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Historical masonry structures that connecting the past to the present have great importance because they represent the experiences and characteristics of various cultures. Therefore, the protection of historical structures is important. In this study, the structural response of the historical masonry Mosque was evaluated through dynamic analyses. For this purpose, the Sütlü Minaret Mosque which is located in Malatya, Turkey, was investigated. The three-dimensional model of the historical mosque was generated with ANSYS software. The material properties of the mosque were obtained with experimental tests. The time history analyses were used to obtain the seismic behavior of masonry mosque. In the time history analyses, six different strong ground motion records, including the 2020 Elazığ earthquake, were used. After the analysis, displacement and stress values in the mosque were given. The absolute peak displacement value among these earthquake records was obtained from the 1999 Düzce earthquake and the highest principal compressive and tensile stress values were determined for the 2010 Darfield earthquake. Also, the crack regions which occurred in the mosque after the 2020 Elazığ earthquake were compared with the dynamic analysis result of the 2020 Elazığ earthquake. The crack regions formed after the Elazığ earthquake are similar to the possible crack regions formed after the dynamic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Old stone buildings constitute a significant percentage of the residential buildings in many countries. These structures are highly vulnerable, and important losses in masonry structures occur even in moderate earthquakes. Therefore, safety evaluations of these structures have gained significant attention in recent years. In this study, the mechanical, physical and microstructural characteristics of tuff samples used in the old buildings were investigated in Battalgazi within the boundaries of Malatya Province during the Seljuk time. The characteristics of the building materials were examined in detail using in-situ and laboratory tests. Because adequate samples could not be obtained from the historical buildings, quarry areas with the same characteristics were identified. First, original building stone (OBS) used in construction was taken from fallen and unusable blocks. Then, the properties of the restoration building stones (RBS) brought from the quarries were investigated. The RBS samples were also examined using in the laboratory, and the mechanical and microstructural properties of the building components were determined. The dynamic and static moduli of elasticity were determined using ultrasonic pulse velocity and uniaxial compression test. The OBS and RBS samples yielded similar results after the microstructural analyses. Our results showed that the dynamic elastic modulus value was higher than the static elastic modulus value. The results revealed by both methods showed that the static and dynamic elastic moduli were closely linked. The OBS and RBS samples exhibited microlitic porphyritic and vesicular textures and nearly the same mineralogical and textural characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geopolymers are a kind of polymeric material that can be formed using industrial applications based on inorganic polycondensation. They can be used in applications to replace traditional cement with environmental and technical benefits. In this paper, mixtures with different silica moduli (0.8, 0.9,1.0) and molar ratios (12, 14, 16 M) were used to prepare geopolymer mortar, and the optimum polypropylene (PP) fiberreinforced mixture was determined. The PP fibers in the geopolymer form constituted 0, 0.5 and 1.0% of the total volume of the mixture. Geopolymer (cement-less) matrix interaction performance played an important role in identifying the characteristics of the fiber-based composites. The mechanical and microstructural properties of the mixtures were determined. The optimum mixture was obtained from the sample with a molar ratio of 16 M and 0.5% fiber. This mixture was then used to cast the fiber-reinforced gepolymer composites. These composites were produced using three different geosynthetics with the optimum mixture. The experimental behavior of the composites was investigated using PP geogrid composite (PPGC), carbon geogrid composite (CGC) and polyfelt geotextile composite (PGC) under flexural loading. We observed that the compressive strength of the composites increased as the curing temperature and NaOH concentration increased in geopolymer composites with a high molar ratio. The microstructural properties of the samples changed with temperature: the voids decreased and the calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gels provided compact bonding during the geopolymerization process. Furthermore, the PPGC demonstrated high viscosity, good adherence and high flexural strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]