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El manual, resultado del proyecto, está dirigido, principalmente, a los productores de caña de azúcar para panela y los trapicheros de la región occidente, a los asistentes técnicos y a todos aquellos actores interesados en el cultivo de la caña de azúcar para panela y su agroindustria. Con un lenguaje sencillo, se desarrollan los principales temas de interés para el sector panelero de Nariño: la caracterización socioeconómica, el manejo agronómico de la caña, el proceso para obtención de panela y los costos de producción. Con el fin de fortalecer la cadena productiva, hacer más atractivo el campo a la población de jóvenes agricultores y contribuir al relevo generacional necesario para la sostenibilidad y competitividad del campo, se espera que estas recomendaciones aporten a la reconversión y modernización tecnológica del subsector panelero del departamento.

El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar la evolución de la colaboración científica en la psicología española a través de trabajos firmados por un autor o autora perteneciente a una institución española de psicología entre 1970 y 1989. Se analizaron un total de 2891 trabajos publicados en 29 revistas de psicología entre los años 1970 y 1989, analizando la colaboración científica a través del estudio de redes mediante el programa UCINET y el software Netdraw. Los resultados indican que a lo largo de los años se produce un aumento del número de trabajos, autores y firmas, así como de la colaboración científica, siendo en el periodo entre 1985 y 1989 cuando los trabajos en coautoría superan al número de trabajos firmados por un solo autor. Se muestra que el número de autores, así como de los grupos de colaboracion aumentan a lo largo de los años estudiados. Se puede concluir que es en la segunda mitad de la década de los años 80 cuando se produce un aumento considerable de la colaboración científica en la psicología española. The objective of this research is to analyse the evolution of scientific collaboration within Spanish psychology through papers signed by an author who belonged to a Spanish institution of psychology between 1970 and 1989. We analysed a total of 2891 papers published in 29 journals of psychology between 1970 and 1989, examining the scientific collaboration through network analysis, using the UCINET program and Netdraw software. The results indicated that there has been an increased number of papers, authors and signatures over the years, as well as an increased scientific collaboration. Between 1985 and 1989, co-authored papers overcame single-author papers. It is shown that the number of authors, as well as of collaboration groups, increased over the years under study. It can be concluded that it was in the second half of the 1980s when scientific collaboration within Spanish psychology increased considerably.

Introduction The objective of this study was to describe the main characteristics of migrants diagnosed with human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection within the +Redivi Spanish network. Methods Patients with a diagnosis of HTLV type 1 or 2 in +Redivi from October 2009 to December 2020 were included. Diagnosis was based on positive HTLV serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)/chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA)) with line immunoassay (LIA)/Western blot with/without polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results A total of 107/17 007 cases (0.6%) had a final diagnosis of HTLV infection: 83 (77.67%) HTLV-1 infections, 6 (5.6%) HTLV-2 infections and 18 (16.8%) non-specified. The majority (76, 71%) were female, median age was 42 years and median time from arrival to Spain until consultation was 10 years. The group included 100 (93.5%) immigrants and 7 (6.6%) visiting friends and relatives (VFR)-immigrants. Most patients were from South America (71, 66.4%), followed by Sub-Saharan Africa (15, 14%) and Central America-Caribbean (13, 12.1%). Around 90% of patients were asymptomatic at presentation and diagnosed as part of screening programs. Median duration of follow-up was 5 years (IQR 2–7). Regarding HTLV-associated conditions, 90 patients (84.2%) had none, 7 (6.5%) had tropical spastic paraparesis , 5 (4.7%) had other associated conditions (dermatitis, uveitis, pulmonary disease), 3 (2.8%) had other neurological symptoms and 2 (1.9%) had adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. No patients with HTLV-2 had HTLV-associated conditions. Four patients (3.7%) died. Concomitant diagnoses were found in 41 (38.3%) patients, including strongyloidiasis in 15 (14%) and HIV co-infection in 4 (3.7%). In 70% of patients, screening of potential contacts was not performed/recorded. Conclusions HTLV infections (the majority due to HTLV-1) were mainly diagnosed in asymptomatic migrants from Latin America (generally long-settled immigrants and the majority female with the consequent implications for screening/prevention). A high rate of association with strongyloidiasis was found. In the majority, screening of potential contacts was not performed, representing a missed opportunity for decreasing the under diagnosis of this infection.

