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The highly innovative process, proposed by CNIM and chosen by F4E, is based on a pultrusion technique that involves the manufacture of profiles of epoxy S2-glass. Each pre-compression ring (PCR) is manufactured by winding the flat pultruded profile (2 mm thick and about 2800 m long) and utilizing an adhesive tape (0.12 mm thick) between layers to freeze the geometry. After the curing cycle, the PCR is machined to reach the required geometry tolerances. Each PCR will have a diameter of approximately 5 m, a cross-section of 332 mm × 288 mm and will weigh approximately 3 tons. The PCRs will finally be proof tested at 600 MPa in hoop stress that corresponds to 1.5 time the operational hoop stress. An extensive qualification phase has been released to prove that both materials and manufacturing technology can procure PCRs according to requirements. This paper describes the manufacturing processes, the results of the qualification phase and the status of the production.

The ITER reactor relies in magnetic confinement of hot plasma. The main driver for the confinement is played by the Toroidal Field Coils. These magnets are composed by a Winding Pack, made of Nb3Sn superconductors, and a surrounding stainless steel structure or Coil Case which is closed by welding once the Winding Pack is inserted. The closure GTAW weld of the cases includes about 70m of weld ranging from 40 to 120 mm. Due to the tight tolerances that have to be respected on the final Toroidal Field Coils, a mechanical quasi-static Finite Element Model has been developed using ANSYS software by Enginsoft and SIMIC, under the work frame of a Fusion for Energy contract, to predict the welding distortion by simulating different welding scenarios and to confirm the definition of the required extra-material in the Toroidal Field Coil Cases. The FEM model was firstly benchmarked with validation coupons, then verified and fine-tuned with four 1:1 scaled Toroidal Field Coil Case cross section mock ups . Finally, a full Finite Element Model has been developed in order to predict the deformation of the cases during the welding process. The first Toroidal Field Coil has been welded during the first half of 2019. In this paper, a comparison between the deformation predicted by Finite Element Model and direct dimensional measurements of the distortions carried out during the welding process is presented.

The plasma confinement of the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER) is provided by the magnetic field generated by 18 toroidal field coils. Fusion for Energy (F4E), the European Domestic Agency for ITER, is responsible for the supply of 10 TFC to ITER project. Their procurement has been divided into three main work packages: I) the production of the radial plates, structural stainless steel components housing the Nb3Sn conductors, II) the manufacture of 10 Winding Packs (WP) and III) the cold test of 10 WP plus their insertion into the Coil Cases. This article gives an update of the status of the production of the third and last work package performed under the framework of an F4E contract assigned to SIMIC SpA, an Italian company. In particular, the details of the WP thermal cycle, the insertion of the firsts TF coil in their coil cases, the closure weld, the gap filling and the machining strategy adopted to optimize the final TF coil shape optimized to minimize the field errors are presented.

The plasma confinement of the International Tokamak Experimental Rector (ITER) is provided by the magnetic field generated by 18 toroidal field (TF) coils while 6 poloidal field (PF) and 6 central solenoid coils have the function to drive, shape and pre-heat the plasma. Fusion for Energy (F4E), the European Domestic Agency for ITER, is responsible for the supply of 10 TF coils and 5 PF coils to the ITER project. The ITER Organization (IO) team is instead responsible for the design of such coils as well for the coordination of the activities of the different Domestic Agencies (DAs) producing the different components, and their assembly into the Tokamak. The PF coils utilize NbTi Cable-in-Conduit-Conductor and have different diameters between 8 and 24 meters and weights of up to 400 tons. Regarding the PF coils produced by F4E, so far one has been completed by the Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP) under a collaboration agreement with F4E. The other 4 PF coils are being produced at the ITER site in Saint Paul lez Durance, France, under F4E supervision. The first of these (PF5) will be completed by July 2020 while the last coil (PF3) will be ready be the end of 2023. The TF coils utilize Nb3Sn conductor and are manufactured with the “Wind, React & Transfer” method. The first TF coil is close to completion and will be delivered to the ITER site in early 2020. Subsequent TF coils will follow at a rate of about one every 3-4 months. In this article we will report on the production status of both PF and TF coils and, in particular, the different manufacturing strategies employed. The main challenges faced so far and the results obtained are also described.

