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1. Preliminary Sizing of the Electrical Motor and Housing of Electromechanical Actuators Applied on the Primary Flight Control System of Unmanned Helicopters

Author

Jeremy Roussel, Marc Budinger, and Laurent Ruet

Subjects
specification, flight analysis, dimensional analysis, vibration, multidisciplinary optimization, Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics, TL1-4050
Abstract

Helicopter dronization is expanding, for example, the VSR700 project. This leads to the integration of electromechanical actuators (EMAs) into the primary flight control system (PFCS). The PFCS is in charge of controlling the helicopter flight over its four axes (roll, pitch, yaw, and vertical). It controls the blade pitch thanks to mechanical kinematics and actuators. For more than 60 years, the actuators have been conventionally using the hydraulic technology. The EMA technology introduction involves the reconsideration of the design practices. Indeed, an EMA is multidisciplinary. Each of its components introduces new design drivers and new inherent technological imperfections (friction, inertia, and losses). This paper presents a methodology to specify and pre-design critical EMAs. The description will be focused on two components: the electrical motor and the housing. This includes a data-driven specification, scaling laws for motor losses estimation, and surrogate modeling for the housing vibratory sizing. The tools are finally applied to two study cases. The first case considers two potential redundant topologies of actuation. The housing sizing shows that one prevails on the other. The second case considers the actuators of helicopter rotors. The electrical motor sizing highlights the importance of designing two separate actuators.

Published
2022
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3. Health Monitoring of an Electromechanical Flight Surface Actuator

Author

Kinnaert, Michel, Garone, Emanuele, Hendrick, Patrick, Makarov, Maria, Sauter, Dominique, Alexandre, Paul, Marc, Budinger, Wauthion, Benjamin, Kinnaert, Michel, Garone, Emanuele, Hendrick, Patrick, Makarov, Maria, Sauter, Dominique, Alexandre, Paul, Marc, Budinger, and Wauthion, Benjamin

Abstract

Hydraulic actuators are replaced by electromechanical actuators (EMAs) for the control of airplane flight surfaces in order to limit weight and avoid resorting to highly corrosive and polluting fluids notably. However, when used for the actuation of primary flight surfaces, the EMAs must be supervised to reach the required level of reliability. The supervision or health monitoring system aims at detecting and localizing possible degradations so that a maintenance operation can be performed before any failure arises. Similarly, health monitoring systems are needed for the EMAs used in future reusable launchers to ensure rapid decisions regarding potential maintenance before a new launch. The aim of the present work is to develop systematic methodologies to design health monitoring systems (also called fault diagnosis systems) for such applications. The focus will be on an aeronautic case study and mechanical faults, like an increase in friction and backlash, as such faults may induce jamming and have catastrophic consequences.To design and validate a health monitoring system, there is a need for data corresponding to both the healthy and the faulty operation of the device. Experimental data sets recorded on a fleet of healthy EMAs are available, but no data is available for faulty operation. Therefore, an EMA simulator is built to be able to generate synthetic data corresponding to operation in healthy and faulty modes. The simulator relies on a grey box model merging a physics-based description of the electromechanical system with a data-driven model for the friction and backlash phenomena. A grey box identification method is used to estimate the friction parameters including their confidence level for the different EMAs. Production variability is then characterized by showing that each parameter estimate can be represented by a Gaussian distribution at a given temperature. Next thermal effects are accounted for through a Gaussian process characterizing parameter va, Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Published
2023

4. Multirotor drone sizing and trajectory optimization within Modelon Impact

Author

Clément Coïc, Marc Budinger, and Scott Delbecq

Abstract

The design of multirotor drones often relies on optimizing its performance in terms of maximum speed requirements and hover time. This is well suited to undefined tasks. In the case of repetitive tasks, the drone trajectory can be added as a third degree of freedom. This paper focuses on the use of Modelon Impact and its dynamic optimization capabilities to reach a multirotor drone design and 1-D trajectory optimization. In comparison to other options investigated by the authors in a separate publication, Modelon Impact based optimization proved to be much simpler, more robust, and faster – for this use case.

Published
2023
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7. Reusable Surrogate Models for the Preliminary Design of Aircraft Application Systems

Author

Marc Budinger, Florian Sanchez, Ion Hazyuk, Aurélien Reysset, and Francesco de Giorgi

Subjects
Model order reduction, 020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Aspect ratio, Computer science, Aerospace Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Drone, Automotive engineering, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Electromechanical actuator, Brushless motors, 0203 mechanical engineering, Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion, 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), Multirotor
Abstract

This paper presents a new methodology for obtaining surrogate models suitable for the preliminary design of aircraft application systems. The methodology is based on a dimensional and sensitivity a...

Published
2021
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8. Improving mechanical ice protection systems with topology optimization

Author

Alexis Marbœuf, Marc Budinger, Valérie Pommier-Budinger, Valérian Palanque, Lokman Bennani, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), ONERA / DMPE, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], and ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Control and Optimization, Electromechanical de-icing, Adjoint method, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Computer Science Applications, Autre, Adhesive fracture, Control and Systems Engineering, Topology optimization, Energy release rate, Software
Abstract

International audience; In the context of more electrical aircraft, electromechanical de-icing systems provide a low-energy solution to protect aircraft surfaces from ice buildup. Such systems produce deformation of the protected surface leading to stress production within the ice and, ultimately, to ice shedding thanks to fracture. However, these systems may show limitations when it comes to completely protecting a given surface. Ice delamination is often restricted to a part of the surface and the remaining ice either requires more energy to be removed or is just impossible to remove. In this paper, topology optimization of the substrate covered by ice is thus investigated to increase fracture propagation and ice shedding. For that purpose, an optimization problem, involving the energy release rate but also the mass and the substrate stress, is formulated. The numerical results show how the delamination efficiency of mechanical-based ice protection systems can be improved through the topologymodification of the substrate.

Published
2022
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10. Electro-mechanical Resonant Ice Protection Systems: Power requirements for fractures initiation and propagation

Author

Valérie Pommier-Budinger, Valerian Palanque, Marc Budinger, Lokman Bennani, David Delsart, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), ONERA / DMPE, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), DMAS, ONERA [Lille], ONERA, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], 020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, business.industry, Computation, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Low frequency, 01 natural sciences, Piezoelectricity, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Power (physics), Electro-mechanical, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0203 mechanical engineering, Flexural strength, Design criteria, De-icing, 0103 physical sciences, Fracture (geology), Shear stress, business, Piezo-electricity
Abstract

International audience; This article focuses on resonant ice protection systems and studies fracture mechanisms at work for flexural modes having frequencies lower than100 kHz. The objective is to study the power required for fracture initiation and propagation in this frequency range. Two types of deicing mechanisms are studied in this paper: tensile stress dominant flexural modes and shear stress dominant flexural modes. Criteria are introduced to enable the comparison between these deicing mechanisms according to their power requirements and the selection of the most promising configurations. Eventually, the numerical results are compared to experiments to verify assumptions and computations. The contribution of this article is to put forward power-efficient de-icing configurations for resonant electromechanical de-icing systems using flexural modes. Low frequency flexural modes appear to be less power consuming for both mechanisms. Tensile stress dominant flexural modes have lower power requirements than shear stress dominant modes. The instantaneous peak power requirement to cover 90% of the area is estimated to be 5.5 kW/m².

