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Advanced measurement and verification (M&V) is a process where the impact of an energy initiative is determined in real time. Data prediction models can be used to predict and compare energy consumption with a predetermined baseline. Deep-level mines can benefit from advanced M&V as the impact of operational changes can be identified in real time. Ultimately, this can ensure that informed decisions are made regarding energy management based on the impact and severity of the occurrence.

CD data of the eight diastereoisomers of free phenolic and different O-derivatized analogues of a series of flavan-3,4-diols permit assignment of the absolute configuration at the stereocenters of the heterocyclic ring.

A breeding program was conducted to improve the forage quality of Lolium multiflorum. Fifteen cultivars grown in spaced-plant trials were subjected to selection for a low moisture and a high non-structural carbohydrate content. Results showed consistent positive correlations between non-structural carbohydrate content, dry matter content, and digestibility in vitro of the grass. In a small plot trial comparing F6 plants (Selection 121) with 11 commercial L. multiflorum cultivars, Selection 121 gave the second-highest dry matter yield (difference not significant, P > 0.05) of the cultivars tested. The dry matter content of Selection 121 was significantly higher and the acid detergent fibre content significantly lower than that of the commercial cultivars. Furthermore, the total non-structural carbohydrate content was significantly higher and the nitrogen content significantly lower than that of the other L. multiflorum cultivars, giving Selection 121 nutritionally a much more favourable readily digestible energy to protein ratio than the commercial cultivars. Selection 121 was subsequently named 'NCD Enhancer' and is inscribed on the South African Variety List.

Reports on the effect of soil moisture stress on plant uptake of P have been conflicting. The effect of the dynamic variation in soil moisture on P uptake by soybeans (Glyfine maxL. Merr.) was studied in vivo. A split‐root technique with plants grown in 3 liter containers in the greenhouse was used whereby moisture stress was localized in the zone having the only source of P for the roots, while water and P‐free nutrients were supplied through the other portion of the root system. The procedure minimized the effect of plant‐water deficit. Differences between moisture treatments accounted for 81.5% of plant P content when the effects of fertilizer treatments were removed, while variation in soil moisture content within each moisture treatment accounted for only 8%. The extent P uptake was impaired by high moisture stress was conditioned by the P status of the plant which in turn was determined by the previous soil moisture history of the zone supplying the P. After watering, plants exposed to a high moisture stress resumed P uptake at a rate exceeding that of plants absorbing P from the adequately watered compartment. The range of response to which increasing levels of fertilizer P was obtained increased as the period of moisture stress in the fertilized zone was prolonged. Temporary luxury consumption of P, induced by high levels of soil P and foliar application, benefited soybeans whose P supply was curtailed by high moisture stress. Moisture stress appeared to affect P uptake largely through its influence on diffusion rather than mass‐flow. It is suggested that the inconsistencies of field results reported in the literature studying the relationship of P uptake and moisture stress could be caused by the peculiar P uptake behavior found in these experiments.

A Lolium multiflorum cv. Midmar pasture and ninety individual plants (both Italian and Westerwolds types), from 15 different Lolium multiflorum cultivars in a spaced-plant trial, were assessed for total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) content, TNC yield, dry matter (DM) content, DM yield and nitrogen (N) content. Maximum TNC values in the plants were reached after 12h00. The TNC content was positively correlated with the DM content of the plant, but this was probably environmentally induced. The negative relation between TNC and N content appeared to be genetically controlled. Diploid Italian types had the highest mean seasonal DM content. Cultivars with the highest mean DM yield over the growing season rated poorly in terms of TNC content. However, the coefficients of variation for the seasonal DM yield and TNC content were high. Coefficients of variation for mean DM content over the growing season were much lower than for TNC content and DM yield. It was concluded that the variation within and between cultivars was sufficiently large for successful manipulation in a breeding programme. The cultivars Exalta, Exalta × Lemtal, Moritz and ex Matador ranked high in both TNC yield and DM content.