Editor-in-Chief and Creative Director: Christiane Wagner For more information about the board, please click onEditorial TeamandArt Style Magazine’s ScientificCommittee Art Style | Art & Culture International Magazineisanopenaccess,biannual, and peer-reviewed onlinemagazine that aims to bundle cultural diversity.All values of cultures are shown in their varieties of art. Beyond the importance of the medium, form, and context in which art takes its characteristics, we also consider the significance of socio-cultural, historical, and market influence. Thus, there are different forms of visual expression and perception through the media and environment. The images relate to the cultural changes and their time-space significance—the spirit of the time. Hence, it is not only about the image itself and its description but rather its effects on culture, in which reciprocity is involved. For example, a variety of visual narratives—like movies, TV shows, videos, performances, media, digital arts, visual technologies and video game as part of the video’s story, communications design, and also, drawing, painting, photography, dance, theater, literature, sculpture, architecture and design—are discussed in their visual significance as well as in synchronization with music in daily interactions. Moreover, this magazine handles images and sounds concerning the meaning in culture due to the influence of ideologies, trends, or functions for informational purposes as forms of communication beyond the significance of art and its issues related to the socio-cultural and political context. However, the significance of art and all kinds of aesthetic experiences represent a transformation for our nature as human beings. In general, questions concerning the meaning of art are frequently linked to the process of perception and imagination. This process can be understood as an aesthetic experience in art, media, and fields such as motion pictures, music, and many other creative works and events that contribute to one’s knowledge, opinions, or skills. Accordingly, examining the digital technologies, motion picture, sound recording, broadcasting industries, and its social impact, Art Style Magazine focuses on the myriad meanings of art to become aware of their effects on culture as well as their communication dynamics.

For more information about the board, please click onEditorial TeamandArt Style Magazine’s ScientificCommittee Art Style, Art & Culture International Magazineisanopenaccess,biannual, and peer-reviewed onlinemagazine that aims to bundle cultural diversity.All values of cultures are shown in their varieties of art. Beyond the importance of the medium, form, and context in which art takes its characteristics, we also consider the significance of socio-cultural, historical, and market influence. Thus, there are different forms of visual expression and perception through the media and environment. The images relate to the cultural changes and their time-space significance—the spirit of the time. Hence, it is not only about the image itself and its description but rather its effects on culture, in which reciprocity is involved. For example, a variety of visual narratives—like movies, TV shows, videos, performances, media, digital arts, visual technologies and video game as part of the video’s story, communications design, and also, drawing, painting, photography, dance, theater, literature, sculpture, architecture and design—are discussed in their visual significance as well as in synchronization with music in daily interactions. Moreover, this magazine handles images and sounds concerning the meaning in culture due to the influence of ideologies, trends, or functions for informational purposes as forms of communication beyond the significance of art and its issues related to the socio-cultural and political context. However, the significance of art and all kinds of aesthetic experiences represent a transformation for our nature as human beings. In general, questions concerning the meaning of art are frequently linked to the process of perception and imagination. This process can be understood as an aesthetic experience in art, media, and fields such as motion pictures, music, and many other creative works and events that contribute to one’s knowledge, opinions, or skills. Accordingly, examining the digital technologies, motion picture, sound recording, broadcasting industries, and its social impact, Art Style Magazine focuses on the myriad meanings of art to become aware of their effects on culture as well as their communication dynamics.