Published
2021
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11. Electro-mechanical Resonant Ice Protection Systems: Energetic and Power Considerations

Author

Marc Budinger, Aurélien Reysset, Valérie Pommier-Budinger, Valerian Palanque, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Département Conception et conduite des véhicules Aéronautiques et Spatiaux (DCAS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), ONERA / DMPE, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Strain energy release rate, 020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Materials science, Design, Ice protection system, Electro-mechanical actuator, Aerospace Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, 01 natural sciences, Finite element method, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Power (physics), Vibration, Mécanique des structures, Cohesive zone model, 0203 mechanical engineering, Flexural strength, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Deicing, Reduction (mathematics)
Abstract

International audience; This article focuses on resonant ice protection systems and proposes key performance indicators to analyze the performances of such systems with respect to levels of energy, force, and power required for de-icing. The principle of these systems is to apply vibrations or ultrasonic waves onto the structure that create high-level stresses greater than those required to crack and delaminate to remove the ice accumulated on the structure. The computation of the indicators requires two values: the ice adhesion strength and the critical strain energy release rate. Computations are performed assuming three stages of a de-icing mechanism: firstly an initiation of cohesive fractures by tensile stress at the top surface of the ice layer, secondly, a propagation of cohesive fractures within the ice and thirdly a propagation of adhesive fractures at the ice/substrate interface starting from the base of the cohesive fractures previously created. The proposed key performance indicators provide guidance on the use of flexural and extensional modes in resonant ice protection systems and on the frequency range to favor when looking at fractures initiation and propagation. Calculations based on the key performance indicators show a potential power reduction by ten with resonant electro-mechanical de-icing systems compared to electro-thermal systems.

Published
2021
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12. A methodology to integrate reliability into the conceptual design of safety-critical multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles

Author

Jonathan Liscouët, Félix Pollet, Joël Jézégou, Marc Budinger, Scott Delbecq, Jean-Marc Moschetta, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Concordia University (CANADA), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Département Conception et conduite des véhicules Aéronautiques et Spatiaux - DCAS (Toulouse, France), Concordia University [Montreal], Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Controllability, Flight dynamics, Certification, Fault tolerance, Battery, Aerospace Engineering, Estimation model, Reliability, Model-based design, Fault-tolerance, Autre, Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO), Model Based Design, Airworthiness regulations, Regulations
Abstract

International audience; This article introduces a new conceptual design methodology to evaluate and explore underactuated electric multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designs for safety-critical applications. A case study focusing on medical transport in an urban environment demonstrates the methodology's effectiveness. The current state of the art does not provide conceptual design methodologies that integrate reliability considerations for multirotor UAVs. The proposed methodology addresses this gap by developing systematic reliability calculation and introducing sizing based on failure cases. For this purpose, controllability and reliability analysis methods are developed and linked to an analytical sizing methodology. The controllability analysis is based on the available control authority index adapted for failure case assessment and reliability analysis. The link between the controllability analysis and the sizing methodology is achieved by introducing failure case sizing factors. The sizing relies on a modern analytical database-free methodology with multidisciplinary design optimization for design customization and computational efficiency. This methodology is developed with new design models to cover failure cases in forward flights. When applied to the case study, the methodology efficiently evaluates and compares five concepts and indicates that only two comply with both the safety and reliability requirements and mission specifications (payload and range). More specifically, the methodology shows the major impact of reliability considerations on the case study with sizing factors that almost double or triple the required rotor thrusts depending on the design. This methodology is applicable to challenging future multirotor UAV applications that require to demonstrate high safety levels and redundancies, such as urban air taxis, flying ambulances, and search and rescue and medical equipment transport.

Published
2022
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13. Trajectory and design optimization of multirotor drones with system simulation

Author

Nathalie Bartoli, Clément Coic, Marc Budinger, Scott Delbecq, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), MODELON, ONERA / DTIS, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], 0209 industrial biotechnology, Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Drone, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, 0203 mechanical engineering, Control theory, CONCEPTION, OPTIMISATION MULTIDISCIPLINAIRE, Trajectory, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [MATH]Mathematics [math], Multirotor, DRONE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021
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14. Benchmarking of monolithic MDO formulations and derivative computation techniques using OpenMDAO

Author

Aurélien Reysset, Marc Budinger, Scott Delbecq, Département Conception et conduite des véhicules Aéronautiques et Spatiaux (DCAS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Mathematical optimization, Control and Optimization, Scale (ratio), Computer science, Computation, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Multidisciplinary design optimization, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, 0203 mechanical engineering, Autre, Robustness (computer science), Thrust vector control, Robustness, Sizing, 020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Reducer, Electro-mechanical actuator, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Computer Science Applications, Control and Systems Engineering, Coupled systems, Engineering design process, Software
Abstract

International audience; The design optimization of coupled systems requires the implementation of multidisciplinary design optimization techniques in order to obtain consistent and optimal solutions. The associated research topics include the development of optimization algorithms, computational frameworks, and multidisciplinary design optimization formulations. This paper presents a benchmarking of the combination of monolithic formulations and derivative computation techniques. The monolithic formulations include typical literature formulations as well as new normalized variable hybrid formulation. A novel test problem is proposed which consists in the sizing of a space launcher thrust vector control electro-mechanical actuator. Solving the single multidisciplinary coupling present in this problem is complex due to the possibility to face one, two, or no solutions depending on the external load and reducer gear ratio configuration. A larger scale version of this test problem is also proposed and tested by adding a high degree of freedom point-to-point trajectory. The tests are carried out in order to obtain typical performance criteria but also some proposed additional robustness criteria such as variation of the initial conditions or the external load scale. These additional criteria are particularly relevant in an industrial engineering design context where knowledge capitalization and reuse are sought. The most significant findings are the interesting performances of the new formulation in terms of computational cost and the robustness. Furthermore, the effect of the choice of derivative computation strategy on different performance criteria is assessed for the original and larger scale problem, and thus underlines the benefits of full analytic gradient-based optimization.

Published
2020
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15. Efficient sizing and optimization of multirotor drones based on scaling laws and similarity models

Author

Marc Budinger, Aurélien Reysset, Francois Defay, Scott Delbecq, Aitor Ochotorena, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Département Conception et conduite des véhicules Aéronautiques et Spatiaux (DCAS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Mathematical optimization, Optimization problem, Similarity (geometry), Process (engineering), Computer science, Multidisciplinary design optimization, UAV, Aerospace Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Sizing, Multidisciplinary Design Optimization, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Reduction (complexity), Monotonicity analysis, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Autre, Multirotor drones, Design methodology, 0103 physical sciences, Multirotor, Design methods
Abstract

International audience; In contrast to the current overall aircraft design techniques, the design of multirotor vehicles generally consists of skill-based selection procedures or is based on pure empirical approaches. The application of a systemic approach provides better design performance and the possibility to rapidly assess the effect of changes in the requirements. This paper proposes a generic and efficient sizing methodology for electric multirotor vehicles which allows to optimize a configuration for different missions and requirements. Starting from a set of algebraic equations based on scaling laws and similarity models, the optimization problem representing the sizing can be formulated in many manners. The proposed methodology shows a significant reduction in the number of function evaluations in the optimization process due to a thorough suppression of inequality constraints when compared to initial problem formulation. The results are validated by comparison to characteristics of existing multirotors. In addition, performance predictions of these configurations are performed for different flight scenarios and payloads.