Background: Legalizing medical and recreational cannabis and decriminalizing this substance may have unanticipated effects on traffic safety. The present study aimed to assess the impact of cannabis legalization on traffic accidents. Methods: A systematic review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) declaration of the articles included in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. The number of papers included in the review was 29. Results: The results show that in 15 papers, there is a relationship between the legalization of medical and/or recreational cannabis and the number of traffic accidents, while in 5 papers, no such relationship is observed. In addition, nine articles indicate a greater number of risk behaviors related to driving after consumption, identifying young, male, and alcohol consumption together with cannabis as the risk profile. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the legalization of medical and/or recreational cannabis has negative effects on road safety when considering the number of jobs that affect the number of fatalities.

La fertilización biológica integrada consiste en utilizar en forma adecuada fertilizantes minerales, abonos orgánicos y hongos formadores de micorriza arbuscular (HFMA) para reducir la cantidad de fertilizantes que se aplican al cultivo, con lo cual se obtienen mejores resultados en nutrición, producción y calidad de panela, se reducen costos y se disminuye la contaminación ambiental.

El presente artículo hace parte de una amplia investigación titulada juegos tradicionales como estrategia de evaluación en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en educación básica primaria. Se muestra una reflexión sobre las diferentes posibilidades metodológicas que se pueden utilizar en el aula para la enseñanza de las matemáticas desde una postura lúdico-didáctica que pretende conferir al maestro diferentes medios de enseñanza de esta asignatura del currículo escolar. La revisión teórica se realiza a partir de autores relevantes en el campo como Subiza, Piaget y Espinoza. Se concluye que el juego tradicional como estrategia en la enseñanza es un elemento innovador en los contextos escolares y puede considerarse de mejor aceptación en el momento de evaluar los aprendizajes de los estudiantes.

El cultivo de caña de azúcar para panela en Colombia presenta limitaciones nutricionales relacionadas especialmente con la eficiencia baja de la fertilización química. El uso de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) optimiza la fertilización haciéndola más eficiente y puede reducir la aplicación de fertilizantes químicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación de HMA con plantas de caña de azúcar para la producción de panela en etapa de vivero. Se realizó una caracterización de suelos en las regiones de Cundinamarca y la Hoya del Río Suárez (Boyacá y Santander), caracterizadas como las productoras principales de caña de azúcar para panela en Colombia y se encontró que las plantas de caña de azúcar establecen de forma natural una asociación con los HMA. Los HMA con mayor predominio fueron Glomus microcarpum, Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus sinuosum, cuatro morfotipos de Glomus sp., dos de Acaulospora sp. y uno de Funneliformis sp. Se evaluó el efecto de la inoculación con HMA en la etapa de vivero utilizando tres variedades de caña de azúcar ampliamente cultivadas en la Hoya del Río Suárez, CC93-7711 (Pierna Bella), CC93-714 y CC93-7510 (Vende Finca). Se evaluaron 11 tratamientos (T1 a T8 inoculación con diferentes comunidades de HMA; T9, T10 y T11 corresponden a testigos con fertilizaciones de 10, 50 y 100% de fertilización química) en un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Se evaluaron altura de planta y diámetro del tallo, cuantificación de esporas y porcentaje de colonización. Los resultados mostraron que las tres variedades respondieron al efecto benéfico de la asociación planta-HMA, al obtener plantas con rendimiento mayor con respecto a los testigos sin inocular. Las variedades CC93-7711 (Pierna Bella) y CC93-7510 (Vende Finca) mostraron un porcentaje mayor de colonización de HMA en respuesta a la inoculación de Glomus sp.

Colombia se ubica entre los países de Latinoamérica que producen cerca del 80% de cacao fino o “prime” del mundo; sin embargo, el cacao en Colombia presenta limitantes relacionados con la presencia de cadmio (Cd) en algunos suelos en donde se cultiva y esto reduce la inocuidad del producto. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la absorción de cadmio en un patrón de cacao (IMC 67) en asociación con hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares (HFMA) para determinar su uso potencial como inmovilizadores de Cd a mediano y largo plazo. Se estableció un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones y 20 tratamientos en arreglo factorial 4 × 5, un testigo, tres tipos de micorrizas (Glomus macrocarpum, Rhizoglomus intraradices y HFMA-nativos) y cinco dosis de Cd (0, 6, 12, 18 y 24 mg kg-1). Se midió altura de planta, peso seco de tallo, hojas y raíces, así como la concentración de Cd en tallos, hojas y raíces. Los resultados mostraron que las plantas de cacao translocan el Cd fácilmente a todos los órganos (tallos, hojas y raíces), es decir, pueden vivir en estas condiciones; sin embargo, las plantas inoculadas con HFMA-nativos, disminuyeron significativamente la acumulación de Cd en todos los órganos evaluados. Estos resultados confirman los efectos benéficos que tienen los HFMA para aliviar el estrés que presentan las plantas frente a la translocación de metales pesados como lo es el cadmio.

