arildo de Souza, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
- Subjects
Água - Armazenamento ,Phenology ,Wood - Density ,Transporte hidráulico ,Madeira - Anatomia ,Madeira - Densidade ,Hydraulic conveying ,Water - Storage ,Fenologia ,Wood - Anatomy - Abstract
Orientadores: Sandra Maria Carmello Guerreiro, Rafael Silva Oliveira Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia Resumo: A sazonalidade exerce influência na fenologia foliar. No geral, durante o período seco, as espécies decíduas perdem suas folhas e evitam a contínua perda de água devido a transpiração. Já as espécies sempreverdes, por possuírem folhas durante o período seco, precisam manter o transporte hídrico em taxas suficientes para evitar a dessecação, pois durante esse período, a demanda evaporativa do ar é alta. De acordo com a literatura, algumas espécies são capazes de produzir folhas ainda durante a estação seca, essa capacidade estaria relacionada a acesso a água subterrânea ou mesmo água armazenada em seus tecidos. A densidade da madeira está intimamente relacionada com a capacidade de armazenamento de água no caule, pois é inversamente proporcional ao teor de saturação de água. A densidade da madeira é determinada pela composição do xilema secundário, dessa forma é de se esperar que a baixa densidade da madeira esteja relacionada a maior eficiência no transporte hídrico enquanto a alta densidade da madeira esteja relacionada a maior proporção de fibras, essas de paredes mais espessas e lúmen reduzido. Nosso estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se a densidade da madeira é um bom preditor da fenologia foliar e também como é a variação dos atributos do xilema secundário de acordo com o padrão de fenologia foliar e a densidade da madeira das espécies. Para isso acompanhamos a fenologia foliar de 17 espécies lenhosas por 25 meses consecutivos no Chaco brasileiro, região de clima sazonalmente seco. Utilizando a estatística circular, criamos um índice que representa em ângulos a distância em tempo entre o pico da produção de folhas e da precipitação. Avaliamos também a composição e proporção dos tipos celulares do xilema secundário relacionados ao transporte hídrico e armazenamento. Verificamos que a cobertura de copa foi relacionada com a pluviosidade, no entanto a produção de folhas não, pois essa ocorreu no período seco em algumas espécies e no período chuvoso em outras. Constatamos uma correlação negativa entre o índice que mede a distância temporal da produção de folhas e a pluviosidade com a densidade da madeira. Dessa forma, verificamos que as espécies com baixa densidade da madeira produziram folhas durante o período seco enquanto espécies com alta densidade da madeira produziram folhas durante o período chuvoso. Produzir folhas durante o período seco parece ser um paradoxo, pois plantas precisam de água para a divisão e expansão celular. No entanto, as espécies com baixa densidade da madeira possuem maior capacidade de armazenamento de água, refletida pelo maior teor de saturação de água e maior proporção de tecido armazenador. Consideramos tecido armazenador, a soma da proporção ocupada em secção transversal por parênquima (axial e radial), fibras gelatinosas e fibras septadas. Essa maior proporção de tecido armazenador contribuiu com a menor densidade da madeira e maior armazenamento de água. Verificamos também que não houve uma convergência de maior eficiência no transporte hídrico para espécies decíduas comparadas as espécies sempreverdes, contrapondo diversos estudos que relacionam a variação da eficiência hidráulica em diferentes grupos fenológicos Abstract: The seasonally influences leaf phenology, in general, tropical deciduous trees shed their leaves during dry season avoiding water transport. Already the evergreen species, must maintain water transport to their canopies at sufficient rate to prevent desiccation when evaporative demand is high. The literature shows that some species are able to leaf flush during the dry season, this capacity is related to access to subsoil water, or they can stored water in their tissues. The wood density is closely related to storage water in the stem, as it is inversely proportional to saturation water content. The wood density is determined by the composition of a secondary xylem, so is expected that the low wood density is related to more efficiency to water transport, while the high wood density is related to a higher proportion of fibers and ticker fiber walls. In this study, we evaluated if the wood density is a good predictor of leaf phenology and also how the secondary xylem attributes is variation according to leaf phenology and wood density. We followed the leaf phenology of 17 woody species for 25 months in the Brazilian Chaco, a seasonally dry ecosystem. Using circular statistics, we created an index representing the distance in time between leaf flush