Published
2020
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18. A survey of icephobic coatings and their potential use in a hybrid coating/active ice protection system for aerospace applications

Author

Elmar Bonaccurso, Philippe Villedieu, Xiao Huang, Marc Budinger, Valérie Pommier-Budinger, Lokman Bennani, Nick Tepylo, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Département de Mathématiques, Informatique, Automatique ( DMIA ), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace ( ISAE-SUPAERO ), Institut Clément Ader ( ICA ), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace ( ISAE-SUPAERO ) -IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux ( IMT Mines Albi ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Airbus Groups Innovations, ONERA, Université de Toulouse ( ONERA, Université de Toulouse (F-31055 Toulouse - France) ), ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (MAE), Carleton University, Département Conception et conduite des véhicules Aéronautiques et Spatiaux (DCAS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Airbus Defence and Space Germany, ONERA / DMPE, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Airbus (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Carleton University (CANADA), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), and Département Modèles pour l'Aérodynamique et l'Énergétique - DMAE (Toulouse, France)

Subjects
Icephobic coating, Ice adhesion, Electro-mechanical de-icing, Aerospace Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 0203 mechanical engineering, Coating, [ SPI.NRJ ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, 0103 physical sciences, Hybrid ice protection system, Aerospace engineering, Aerospace, 020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Expediting, Ice protection system, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, De-icing, 13. Climate action, Mechanics of Materials, Hybrid system, engineering, Ice nucleus, Environmental science, Anti-icing, Mécanique des matériaux, Biomimetics, business
Abstract

International audience; Icephobic coatings for aircraft and other surfaces subjected to ice accretion have generated great interest in the past two decades, due to the advancement of nanomaterials, coating fabrication methods, biomimetics, and a more in-depth understanding of ice nucleation and ice adhesion. Icephobic coatings have demonstrated the ability to repel water droplets, delay ice nucleation and significantly reduce ice adhesion. Despite these ongoing research activities and promising results, the findings reported hereafter suggest that coatings alone cannot be used for aircraft anti-icing and de-icing operations; rather, they should be considered as a complementary option to either thermal or mechanical ice protection methods, for reducing power consumption and the ecological footprint of these active systems and for expediting ground de-icing operations. This paper will first review the state-of-the-art of icephobic coatings for various applications, including their performance and existing deficiencies. The second part of this paper focuses on aerospace anti-icing and de-icing requirements and the need for hybrid systems to provide a complete ice protection solution. Lastly, several urgent issues facing further development in the field are discussed.

Published
2019
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19. Multi-physics Modeling of Technological Systems

Author

Marc Budinger, Ion Hazyuk, Clément Coïc, Marc Budinger, Ion Hazyuk, and Clément Coïc

Subjects
Engineering models
Abstract

The development of mechatronic and multidomain technological systems requires the dynamic behavior to be simulated before detailed CAD geometry is available. This book presents the fundamental concepts of multiphysics modeling with lumped parameters. The approach adopted in this book, based on examples, is to start from the physical concepts, move on to the models and their numerical implementation, and finish with their analysis. With this practical problem-solving approach, the reader will gain a deep understanding of multiphysics modeling of mechatronic or technological systems – mixing mechanical power transmissions, electrical circuits, heat transfer devices and electromechanical or fluid power actuators. Most of the book's examples are made using Modelica platforms, but they can easily be implemented in other 0D/1D multidomain physical system simulation environments such as Amesim, Simulink/Simscape, VHDL-AMS and so on.

Published
2019

20. Electromechanical resonant ice protection systems: numerical investigation through a phase-field mixed adhesive/brittle fracture model

Author

Marc Budinger, Lokman Bennani, Alexis Marbœuf, Valérie Pommier-Budinger, ONERA / DMPE, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Phase-field methods, FRACTURE MECHANICS, Work (thermodynamics), PHASE-FIELD METHODS, Materials science, Field (physics), ELECTROMECHANICAL DE-ICING, 0211 other engineering and technologies, MODELISATION NUMERIQUE, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, ADHESIVE DEBONDING, Stress (mechanics), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Autre, 0203 mechanical engineering, FRACTURE MECHANIQUE, Phase (matter), Fracture mechanics, General Materials Science, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, [PHYS]Physics [physics], NUMERICAL MODELLING, Electromechanical de-icing, Mechanical Engineering, DEGIVRAGE ELECTROMAGNETIQUE, Mechanics, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Numerical modelling, Adhesive debonding, Mechanics of Materials, Fracture (geology), Actuator
Abstract

International audience; Electromechanical resonant de-icing systems provide a low-energy solution against ice accumulation on aircraft. Recent researches show a growing interest towards these systems in the context of more electrical aircraft. Electrome-chanical de-icing systems consists in electric actuators producing stress within the ice, through micro-vibrations of the surface to be protected, leading to bulk or adhesive failure and, ultimately, ice shedding. The understanding of the mechanisms at play is of prime importance in order to design efficient ice protection systems. Despite a large number of studies in the literature, there is still a lack when dealing with fracture propagation phenomena in this context. In this work the authors propose a model based on the well established phase-field variational approach to fracture. The approach is applied to the study of crack propagation and debonding of ice under the effect of an electromechanical resonant de-icing system. Numerical experiments are performed in order to assess possible ice shedding mechanisms.

Published
2020
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21. Scaling laws and similarity models for the preliminary design of multirotor drones

Author

Marc Budinger, Aitor Ochotorena, Scott Delbecq, Aurélien Reysset, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Département Conception et conduite des véhicules Aéronautiques et Spatiaux (DCAS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Aerospace Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Bridge (nautical), 010305 fluids & plasmas, Propulsion system, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Autre, Surrogate models, Multirotor drones, 0103 physical sciences, Reliability (statistics), Physical law, media_common, Landing gear, Scaling laws, Dimensional analysis, Drone, Variety (cybernetics), Interdependence, Key (cryptography), Systems engineering, Multirotor
Abstract

International audience; Multirotor drones modelling and parameter estimation have gained great interest because of their vast application for civil, industrial, military and agricultural purposes. At the preliminary design level the challenge is to develop lightweight models which remain representative of the physical laws and the system interdependencies. Based on the dimensional analysis, this paper presents a variety of modelling approaches for the estimation of the functional parameters and characteristics of the key components of the system. Through this work a solid framework is presented for helping bridge the gaps between optimizing idealized models and selecting existing components from a database. Special interest is given to the models in terms of reliability and error. The results are compared for various existing drone platforms with different requirements and their differences discussed.

