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On 12 October 2019, Kenyan runner Eliud Kipchoge became the first person to run a 'marathon', known as the INEOS 1:59 Challenge, in less than 2 hours in a time of 1:59:40.2. However, his time was not ratified as a world record by World Athletics. We not only explain why this phenomenal achievement was not recognized as a legitimate record but argue his sub 2-h 'marathon' run produced a meaningless 'record' because the feat was not part of a contest. His run was an experiment or time trial spectacle backed by the best scientists, technology, organizers, athletes, conditions, and media coverage money can buy. Four areas buttress our argument: the selective use of technology, the concept of a record, the distinction between a test and contest, and the meaning of a marathon. We conclude by presenting an account of what makes a marathon record meaningful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past decade marathon running events have grown in popularity and numbers worldwide and also in Thailand, but event impacts have not been widely studied. Previous research efforts have focused on mega and major events, which were greater in scale and yielded extremely high levels of media coverage and impacts compared to small-scale events, such as marathon running events. This study's aim was to examine the relationship between event quality, satisfaction, and destination image, and also how the destination image influenced the behavioral intentions of active sport tourists. Research candidates chosen were active participants in major marathon events in Thailand. The results showed a positive relationship between each factor and implied that (a) high service quality running events increased sport tourist satisfaction, (b) satisfaction led to a positive destination image, and (c) perceived positive destination image was related to behavioral intentions. This study provided empirical evidence of how small-scale events impacted destination image, and the destination image created by small-scale events impacted behavioral intentions of active sport tourists. Some limitations existed and future research efforts involving greater numbers of participants or using different data analysis methods are highly recommended, as this may increase the findings' generalizability and predictability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ninety years ago Jim Fixx (1932-1984) was born, author of bestsellers that awakened the general public's interest in recreational jogging as an effective means of maintaining good health. The very example of the author's life story was an inspiration for many to change their lifestyle for the better. However, his sudden death during running training showed that even trained runners cannot exclude health risks that in exceptional cases can be life-threatening. More demanding physical activity, such as running undoubtedly represents, should be preceded by a consultation with a general practitioner. In indicated cases, the specialist in sports medicine should have had a significant say on the basis of the stress test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mass gatherings (MGs) often bring together professionals and organizations that collaborate irregularly or have never engaged in joint working. They involve interaction and communication among multiple and diverse services, which can often prove challenging. Planning such an event is of paramount importance for its success, and interorganizational communication ranks among its most important aspects. Nonetheless, there is limited empirical evidence to support interagency communication in MGs. Objective: This study used the 2017 Athens Marathon (Athens, Greece) as the empirical setting to examine how interorganizational communication was perceived among the multiple public health and safety professionals during the planning and implementation phase of the event. Methods: Data comprised 15 semi-structured in-depth interviews with key informants, direct observations of meetings and the event itself, and documentary analysis. Open coding and thematic analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: Findings indicated three key components of interorganizational communication in such an event: (1) shared situational awareness; (2) interorganizational understanding; and (3) implementing liaison officers. Conclusion: This study outlined the factors that influenced interorganizational communication before and during a MG. Practical implications arising from this study may inform the way organizers of marathons and other mass sporting events can engage in effective interorganizational communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hass v. RhodyCo Productions, 26 Cal. App. 5th 11, 236 Cal. Rptr. 3d 682, 2018 Cal. App. LEXIS 710 (Aug. 13, 2018). The case of Hass v. RhodyCo Productions (2018) [...]