The magnetic field, necessary for the plasma confinement in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), Cadarache, France, is provided by the 18 Toroidal Field Coils (TFC). In each coil, this magnetic field is produced by circulating a current of 68 kA through 4.5 km of Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit superconductor, which is assembled into a mechanical structure capable of withstanding the huge Lorentz forces produced. The Fusion for Energy, the European Domestic Agency for the ITER, is responsible for the supply of 10 TFC. This article gives an overview of the manufacturing and test processes applied during the series production of all sub- and final assemblies, as well as the production status. Special emphasis will be put on some particular characteristics of the Nb3Sn superconductor and other problems faced during manufacturing and strategies applied to overcome them.

The first European superconducting winding pack (WP) and the first set of coil cases [toroidal field coil cases (TFCC)] for ITER are going to be delivered in 2017. The TFCC are steel structures that provide structural integrity to the WP, contribute to neutron shielding capacity, provide support to operating forces, and offer interface connections with the rest of the ITER machine. The TFCC assembly is formed by four main parts: two sectors with U-shaped section and two closure plates, which, after being welded together, enclose the WP. Each TFCC weights about 150 t and presents a wall thickness from 60 to 120 mm. The presence of distortions when welding such thick structures is particularly problematic in these components, which require tight tolerances and include several interfaces with other parts of the machine. In order to compensate the distortions, extra material is present in the critical areas to allow postwelding machining. The amount of extra material has to be optimized to reduce machining time and therefore the cost of the manufacturing. Thus, the evaluation of the welding-caused distortions is essential in order to confirm the extra-material strategy. In this scenario, an experimental and simulation campaign has been set up to predict the deformation of the TFCC during welding. First, welding coupons were welded in representative configurations. Then, these data were used to build a preliminary finite element method (FEM) model tool, using ANSYS software, which was then benchmarked against a “blind test” coupon and three TFCC-like mock-ups of 1-m length. Finally, a full FEM model was constructed using the previous outputs and is currently under assessment to predict the deformation of the TFCC during the welding process. This paper presents the numerical and experimental activities carried out so far, being EnginSoft S.p.A. the developer of FEM models, SIMIC S.p.A. the responsible of welding processes and data acquisition, and Fusion for Energy the contractual and technical supervisor.

The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) magnetic system includes 18 toroidal field (TF) coils constructed using Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit superconductor. Each TF coil comprises a winding pack (WP) composed of seven double pancake modules stacked together, impregnated and inserted into a stainless steel coil case. Ten TF coils are being produced in Europe, under the responsibility of Fusion for Energy (F4E, the European Domestic Agency), while the remaining nine TF coils are being produced in Japan. F4E has implemented a strategy dividing the procurement into three packages. One is related to the construction of 70 radial plates (RP), another to the fabrication of 10 WP, and a third to the cold test and coil-case insertion of 10 WP. After 7 years of R&D and qualification activities and of industrial production, the first ITER TF coil WP has been completed in Europe. Factory acceptance tests, including leak, dimensional, and electrical tests at room temperature, were completed in May 2017 and the series production of the remaining nine TF WPs in Europe is underway. The first package has been completed and all 70 RP have been delivered. Commissioning of major tooling for the third package is to be performed at the end of 2017. In this paper, we report on the test of the first TF WP and on the status of the remaining production.

The ITER is an international scientific project with the aim of building a tokamak fusion reactor capable of producing ten times more energy than that spent to sustain the reaction. The reaction is magnetically confined, and the toroidal field (TF) coil system plays a primary role in this confinement. Fusion for Energy, which is the European Domestic Agency (EU-DA) for ITER, is responsible for the supply of 10 out of the 19 TF coils. In May 2014, F4E signed a contract with SIMIC SpA (BNG GmbH as the main subsupplier) to carry out the final step of the TF procurement and finally deliver them to the ITER construction site in Cadarache, F. This paper gives an update on the status of the first stage of the contract, particularly on the procurement of the main special tooling and the qualification activities that have been carried out to qualify the special processes.