Published
2020
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22. Electro-mechanical Resonant Ice Protection Systems: Initiation of Fractures with Piezoelectric Actuators

Author

Marc Budinger, Marc Wetterwald, Valérie Pommier-Budinger, Florent Huet, Pierrick Rouset, Elmar Bonaccurso, Fabien Dezitter, Département Conception et conduite des véhicules Aéronautiques et Spatiaux (DCAS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Airbus Operation S.A.S., Airbus [France], Département de Mathématiques, Informatique, Automatique (DMIA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Airbus Helicopters, Aeroport International de Marseille-Provence, Airbus Groups Innovations, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Airbus (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)

Subjects
Materials science, Mécanique des fluides, Modal analysis, Aerospace Engineering, Mechanical engineering, Ice Protection Systems, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], 0203 mechanical engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Shear stress, Deicing, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Ice protection system, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Piezoelectricity, Finite element method, Computer Science::Other, Vibration, Fracture, Fracture (geology), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Piezoelectric, Voltage
Abstract

International audience; Recent research is showing growing interest in low-power electromechanical de-icing systems and, in particular, de-icing systems based on piezoelectric actuators. These systems use the vibrations generated by piezoelectric actuators at resonance frequencies to produce shear stress at the interface between the ice and the support or to produce tensile stress in the ice. Many configurations of de-icing systems using piezoelectric actuators have been tested and showed that piezoelectric actuation may be a viable ice removal system. If the many experimental studies already achieved have the advantage to present tests in different configurations, they often lack analysis of the phenomena, which limits the optimization opportunities. This paper proposes a computational method for estimating voltages and currents of a piezoelectric de-icing system to initiate cohesive fractures in the ice or adhesive fractures at the ice/support interface. The computational method is validated by comparing numerical results with experimental results. Other contributions of this paper are the study of the types of mode (extensional or flexural) and of the frequency range with respect to de-icing performances and the proposal of some general rules for designing such systems while limiting their electric power consumption.

Published
2018
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23. Electro-mechanical Resonant Ice Protection Systems: Analysis of Fracture Propagation Mechanisms

Author

Pierrick Rouset, Elmar Bonaccurso, Valérie Pommier-Budinger, Marc Budinger, Fabien Dezitter, Lokman Bennani, Airbus (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département de Mathématiques, Informatique, Automatique (DMIA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), ONERA / DMPE, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, Airbus central R&T, AI research, Airbus Helicopters, Aeroport International de Marseille-Provence, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (SUPAERO), Ecole Nationale de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace, Airbus [France], Airbus Groups Innovations, Institut Clément Ader ( ICA ), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace ( ISAE-SUPAERO ) -IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux ( IMT Mines Albi ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace ( ISAE-SUPAERO ), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab ( Toulouse ), ONERA, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)

Subjects
Materials science, TENSILE STRESS, Modal analysis, SHEAR STRESS, Adhesive, Aerospace Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Ice protection systems, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics::Geophysics, Stress (mechanics), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0203 mechanical engineering, [ SPI.NRJ ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, 0103 physical sciences, Shear stress, Deicing, ELECTROMECHANICAL DE-ICING SYSTEMS, Automatique / Robotique, Stress intensity factor, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Strain energy release rate, COHESIVE AND ADHESIVE FRACTURES, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Ice protection system, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS, Cohesive, Fracture mechanics, Mechanics, Fracture, Fracture (geology), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Energy release rate
Abstract

International audience; Recent research is showing growing interest in low-power electromechanical de-icing systems and, in particular, de-icing systems based on piezoelectric actuators. These systems use the vibrations generated by piezoelectric actuators at resonance frequencies to produce shear stress at the interface between the ice and the support or to produce tensile stress in the ice. This paper provides analytical and numerical models enabling a better understanding of the main de-icing mechanisms of resonant actuation systems. Different possible ice-shedding mechanisms involving cohesive and adhesive fractures are analyzed with an approach combining modal, stress, and crack propagation analyses. Simple analytical models are proposed to better understand the effects on ice shedding of the type of mode, ice thickness, or frequency with respect to cohesive and adhesive fractures.

Published
2018
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24. Evaluation Of Anti-Icing Polymer Coatings

Author

Pierrick Rouset, Xiao Huang, Marc Budinger, Nick Tepylo, and Valérie Pommier-Budinger

Subjects
Materials science, Polymer coating, Ice adhesion, Composite material, Material technology, Icing
Published
2018
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25. Computer-aided definition of sizing procedures and optimization problems of mechatronic systems

Author

Jean-Charles Maré, Aurélien Reysset, Marc Budinger, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)

Subjects
system design, Optimal design, Engineering drawing, Optimization problem, matching-ordering algorithm, Computer science, graph theory, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, General Engineering, Control engineering, Graph theory, Mechatronics, optimized sizing procedure, Sizing, Computer Science Applications, Modeling and Simulation, Computer-aided, Systems design
Abstract

International audience; This paper is dedicated to the generation of sizing procedures used during the preliminary optimal design of physical parts of mechatronic systems. The knowledge necessary to such design is composed of 2 layers: mechatronic system layer and component layer. Such knowledge can be represented by algebraic equations directly or by the use of meta-modelling techniques. Constraint networks and graphs theory are used here to represent and order the constraints and the links between those algebraic models in order to obtain a well-posed optimization problem. The selected or developed algorithms are finally illustrated with typical problems of component selection. From models to optimal preliminary design of mechatronics systems Preliminary design of mechatronic systems A mechatronic system [1] expands the capabilities of conventional mechanical systems through the integration of different technological areas around a power transmission part and an information processing part. The references [2] [3] highlight the fact that the design of such multi-domain systems requires different modelling layers as represented in Figure 1: 1. A mechatronic system layer, to take into account the functional and physical coupling between components. This level of modelling is usually done using 0D-1D models also called lumped parameter models represented by algebraic equations, ordinary differential equations (ODE) or differential algebraic equations (DAE) [4]. During preliminary design, these models represent sizing scenarios. Meta-modelling techniques often enable to represent those models by algebraic equations for a quicker optimization [5].

Published
2015
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26. Optimal design of computer experiments for surrogate models with dimensionless variables

Author

Christian Gogu, Ion Hazyuk, Marc Budinger, Florian Sanchez, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Optimal design, Physics::General Physics, Mathematical optimization, Control and Optimization, Optimization problem, Relation (database), Computation, dimensional analysis, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 010104 statistics & probability, 0103 physical sciences, Optimal space filling, 0101 mathematics, Mathematics, Variable (mathematics), surrogate modelling, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, optimization with space transformation, Computer experiment, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Computer Science Applications, Control and Systems Engineering, non-dimensional variables, Engineering design process, Software
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents a method for constructing optimal design of experiments (DoE) intended for building surrogate models using dimensionless (or non-dimensional) variables. In order to increase the fidelity of the model obtained by regression, the DoE needs to optimally cover the dimensionless space. However, in order to generate the data for the regression, one still needs a DoE for the physical variables, in order to carry out the simulations. Thus, there exist two spaces, each one needing a DoE. Since the dimensionless space is always smaller than the physical one, the challenge for building a DoE is that the relation between the two spaces is not bijective. Moreover, each space usually has its own domain constraints, which renders them not-surjective. This means that it is impossible to design the DoE in one space and then automatically generate the corresponding DoE in the other space while satisfying the constraints from both spaces. The solution proposed in the paper transforms the computation of the DoE into an optimization problem formulated in terms of a space-filling criterion (maximizing the minimum distance between neighboring points). An approach is proposed for efficiently solving this optimization problem in a two steps procedure. The method is particularly well suited for building surrogates in terms of dimensionless variables spanning several orders of magnitude (e.g. power laws). The paper also proposes some variations of the method; one when more control is needed on the number of levels on each non-dimensional variable and another one when a good distribution of the DoE is desired in the logarithmic scale. The DoE construction method is illustrated on three case studies. A purely numerical case illustrates each step of the method and two other, mechanical and thermal, case studies illustrate the results in different configurations and different practical aspects.