A common complication in patients with breast or prostate cancer is bone metastases causing pain. New radionuclide therapy methods have recently been proposed for palliation, including 186Re-hydroxyethyl-idene diphosphonate (186Re-HEDP). This paper reports on the local development of 186Re-HEDP and the biodistribution studied in animals for eventual use in patients. Adult dose was computed assuming a 70 kg standard man. The 186Re was labelled to HEDP using standard techniques. The biodistribution in five Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) was studied. Doses ranging from 39.4 to 44.9 MBq kg-1(mean 43.6 ± 2.8 MBq kg-1) were administered, corresponding to an adult human dose of 2960 MBq (80 mCi). Whole-body images of the animals were obtained with a dual-headed scintillation camera on an hourly basis for 6 h post-injection and then daily for 3 days. The bone, soft tissue, kidneys and urinary bladder were considered source organs and data from these organs were used in a compartmental model to obtain the mean residence times of the radionuclide in the different source organs. Radiation dose estimates for 186Re-HEDP were subsequently obtained with the MIRDOSE 3 program. The estimated absorbed radiation doses to some of the organs (expressed in mGy MBq-1) were as follows: bone surface 1.69; kidneys 0.09; liver 0.04; ovaries 0.04; red marrow 0.75; total body 0.12; urinary bladder wall 0.43. 186Re-HEDP yielded an effective dose of 0.17 mSv MBq-1. The radiation dose delivered to the bone marrow in this study did not cause any detrimental effect to the baboons, indicating that locally produced 186Re-HEDP is suitable for clinical use.

It is argued in this article that fundamental differences still exist between exponents of the theory of focalization. It seems that these differences are the result of metatheoretical differences. A synthesis is proposed between Genette and Bal's theories of focalization. This synthesis is based on a narratological metatheory stemming from a basic concept of Stanzel.

A new genus Pseudourodiscella is described for the family Uropodidae. The generic concept is given and two new species, viz. tonopilus spec. nov. and naetaensis spec. nov. belonging to this genus are described.

The influence of planting date and temperatures during growth on the yield and rate of phenologlcal development of maize was investigated. Maize (hybrid Pnr 6428) was planted at 14-day intervals from mid-August to early February with the object of developing a cropping strategy which could result in a sustained supply of table maize for the small farmer in central Ciskei. Sequential plantings provided a sustained supply of table maize for 171 days. One hectare of maize, yielding 1,5 tons in central Clskel, used for home consumption, has a current monetary value of R855,36 when costed in terms of saving on purchased maize products, as opposed to R62,02 when sold as grain.The results indicated that the Ontario system and a modification of the heat stress system of temperature summation predicted time to silking more accurately than the calendar day and standard methods.The composition of kernels with regard to protein, fat and total digestible nutrients on a dry mass basts was not materially affected by stage of development after the milk stage. A schedule is presented for central Ciskei which proposes a planting time pattern intended to provide weekly harvests of table maize for a period of approximately six months. The increase in acreage required to compensate for premature harvesting and. yield decline due to late planting is also shown.

Robert Heussler's, Yesterday's Rulers, (Syracuse University Press, London, Oxford University Press, 1963, 27/6d.)K. C. Wheare's, Federal Government, (Fourth Edition, London, Oxford University Press, 1963. 10/6.)W. S. Livingston (Ed.), Federalism in the Commonwealth (London, Cassell for the Hansard Society, 1963, 30/ - )Kenneth Robinson and Frederick Madden (Ed.), Essays in Imperial Government Presented to Margery Perham, (Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1963, 35/ - )L. F. Crisp, Ben Chifley study of the fifth Australian Labour prime minister (London, Longmans, 1960, 45s.)John Saywell (Ed.), Canadian Annual Review for 1962 (University of Toronto Press, London: Oxford University Press, 1963, £6)Mauric A. Pope, Soldiers and Politicians (Toronto University Press, London: Oxford University Press, 1963, 60/ - )Hugh Thorburn has edited a collection of pieces in Party Politics in Canada (Toronto, Prentice-Hall of Canada, 1963. 28/ - )J. H. Aitchison. (Ed.), The Political Process in Canada (Essays in Honour of R. McGregor Dawson, University of Toronto Press, London, Oxford University Press, 1963, 40/ - )B. H. Farmer's booklet, Ceylon: A Divided Nation (London, Oxford University Press for The Institute of Race Relations, 1963. 7s.6d.)K. Nkrumah describes the purpose of his latest volume, Africa Must Unite, (London, Heinemann, 1963, 21/ - )David Kimble, for many years Director of Extra-Mural Studies in that country, has done so in A Political History of Ghana 1850-1928 (Oxford, Clarendon Press, London, Oxford University Press, 1963, 65s.)G. S. Halappa, Studies in State Administration (Karnatak University Publications, Dharwar, 1963. Rs. 15/ - .)Indira Rothermund, The Philosophy of Restraint (Popular Prakashan, 1963. Rs. 15/ - .)Kran Singh, Prophet of Indian Nationalism: A study of the Political Thought of Sri Aurobindo Ghosh 1893-1910 (London, George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1963, 25s.)Ralph Braibanti and Joseph J. Spengler (Ed.), Administration and Economic Development in India (Duke University Press, London: Cambridge University Press, 1963, 37s. 6d.)Tom Mboya, Freedom and After (London, Andre Deutsch, 1963, 30/ - , paperback 8/6d.)T. C. Larkin (Ed.), New Zealand's External Relations (New Zealand Institute of Public Administration, London, Oxford University Press, 1963, 37s. 3d.)J. L. Roberts (Ed.), Decentralisation in New Zealand Government Administration (London, Oxford University Press for New Zealand Institute of Public Administration, 1963, 20/ - )K. W. J. Post, The Nigerian Federal Election of 1950 (Published for the Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research by Oxford University Press, 1963: 45s.)Wayne Ayres Wilcox, Pakistan: The Consolidation of a Nation (Columbia University Press, New York and London, 1963, 45/ - )Arthur T. Porter, Creoledom (London, Oxford University Press, 1963, 21s)E. A. Walker (Ed.), Cambridge History of the British Empire, Vol. VIII, South Africa (Second edition, Cambridge University Press, 1963, £5)W. K. Hanckock, Smuts. The Sanguine Years 1870-1919 (Cambridge University Press. 1962. 52/6d.)J. Clagett Taylor, The Political Development of Tanganyika, (Stanford University Press; London, Oxford University Press, 1963. 35/ - )