and precipitation. In addition, we evaluate composition and proportional cross-sectional of the cell types of secondary xylem. We found that the percentage of canopy was related to precipitation, however the leaf flush not, because it was distributed in the dry and rainy season. We found a trade-off between the leaf flush and wood density. The species with low wood density produced leaves during the dry season, while high wood density species produced leaves during the rainy season. Produce leaves during the dry season seems to be a paradox, because the plants need water to cell¿s division and expansion. However, species with low wood density have higher water storage because have high saturation water content and high proportion of storage tissue. In our work, we consider storage tissue included the parenchyma, gelatinous fiber and septate fiber; these cells must have contributed to low density and high stored water. We also note that there was not a convergence between efficient and safe water transport between deciduous species and evergreen species Doutorado Biologia Vegetal Doutora em Biologia Vegetal CNPQ 620176/2008-3, 552352/2011-0
- Published
- 2015
48. Anatomia comparada do lenho de Tabebuia aurea (Bignoniaceae) e Tocoyena formosa (Rubiaceae) que ocorrem no cerrado e na caatinga
- Author
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Dória, Larissa Chacon [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Marcati, Carmen Regina [UNESP], and Lima, Rivete Silva de [UNESP]
- Subjects
Cerrados ,Madeira - Anatomia ,Caatinga plants ,Rubiacea ,Xilema ,Plantas da caatinga ,Tabebuia - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:58:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000788236_20150226.pdf: 440255 bytes, checksum: 4d7a35e57eee32f75ee09b0fb64557c0 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-02-27T13:20:33Z: 000788236_20150226.pdf,Bitstream added on 2015-02-27T13:21:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000788236.pdf: 5396412 bytes, checksum: e428984dcbd4c9b4683769bfe8b0e0d8 (MD5) O cerrado e a caatinga são domínios fitogeográficos brasileiros que apresentam diferenças principalmente em relação à latitude, temperatura, disponibilidade hídrica e condições edáficas. Assim, visando identificar estratégias anatômicas, o nosso objetivo foi comparar a anatomia do lenho de Tabebuia aurea (Bignoniaceae) e Tocoyena formosa (Rubiaceae) ocorrentes no cerrado e na caatinga para testar se ocorrem diferenças anatômicas e se os indivíduos pertencentes à caatinga apresentam maior grau de xeromorfismo. Realizamos as coletas do cerrado no município de Pratânia – SP (22º 48’35’’ S e 48º 39’57’’ W) e as de caatinga nos municípios de São João do Cariri - PB (7º 23’27’’ S e 36º 32’2’’ W) e Serra Branca – PB (7º 29’14’’ S e 36º 39’51’’ W). Coletamos amostras do lenho de cinco indivíduos de cada espécie, em cada domínio e, pelo fato de observarmos em campo a diferença de espessura da casca de T. aurea nos dois domínios, comparamos a porcentagem de casca nas amostras dessa espécie. Os resultados da MANOVA mostraram que os indivíduos das duas espécies se diferenciaram pelos caracteres anatômicos, nos diferentes ambientes, com um valor p significativo. Para T. aurea, os indivíduos do cerrado investem em produção de tecido de proteção observado pela maior espessura da casca e em condução radial pela maior altura e largura dos raios. Na caatinga, os indivíduos investem em condução e segurança hídrica, pelo menor diâmetro tangencial dos vasos. Em relação à T. formosa, os caracteres xeromórficos como índice de agrupamento, frequência de vasos e índices de vulnerabilidade e mesomorfia, foram mais marcantes nos indivíduos do cerrado. Entendemos que essa resposta seja devido às condições edáficas do cerrado que apresenta solos com alto teor de alumínio, e que não esteja relacionado às condições de temperatura e precipitação The cerrado and caatinga are Brazilian phytogeographic domains which differ mainly in relation to latitude, temperature, water availability and soil conditions. Thus, in order to verify anatomical strategies, our goal was compare the wood anatomy of Tabebuia aurea (Bignoniaceae) and Tocoyena formosa (Rubiaceae) occurring in cerrado and caatinga to test whether anatomical differences occur and whether individuals belonging to caatinga exhibit a greater degree of xeromorphism. In cerrado we collected in Pratânia municipality, São Paulo state (22 º 48'35 '' S and 48 º 39'57 '' W) and in caatinga in São João do Cariri municipality, Paraíba state (7 º 23'27 '' S and 36 ° 32'2 '' W) and Serra Branca municipality, Paraíba state (7 º 29'14 '' S and 36 º 39'51 '' W). We collected wood samples from five individuals of each species in each area. We observed in the field a striking difference in bark thickness of the T. aurea belonging two different environments, so we collected