Published
2017
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27. A framework for sizing embedded mechatronic systems during preliminary design

Author

Florian Sanchez, Scott Delbecq, Ion Hazyuk, Marc Budinger, Jérôme Piaton, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Finite-state machine, Computer science, Ode, Control engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Energy consumption, Mechatronics, Python (programming language), Manufacturing engineering, Sizing, Dynamic simulation, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, 0203 mechanical engineering, Control and Systems Engineering, Design methods, computer, computer.programming_language
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents a Python framework for the preliminary design of embedded mechatronic systems. Mechatronic systems have the particularity to involve several levels of design and several technologies. In addition, embedded systems introduce to the design problem specific constraints like energy consumption, resistance/impact to/on environment, geometrical integration and reliability. In order to support the designer in satisfying these constraints, a Model-Based Design methodology and the corresponding framework is proposed. Models used during preliminary design of such multi-domain systems come from several disciplines and have different scales: distributed parameters (3D FEM, 3D CFD) for local level, lumped parameters (1D/0D, ODE/ADE) and state machine for global level. The dynamic simulation through 0D-1D models of the system to be designed is commonly used to validate architectural choices and preliminary sizing that requires multi-disciplinary optimization. Unfortunately, optimization can not only apply to the system level and resort to 3D models cannot be avoided, even during the early design phases. The proposed framework aims at implementing the optimization loops at both local and global levels in an open source environment. The proposed framework’s features will be underlined through a case study - a rotary electromechanical actuator for primary flight control.

Published
2017

28. A framework for the conceptual and preliminary design of embedded mechatronic systems

Author

Scott Delbecq, Tajan, F., Marc Budinger, Jean-Charles MARE, Florian Sanchez, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Dynamic models, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Surrogate models, Design tools, Preliminary Design, Electromechanical actuator, Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO), Acausal models, Model-Based Design
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents a Python framework for the preliminary design of embedded mechatronic systems. Mechatronic systems have the particularity to involve several levels of design and several technologies. In addition, embedded systems introduce to the design problem specific constraints like energy consumption, resistance/impact to/on environment, mass, geometrical integration and reliability. In order to support the designer in satisfying these constraints, a Model-Based Design methodology and corresponding framework is proposed. Models used during preliminary design of such multi-domain systems come from several disciplines and have different scales: distributed parameters (3D Finite Element Method (FEM), 3D Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD)) for local level, lumped parameters (1D/0D, Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE), Algebraic Differential Equations (ADE)) and state machine for global level. The dynamic simulation through 0D-1D models of the system to be designed is commonly used to validate architectural choices and preliminary sizing that require multi-disciplinary optimization. Unfortunately, optimization can not only apply to the system level and resort to 3D models cannot be avoided, even during the early design phases. The proposed framework aims at implementing the optimization loops at both local and global levels in an open source environment. It will be illustrated through a case study that deals with the preliminary design of a linear electromechanical flight control actuator.

Published
2017

29. Dimensional analysis and surrogate models for the thermal modeling of Multiphysics systems

Author

Ion Hazyuk, Marc Budinger, Florian Sanchez, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Polynomial, Engineering, Surrogate modeling, 020209 energy, Multiphysics, Thermal resistance, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Mechanical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Aerospace actuators, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Response surface methodology, Kriging, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Convection cooling, Applied mathematics, Radial basis function, Variable (mathematics), business.industry, Dimensional analysis, Finite element method, Thermal modeling, [SPI.MECA.THER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], Actuator, business
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents an original form of surrogate models and the associated construction procedure adapted to the thermal modeling of Multiphysics systems. This method of meta-modeling, which uses dimensional analysis, extracts compact models suitable for preliminary design from finite element simulations. The mathematical expression used for the model is a product of variable power laws of dimensionless numbers. Compared to traditional surrogate models (polynomial response surfaces, kriging and radial basis functions), it has the advantage of giving light, compact forms with good predictive accuracy over a wide range of the design variables (several orders of magnitude). The general regression process is first explained and illustrated with a study of the Marangoni effect. Then the methodology is used to build thermal models of an electromechanical actuator (EMA) which are used to size an aileron EMA for two different cooling strategies. Finally the models are also used to discuss the effect of confinement on the actuator's overall thermal resistance.

Published
2017
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30. Scaling-law-based metamodels for the sizing of mechatronic systems

Author

Amine Fraj, Christian Gogu, Marc Budinger, Jean-Charles Passieux, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Engineering, Mathematical optimization, Polynomial, [PHYS.MECA.GEME]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], preliminary/conceptual design, Kriging, Control theory, scaling laws, Radial basis function, Buckingham theorem, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, surrogate modelling, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, metamodels, Mechatronics, Sizing, Finite element method, components sizing, [SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], Computer Science Applications, Metamodeling, Range (mathematics), Control and Systems Engineering, business
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents a new metamodel form and associated construction procedure adapted to the sizing tasks of mechatronics systems. This method of meta-modeling uses scaling laws to extract compact forms of design models from local numerical simulations (FEM). Compared to traditional metamodels (polynomial response surfaces, kriging radial basis function) the scaling-law-based metamodels have the advantage of a light, compact form and good predictive accuracy over a wide range of the design variables (several orders of magnitude). The general regression process is first explained and then illustrated on different examples: a purely numerical test function, a limited angle electromagnetic actuator and a flexible mechanical hinge.

Published
2014
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31. Analysis of piezoelectric ice protection systems combined with ice-phobic coatings

Author

Marc Budinger, Xiao Huang, Valérie Pommier-Budinger, Nicolas Tepylo, Carleton University (CANADA), and Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE)

Subjects
020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Materials science, business.industry, Delamination, De-icing systems, Mechanical engineering, Electromechanical actuator, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Protection system, Piezoelectric transducer, 01 natural sciences, Piezoelectricity, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Power (physics), Ultrasonic actuator, 0203 mechanical engineering, Autre, 0103 physical sciences, Shear stress, Ice adhesion, Piezoelectric actuators, business, Voltage
Abstract

The aeronautics industry is looking for ice protection systems consuming less energy. Electromechanical and especially piezoelectric solutions are a promising area of research for reducing average consumptions. This article provides an analytical model of a simple structure to assess the power and voltage required to obtain the delamination of the accumulated layer of ice at the support/ice interface. This model also allows analyzing the impact of the resonance frequencies used for supplying piezoelectric actuators on the tensile stress into PZT materials. Finally, this article assesses the effect of different ice-phobic coatings combined with piezoelectric ice protection systems. Experimental measurements of ice adhesion for different ice-phobic coatings allow evaluating the shear stress at which ice is detached from the surface. These results are then used to estimate - thanks to the proposed analytical model - the additional gain of power that would be provided by the use of such coatings.