Summary Background Factors affecting outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV are unclear. We assessed the factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and severe outcomes among people living with HIV. Methods We did a retrospective cohort study using data from the PISCIS cohort of people with HIV in Catalonia (Spain) between March 1 and Dec 15, 2020. We linked PISCIS data with integrated health-care, clinical, and surveillance registries through the Public Data Analysis for Health Research and Innovation Program of Catalonia (PADRIS) to obtain data on SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, chronic comorbidities, as well as clinical and mortality outcomes. Participants were aged at least 16 years in care at 16 hospitals in Catalonia. Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 diagnoses and severe outcomes were assessed using univariable and multivariable Cox regression models. We estimated the effect of immunosuppression on severe outcomes (hospital admission for >24 h with dyspnoea, tachypnoea, hypoxaemia, asphyxia, or hyperventilation; or death) using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Findings We linked 20 847 (72·8%) of 28 666 participants in the PISCIS cohort with PADRIS data; 13 142 people had HIV. 749 (5·7%) people with HIV were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2: their median age was 43·5 years (IQR 37·0–52·7), 131 (17·5%) were female, and 618 (82·5%) were male. 103 people with HIV (13·8%) were hospitalised, seven (0·9%) admitted to intensive care, and 13 (1·7%) died. SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was more common among migrants (adjusted hazard ratio 1·55, 95% CI 1·31–1·83), men who have sex with men (1·42, 1·09–1·86), and those with four or more chronic comorbidities (1·46, 1·09–1·97). Age at least 75 years (5·2, 1·8–15·3), non-Spanish origin (2·1, 1·3–3·4), and neuropsychiatric (1·69, 1·07–2·69), autoimmune disease (1·92, 1·14–3·23), respiratory disease (1·84, 1·09–3·09), and metabolic disease (2·59, 1·59–4·23) chronic comorbidities were associated with increased risk of severe outcomes. A Kaplan-Meier estimator showed differences in the risk of severe outcomes according to CD4 cell count in patients with detectable HIV RNA (p=0·039) but no differences were observed in patients with undetectable HIV RNA (p=0·15). Interpretation People living with HIV with detectable HIV viraemia, chronic comorbidities, and some subpopulations could be at increased risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19. These groups should be prioritised in clinical management and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination programmes. Funding Fundacio "la Caixa". Translations For the Catalan, Spanish and Russian translations of the Summary see Supplementary Materials section.

Background: There are few shared assistance programs with Primary Health Care (PHC) in PLWH. The aim was to develop a Pilot Program of shared HIV care in PLWH ensuring proper HIV control. Methods: Design: Prospective pilot project of a shared care intervention.Setting: HIV specialized outpatient consultations for HIV infection at Son Espases University Hospital which serves 2000 patients. Subjects: Patients who attended HIV specialized consultation between January 1st and June 30th, 2017. Intervention: Basal questionnaire on health services used by patients. HIV Training Program on HIV in Primary Health Care (PHC). Pilot Program of shared assistance (PPAC) with PHC. Main Outcomes: Maintenance of undetectable HIV viral load, antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, AIDS and non-AIDS events, loss of follow up, and satisfaction questionnaire. Results: The basal questionnaire was filled out by 918 patients, with 108 (11.7%) patients reporting neither knowing nor having been visited by their GP. A total of 93 patients were included in the PPAC, with a mean age of 49.9 years (SD 11.7), and an average of 14.6 years since the HIV diagnosis. Eleven patients were followed up for less than six months and were excluded from the analysis. Median follow-up during the PPAC of the remaining 82 patients was 728 days (IQR 370-1070). Sixteen patients dropped out of the PPAC (19.5%), three died, three were lost to follow up, one was withdrawn due to medical criteria, and nine withdrew voluntarily.No patient presented any AIDS defining events, although eight patients presented non-AIDS events. All the patients had undetectable viral load (VL) and average ART adherence was 99.4% (SD1.4). The patient’s satisfaction score with PPAC was 8.64 (SD2.5).Conclusion: It is possible to establish shared care programs with PHC in selected patients with HIV infection, thereby reducing hospital visits while maintaining good adherence and virological control and achieving high patient satisfaction.

