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1. Acoustic metamaterials-driven transdermal drug delivery for rapid and on-demand management of acute disease

Author

Junhua Xu, Hongwei Cai, Zhuhao Wu, Xiang Li, Chunhui Tian, Zheng Ao, Vivian C. Niu, Xiao Xiao, Lei Jiang, Marat Khodoun, Marc Rothenberg, Ken Mackie, Jun Chen, Luke P. Lee, and Feng Guo

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Treating acute disease like anaphylaxis is challenging due to the inability to administer therapeutics in a timely manner and regulate pharmacokinetics precisely within a short time window. Here the authors develop active acoustic metamaterials-driven transdermal drug delivery for rapid and on-demand acute disease management.

Published
2023
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2. Direct-to-Consumer Recruitment Methods via Traditional and Social Media to Aid in Research Accrual for Clinical Trials for Rare Diseases: Comparative Analysis Study

Author

Janelle Applequist, Cristina Burroughs, Peter A Merkel, Marc Rothenberg, Bruce Trapnell, Robert Desnick, Mustafa Sahin, and Jeffrey Krischer

Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundRecruitment into clinical trials is a challenging process, with as many as 40% of studies failing to meet their target sample sizes. The principles of direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising rely upon novel marketing strategies. The ability to reach expansive audiences in the web-based realm presents a unique opportunity for researchers to overcome various barriers to enrollment in clinical trials. Research has investigated the use of individual web-based platforms to aid in recruitment and accrual into trials; however, a gap in the literature exists, whereby multiple mass communication platforms have yet to be investigated across a range of clinical trials. ObjectiveThere is a need to better understand how individual factors combine to collectively influence trial recruitment. We aimed to test whether DTC recruitment of potentially eligible study participants via social media platforms (eg, Facebook [Meta Platforms Inc] and Twitter [Twitter Inc]) was an effective strategy or whether this acted as an enhancement to traditional (eg, email via contact registries) recruitment strategies through established clinical research sites. MethodsThis study tested multiple DTC web-based recruitment efforts (Facebook, Twitter, email, and patient advocacy group [PAG] involvement) across 6 national and international research studies from 5 rare disease consortia. Targeted social media messaging, social media management software, and individual study websites with prescreening questions were used in the Protocol for Increasing Accrual Using Social Media (PRISM). ResultsIn total, 1465 PRISM website referrals occurred across all 6 studies. Organic (unpaid) Facebook posts (676/1465, 46.14%) and Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network patient contact registry emails (461/1465, 31.47%) represented the most successful forms of engagement. PRISM was successful in accumulating a 40.1% (136/339) lead generation (those who screened positive and consented to share their contact information to be contacted by a clinical site coordinator). Despite the large number of leads generated from PRISM recruitment efforts, the number of patients who were subsequently enrolled in studies was low. Across 6 studies, 3 participants were ultimately enrolled, meaning that 97.8% (133/136) of leads dropped off. ConclusionsThe results indicate that although accrual results were low, this is consistent with previously documented challenges of studying populations with rare diseases. Targeted messaging integrated throughout the recruitment process (eg, referral, lead, and accrual) remains an area for further research. Key elements to consider include structuring the communicative workflow in such a way that PAG involvement is central to the process, with clinical site coordinators actively involved after an individual consents to share their contact information. Customized approaches are needed for each population and research study, with observational studies best suited for social media recruitment. As evidenced by lead generation, results suggest that web-based recruitment efforts, coupled with targeted messaging and PAG partnerships, have the potential to supplement clinical trial accrual.

Published
2023
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3. Machine Learning Approach for Biopsy-Based Identification of Eosinophilic Esophagitis Reveals Importance of Global features

Author

Tomer Czyzewski, Nati Daniel, Mark Rochman, Julie Caldwell, Garrett Osswald, Margaret Collins, Marc Rothenberg, and Yonatan Savir

Subjects
Decision support system, deep convolutional network, digital pathology, eosinophilic esophagitis, small features detection, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Medical technology, R855-855.5
Abstract

Goal: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergic inflammatory condition characterized by eosinophil accumulation in the esophageal mucosa. EoE diagnosis includes a manual assessment of eosinophil levels in mucosal biopsies–a time-consuming, laborious task that is difficult to standardize. One of the main challenges in automating this process, like many other biopsy-based diagnostics, is detecting features that are small relative to the size of the biopsy. Results: In this work, we utilized hematoxylin- and eosin-stained slides from esophageal biopsies from patients with active EoE and control subjects to develop a platform based on a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) that can classify esophageal biopsies with an accuracy of 85%, sensitivity of 82.5%, and specificity of 87%. Moreover, by combining several downscaling and cropping strategies, we show that some of the features contributing to the correct classification are global rather than specific, local features. Conclusions: We report the ability of artificial intelligence to identify EoE using computer vision analysis of esophageal biopsy slides. Further, the DCNN features associated with EoE are based on not only local eosinophils but also global histologic changes. Our approach can be used for other conditions that rely on biopsy-based histologic diagnostics.

Published
2021
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4. Alpha 1 Antitrypsin is an Inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2–Priming Protease TMPRSS2

Author

Nurit P Azouz, Andrea Klingler, Victoria Callahan, Ivan Akhrymuk, Katarina Elez, Lluís Raich, Brandon Henry, Justin Benoit, Stefanie Benoit, Frank Noé, Kylene Kehn-Hall, and Marc Rothenberg

Subjects
COVID, coronavirus, TMPRSS2, protease, alpha 1 antitrypsin, camostat mesylate, Pathology, RB1-214, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Background: Host proteases have been suggested to be crucial for dissemination of MERS, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses, but the relative contribution of membrane versus intracellular proteases remains controversial. Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) is regarded as one of the main proteases implicated in the coronavirus S protein priming, an important step for binding of the S protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor before cell entry. Methods: We developed a cell-based assay to identify TMPRSS2 inhibitors. Inhibitory activity was established in SARS-CoV-2 viral load systems. Results: We identified the human extracellular serine protease inhibitor (serpin) alpha 1 antitrypsin (A1AT) as a novel TMPRSS2 inhibitor. Structural modeling revealed that A1AT docked to an extracellular domain of TMPRSS2 in a conformation that is suitable for catalysis, resembling similar serine protease inhibitor complexes. Inhibitory activity of A1AT was established in a SARS-CoV-2 viral load system. Notably, plasma A1AT levels were associated with COVID-19 disease severity. Conclusions: Our data support the key role of extracellular serine proteases in SARS CoV-2 infections and indicate that treatment with serpins, particularly the FDA-approved drug A1AT, may be effective in limiting SARS-CoV-2 dissemination by affecting the surface of the host cells.

Published
2021
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5. Recent advances in eosinophilic esophagitis [version 1; referees: 3 approved]

Author

Sandy Durrani and Marc Rothenberg

Subjects
Allergy & Hypersensitivity, Endoscopy, Epidemiology, Esophagus, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic, antigen-driven, eosinophil-predominant inflammatory disease of the esophagus and affects both children and adults. Cutting-edge technologies, such as genome-wide association studies, have advanced our understanding of the disease pathogenesis at a remarkable rate. Recent insights from genetic and mechanistic studies have concluded that a complex interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors, allergic sensitization, and esophageal-specific pathways leads to disease pathogenesis. Importantly, recent epidemiologic studies have found that the incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis continue to rise. New guidelines have advocated the elimination of the term proton pump inhibitor (PPI)–responsive esophageal eosinophilia and have recommended using PPIs as a first-line treatment modality. Systemic reviews and meta-analyses confirm the efficacy of PPIs, topical corticosteroids, and empiric food elimination diets. Unmet needs include the development of birth cohort studies, validated diagnostic scoring systems, minimally invasive disease-monitoring methods, and the development of new therapies.