Published
2016

32. Ultrasonic Ice Protection Systems: Analytical and Numerical Models for Architecture Tradeoff

Author

Marc Budinger, Valérie Pommier-Budinger, Gael Napias, Arthur Costa da Silva, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)

Subjects
Engineering, de-icing systems, Acoustics, Aerospace Engineering, Electromechanical actuator, 02 engineering and technology, Pre-stressed Langevin actuator, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ultrasonic actuator, 0203 mechanical engineering, Autre, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic engineering, pre-stressed Langevin actuator, electromechanical actuator, 020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Ice protection system, Computer simulation, business.industry, De-icing systems, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Energy consumption, Piezoelectric transducer, Piezoelectricity, Finite element method, Transducer, PMUT, Ultrasonic sensor, piezoelectric transducer, business, ultrasonic actuator
Abstract

International audience; Protection systems against ice conventionally use thermal, pneumatic or electro-thermal solutions. However, they are characterized by high energy consumption. This article focuses on low-consumption electromechanical deicing solutions based on piezoelectric transducers. After a review of the state of the art to identify the main features of electromechanical de-icing devices, piezoelectric transducer-based architectures are studied. Analytical models validated by numerical simulations allow trend studies to be performed which highlight the resonance modes and the ultrasonic frequency ranges that lead to low-consumption, compact ultrasonic deicing devices. Finally, de-icing systems widely studied with bonded ceramics and de-icing systems less usual with Langevin pre-stressed piezoelectric transducers are compared and a Langevin piezoelectric transducer-based device leading to an interesting compromise is tested.

Published
2016
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33. Optimal design of the Integrated Modular Power Electronics Cabinet

Author

Marc Budinger, Marc Sartor, J. Faucher, Hubert Piquet, Xavier Giraud, Xavier Roboam, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Groupe ENergie Electrique et SYStémique (LAPLACE-GENESYS), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Airbus Operation S.A.S., Airbus [France], Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Optimal design, 020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Mathematical optimization, Engineering, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Combinatorial optimization problem, Aerospace Engineering, Control engineering, multi-physical sizing, 02 engineering and technology, Modular design, Sizing, More Electric Aircraft, Optimal Design, power electronics, 0203 mechanical engineering, Power electronics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Combinatorial optimization, combinatorial optimization, Electric power, business, Combinatorial explosion
Abstract

International audience; This paper deals with a new concept of electrical power distribution system called IMPEC for Integrated Modular Power Electronics Cabinet. The paper defines methods aiming at carrying out an optimal design of IMPEC, the main variables being on one hand the number and size of power electronics module. On the other hand, reconfigurations between these modules and electrical loads are also optimized.The formalization of the problem highlights that designers must deal simultaneously with a combinatorial explosion and a multi-physical system sizing. The main objective of the study is to propose a methodological framework for solving this original optimal design problem. A heuristic-based algorithm is developed to solve this combinatorial optimization problem. A particular attention is paid to develop a weight estimation procedure using generic sizing models. Finally a mapping is performed to identify the best solutions and to highlight the technological components having the most significant sensitivity on the complete system weight.

Published
2016
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34. Future Challenges in Mechatronics

Author

Alexandre Arnold, Nicolas Albarello, and Marc Budinger

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Product (category theory), Mechatronics, Aerospace, business, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, Manufacturing engineering, Field (computer science)
Abstract

In the aerospace industry, mastering the design of mechatronic systems is a major requirement. Indeed, a big part of programme cost is spent on the design of these systems, which also represent a big part of the product performance. In this chapter, some of the main challenges that industries will face in coming years in the field of mechatronics are exposed. These challenges deal with the design of mechatronic systems, their verification/validation and their operation.

Published
2016
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35. Scaling laws based metamodels for the selection of the cooling strategy of electromechanical actuators in the early design stages

Author

Jean-Charles Maré, Stéphane Colin, Ion Hazyuk, Florian Sanchez, Marc Budinger, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Engineering, Torque motor, business.industry, Process (engineering), Mechanical Engineering, Design of experiments, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Control engineering, motor cooling, Finite element method, Computer Science Applications, design of experiments, natural convection heat transfer coefficient, Control and Systems Engineering, Control theory, Simple (abstract algebra), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Aerospace, business, Actuator, vertical cylinder, Implementation, forced convection
Abstract

International audience; The integration of electromechanical actuation systems for aerospace applications requires additional thermal stress considerations during the preliminary design, which were not necessary within the hydraulic technology. The favored models during this design phase are simple, continuous and explicit mathematical expressions to enable easy analytical manipulations or implementations in worksheets or optimization loops. The paper shows how such models can be obtained for the desired applications, illustrating the example of a Limited Angle Torque Motor (LATM) with different cooling strategies. The used method for gathering the models is a regression process on data obtained by finite element simulations. The originality of the method stands in the physical insight of the regression function which is based on scaling laws and dimensional analysis. An example of preliminary design of a LATM illustrates the use of the obtained models for the comparison of two possible architectures intended to minimize the mass of the actuator by implementing different cooling strategies. Abbreviations 3D three-dimensional DDV Direct Drive Valve DoE Design of Experiments LATM Limited Angle Torque Motor RMS Root Mean Square SLAWMM Scaling-LAW-based MetaModels Nomenclature β air thermal expansion coefficient [1/K] ∆θ difference between the winding temperature and bulk temperature of the fluid [K] λ fluid thermal conductivity [W/mK] µ fluid dynamic viscosity [kg/ms] π i dimensionless numbers [−] ρ fluid density [kg/m 3 ] ρ Cu copper density [kg/m 3 ] ρ el electrical resistivity [Ωm] τ copper volume fraction in the copper-resin mixture [−] θ temperature [ • C] or [K] ϕ heat flow rate density [W/m 2 ] * Corresponding author. Tel.: +33 (0)5 67048823; fax: +33 (0)5 61559950 Email address: ion.hazyuk@insa-toulouse.fr (Ion Hazyuk) B r remanent induction of the permanent magnet [T ] C p fluid specific heat capacity [J/kgK] D motor diameter [m] d i geometric dimensions [m] e air gap of the motor [m] g gravitational acceleration [m/s 2 ] Gr Grashof number [−] h global convective heat transfer coefficient [W/m 2 K] J current density [A/m 2 ] L motor length [m] M mass [kg] Nu Nusselt number [−] Pr Prandtl number [−] Q heat flow rate [W] Re Reynolds number [−] S motor external surface [m 2 ] T electromagnetic torque [Nm] T L linear electromagnetic torque [N] U kerosene velocity in the motor air gap [m/s] V Cu volume of the copper [m 3 ]

Published
2015
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36. Analytical Modeling for the Design of a Piezoelectric Rotating-Mode Motor

Author

B. Nogarede, J.-F. Rouchon, Marc Budinger, Laboratoire de Génie Mécanique de Toulouse (LGMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
rotating-mode, Engineering, Mechanical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Quantitative Biology::Subcellular Processes, Analytical modeling, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, contact modeling, Electronic circuit, 010302 applied physics, piezoelectric motor, business.industry, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, equivalent circuit, Mode (statistics), global modeling, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Piezoelectricity, Computer Science Applications, Transducer, Control and Systems Engineering, Motor design, Piezoelectric motor, Equivalent circuit, 0210 nano-technology, business, Global modeling
Abstract

International audience; —This paper deals with the analytical modeling of a rotating mode motor. The modeling, based on an equivalent electric circuit, is established by using geometrical and electromechanical parameters for the different parts of the motor. It gives electro-mechanical characteristics and other useful values for motor design. Numerical simulations and measurements from a real transducer validate the analysis.