Los Hongos Formadores de Micorrizas Arbusculares (HFMA) ayudan al intercambio y movilidad de nutrientes al asociarse con plantas, mejorando los cultivos. Por tanto, el objetivo fue evaluar HFMA en dos variedades de caña de azúcar para panela en la localidad de Suaita, Santander. Se estableció un diseño de bloques al azar, con tres repeticiones y cuatro tratamientos (T1: Acaulospora mellea, T2: Rhizoglomus irregulare, T3: Control 50% y T4: Control 100% de fertilización) en las variedades CC 93-7711 y CC 93-7510. Se analizó altura, diámetro del tallo, contenido de clorofila, absorción de nutrientes y materia seca en plantas de caña. Se presentaron diferencias significativas en la variedad CC93-7711 en la absorción de N, S, Fe, y Mn con el T2 y en contenido de clorofila a los 15 meses después de trasplante (mdt) con T1 y T2. En la variedad 93-7510 diferencias significativas a los 8 mdt en altura (T1), clorofila total (T2) y a los 15 mdt en absorción de Mn. Las dos variedades a los 15 mdt presentaron valores más altos con T1 y T2 respecto a los controles en las variables de altura, diámetro, clorofila total y materia seca. Se presentó correlación positiva entre la presencia de A. mellea con la absorción de Na, Cu, Mn, S, N y P y Rhizoglomus irregulare con Mg, Fe y Ca. Por lo anterior se puede concluir que los HFMA pueden sustituir parcialmente la fertilización de síntesis, haciéndola más efectiva, promoviendo plantas mejor nutridas con mayor producción de materia seca.

© 2021 CSIC.., [EN]: This paper assesses the costs of publishing (Article Processing Charges) demanded by scientific publishers to publish articles in their journals. It have been selected the journals included in quartiles 1 and 2 (Q1, Q2) in Journal Citation Reports (JCR) for the eleven categories in which Psychology is subdivided, during 2017 and 2018. The Golden OA has been calculated and converted into euros for all the amounts required by the publishers. As for the 362 journals which have been analysed within these two years and the total number of registers obtained was 632, the final cost is €135,514,886.38, €67,027,213.11 of which relate to journals in JCR 2017, and €68,487,673.28 to JCR 2018. The average cost of publishing an article was €2321.55. There are statistically significant differences in the costs of publishing in open access according to the category of Psychology. There are many conclusions about scientific and publications policies which nations should rethink, [ES]: En el presente trabajo se evalúan los costes de publicación (Article Processing Charges) que se exigen por parte de las editoriales científicas, derivados de la publicación de artículos en sus revistas. Se han seleccionado las revistas incluidas en los cuartiles 1 y 2 (Q1, Q2) en el Journal Citation Reports (JCR) para las once categorías en las que se subdivide Psychology, durante los años 2017 y 2018. Se ha calculado el coste mayor o Golden OA y transformado en euros para todas las cantidades requeridas por parte de las editoriales. Para el total de 632 revistas analizadas en estos dos años, el coste final es de 135.514.886,39 €, de los cuales 67.027.213,11 € pertenecen a las revistas del JCR 2017 y 68.487.673,28 € a JCR 2018. La media de coste de publicación de un trabajo fue de 2321,55€. Son numerosas las conclusiones sobre la política científica y de publicación que los Estados deberían repensar.