Published
2017
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6. Bone Marrow Derived Eosinophil Cultures

Author

Thomas Lu and Marc Rothenberg

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Eosinophils are multifunctional effector cells implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including asthma, eosinophil gastrointestinal disorders and helminth infection. Mouse bone marrow derived progenitor cells can be differentiated into eosinophils following IL-5 exposure. These bone marrow derived eosinophils are fully differentiated at the end of a 14 day culture based on morphology and expression of molecular markers.

Published
2014
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7. Evaluating Eosinophilic Colitis as a Unique Disease Using Colonic Molecular Profiles: A Multi-Site Study

Author

Tetsuo Shoda, Margaret H. Collins, Mark Rochman, Ting Wen, Julie M. Caldwell, Lydia E. Mack, Garrett A. Osswald, John A. Besse, Yael Haberman, Seema S. Aceves, Nicoleta C. Arva, Kelley E. Capocelli, Mirna Chehade, Carla M. Davis, Evan S. Dellon, Gary W. Falk, Nirmala Gonsalves, Sandeep K. Gupta, Ikuo Hirano, Paneez Khoury, Amy Klion, Calies Menard-Katcher, John Leung, Vincent A. Mukkada, Philip E. Putnam, Jonathan M. Spergel, Joshua B. Wechsler, Guang-Yu Yang, Glenn T. Furuta, Lee A. Denson, Marc E. Rothenberg, J. Pablo Abonia, Seema Aceves, Samuel Almonte, Rachel Andrews, Sara Anvari, Ashley Arrington, Nicoleta Arva, Fred Atkins, Dominique Bailey, Alexis Berry, Bridget Besl, Scott Bolton, Peter Bonis, Wendy Book, Kimberly Bray, Teresa Brown, Cassandra Burger, Deirdre Burke, Jonathon Cahoon, Kelley Capocelli, Eric Chiou, Margaret Collins, Carla Davis, Evan Dellon, Maureen DeMarshall, Lauren DiTommaso, Ranjan Dohil, Michael Eby, Gary Falk, David Fleischer, Heather Foote, Kelci Foss, Joel Friedlander, Patricia Fulkerson, Glenn Furuta, Debra Geno, Thomas Greuter, Sandeep Gupta, Frank Hamilton, Kirk Harris, Jennifer Harris, Girish Hiremath, Nicole Holland-Thomas, Lea Jacinto, Amir Kagalwalla, Timothy Kaseta, David Katzka, Kaitlin Keeley, Emad Khosh-Hemmat, Eileen King, Kara Kliewer, Jennifer Knowles, Kendra Kocher, Ellyn Kodroff, Jeffrey Krischer, Shay Kyle, Meredith Levy, Chris Liacouras, Denise Mack, Lisa Martin, Ellen Martin, Talaya McCright-Gill, Paul Menard-Katcher, Gabriela Mendoza, Melissa Mingler, Mike Minnicozzi, Amanda Muir, Vincent Mukkada, Cristin Murray-Petzold, Robert Newbury, Quan Nhu, Anthony Olive, Oghenekpaobor (Joel) Oyibo, Allisa Paliana, Zhaoxing Pan, Robbie Pesek, Kathryn Peterson, Heidi Poppendeck, Philip Putnam, Fabian Rivera, Marc Rothenberg, Amanda Rudman Spergel, Kathleen Sable, Alain Schoepfer, Melissa Scott, Rachel Sheridan, Selma Sinanovic, Jonathan Spergel, Mary Jo Strobel, Kiki Sun, Amy Tasco, Crystal Tholen, Katherine Thompson, Tiffany Tomkinson, Daisy Tran, Alexandra Tylicki, Tiina Urv, Mei-Lun Wang, Joshua Wechsler, Barry Wershil, Lisa Wheatley, Leah Wilkey, Angelika Zalewski, and Amy Zicarelli

Subjects
Colitis, Microscopic, Hepatology, Gastritis, Eosinophilia, Gastroenterology, Humans, Colitis, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Article, Enteritis
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Colonic eosinophilia, an enigmatic finding often referred to as eosinophilic colitis (EoC), is a poorly understood condition. Whether EoC is a distinct disease or a colonic manifestation of eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is undetermined. METHODS: Subjects with EoC (n=27) and controls (normal [NL, n=20], Crohn disease [CD, n=14]) were enrolled across sites associated with the Consortium of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disease Researchers (CEGIR). EoC was diagnosed as colonic eosinophilia (ascending ≥100, descending ≥85, sigmoid ≥65 eosinophils/high-power field) with related symptoms. Colon biopsies were subjected to RNA sequencing. Associations between gene expression and histologic features were analyzed with Spearman correlation; operational pathways and cellular constituents were computationally derived. RESULTS: We identified 987 differentially expressed genes (EoC transcriptome) between EoC and NL (>1.5-fold change, P < .05). Colonic eosinophil count correlated with 31% of EoC transcriptome, most notably with CCL11 and CLC (r=0.78 and 0.77, P < .001). Among EoC and other EGIDs, there was minimal transcriptomic overlap; and minimal evidence of a strong allergic type 2 immune response compared with other EGIDs. Decreased cell-cycle and increased apoptosis in EoC compared with NL were identified by functional enrichment analysis and immunostaining using Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3. Pericryptal circumferential eosinophil collars were associated with the EoC transcriptome (P < .001). EoC transcriptome-based scores were reversible with disease remission and differentiated EoC from IBD, even after controlling for colonic eosinophil levels (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: We established EoC transcriptomic profiles, identified mechanistic pathways, and integrated findings with parallel IBD and EGID data. These findings establish EoC as a distinct disease compared with other EGIDs and IBD, thereby providing a basis for improving diagnosis and treatment.