Published
2004
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37. Sizing optimization of piezoelectric smart structures with meta-modeling techniques for dynamic applications

Author

Marc Budinger, Valérie Pommier-Budinger, Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Département de Mathématiques, Informatique, Automatique (DMIA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Structure (mathematical logic), Mathematical optimization, Engineering, Bending (metalworking), Dynamic reduced model, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Matériaux, Control engineering, Function (mathematics), Finite Element, Condensed Matter Physics, Sizing, Finite element method, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Metamodeling, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Piezoelectric smart structures, Set (abstract data type), Design objective, Mechanics of Materials, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Meta-model
Abstract

International audience; This article shows an efficient method with a high industrial applicability to design piezoelectric smart structures for dynamic applications. This method allows sizing structures with requirements of dynamic displacements. The first step of this method consists in extracting dynamic reduced models from Finite Element simulations which will enable us to obtain a model for any structure, whatever its complexity, as opposed to analytical modeling methods. These models are computed for a set of design parameters. Then a meta-model, which is a simplified descriptive model of other models, is computed as a surface response model that expresses the design objectives and constraints as a function of the design variables. The combination of the results stemming from the meta-model allows working out the optimal values of the design parameters. The main advantage of the proposed method is to enable the quick design exploration of structures. As an example, the method is applied to a flexible structure whose dynamic displacements need to be controlled in bending and twisting. The theoretical results are validated in the end by experiments.

Published
2014
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38. Scaling-law-based metamodels for the sizing of actuation systems

Author

Marc Budinger, Ion Hazyuk, Sanchez, F., Jean-Charles MARE, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)

Subjects
[PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph]
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents a new metamodel form and associated construction procedure adapted to the sizing tasks of mechatronics systems. This method of meta-modeling uses scaling laws to extract compact forms of design models from local numerical simulations. Compared to traditional metamodels (polynomial response surfaces, kriging radial basis function) the scaling-law-based metamodels have the advantage of a light, compact form and good predictive accuracy over a wide range of the design variables (several orders of magnitude). The general regression process is first explained and then illustrated with a limited angle electromagnetic actuator example.

Published
2014

39. Optimal preliminary design of electromechanical actuators

Author

Marc Budinger, Jean-Charles Maré, Aurélien Reysset, Toufic El Halabi, Catalin Vasiliu, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)

Subjects
Engineering, Modelica, Aerospace Engineering, Degrees of freedom (mechanics), Electromechanical actuator, Control theory, scaling laws, Response surface methodology, electromechanical actuator, Flexibility (engineering), business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Process (computing), inverse simulation, Control engineering, Inverse problem, spoiler, design exploration, inverse problem, flight control, business, Actuator, Response Surface Methodology, Meta-Models
Abstract

This paper presents a methodology for the optimal preliminary design of electro-mechanical actuators. The main design drivers, design parameters and degrees of freedom that can be used for preliminary design and optimization of electro mechanical actuator are described. The different types of models used for model-based design (estimation, simulation, evaluation and meta-model), and their associations are presented. The process preferred for its effectiveness in terms of flexibility, and computational time is then described and illustrated with the example of a spoiler electromechanical actuator. The proposed approach, based on meta-models obtained using the surfaces response methods and scaling laws models, is used to explore the influence of anchorage points and transmission ratio on the different design constraints and the overall mass of the actuator.

Published
2013
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40. Modelica Preliminary Design Library for Electromechanical Actuators

Author

Tomas Ros, Marc Budinger, Reysset, A., Jean-Charles MARE, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)

Subjects
[PHYS.MECA.MSMECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; no abstract

Published
2013

41. Load allocation problem for optimal design of aircraft electrical power system

Author

Marc Budinger, Marc Sartor, Sebastien Vial, Bruno Sareni, Xavier Giraud, Xavier Roboam, Hubert Piquet, Airbus Operation S.A.S., Airbus [France], Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Groupe ENergie Electrique et SYStémique (LAPLACE-GENESYS), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Airbus (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut Clément Ader - ICA (Toulouse, France), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Optimal design, [SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Mathematical optimization, Engineering, Busbar, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, Autre, Genetic algorithm, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical power system, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Design methods, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021103 operations research, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Operational research problems, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Niching genetic algorithm, Condensed Matter Physics, Systèmes embarqués, Sizing, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Mechanics of Materials, Inverse problem, Systems design, Stochastic optimization, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, Electric power, business
Abstract

International audience; More and more electric systems are embedded in today aircraft. As a result, the complexity of electrical power system design is increasing and the need of generic and efficient design methods is today required. Among numerous design tasks, the allocation of electric systems on the busbars of the electrical power system is considered as an important one since it has a direct impact on the aircraft mass. But due to the high number of possible allocations and regarding the large diversity of potential sizing cases for the equipments, finding the optimal allocation of electric loads is a hard task. In this paper, the problem is formalized mathematically. Then, four stochastic optimization methods are assessed on complex load allocation problems. Based on this assessment, a genetic algorithm using niching method is considered as the most appropriate algorithm for solving this aircraft design problem.

Published
2013
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42. An integrated methodology for the preliminary design of highly reliable electromechanical actuators: Search for architecture solutions

Author

Jonathan Liscouet, Marc Budinger, Jean-Charles Maré, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Engineering, business.industry, Electromechanical actuator (EMA), [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Aerospace Engineering, Control engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Aisle, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Preliminary design, Conceptual design, Steering system, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Systems engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Steering, Nose gear, Architecture, business, Actuator, Design for reliability, Reliability (statistics)
Abstract

International audience; This paper describes an integrated methodology for finding and assessing architectures of electromecha-nical actuators with special attention to safety and reliability. The methodology was developed and applied in the framework of the research project DRESS, which aimed to develop and test a highly reliable electromechanical nose gear steering system for a single aisle commercial aircraft. The present paper introduces the integrated methodology proposed for a more systematic design for safety and reliability. Emphasis is placed on the method for finding the most promising candidate architectures that are compliant with the project requirements in general and the safety and reliability requirements in particular. The results obtained by applying the methodology to the DRESS project are presented and discussed.