A typical NHF FW panel consists of a series of fingers, which represent the elementary plasma facing units and are designed to withstand 15,000 cycles at 2 MW/m 2 . The fingers are mechanically joined and supported by a back structural element or “supporting beam”. The structure of a finger is made of three different materials: stainless steel for the supporting structure, copper chromium zirconium for the heat sink, and beryllium as armour material. Due to their location and to the interfaces with other systems (e.g. Diagnostics, Remote Handling), the NHF FW panels are divided in different main and minor variants. The aim of this paper is to present the design work performed towards the PA signature. CAD detailed models have been created in CATIA for main and minor variants. Examples of local design solutions, as well as design work to achieve the global configuration of specific modules are provided. Finite Element (FE) analyses have been carried out, in order to simulate the operational scenario of ITER and assess the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the most important FW panels against the required design criteria. This design and analyses activity is required to progress towards the finalization of the detailed design of the NHF FW main and minor variants.

The as-welded surfaces of the ITER Vacuum Vessel sectors need to be within a very tight tolerance, without a full-scale prototype. In order to predict welding distortion and optimize the manufacturing sequence, the industrial contract includes extensive computational simulations of the weld processes which can rapidly assess different sequences. The accurate shape prediction, after each manufacturing phase, enables actual distortions to be compared with the welding simulations to generate modified procedures and pre-compensate distortions. While previous mock-ups used heavy welded-on jigs to try to restrain the distortions, this method allows the use of lightweight jigs and yields important cost and rework savings. In order to enable the optimization of different alternative welding sequences, the simulation methodology is improved using condensed computation techniques with ANSYS in order to reduce computational resources. For each welding process, the models are calibrated with the results of coupons and mock-ups. The calibration is used to construct representative models of each segment and sector. This paper describes the application to the construction of the Vacuum Vessel sector of the enhanced simulation methodology with condensed Finite Element computation techniques and results of the calibration on several test pieces for different types of welds.

Neologisme forge par Baumgarten, cense designer la « science de la connaissance sensible », le terme « esthetique » s’impose difficilement dans la France des Lumieres. Que designe au juste ce mot : une theorie de la sensibilite, une science du beau, ou bien une doctrine du gout ? Lorsqu’au debut du xxe siecle, le terme a enfin droit de cite dans les cursus academiques, la recente discipline « Esthetique » – beneficiant d’une chaire a la Sorbonne – n’est destinee qu’a constituer une science nouvelle nommee « science de l’art », Kunstwissenschaft, « a cote de l’histoire de l’art » – prend soin de preciser Victor Basch, philosophe, germaniste, et premier titulaire de la chaire en question. L’esthetique serait-elle condamnee, encore de nos jours, a l’indetermination semantique et au flou epistemologique ?

Que la séparation moyenâgeuse entre les arts libéraux et les arts mécaniques puisse survivre, sous des formes diverses, dans les institutions actuelles — Académie, écoles des beaux-arts, universités, etc. — est pour le moins un paradoxe. L’histoire de l’art, de la Renaissance à nos jours, n’aurait-elle pas démontré, oeuvres à l’appui, l’inanité d’un tel clivage entre “art mineur” et “art majeur” et l’impossibilité de tracer une frontière nette entre l’art et l’artisanat ?, Jimenez Marc. Sur les sculptures en verre d'Etienne Leperlier. In: Figures de l'Art. Revue d'études esthétiques, n°7, 2003. Artiste / Artisan. pp. 305-309.

Avant de parler du défi esthétique de l’art technologique, je dirai quelques mots du défi qui est le mien aujourd’hui, un défi qui pourrait facilement devenir un piège si je n’y prenais garde. Ce défi est celui du philosophe, formé à l’école de la philosophie traditionnelle de l’art, qui prétend traiter des formes les plus récentes de la création issues de techniques en constante évolution. J’éviterai donc le piège en adoptant, sans peine, la posture du béotien, du non-spécialiste, du « candi...