Published
2022

8. Loss of Endothelial TSPAN12 Promotes Fibrostenotic Eosinophilic Esophagitis via Endothelial Cell–Fibroblast Crosstalk

Author

Tetsuo Shoda, Ting Wen, Julie M. Caldwell, Netali Ben-Baruch Morgenstern, Garrett A. Osswald, Mark Rochman, Lydia E. Mack, Jennifer M. Felton, J. Pablo Abonia, Nicoleta C. Arva, Dan Atkins, Peter A. Bonis, Kelley E. Capocelli, Margaret H. Collins, Evan S. Dellon, Gary W. Falk, Nirmala Gonsalves, Sandeep K. Gupta, Ikuo Hirano, John Leung, Paul A. Menard-Katcher, Vincent A. Mukkada, Philip E. Putnam, Amanda K. Rudman Spergel, Jonathan M. Spergel, Joshua B. Wechsler, Guang-Yu Yang, Seema S. Aceves, Glenn T. Furuta, Marc E. Rothenberg, Seema Aceves, Samuel Almonte, Rachel Andrews, Ashley Arrington, Nicoleta Arva, Fred Atkins, Dominique Bailey, Alexis Berry, Bridget Besl, Scott Bolton, Peter Bonis, Wendy Book, Kimberly Bray, Teresa Brown, Cassandra Burger, Deirdre Burke, Jonathon Cahoon, Kelley Capocelli, Mirna Chehade, Margaret Collins, Carla Davis, Evan Dellon, Maureen DeMarshall, Lauren DiTommaso, Ranjan Dohil, Michael Eby, Gary Falk, David Fleischer, Heather Foote, Kelci Foss, Joel Friedlander, Patricia Fulkerson, Glenn Furuta, Debra Geno, Thomas Greuter, Sandeep Gupta, Frank Hamilton, Kirk Harris, Jennifer Harris, Girish Hiremath, Nicole Holland-Thomas, Lea Jacinto, Amir Kagalwalla, Timothy Kaseta, David Katzka, Kaitlin Keeley, Emad Khosh-Hemmat, Paneez Khoury, Eileen King, Kara Kliewer, Amy Klion, Jennifer Knowles, Kendra Kocher, Ellyn Kodroff, Jeffrey Krischer, Shay Kyle, Meredith Levy, Chris Liacouras, Denise Mack, Lisa Martin, Ellen Martin, Talaya McCright-Gill, Paul Menard-Katcher, Calies Menard-Katcher, Gabriela Mendoza, Melissa Mingler, Mike Minnicozzi, Amanda Muir, Vincent Mukkada, Cristin MurrayPetzold, Robert Newbury, Quan Nhu, Oghenekpaobor (Joel) Oyibo, Allisa Paliana, Zhaoxing Pan, Robbie Pesek, Kathryn Peterson, Heidi Poppendeck, Philip Putnam, Fabian Rivera, Marc Rothenberg, Amanda Rudman Spergel, Kathleen Sable, Alain Schoepfer, Melissa Scott, Rachel Sheridan, Selma Sinanovic, Jonathan Spergel, MaryJo Strobel, Kiki Sun, Amy Tasco, Crystal Tholen, Katherine Thompson, Tiffany Tomkinson, Daisy Tran, Alexandra Tylicki, Tiina Urv, Mei-Lun Wang, Joshua Wechsler, Barry Wershil, Lisa Wheatley, Leah Wilkey, Angelika Zalewski, and Amy Zicarelli

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Thymic stromal lymphopoietin, Adolescent, Endothelium, Tetraspanins, medicine.drug_class, Proton-pump inhibitor, Young Adult, Esophagus, Fibrosis, Eosinophilic, medicine, Humans, Gene Silencing, RNA, Small Interfering, Child, Eosinophilic esophagitis, Interleukin-13, Hepatology, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Endothelial Cells, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Fibroblasts, Middle Aged, Eosinophil, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Gene Expression Regulation, Gastrointestinal disease, Child, Preschool, Esophageal Stenosis, Female, business
Abstract

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) can progress to fibrostenosis by unclear mechanisms. Herein, we investigated gene dysregulation in fibrostenotic EoE, its association with clinical parameters and specific pathways, and the functional consequences.Esophageal biopsies from subjects with EoE were collected across 11 Consortium of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disease Researchers sites (n = 311) and 2 independent replication cohorts (n = 83). Inclusion criteria for fibrostenotic EoE were endoscopic rings, stricture, and/or a history of dilation. Endoscopic, histologic, and molecular features were assessed by the EoE Endoscopic Reference Score, EoE Histology Scoring System, EoE Diagnostic Panel, and RNA sequencing. Esophageal endothelial TSPAN12 expression and functional effects on barrier integrity and gene expression were analyzed in vitro.TSPAN12 was the gene most correlated with fibrostenosis (r = -0.40, P.001). TSPAN12 was lower in fibrostenotic EoE and correlated with EoE Endoscopic Reference Score, EoE Diagnostic Panel, and EoE Histology Scoring System (r = 0.34-0.47, P.001). Lower TSPAN12 associated with smaller esophageal diameter (r = 0.44, P = .03), increased lamina propria fibrosis (r = -0.41, P.001), and genes enriched in cell cycle-related pathways. Interleukin (IL)-13 reduced TSPAN12 expression in endothelial cells. Conversely, anti-IL-13 therapy increased TSPAN12 expression. TSPAN12 gene silencing increased endothelial cell permeability and dysregulated genes associated with extracellular matrix pathways. Endothelial cell-fibroblast crosstalk induced extracellular matrix changes relevant to esophageal remodeling.Patients with fibrostenotic EoE express decreased levels of endothelial TSPAN12. We propose that IL-13 decreases TSPAN12, likely contributing to the chronicity of EoE by promoting tissue remodeling through fibroblast-endothelial cell crosstalk.

Published
2022

9. Acoustic metamaterials driven transdermal drug delivery for rapid and on-demand management of acute disease

Author

Junhua Xu, Hongwei Cai, Zhuhao Wu, Chunhui Tian, Xiang Li, Zheng Ao, Vivian Niu, Xiao Xiao, Lei Jiang, Marat Khodoun, Marc Rothenberg, Ken Mackie, Jun Chen, Luke Lee, and Feng Guo

Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery provides convenient and pain-free self-administration for personalized therapy. However, challenges remain in treating acute disease largely due to their inability to timely administrate therapeutics and precisely regulate pharmacokinetics within a short time window. Here we report the development of active acoustic metamaterials driven transdermal drug delivery for rapid and on-demand management of the acute disease. Through the integration of active acoustic metamaterials, a compact therapeutic patch is integrated for penetration of skin stratum corneum and active percutaneous transport of therapeutics with precise control of dose and rate over time. Moreover, the patch device quantitatively regulates the dosage and release kinetics of therapeutics and achieves better delivery performance in vivo than through subcutaneous injection. As a proof-of-concept application, our method can reverse life-threatening acute allergic reactions in a mouse model of anaphylaxis via a multi-burst delivery of epinephrine, showing better efficacy than a fixed dosage injection of epinephrine as the current gold standard Epi-pen strategy. This innovative method may provide a promising means to manage the acute disease for personalized medicine.

Published
2022

10. Laplace in America

Author

Marc Rothenberg

Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published
2023

11. Scientific journey to the first FDA-approved drug for eosinophilic esophagitis

Author

Marc Rothenberg

Subjects
Mice, Pharmaceutical Preparations, United States Food and Drug Administration, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Animals, Cytokines, United States
Abstract

When eosinophilia was first associated with esophagitis, it was thought to reflect gastroesophageal reflux disease, especially given the efficacy of reflux medications to abate esophageal eosinophilia in many individuals. Subsequent studies demonstrated disease remittance with amino acid-based formulas and conversely induction of esophageal eosinophilia in mice following allergen challenge. These results, along with the finding that proton pump inhibitors alleviated esophageal eosinophilia by an anti-inflammatory mechanism, turned attention away from an acid-induced pathogenesis and established eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) as a separate disease entity driven by allergic inflammation. The disease underpinnings were elucidated by analysis of esophageal transcriptomic profiling, revealing gene signatures orchestrated by type 2 cytokine signaling, mainly IL-13. Preclinical studies showed that IL-13 overproduction was sufficient to induce EoE-like changes in mice and human ex vivo systems and conversely that inhibiting IL-13 signaling attenuated these processes. An early proof-of-principle study with a humanized anti-IL-13 mAb in patients with EoE revealed correction of the EoE transcriptome and attenuation of esophageal eosinophilia, providing a rationale for advancing anti-type 2 cytokine therapy for EoE. Dupilumab, a precision therapeutic mAb that blocks the shared IL-13 and IL-4 receptor, is the first drug to advance through clinical trials and receive US Food and Drug Administration approval for EoE. The ability of dupilumab to improve clinical, histologic, endoscopic, and molecular features of EoE and garner US Food and Drug Administration approval is a victory for science, rare diseases, patients, and advocacy and provides a framework for developing additional EoE treatments and approved treatments for eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease beyond the esophagus.