Published
2012
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43. Modelling approaches for the simulation-based preliminary design and optimization of electromechanical and hydraulic actuation systems

Author

Marc Budinger, Jean-Charles Maré, T. El Halabi, A. Fraj, C. Negoita, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, Control engineering, System-level simulation, [PHYS.MECA.MSMECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], Sizing, law.invention, Metamodeling, Set (abstract data type), Hydraulic cylinder, Software, Aileron, law, business, Actuator, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

This communication proposes to combine non causal modeling, metamodeling and scaling laws in order to take advantage of the inverse simulation capabilities of recent system level simulation software with the main target to assess technological alternatives quantitatively from a limited set of required data. The scaling laws are illustrated here for major hydraulic components (hydraulic cylinders and pumps) and are validated with manufacturers’ data. The proposed methodology is illustrated with the preliminary sizing of an electro-hydrostatic actuator driving an aircraft primary flight control surface (aileron). The design exploration for geometrical integration and mass is realized using to surface response models.

Published
2012
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44. Estimation models for the preliminary design of electromechanical actuators

Author

Marc Budinger, Jonathan Liscouet, Jean-Charles Maré, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Engineering, more electric aircraft, Aerospace Engineering, [PHYS.MECA.GEME]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], model-based design, 02 engineering and technology, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Reliability (semiconductor), 0203 mechanical engineering, Airframe, Model-based design, scaling laws, Aerospace, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Control engineering, electro-mechanical actuator, Mechatronics, Sizing, estimation model, preliminary design, Power (physics), Computer Science::Other, [SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, power-by-wire, Actuator, business
Abstract

International audience; This article presents estimation models for the model-based preliminary design of electromechanical actuators. Models are developed to generate all the parameters required by a multi-objective design, from a limited number of input parameters. This is achieved using scaling laws in order to take advantage of their capability to reflect the physical constraints driving the actuator's component sizing. The proposed approach is illustrated with the major components that are involved in aerospace electromechanical actuator design. The established scaling laws provide the designer with parameters needed for integration into the airframe, power sizing, thermal balance, dynamics, and reliability. The resulting estimation models are validated with industrial data.

Published
2012
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45. Knowledge-based system for aircraft electrical power system reconfiguration

Author

Marc Sartor, Sebastien Vial, Xavier Roboam, Xavier Giraud, Marc Budinger, Hubert Piquet, Airbus Operation S.A.S., Airbus [France], Groupe ENergie Electrique et SYStémique (LAPLACE-GENESYS), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)

Subjects
020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Engineering, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, System reconfiguration, Control reconfiguration, Control engineering, Graph theory, 02 engineering and technology, [PHYS.MECA.MSMECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], Power (physics), Task (project management), Knowledge-based systems, 0203 mechanical engineering, Component (UML), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electric power, business
Abstract

International audience; Aircraft electrical power system (EPS), in charge of supplying power to aircraft electric systems, needs a reconfiguration capability in order to overcome cases of EPS component failures. During the design phase, EPS reconfiguration elicitation is a complex task due to the high number of failure combinations and to the aeronautical operational constraints, which are to be taken into account. Therefore a knowledge-based system is developed in order to help designers for such a task. It is based on the implementation of two different types of rules: mandatory and know-how rules. EPS connectivity is managed by graph-theory algorithms. The knowledge-based system is capable of producing several reconfiguration solutions. The knowledge-based system functioning is illustrated in detail on a simplified EPS. Results on an actual and modern EPS are also presented.

Published
2012
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46. Comparative study of stochastic optimization methods to solve load allocation problem for aircraft electrical power system design

Author

Giraud, X., Marc Sartor, Xavier ROBOAM, Bruno Sareni, Hubert Piquet, Marc Budinger, Vial, S., AIRBUS Operations Ltd., Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Groupe ENergie Electrique et SYStémique (LAPLACE-GENESYS), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
[PHYS.MECA.MSMECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract

International audience; Designers of aircraft electrical power system must allocate electrical systems to the electrical power system busbars. Due to the high number of possible allocations and regarding the large diversity of potential sizing situations, finding the best allocation in order to optimize the electrical power system mass is a difficult task. In this work, several stochastic combinatorial optimization methods are investigated for solving the allocation problem in the context of the more-electrical aircraft.

Published
2012

47. Chaînes de transmission de puissance mécatroniques - Mise en place des modèles d'estimation pour la conception préliminaire

Author

Marc BUDINGER, Jonathan LISCOUET, Fabien HOSPITAL, and Bernard MULTON

Abstract

Les systemes actuels de transmission de puissance reclament des solutions de moins en moins couteuses, mais de plus en plus fiables et legeres, avec par surcroit et dans certains domaines des contraintes de securite et de qualification. De nos jours, des methodologies de modelisation analytique simple, a base de lois d’echelles, s’appliquant aux differents domaines physiques, facilitent la conception preliminaire d’une chaine de transmission. Elles conduisent a une extrapolation rapide des caracteristiques des composants mecatroniques de ces chaines, en prenant en compte les differentes contraintes hydrauliques, electriques, mecaniques, auxquels ces derniers seront soumis. Les parametres issus de ces modeles peuvent etre utilises egalement dans des etudes d’integration geometriques et pour l’aide a la specification des composants.

Published
2011
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49. Modelling approach for the Simulation-Based Preliminary Design of Power Transmissions

Author

Marc Budinger, Stéphane Orieux, Jonathan Liscouet, Jean-Charles Maré, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), ANR-05-RNTL-0028,C6E2 SIMPA2,SIMulation pour le Procédé et l'Automatique 2(2005), European Project: 34092,DRESS, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Engineering, business.product_category, Modelica, [PHYS.MECA.GEME]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Ball screw, modelling, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Software, 0203 mechanical engineering, Model-based design, scaling laws, Probabilistic design, 020301 aerospace & aeronautics, model based design, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Design tool, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, inverse simulation, Control engineering, preliminary design, Computer Science Applications, [SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], Mechanical system, Mechanics of Materials, ball-screw, flight control, business, Roller screw
Abstract

International audience; The promises of Model Based Design have led to the development of numerous methodologies and software tools, especially for the specific or detailed design stages, from controller design to finite element analysis. However, the Model Based Design of actuation systems lacks methodologies and expressive simulation models that are suited to preliminary design, where key technical decisions are taken considering various design alternatives and few available design details. In order to fill this gap, the present paper illustrates how scaling laws and acausal modelling can be used as a design tool, exploiting inverse simulation capabilities to evaluate technological alternatives quantitatively from limited design detail information. The application of the modelling approach is shown for two major components of mechanical transmission systems: roller bearings and ball and roller screws. The scaling laws presented are validated with manufacturers' data. To conclude, the suitability of the proposed methodology is illustrated with the preliminary sizing of an electromechanical actuator for an aircraft primary flight control surface (aileron).

Published
2011
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50. Coupling CAD and system simulation framework for the preliminary design of electromechanical actuators

Author

Fraj, A., Marc Budinger, El Halabi, T., Jean-Charles MARE, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
[PHYS.MECA.MSMECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; no abstract

Published
2010

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