Introduction: There are well-established sex differences in central hemodynamic and cardiac adaptations to endurance exercise; however, controversial evidence suggests that excessive endurance exercise may be related to detrimental cardiovascular adaptations in marathoners. Purpose: To examine left ventricle (LV) structure, LV function, 24-h central hemodynamics and ventricular–vascular coupling in male and female marathoners and recreationally active adults. Methods: 52 marathoners (41 ± 5 years, n = 28 female, completed 6 ± 1 marathons/3 years) and 49 recreationally active controls (42 ± 5 years, n = 25 female) participated in the study. Three-Dimensional Echocardiography (3DE) was used to measure LV mass index and LV longitudinal (LS) circumferential (CS), area (AS), and radial strain (RS). An ambulatory blood pressure (BP) cuff was used to measure 24-h central hemodynamics (BP, pulse wave velocity, PWV, wave reflection index, RIx). Hemodynamic and 3DE measures were combined to derive the ratio of arterial elastance (Ea) to ventricular elastance (Elv) as a global measure of ventricular–vascular coupling. Results: There were no sex or group differences in LS, CS, AS, and RS (p > 0.05). Females marathoners had similar aortic BP (116 ± 9 vs. 113 ± 1 mmHg), and PWV (5.9 ± 0.5 vs. 5.9 ± 1.1 m/s) compared to female controls but lower aSBP (116 ± 9 vs. 131 ± 10 mmHg) and PWV (5.9 ± 0.5 vs. 6.2 ± 0.5 m/s) compared to male marathoners (p < 0.05). Female marathoners had lower Ea/Elv than female controls (0.67 ± 0.20 vs. 0.93 ± 0.36) and male marathoners (0.67 ± 0.20 vs. 0.85 ± 0.42, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Women that have completed multiple marathons do not have reduced LV function or increased aortic stiffness and may have better ventricular–vascular coupling compared to male marathoners and their female untrained counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Models of reference-dependent preferences show that an individual's utility depends on the difference between the outcome and a "neutral" reference point. Our paper investigates how distance from reference points affects future performance. We find that round numbers and personal bests motivate runners and that missing the goal by a small amount improves future performance. For those who achieve their goal, future performance suffers slightly. In empirical analysis, we use an extensive panel of marathon data, which contains a past running history for every runner in our sample and allows us to estimate runners' ability and experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binge-watching - the act of watching multiple episodes of a series in sequence - is a practice that changes the series' temporality logic, previously linked to the TV flow. In this paper, we will use a survey (= 2000) and in-depth interviews with eight Brazilian fans to understand the fandom's perspectives on this practice, also known as a marathon. The results show that, although the term binge-watching carries a negative connotation of compulsiveness, the behavior has gained wide support among fans, becoming the preferred way to watch the content of the series. We will explore the possible motivations for this, in addition to the contrary and favorable perspectives for the practice of marathons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En el campo de la literatura juvenil deportiva, Breathe, Annie, Breathe (2014), de la autora estadounidense Miranda Kenneally, aborda la transición a la universidad de su protagonista, Annie, quien experimenta importantes cambios vitales y corporales al comenzar la vida en el campus e introducirse en el atletismo. Siguiendo la estructura de una novela de iniciación, Breathe, Annie, Breathe se centra en el reconocimiento del cuerpo a través de una maratón para la que la protagonista se entrena con la intención de honrar a su pareja, recientemente fallecida. Inicialmente caracterizada como una joven pasiva y sin conciencia sobre su potencial físico y afectivo, Annie va evolucionando hacia la madurez adulta, al tiempo que descubre su cuerpo y deseos sexuales y centra sus aspiraciones académicas. Este proceso, al final, la llevará a recuperar un sentido de afectividad más allá de su primer amor. A medida que avanza en sus entrenamientos, Annie no concede importancia a su pérdida de peso y se enorgullece, por el contrario, de la fuerza y resistencia conseguidas. En este sentido, desde una perspectiva de género la obra de Kenneally desmitifica la feminidad de la pérdida de peso al equiparar el cambio físico con el bienestar, más que con la belleza, al contrario de lo que ocurría con novelas juveniles anteriores. Ello indica una evolución en la novela juvenil deportiva que requiere de atención académica con el fin de evaluar el impacto positivo que puede tener sobre los cánones de belleza corpórea de las lectoras jóvenes. Palabras clave: novela deportiva juvenil; novela norteamericana contemporánea; cuerpo femenino; sexualidad; empoderamiento; desórdenes alimenticios In the context of Young Adult Sports Fiction, Miranda Kenneally's Breathe, Annie, Breathe (2014) addresses some crucial problematics that her protagonist, Annie, experiences through her body changes as she enters the world of athletics and campus life. Structured as a coming-of-age novel, Breathe, Annie, Breathe depicts Annie's progressive acknowledgement of her body as she trains for a marathon so as to honor her recently deceased boyfriend. First characterized as a rather passive young woman with no awareness of her physical and emotional potential, Annie starts to become a mature adult with a burgeoning sense of self, able to understand her body, academic goals and sexual desires, ultimately leading her to recover her affectivity beyond her first love. As her training progresses, Annie focuses increasingly on her growing endurance and prowess rather than her weight loss. Thus, from a gender perspective, Kenneally's novel demystifies the weight-loss process as an intrinsically feminine one, aligning it with wellbeing rather than beauty, in contrast to previous young adult novels. This points to an evolution in the Young Adult Sports Fiction genre which should be addressed in order to evaluate the positive impact it may have on young female readers' canons of corporeal beauty. Keywords: Young Adult Sports Fiction; contemporary North American fiction; female body; sexuality; empowerment; eating disorders, Body Awakening through Athletics: A Gender Analysis of Corporealities in Breathe, Annie, Breathe I. The Development of Young Adult Sports Fiction in North American Literature Young Adult Sports Fiction (henceforth [...]

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The aim of our study was to determine the self-reported incidence and prevalence of running-related injuries among participants of the 18th Ljubljana Marathon, and to identify risk factors for their occurrence.