Published
2022

13. Direct-to-Consumer Recruitment Methods via Traditional and Social Media to Aid in Research Accrual for Clinical Trials for Rare Diseases: Comparative Analysis Study (Preprint)

Author

Janelle Applequist, Cristina Burroughs, Peter A Merkel, Marc Rothenberg, Bruce Trapnell, Robert Desnick, Mustafa Sahin, and Jeffrey Krischer

Abstract

BACKGROUND Recruitment into clinical trials is a challenging process, with as many as 40% of studies failing to meet their target sample sizes. The principles of direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising rely upon novel marketing strategies. The ability to reach expansive audiences in the web-based realm presents a unique opportunity for researchers to overcome various barriers to enrollment in clinical trials. Research has investigated the use of individual web-based platforms to aid in recruitment and accrual into trials; however, a gap in the literature exists, whereby multiple mass communication platforms have yet to be investigated across a range of clinical trials. OBJECTIVE There is a need to better understand how individual factors combine to collectively influence trial recruitment. We aimed to test whether DTC recruitment of potentially eligible study participants via social media platforms (eg, Facebook [Meta Platforms Inc] and Twitter [Twitter Inc]) was an effective strategy or whether this acted as an enhancement to traditional (eg, email via contact registries) recruitment strategies through established clinical research sites. METHODS This study tested multiple DTC web-based recruitment efforts (Facebook, Twitter, email, and patient advocacy group [PAG] involvement) across 6 national and international research studies from 5 rare disease consortia. Targeted social media messaging, social media management software, and individual study websites with prescreening questions were used in the Protocol for Increasing Accrual Using Social Media (PRISM). RESULTS In total, 1465 PRISM website referrals occurred across all 6 studies. Organic (unpaid) Facebook posts (676/1465, 46.14%) and Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network patient contact registry emails (461/1465, 31.47%) represented the most successful forms of engagement. PRISM was successful in accumulating a 40.1% (136/339) lead generation (those who screened positive and consented to share their contact information to be contacted by a clinical site coordinator). Despite the large number of leads generated from PRISM recruitment efforts, the number of patients who were subsequently enrolled in studies was low. Across 6 studies, 3 participants were ultimately enrolled, meaning that 97.8% (133/136) of leads dropped off. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that although accrual results were low, this is consistent with previously documented challenges of studying populations with rare diseases. Targeted messaging integrated throughout the recruitment process (eg, referral, lead, and accrual) remains an area for further research. Key elements to consider include structuring the communicative workflow in such a way that PAG involvement is central to the process, with clinical site coordinators actively involved after an individual consents to share their contact information. Customized approaches are needed for each population and research study, with observational studies best suited for social media recruitment. As evidenced by lead generation, results suggest that web-based recruitment efforts, coupled with targeted messaging and PAG partnerships, have the potential to supplement clinical trial accrual. CLINICALTRIAL

Published
2022

14. Advancing patient care through the Consortium of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disease Researchers (CEGIR)

Author

Seema Aceves, Margaret H. Collins, Marc E. Rothenberg, Glenn T. Furuta, Nirmala Gonsalves, J. Pablo Abonia, Samuel Almonte, Rachel Andrews, Ashley Arrington, Nicoleta Arva, Fred Atkins, Dominique Bailey, Alexis Berry, Bridget Besl, Scott Bolton, Peter Bonis, Wendy Book, Kimberly Bray, Teresa Brown, Cassandra Burger, Deirdre Burke, Jonathon Cahoon, Kelley Capocelli, Mirna Chehade, Margaret Collins, Carla Davis, Evan Dellon, Maureen DeMarshall, Lauren DiTommaso, Ranjan Dohil, Michael Eby, Gary Falk, David Fleischer, Heather Foote, Kelci Foss, Joel Friedlander, Patricia Fulkerson, Glenn Furuta, Debra Geno, Thomas Greuter, Sandeep Gupta, Frank Hamilton, Kirk Harris, Jennifer Harris, Ikuo Hirano, Girish Hiremath, Nicole Holland-Thomas, Lea Jacinto, Amir Kagalwalla, Timothy Kaseta, David Katzka, Kaitlin Keeley, Emad Khosh-Hemmat, Paneez Khoury, Eileen King, Kara Kliewer, Amy Klion, Jennifer Knowles, Kendra Kocher, Ellyn Kodroff, Jeffrey Krischer, Shay Kyle, John Leung, Meredith Levy, Chris Liacouras, Denise Mack, Lisa Martin, Ellen Martin, Talaya McCright-Gill, Paul Menard-Katcher, Calies Menard-Katcher, Gabriela Mendoza, Melissa Mingler, Mike Minnicozzi, Amanda Muir, Vincent Mukkada, Cristin MurrayPetzold, Robert Newbury, Quan Nhu, Oghenekpaobor (Joel) Oyibo, Allisa Paliana, Zhaoxing Pan, Robbie Pesek, Kathryn Peterson, Heidi Poppendeck, Philip Putnam, Fabian Rivera, Marc Rothenberg, Amanda Rudman-Spergel, Kathleen Sable, Alain Schoepfer, Melissa Scott, Rachel Sheridan, Selma Sinanovic, Jonathan Spergel, MaryJo Strobel, Kiki Sun, Amy Tasco, Crystal Tholen, Katherine Thompson, Tiffany Tomkinson, Daisy Tran, Alexandra Tylicki, Tiina Urv, Mei-Lun Wang, Joshua Wechsler, Barry Wershil, Lisa Wheatley, Leah Wilkey, Guang-Yu Yang, Angelika Zalewski, and Amy Zicarelli

Subjects
Clinical Trials as Topic, Medical education, Biomedical Research, Eosinophilic gastritis, business.industry, Immunology, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Patient advocacy, Enteritis, United States, Article, Patient care, Clinical trial, Natural history, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), Multidisciplinary approach, Gastritis, Eosinophilia, Eosinophilic, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Patient-reported outcome, business
Abstract

Recent advances in rare disease research are accelerated by the work of consortia that have been supported by the National Institutes of Health. Development of such consortia rely on multidisciplinary relationships and engagement with patient advocacy groups, as well as the National Institutes of Health and industry and academic partners. In this rostrum we present the development of such a process that focuses on eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases. Principal investigators, patient advocacy groups, research assistants, and trainees work together to perform natural history studies that promote clinical trial readiness tools, conduct clinical trials, train a new generation of investigators, and perform innovative pilot studies.

Published
2020

15. The climate change hypothesis for the allergy epidemic

Author

Marc Rothenberg

Subjects
Climate Change, Immunology, Hypersensitivity, Immunology and Allergy, Humans
Abstract

The health consequences of climate change are being increasingly recognized. Herein, the climate change hypothesis is put forth as a substantial contributor to the growing global allergy epidemic. A call for deeper research and action on the impact of climate change on various aspects of allergic disease mechanisms, exacerbation, and prevalence is imperative.