Malignant tumors which arise in the vicinity of the lower end of the common bile duct are an important cause of obstructive jaundice. These tumors can be classified as follows (Cattell and Warren, 1953):A. Cancer of the head of the pancreas (50%).B. Cancer of the ampulla of Vater (30%). Tumors of the ampulla may arise from the ampulla itself, from the joint opening of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct, or from the overlying duodenal mucous membrane.C. Cancer of the terminal part of the common bile duct (10%).D. Cancer of the duodenum (10%).The surgical approach to obstructive jaundice caused by any of these tumors is a laparotomy, and if a malignant tumor is found, the surgeon has to choose between a palliative and a radical operation. The palliative operation relieves the obstruction of the common bile duct, and although the lifespan of the

A new (+)-norepinephrine derivative, syncarpamide (1), along with a known coumarin, (+)-S-marmesin (2), and one known alkaloid, decarine (3), have been isolated from the stem of Zanthoxylum syncarpum. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, MS, IR, optical rotation, and CD analyses. Its absolute stereochemistry was elucidated by synthesis of its enantiomer and subsequent comparison of CD data. Characterizations of compounds 2 and 3 were based on spectral analysis and comparison with reported data. Compounds 1 and 3 showed antiplasmodial activity, with IC50 values of 2.04 and 1.44 μM against Plasmodium falciparum D6 clone and 3.06 and 0.88 μM against P. falciparum W2 clone, respectively. Compound 3 showed cytotoxicity at 56.42 μM, whereas compound 1 was not cytotoxic at 10.42 μM. Compound 1 was tested for hypotensive activity, but no activity was observed. Compound 2 showed no antiplasmodial or antimicrobial activities.

SUMMARYSixty‐four parents completed questionnaires pertaining to their knowledge, attitudes and experiences both before and two months after their children underwent adenoidectomy and grommet insertion. Although a positive image of and high satisfaction with both procedure and inpatient stay were demonstrated, many parents failed to appreciate the existence, nature and frequency of possible complications. Parents should be given quite explicit descriptions of the most common postoperative problems.

This paper is focused on the characterization of GNSS signals reception environment by estimation of the percentage of visible sky in real-time. On previous works, a new segmentation technique based on a color watershed using an adaptive combination of color and texture information was proposed. This information was represented by two morphological gradients, a classical color gradient and a morphological texture gradient based on mathematical morphology or co-occurrence matrices. The segmented images were then classified into two regions: sky and not-sky. However, this approach has high computational cost and thus, cannot be applied in real-time. On this paper, we present this adaptive segmentation method with a texture gradient calculated by the Gabor filter and a region-tracking method based on a block-matching estimation. This last step reduces the execution time of the application in order to respect the real-time conditions. Since the application works for fish-eye images, a calibration and rectification method is required before tracking and is also presented on this paper. The calibration method presented is based on the straight line condition and thus does not use real word coordinates. This prevents measurement errors. The tracking results are compared to the results of the classification method (which has already been evaluated on previous works). The evaluation shows that the proposed method has a very low error and decreases the execution time by ten times.