The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor is an international scientific project with the aim of building a tokamak fusion reactor capable of producing at least 10 times more energy than that spent to sustain the reaction. In a tokamak the fusion reaction is magnetically confined and the toroidal field coil system plays a primary role in this confinement. Fusion for Energy, the European Domestic Agency for ITER, is responsible for the supply of 10 out the 19 toroidal field coils. Their procurement has been subdivided in three main work packages: the production of 70 radial plates (the structural components which will house the conductors), the manufacture of 10 winding packs (the core of the magnet) and cold test and insertion into the coil cases of 10 winding packs. The cold test/insertion work package presents significant technological challenges. These include the cold test of the winding packs 14 m high, 9 m wide and weighing 110 t, the welding and inspection of the 316 LN stainless steel coil case, with welded thicknesses of up to 144 mm accessible only from one side combined with the need to minimize the deformation during the welding process (more than 70 m of weld per coil and up to 90 passes to fill the chamfer) and the resin filling of the coil case after insertion of the winding pack (the total volume to be filled up is about one cubic meter per coil). From 2009 up to mid 2011, F4E has carried out an RD in this paper an overview of the results obtained is presented.

Decrepitude, declin, fin, mort, progres, decadence, degenerescence (de l’art) ne sont plus des notions fondamentales pour penser la creation actuelle. L’art contemporain, depuis plus de trois decennies, brouille les cartes esthetique, historique et ideologique qui determinaient autrefois les criteres de pertinence et de qualite des œuvres d’art. L’art ne disparait pas, il se dissout dans le « culturel », la ou la valeur marchande prevaut sur les valeurs artistique et esthetique. Le capitalisme liberal cree l’art perenne. Il invente ainsi la fin de la fin de l’art, un art a son image, sans valeurs, sans ideaux, sans perspective humaniste, temoin desabuse de notre epoque, parfois violent, excessif, mais peu contestataire, sismographe d’un monde agite et deboussole.

While a scrupulous attention to the multiple dimensions of contemporary artistic creation remains indispensable, the predominantly optimistic vision which, a few years ago, sought to counter the strident contempt of the censors of “contemporary art” no longer constitutes the adequate response. Nor does it remain self-evident that the idea of an “iconoclastic” and “autophagic” art still encloses a kernel which is recalcitrant to any institutional or commodifying recuperation, or that it is is anything other than the symptom of a residual and stubborn idealism, devoid of any bearing on the current status, social, economic, economic and political, of contemporary art. True, there is still room for personal strategies and there are still some lingering possibilities for individual acts of micro-resistance to the dominant artistic networks. These can develop on the margins of the general commodity logic and its speculative excesses. However one has only to take a walk in the aisles of the numerous international art fairs to grasp the extent to which such forms of resistance are, indeed, marginal.

Resumen En primer lugar se analizan los distintos procedimientos terapeuticos de los procesos que son capaces de desarrollar el sindrome de ocupacion pleural. En aquellos pacientes que son incapaces de recibir tratamiento quirurgico se propone, como terapeutica encaminada a obtener la sinfisis pleural, la instilacion local de oxitetraciclina en base a previos ensayos de otros autores. Se exponen los detalles tecnicos de dicho procedimiento y se analizan los resultados obtenidos en una serie de 25 casos de distintas etiologias. Se resume afirmando que constituye un metodo simple y seguro, por lo que puede aplicarse en cualquier paciente sin menoscabo alguno de su estado general.

Revault d'Allonnes Olivier, Dadoun Roger, Jimenez Marc, Höhn Gerhard. La raison en question. Premier débat sur l'«École de Francfort» . In: Raison présente, n°36, Octobre – Novembre – Décembre 1975. L'énergie, les centrales nucléaires. pp. 41-55.

Jimenez Marc. Bloch - Lukacs - Adorno : notes sur une controverse intempestive. In: L'Homme et la societe, N. 79-82, 1986. Lukacs-Bloch : raison et utopie. pp. 19-23.

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