Published
2022

23. Dupilumab Reduces Biomarkers of Type 2 Inflammation in Adult and Adolescent Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Results From Parts A and C of a Three-Part, Phase 3 LIBERTY EoE TREET Study

Author

Marc Rothenberg, Ikuo Hirano, Evan Dellon, Margaret Collins, John Leung, Christoph Schlag, Alain Schoepfer, Qiong Zhao, Jennifer Maloney, Sivan Harel, Kiran Patel, Brad Shumel, Angela Khodzhayev, Ledia Goga, Juby Jacob-Nara, Yamo Deniz, Paul Rowe, Elizabeth Laws, Bola Akinlade, Leda Mannent, Nikhil Amin, Danen Cunoosamy, and Jennifer Hamilton

Subjects
Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Published
2022

26. SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in households with and without asthmatic/allergic children: The Human Epidemiology and Response to SARS-CoV-2 study (HEROS)

Author

Max Seibold, Camille Moore, Jamie Everman, Blake Williams, James Nolin, Ana Fairbanks-Mahnke, Elizabeth Plender, Bhavika Patel, Samuel Arbes, Leonard Bacharier, Casper Bendixsen, Agustin Calatroni, Carlos Camargo, William Dupont, Glenn Furuta, Tebeb Gebretsadik, Rebecca Gruchalla, Ruchi Gupta, Gurjit Khurana Hershey, Liza Murrison, Daniel Jackson, Christine Johnson, Meyer Kattan, Andrew Liu, Stephanie Lussier, George O’Connor, Katherine River-Spoljaric, Wanda Phipatanakul, Marc Rothenberg, Christine Seroogy, Stephen Teach, Edward Zoratti, Alkis Togias, Patricia Fulkerson, and Tina Hartert

Subjects
Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, Article
Published
2022

30. Longitudinal Association of Parent and Child Patient Reported Outcomes in Eosinophilic Esophagitis in a Multicenter Cohort

Author

Seema Aceves, Lisa Martin, Xue Znang, Mirna Chehade, Margaret Collins, Evan Dellon, Nirmala Gonsalves, Sandeep Gupta, Ikuo Hirano, Girish Hiremath, David Katzka, Paneez Khoury, John Leung, Robbie Pesek, Kathryn Peterson, Jonathan Spergel, Joshua Wechsler, Nicole Arva, Guang-Yu Yang, Glenn Furuta, and Marc Rothenberg

Subjects
Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Published
2022

31. A connection found between mast cells and pain in eosinophilic esophagitis

Author

Simin Zhang, Tetsuo Shoda, Seema Aceves, Mirna Chehade, Margaret Collins, Carla Davis, Evan Dellon, Gary Falk, Glenn Furuta, Nirmala Gonsalves, Sandeep Gupta, Ikuo Hirano, Paneez Khoury, John Leung, Kathryn Peterson, Jonathan Spergel, Joshua Wechsler, Guang-Yu Yang, and Marc Rothenberg

Subjects
Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Published
2022

32. Dupilumab Improves Clinical and Histologic Aspects of Disease in Adult and Adolescent Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis at Week 24: Results from Part B of the 3-Part LIBERTY EoE TREET Study

Author

Marc Rothenberg, Evan Dellon, Albert Bredenoord, Margaret Collins, Ikuo Hirano, Mirna Chehade, Alfredo Lucendo, Jonathan Spergel, Xian Sun, Jennifer Hamilton, Urvi Mujumdar, Eilish McCann, Leda Mannent, Bolanle Akinlade, Elizabeth Laws, Nikhil Amin, Angeliki Giannelou, Kiran Patel, Bethany Beazley, and Arsalan Shabbir

Subjects
Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Published
2022

34. S1405 Endoscopy and Systematic Biopsy of Patients With Moderate-Severe Unexplained Gastrointestinal Symptoms Compared With Healthy Controls: High Discovery Rate of Eosinophilic Gastritis and/or Eosinophilic Duodenitis

Author

Nicholas J. Talley, Amol P. Kamboj, William D. Chey, Henrik Rasmussen, Brian E. Lacy, null FACG, Ikuo Hirano, Mirna Chehade, NIrmala Gonsalves, Kathryn Peterson, Anthony Lembo, Colleen Schmitt, Marc Rothenberg, Robert M. Genta, Maria Pletneva, Kevin Turner, Malika Pasha, Evan S. Dellon, and William J. Sandborn

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Eosinophilic gastritis, Hepatology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Internal medicine, Gastroenterology, Medicine, business, Systematic biopsy, Endoscopy, Eosinophilic duodenitis
Published
2021

35. Amateurs in American Astronomy

Author

Marc Rothenberg

Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), media_common.quotation_subject, Art history, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Art, media_common
Published
2018

36. Paying for Astrophysics in the United States

Author

Marc Rothenberg

Subjects
Engineering, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), business.industry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Engineering ethics, business, Engineering physics
Published
2017

39. Nathan Reingold, 1927-2004

Author

Marc Rothenberg

Subjects
History, Smithsonian institution, American history, National museum, media_common.quotation_subject, Bachelor, Library of congress, National archives, American studies, Engineering (miscellaneous), History of science, Classics, media_common
Abstract

Nathan Reingold, senior historian emeritus, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, and former editor of the Joseph Henry Papers, died of a stroke and aspiration pneumonia on 30 October 2004 at his home in Bethesda, Maryland. Nate, as he was universally known, was seventy-seven. Born in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in the Bronx, Nate became, in his own words, a "compulsive reader" at age nine after a bout with rheumatic fever.1 His interest in history was piqued by his reading of historical fiction.2 After graduating from DeWitt Clinton High School he attended New York University, where he majored in English, receiving his bachelor's degree in 1947. Having decided to pursue a career in history, he earned his master's degree in 1948 in American studies from New York University. He received his Ph.D. in American civilization in 1951 from the University of Pennsylvania, where a mentor, the medical historian Richard H. Shryock (who had just served as Brooke Hindle's dissertation advisor), encouraged an interest in the history of science. He moved to Washington the same year to work at the National Archives. From 1959 to 1966 he was on the staff of the Science and Technology Division of the Library of Congress, before moving to the Smithsonian Institution as founding editor of the Joseph Henry Papers Project. After nineteen years at the Henry Papers, Nate became senior historian at the National Museum of American History in