bark samples from this species and we compared the bark percentage in these samples. The results of MANOVA showed that individuals of the two species differed by anatomical characters in different environments, showing a meaningful p value. Related to T. aurea individuals from cerrado invest in protective tissue observed by larger thickness of the bark and in radial conduction by greater height and width of rays. In caatinga, individuals invest in conductivity and water security observed by vessels of narrow diameter. Regarding to T. formosa the xeromorphic characters, like index group, vessel frequency and vulnerability and mesomorphy index were more pronounced in individuals from cerrado. We hypothesized that the soil conditions of the cerrado that shows high levels of aluminum should be more effective in this response as temperature and precipitation
- Published
- 2014
49. Anatomia comparada da madeira de Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) arráb. ex steud. (Boraginaceae) proveniente de sementes de duas procedências e análise dos anéis de crescimento
- Author
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Caum, Caroline [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Marcati, Carmen Regina [UNESP], and Longui, Eduardo Luiz [UNESP]
- Subjects
Arvores - Crescimento ,Madeira - Anatomia ,Woody plants ,Plantas lenhosas - Anatomia ,Arvores - Mudas ,Arvores - Temperatura ,Arvores - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-07-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:19:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 caum_c_me_botfca.pdf: 5422030 bytes, checksum: 9485b6210a9c6618b595666658b5d594 (MD5) As características estruturais do lenho são influenciadas diretamente pelos fatores ambientais e genéticos. Algumas características possuem alta herdabilidade genética, baixa plasticidade fenotípica e independem das condições ambientais em que estão inseridas. Neste trabalho comparamos a anatomia da madeira de árvores adultas de Cordia trichotoma que foram plantadas em mesmo local com sementes de duas procedências (Bauru e Piracicaba) e dados de largura dos anéis de crescimento foram correlacionados com a precipitação e a temperatura. Foram coletados discos de doze árvores desta espécie, na Estação Experimental de Luiz Antônio, SP sendo seis de cada procedência (Bauru e Piracicaba). Para a análise microscópica do lenho foram realizados cortes histológicos nos três planos convencionais (transversal, longitudinal tangencial e longitudinal radial), e lâminas permanentes foram confeccionadas segundo técnicas usuais em anatomia da madeira. O material lenhoso foi dissociado e foram preparadas lâminas semipermanentes. Foram analisadas as características anatômicas qualitativas e quantitativas do lenho. Para análise dos anéis de crescimento, os doze discos de madeira tiveram suas secções transversais polidas manualmente em uma série de lixas e os anéis de crescimento foram demarcados com o auxílio de um estereomicroscópio. A medição da largura dos anéis de crescimento foi feita com auxílio do software de análises de imagem Image-Pro-Plus. Para verificação da qualidade e correção dos dados realizou-se a datação cruzada das mensurações com o auxílio do software livre COFECHA; a largura dos anéis foi transformada em séries permitindo a sincronização e melhor interpretação dos dados. Após a... Wood characteristics are directly influenced by environmental and genetic factors. However, some genetic features have high heritability, low phenotypic plasticity and are independent of the environmental conditions in which they operate. This study aimed to compare the wood anatomy of Cordia trichotoma that were planted in the same place, but with seeds of two provenances (Bauru e Piracicaba), and to correlate growth rings width with precipitation and temperature. Twelve discs were collected of this species in the Experimental Station of Luiz Antônio, SP, and six from each provenance (Bauru and Piracicaba). For microscopic analysis of the stem histological sections were made in the conventional three planes (cross, tangential longitudinal and radial longitudinal) were obtained and permanent histological slides were made according to standard techniques in wood anatomy. Woody fragments were dissociated and with it slides were made. We analyzed the qualitative and quantitative anatomical wood features. For analysis of growth rings, the twelve disks had their cross sections polished manually on a series of sandpaper and the growth rings were marked with the stereomicroscope. The measurement of the growth rings width was achieved using the image analysis software Image-Pro Plus. To check the quality and accuracy of the data held on the cross-dating measurements with the help of free software COFECHA and, the rings width was transformed into series allowing synchronization and better interpretation of the data. After synchronization, the data were analyzed with the use of free software ARSTAN for disposal of the growing trends and getting the residual chronology. Precipitation and temperature analyses were performed using Pearson's correlation in Microsoft Office Excel. Qualitatively, the wood... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