Published
2005

40. WAO International Scientific Conference (WISC 2016) Abstracts

Author

Bao, Jun, Wang, Yi-Hui, Liu, Quan-Hua, Bao, Yi-Xiao, Azouz, Nurit, Caldwell, Julie, Ray, Leanne, Rochman, Mark, Mingler, Melissa, Eilerman, Matthew, Wen, Ting, Myers, Jocelyn Biagini, Hershey, Gurjit Khurana, Kottyan, Leah, Martin, Lisa, Marc, Rothenberg, Gonzalez-Uribe, Victor, Del Rio-Chivardi, Jaime, Del Rio-Navarro, Blanca, Lou, Hongfei, Ma, Siyuan, Zhao, Yan, Cao, Feifei, He, Fei, Liu, Zhongyan, Wang, Chengshuo, Bachert, Claus, Zhang, Luo, Abrams, Elissa, Becker, Allan, Kandhare, Amit, Bodhankar, Subhash, Grossman, Nicole, Doros, Gheorghe, Laden, Francine, Fuhlbrigge, Anne, Wechsler, Michael, Pace, Wilson, Yawn, Barbara, Israel, Elliot, Lee, Junehyuk, Adler, Frederick, Kim, Peter, Huang, Yung Feng, Chen, Ying Yao, Pan, Chiun Yen, Lee, Herng Sheng, Khalemsky, Michael, Schwartz, David G., Kolkhir, Pavel, Pogorelov, Dmitry, Kochergin, Nikolay, Komarow, Hirsh, Young, Michael, Eisch, Robin, Scott, Linda, Metcalfe, Dean, Singer, Alexander, Wakeman, Andrew, Gerstner, Thomas, Song, Woo-Jung, Shim, Ji-Su, Won, Ha-Kyeong, Kang, Sung-Yoon, Sohn, Kyoung-Hee, Kim, Byung-Keun, Jo, Eun-Jung, Kim, Min-Hye, Kim, Sang-Heon, Park, Heung-Woo, Kim, Sun-Sin, Chang, Yoon-Seok, Morice, Alyn H., Lee, Byung-Jae, Cho, Sang-Heon, Min, Kyung-Up, Boscolo, Maria Assunta, Brivio, Giulio, Bosisio, Sergio, Manzocchi, Nicoletta, Pulixi, Edoardo, Grignani, Giulia, D’Andrea, Eloisia, Ricci, Massimo, Passini, Elena, Italia, Maurizio, Urrutia-Pereira, Marilyn, Fagundes, Stefani, Oliano, Vinicius Jardim, Solé, Dirceu, Benzaquen, Sadia, Aragaki, Alejandro, Balestra, Ricardo, Harden, Dawn, Caudell-Stamper, Danielle, Glady, Gilbert, Holbreich, Mark, Lyakhovska, Nataliya, Kaidashev, Igor, Bystron, Jaromir, Hutyrova, Beata, Balakirski, Galina, Vanstreels, Luk, Wurpts, Gerda, Merk, Hans F., Baron, Jens Malte, Plange, Johanna, Rihs, Hans-Peter, Raulf, Monika, Roeseler, Stefani, Tolcachier, Alberto, Chamorro, Armando, Otero, Ruth, Brooks, Joel, Hess, Michael, Benz, Jared, MacDonald, Joseph, Chatha, Usma, Lent, Dale, Köse, Şükran, Tatar, Bengü Gireniz, Akkoçlu, Gülgün, Çukurova, İbrahim, Ödemiş, İlker, Toker, Ayşin Kılınç, Hasssan, Abdullahi, Gobir, Abdulrazaq Abdullahi, Kim, Cheol-Woo, Choi, Young Hwa, Lee, Jeong Hye, Cho, Rae Jeong, Nam, Yu Ran, Nam, Joo Hyun, Kim, Woo Kyung, Filipovic, Ivana, Zivkovic, Zorica, Filipovic, Djordje, Shik, Dana, Smith, Andrew, Hsi, Wang Yui, Friedman, Stuart, Gizaw, Yonatan, Bakhda, Rima, Mohammed, Kumail, Wasserman, Richard, Hague, Angela, Pence, Deanna, Rolen, Joanna, Sugerman, Robert, Silvers, Stacy, Kamili, Qurat, Knauer, Nadezhda, Zazernyi, Alexandr, Blinova, Elena, Demina, Daria, Kozlov, Vladimir, Agrawal, Komal, Kale, Sagar, Arora, Naveen, Vasilkova, Volha, Mokhort, Tatiana, Silvers, William, Eisenberg, Rachel, Mehta, Rushita, Rubinstein, Arye, Aston, Antony, Turner, Paul, Ruiz-Garcia, Monica, Boyle, Robert, Brown, Simon, Schejter, Yael Dinur, Ovadia, Adi, Kim, Vy, Reid, Brenda, Roifman, Chaim, Rosenfield, Lana, Avilla, Ernie, Harada, Laurie, Allen, Marilyn, Waserman, Susan, Yoon, Ho Joo, Koo, Gun Woo, Chang, Suk-Il, Yoon, Hye-Ran, Park, Dong Won, Park, Tai Sun, Moon, Ji-Yong, Kim, Tae Hyung, Sohn, Jang Won, Shin, Dong Ho, Jorjoliani, Tsici, Jorjoliani, Lia, Adamia, Nino, katamadze, Nona, Ramachandra, Deepika, Jorjoliani, Liana, Karseladze, Rusudan, Saginadze, Lali, Chkuaseli, Natalia, Dolgova, Anna, Stukolova, Olga, Sudina, Anna, Cherkashina, Anna, Shipulin, German, Rosenthal, Richard, Howe, Harvey, Knause, Paul, Greemberg, Rony, De Bruycker, Jean Jacques, Fernandez, Isabel, Le Deist, Françoise, Haddad, Elie, Rha, Yeong Ho, Lee, Kyung Suk, Choi, Sun Hee, Tam, Herman, Simons, Estelle, Simons, Elinor, Golebiowska-Wawrzyniak, Maria, Markiewicz, Katarzyna, Faitelson, Yoram, Stein, Miguel, Mandelberg, Avigdor, Dalal, Ilan, Levin, Michael, Hobane, Lelani, Basera, Wisdom, Botha, Maresa, Gray, Claudia, Zar, Heather, Kjaeva, Biserka Jovkovska, Arsovski, Zoran, Grivcheva-Panovska, Vesna, Odebode, Adeyinka, Adekunle, Adedotun, Adeonipekun, Peter, Farombi, Ebenezer, Camacho-Ordoñez, Nadezhda, Martinez-Vázquez, Alejandrina Josefina, García-Cruz, María de la Luz H., Tan, Qi, Min, Rui, Dai, Guan-qun, Xie, Wei-Ping, Mao, Huang, Wang, Hong, Yadav, Rakesh, Singh, Sneha, Yadav, Divya, Khaleva, Ekaterina, Bahnson, Henry T., Franz, Amber, Garvey, Lene Heise, Jay, Nicola, Haque, Rubaiyat, Fox, Adam, Lack, Gideon, du Toit, George, Radic, Snezana, Milenkovic, Branislava, Neskovic, Ana, Danojevic, Ljiljana, Nachshon, Liat, Goldberg, Michael, Levy, Michael, Katz, Yitzhak, Elizur, Arnon, Rosario, Cristine, Kasper, Juliana, Chong-Neto, Herbeto, Riedi, Carlos, Rosario, Nelson, Levy, Michael B., Har-Even, Ronly, Carmel, Mor, Goldberg, Michael R., Kherkheulidze, Maia, Kavlashvili, Nani, Kandelaki, Eka, Adamai, Nino, Ubiria, Irma, Burke, Andrea, Kastner, Monika, Zheleva, Denica, Darlenski, Razvigor, Bozinakis, Konstantinos, Kriebardis, Anastasios, Styliara, Sofia, Karastathi, Aikaterini, Farmakas, Nikolaos, Ribeiro, Maria Luiza Kraft Kohler, Barcellos, Ana Carolina, Silva, Hannah Gabriele Ferreira, Carletto, Luís Henrique Mattei, Bet, Marcela Carolina, Rossetto, Nathalia Zorze, Rosario, Nelson Augusto, Chong-Neto, Herberto Jose, Valença, Fernanda, Novaes, Marina, Gomes, Mariana, Seifert, Carla, Neto, Alfredo, Loyola, Flavia, Rios, José, Silva, Tatiana, Neves, Aline, Abadoglu, Oznur, Gemicioglu, Bilun, Bayram, Hasan, Cimrin, Arif, Akyildiz, Levent, Cilli, Aykut, Gunen, Hakan, Ozlu, Tevfik, Suerdem, Mecit, Uzaslan, Esra, Misirligil, Zeynep, Ristic-Stojanovic, Snezana, Milicevic, A., Milenkovic, A., Cvejic, Jelena, Jankovic, Jelena, Dimic-Janjic, Sanja, Djurdjevic, Natasa, Barzylovych, Vladyslava, Umanets, Tetiana, Barzylovych, Anastasia, Winkler, Karyn, Margarinos, Jessica, Martin, Dylan, Nowakowski, Maja, Joks, Rauno, Zangen, Tsili, Bernadsky, Olga, Boaz, Mona, Hermann, Gratiana, Aviv, Rachel, Kuperboim, Olga, Ramichanov, Larisa, Broide, Efrat, Shamir, Raanan, Zevit, Noam, Shaoul, Ron, Fich, Alex, Levine, Arie, Melamed, Isaac, Gangwar, Roopesh Singh, Minai-Fleminger, Yael, Seaf, Mansour, Gutgold, Amichai, Shikotra, Aarti, Chauhan, Anoop, Holgate, Stephen, Bradding, Peter, Howarth, Peter, Eliashar, Ron, Berkman, Neville, Levi-Schaffer, Francesca, Woo, Sung-il, Celik, Betul, Bulut, Tangul, Yalcin, Arzu Didem, Caldas, Luiz Querino, Confino-Cohen, Ronit, Rosman, Yossi, Goldberg, Arnon, Breuer, Oded, Singh, Roopesh, Barhoum, Ahlam, Kerem, Eitan, Slavyanskaya, Tatiana, Sepiashvili, Revaz, Blinova, Elena A., Pashkina, Ekaterina A., Leonova, Marina I., Nepomnyaschikh, Vera M., Demina, Darya V., Kozlov, Vladimir A., Shamri, Revital, Young, Kristen M., Weller, Peter F., de Paula Vieira, Rodolfo, Oliveira-Junior, Manoel Carneiro, Damasceno-Rodrigues, Nilsa Regina, Arantes-Costa, Fernanda Magalhães, Martins, Milton Arruda, Oliveira, Ana Paula Ligeiro, Bernard, Alfred, Sardella, Antonia, Voisin, Catherine, Royce, Simon, Philpott, Hamish, Nandurkar, Sanjay, Thien, Francis, Gibson, Peter, Bianchini, Rodolfo, Roth-Walter, Franziska, Ohradanova-Repic, Anna, Hofstetter, Gerlinde, Herrmann, Ina, Carvalho, Maria Isabel, Hufnagl, Karin, Bajna, Erika, Roth, Georg, Stockinger, Hannes, Jensen-Jarolim, Erika, Almog, Meital, Kessel, Aharon, Apov, Larisa, Salguero, Carlos Sanchez, Chacon, Alvaro Sanchez, Nazarov, Abbos, Ergashev, Shaxbos, Nesterova, Irina, Kovaleva, Svetlana, Chudilova, Galina, Lomtatidze, Ludmila, De Schryver, Sarah, Dery, Alizee, Clarke, Ann, Nadeau, Kari, Weatherall, Kimberly, Greenwood, Celia, Daley, Denise, Asai, Yuka, Ben-Shoshan, Moshe, Balmasova, Irina, Malova, Elena, Wagner, Stefanie, Pacios, Luis F., Wallner, Michael, Wiederstein, Markus, Tevs, Anna E., Tataurshchikova, Nataly, Sangidorj, Baigalmaa, Ronzhina, Anna, Chikhladze, Manana, Wirz, Oliver F., van de Veen, Willem, Mirer, David, Morita, Hideaki, Altunbulakli, Can, Johnston, Sebastian L., Glanville, Nicholas, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Akdis, Cezmi A., Akdis, Mübeccel, Reshef, Avner, Riedl, Marc, Panovska, Vesna Grivcheva, Moldovan, Dumitru, Baker, James, Yang, William H., Andrejevic, Sladjana, Lockey, Richard F., Hakl, Roman, Kivity, Shmuel, Bellizzi, Luca, Harper, Joseph R., Relan, Anurag, and Cicardi, Marco

Subjects
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Immunology, Library science, Meeting Abstracts, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, lcsh:RC581-607, business, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
Published
2017

41. Abū al-Ṣalt: Umayya ibn ҁAbd al-ҁAzīz ibn Abī al-Ṣalt al-Dānī al-Andalusī

Author

Saori Ihara, K. Sakurai, Narahari Achar, Charles Burnett, Mariafortuna Pietroluongo, F. Jamil Ragep, Petra G. Schmidl, Martiin P. Cuypers, Julio Samsó, Rudi Paul Lindner, Behnaz Hashemipour, Scott W. Teare, A. Clive Davenhall, Sven Widmalm, Thomas Nelson Winter, Ian T. Durham, Michael E. Mickelson, Mercè Comes, Margherita Hack, Hüseyin Topdemir, Klaus Hentschel, Dennis Danielson, David A. King, Kerstin Springsfeld, Thomas R. Williams, James Dye, Harry G. Lang, Antonio E. Ten, Nicholas Campion, John Hearnshaw, Marc Rothenberg, Ednilson Oliveira, Wayne Orchiston, Tapio Markkanen, Keiji Yamamoto, Ilan Vardi, Paul L. Butzer, A. Vagiswari, Robert A. Garfinkle, Karl Galle, Anthony F. Beavers, Norriss Hetherington, Siek Hyung, Gilbert E. Satterthwaite, Jérôme Lamy, Joseph S. Tenn, Marvin Bolt, Leonard B. Abbey, Richard Baum, Salim Aydüz, Giancarlo Truffa, Roser Puig, Adriaan Blaauw, Ke Ve Sarma, Norriss S. Hetherington, Paul T. Keyser, Stephen Gaukroger, Matthew Stanley, Roy H. Garstang, Hüseyin Sarıoğlu, Nicholas Kollerstrom, Mark Hurn, Fathi Habashi, William Sheehan, Christof A. Plicht, Helge Kragh, Dieter B. Herrmann, Steven L. Renshaw, İhsan Fazlıoğlu, Carl‐Gunne Fälthammar, Peter S. Excell, and Leif L. Robinson

Published
2014

44. Ashraf: al-Malik al-Ashraf (Mumahhid al-Dīn) ҁUmar ibn Yūsuf ibn ҁUmar ibn ҁAlī ibn Rasūl

Author

Karl Galle, Marc Rothenberg, Christof A. Plicht, Robert A. Garfinkle, Leif L. Robinson, Giancarlo Truffa, Gilbert E. Satterthwaite, Salim Aydüz, Siek Hyung, Carl‐Gunne Fälthammar, K. Sakurai, Dieter B. Herrmann, Kerstin Springsfeld, Mark Hurn, William Sheehan, Thomas R. Williams, Roser Puig, Adriaan Blaauw, Leonard B. Abbey, Steven L. Renshaw, Fathi Habashi, Mercè Comes, Scott W. Teare, Stephen Gaukroger, A. Clive Davenhall, Nicholas Campion, Matthew Stanley, Hüseyin Sarıoğlu, Michael E. Mickelson, İhsan Fazlıoğlu, Peter S. Excell, Harry G. Lang, Saori Ihara, A. Vagiswari, Roy H. Garstang, Dennis Danielson, Wayne Orchiston, Ilan Vardi, John Hearnshaw, Thomas Nelson Winter, Jérôme Lamy, Ke Ve Sarma, Joseph S. Tenn, Julio Samsó, Paul L. Butzer, Tapio Markkanen, Ednilson Oliveira, F. Jamil Ragep, Martiin P. Cuypers, Marvin Bolt, Keiji Yamamoto, Paul T. Keyser, Richard Baum, Sven Widmalm, Margherita Hack, Rudi Paul Lindner, Behnaz Hashemipour, David A. King, Ian T. Durham, Nicholas Kollerstrom, Norriss S. Hetherington, Narahari Achar, Hüseyin Topdemir, Charles Burnett, Mariafortuna Pietroluongo, Klaus Hentschel, Helge Kragh, Antonio E. Ten, Petra G. Schmidl, Norriss Hetherington, Anthony F. Beavers, and James Dye