- Published
- 2013
50. Anatomia da madeira de espécies de Cerrado sensu lato do Estado de São Paulo
- Author
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Sonsin-Oliveira, Julia [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Marcati, Carmen Regina [UNESP], and Barros, Claudia Franca [UNESP]
- Subjects
Bark ,Cerrado sensu lato ,Madeira - Anatomia ,Ecological anatomy ,Efficiency versus safety ,Wood - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:02:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sonsinoliveira_j_dr_botfca.pdf: 3063371 bytes, checksum: 437298f5fa9c3a7b35ffe6d09d04b92a (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O cerrado é o considerado a savana mais rica em biodiversidade do mundo, possui uma flora estimada em 7000 espécies, sendo 44% endêmicas, além de ser um dos 25 “hotspots” globais. Devido a grande importância desse bioma, esse trabalho apresenta as características anatômicas macro e microscópicas de 97 espécies arbóreas e arbustivas que ocorrem no cerrado sensu lato (s.l.), procurando identificar padrões estruturais comuns na madeira, e peculiares às espécies que ocorrem nas diferentes fitofisionomias, cerrado sensu stricto (s.s.), cerradão e zona ripária. Adicionalmente, foi caracterizada a morfologia externa da casca dessas espécies. As características anatômicas macroscópicas da madeira aliadas as da morfologia externa da casca que facilitaram a separação das espécies em uma mesma família, principalmente espécies que pertencem ao mesmo gênero foram: arranjo de vasos, padrão de parênquima axial, largura de raios (TR), estratificação de raios, presença de exsudatos e a cor interna da casca. Para as espécies de cerrado s.l. foram observadas características que podem contribuir tanto para segurança quanto para eficiência na condução hídrica, como: alta ocorrência de vasos múltiplos e frequência de vasos por mm², pontoações intervasculares alternas pequenas, pontoações guarnecidas; placas de perfuração simples. O índice de vulnerabilidade foi de 1,6 e de mesomorfia 600. Apesar da maioria das características anatômicas das espécies do cerrado s.l. se enquadram nas tendências ecológicas para espécies que ocorrem em terras baixas dos trópicos, as espécies que ocorrem nas diferentes fitofisionomias possuem características anatômicas que mostram estratégias particulares para sobrevivência das mesmas. Quando comparando as fitofisionomias, de uma maneira geral, os espécimes da zona ripária apresentaram vasos de maior diâmetro... The cerrado is considered the richest savanna in biodiversity in the world, its flora has about 7000 species, being 44% endemic, besides being one of the 25 global hotspots. Due to the great importance of this biome, this paper shows macro and microscopic wood anatomical features of 97 arboreal and shrubby species which occur in cerrado sensu lato, aiming to verify the common structural patterns in the wood, and peculiars to the species that occur in three different physiognomies, cerrado sensu stricto (s.s.), cerradão and riparian zone. Additionally, the external bark morphology of these species was characterized. Macroscopic wood features allied to bark surface features which facilitate separation of species within a family and, mostly species from the same genus were: vessel arrangement, axial parenchyma pattern, ray width (TR), storied rays, presence of exudates and bark internal colour. For cerrado s.l. species we observed anatomic features that may contribute to both safety in water flow and efficiency, such as: high incidence of multiple vessels and high vessel frequency per mm², small intervessel pits alternate, vestured pits, simple perforation plates. The vulnerability and mesomorphy index were 1.6 and 600, respectively. Despite of the majority of cerrado s.l. species anatomical features were framed in the ecological trends for species which occur in tropical lowlands, the specimens which occur in the different physiognomies have anatomical features that show particular strategies for survival in each physiognomy. When comparing the physiognomies, in a general way, riparian zone specimens have larger vessels, low frequency per mm² and larger intervessel pits diameter, what indicates better efficiency in conduction, while cerrado s.s. specimens were the opposite and showed low vulnerability and mesomorphy index, demonstrating greater safety under conditions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
- Published
- 2010
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