Subjects
Philosophy
Published
2014

45. ҁAlī ibn Khalaf: Abū al-Ḥasan ibn Aḥmar al-Ṣaydalānī

Author

Narahari Achar, F. Jamil Ragep, Charles Burnett, Dieter B. Herrmann, Mariafortuna Pietroluongo, Martiin P. Cuypers, James Dye, Paul T. Keyser, Thomas Nelson Winter, Sven Widmalm, Helge Kragh, Siek Hyung, John Hearnshaw, Ednilson Oliveira, Richard Baum, Peter S. Excell, Leonard B. Abbey, Karl Galle, Tapio Markkanen, Paul L. Butzer, Wayne Orchiston, Keiji Yamamoto, Petra G. Schmidl, Nicholas Campion, Roser Puig, Kerstin Springsfeld, Steven L. Renshaw, Adriaan Blaauw, Hüseyin Topdemir, Marvin Bolt, Ilan Vardi, İhsan Fazlıoğlu, Giancarlo Truffa, Leif L. Robinson, K. Sakurai, Norriss Hetherington, Thomas R. Williams, Carl‐Gunne Fälthammar, Matthew Stanley, Robert A. Garfinkle, Gilbert E. Satterthwaite, Scott W. Teare, Mark Hurn, Saori Ihara, Margherita Hack, Antonio E. Ten, David A. King, Salim Aydüz, Stephen Gaukroger, Mercè Comes, A. Vagiswari, Hüseyin Sarıoğlu, Ke Ve Sarma, Harry G. Lang, Marc Rothenberg, Klaus Hentschel, Jérôme Lamy, Joseph S. Tenn, Julio Samsó, A. Clive Davenhall, Nicholas Kollerstrom, Roy H. Garstang, Michael E. Mickelson, Rudi Paul Lindner, Behnaz Hashemipour, Anthony F. Beavers, Norriss S. Hetherington, Ian T. Durham, Christof A. Plicht, William Sheehan, Dennis Danielson, and Fathi Habashi

Published
2014

46. Abharī: Athīr al-Dīn al-Mufaḍḍal ibn ҁUmar ibn al-Mufaḍḍal al-Samarqandī al-Abharī

Author

Petra G. Schmidl, Margherita Hack, Julio Samsó, Leif L. Robinson, Saori Ihara, David A. King, Rudi Paul Lindner, Behnaz Hashemipour, Carl‐Gunne Fälthammar, Ian T. Durham, Narahari Achar, Ednilson Oliveira, Charles Burnett, Mariafortuna Pietroluongo, Harry G. Lang, Robert A. Garfinkle, Dieter B. Herrmann, Paul T. Keyser, Richard Baum, Marc Rothenberg, James Dye, Gilbert E. Satterthwaite, Kerstin Springsfeld, Thomas R. Williams, Roy H. Garstang, Fathi Habashi, Norriss S. Hetherington, Karl Galle, Paul L. Butzer, John Hearnshaw, Marvin Bolt, Tapio Markkanen, Keiji Yamamoto, Leonard B. Abbey, Siek Hyung, Dennis Danielson, Mark Hurn, Norriss Hetherington, Helge Kragh, İhsan Fazlıoğlu, A. Vagiswari, Jérôme Lamy, Joseph S. Tenn, Matthew Stanley, Roser Puig, Adriaan Blaauw, Peter S. Excell, F. Jamil Ragep, Nicholas Campion, Martiin P. Cuypers, Antonio E. Ten, Thomas Nelson Winter, Sven Widmalm, Wayne Orchiston, Mercè Comes, Ilan Vardi, Salim Aydüz, Stephen Gaukroger, Anthony F. Beavers, Hüseyin Sarıoğlu, Steven L. Renshaw, Christof A. Plicht, Klaus Hentschel, K. Sakurai, Scott W. Teare, William Sheehan, A. Clive Davenhall, Michael E. Mickelson, Giancarlo Truffa, Ke Ve Sarma, Nicholas Kollerstrom, and Hüseyin Topdemir

Subjects
Philosophy
Published
2014

47. ҁAlī al-Muwaqqit: Muṣliḥ al-Dīn Muṣṭafā ibn ҁAlī al-Qusṭanṭīnī al-Rūmī al-Ḥanafī al-Muwaqqit

Author

Salim Aydüz, Stephen Gaukroger, K. Sakurai, Hüseyin Sarıoğlu, Antonio E. Ten, Rudi Paul Lindner, Behnaz Hashemipour, Ian T. Durham, Anthony F. Beavers, Ke Ve Sarma, Paul L. Butzer, Scott W. Teare, Nicholas Campion, Richard Baum, Julio Samsó, Harry G. Lang, John Hearnshaw, Tapio Markkanen, Dieter B. Herrmann, Marvin Bolt, Dennis Danielson, Keiji Yamamoto, Peter S. Excell, Siek Hyung, İhsan Fazlıoğlu, Leif L. Robinson, Nicholas Kollerstrom, Paul T. Keyser, Marc Rothenberg, Roser Puig, Adriaan Blaauw, Klaus Hentschel, Petra G. Schmidl, Leonard B. Abbey, A. Clive Davenhall, Hüseyin Topdemir, Helge Kragh, Carl‐Gunne Fälthammar, Mercè Comes, Norriss Hetherington, Matthew Stanley, Ednilson Oliveira, Saori Ihara, Kerstin Springsfeld, Michael E. Mickelson, Thomas R. Williams, Robert A. Garfinkle, Fathi Habashi, Gilbert E. Satterthwaite, Thomas Nelson Winter, A. Vagiswari, Narahari Achar, Jérôme Lamy, Joseph S. Tenn, William Sheehan, Charles Burnett, Mariafortuna Pietroluongo, Steven L. Renshaw, F. Jamil Ragep, Margherita Hack, David A. King, Martiin P. Cuypers, Sven Widmalm, Roy H. Garstang, Mark Hurn, James Dye, Karl Galle, Norriss S. Hetherington, Christof A. Plicht, Wayne Orchiston, Ilan Vardi, and Giancarlo Truffa

Published
2014

49. History of Science in United States

Author

Marc Rothenberg

Subjects
History, Historiography of science, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Encyclopedia, Library science, History of medicine, History of science
Abstract

This Encyclopedia examines all aspects of the history of science in the United States, with a special emphasis placed on the historiography of science in America. It can be used by students, general readers, scientists, or anyone interested in the facts relating to the development of science in the United States. Special emphasis is placed in the history of medicine and technology and on the relationship between science and technology and science and medicine.

Published
2012

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