Background: To compare effectiveness and safety of initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) among premenopausal and postmenopausal women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) who initiated ART between 2004 and 2015. Methods: Multivariable regression models were used to compare post- versus premenopausal women regarding viral suppression (≤50 copies/ml), change in CD4+ T-cell count and time to treatment change (TC) at 48 and 96 weeks after ART initiation. Results: Among 230 women, 154 (67%) were premenopausal at ART initiation. The most frequent initial regimen was tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine/efavirenz prescribed in 49 (32%) premenopausal and 22 (29%) postmenopausal women. The proportion of TC was 35.7% and 30.3% at 48 weeks and 51.3% and 47.4% at 96 weeks, for pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively. There were no significant differences in CD4+ T-cell count changes from ART initiation, viral load suppression, time to TC or reason for TC between both groups. The main reason for TC was occurrence of an adverse event, followed by simplification, in both groups. Conclusions: ART effectiveness and safety did not differ significantly between pre- and postmenopausal women. Instituto de Salud Carlos III a través de la Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Sida (RD06/006, RD12/0017/0018 y RD16/0002/0006) ISCIII-Subdirección General de Eval-uación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) y Acción Estratégica en Salud Intramural (PI15CIII/00027) 2.400 JCR (2020) Q3, 204/276 Pharmacology & Pharmacy 0.747 SJR (2020) Q2, 139/208 Infectious Diseases No data IDR 2020 UEM

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) presents high mortality in the population at risk. The aim of this work is to know the evolution, clinical and microbiological characteristics of IPD in the adult population of Majorca, since the introduction of a public funded program for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) in the pediatric population in the Balearic Islands in 2016. For this purpose, a retrospective multicenter study was carried out in which all episodes of IPD in adult patients from the four hospitals of the public health system of Majorca were included, comparing the periods between 2012 and 2015 and between 2016 and 2019. Clinical variables, serotypes and antibiotic sensitivity were collected. There were 498 cases of IPD, 56.8% were male with a mean age of 67 (standard deviation: 16). Most infections were bacterial pneumonias (73.7%). Of the total cases, 264 (53%) presented complications. Of the 498 cases, 351 strains were obtained, of which 145 (41.3%) belong to vaccinal serotypes (included in the PCV-13 vaccine) and 206 (58.7%) to non-vaccinal serotypes (not included in the PCV-13 vaccine). The percentage of IPD caused by vaccinal serotypes was lower in the second period (47.8% vs. 34.5%, p = 0.012).

El SG-SST, de acuerdo al Ministerio de Trabajo, consistente en el desarrollo de un proceso lógico y por etapas, basado en la mejora continua, que incluye la política, la organización, la planificación, la aplicación, la evaluación, la auditoría y las acciones de mejora con el objetivo de anticipar, reconocer, evaluar y controlar los riesgos que puedan afectar la seguridad y la salud en el trabajo. La presente investigación fue realizada con base el Decreto 1072 de 2015, soportado en el ciclo de Deming (PHVA), el cual debe contemplar 5 etapas como: organización, planificación, aplicación, auditoría y revisión por la alta dirección, y mejora continua. De acuerdo a lo anterior, la Constructora FG de Barranquilla en el proyecto Torres del Metro en la evaluación inicial obtuvo un resultado del 36% de cumplimiento, que, de acuerdo con Colmena Seguros, se encuentra en un estado crítico. Los resultados de las demás variables del ciclo PHVA, también se presentan en estado crítico puesto en el hacer obtuvo un 20.8% de cumplimiento y el verificar y actuar 0%.

En el presente artículo se definen los factores externos que influyen en la elección de pareja durante la etapa adolescente. Partiendo del desarrollo físico característico de esta fase para encuadrar el inicio de la atracción hacia los otros, se expondrán tres aspectos básicos que moldean el inicio y transcurso de las relaciones románticas. En primer lugar, el ámbito familiar, haciendo hincapié en el apego y los estilos parentales educativos; el área social especialmente enfocada en las relaciones con los iguales en segundo lugar y finalmente los medios de comunicación, mostrando el papel que juegan en la expansión de los estereotipos y roles de género y que pueden marcar el noviazgo entre los adolescentes.

HIV-2 is a neglected virus despite estimates of 1–2 million people being infected worldwide. AIDS develops more slowly in HIV-2 than HIV-1. Outside endemic regions, HIV-2 is mostly found in immigrants from west Africa or their sex partners. There are four major caveats when treating HIV-2. First, some antiretrovirals are not or only partially active against HIV-2. Second, CD4 declines in HIV-2 occur slowly, but CD4 recovery is smaller with antiretroviral treatment. Third, both virological failure and rapid emergence of drug resistance occur more frequently in HIV-2 than HIV-1. Finally, misdiagnosis of HIV-2 in patients wrongly considered as infected with HIV-1 or in those dually infected may result in treatment failures with undetectable HIV-1 RNA. Integrase inhibitors, and especially dolutegravir, should be part of any preferred HIV-2 antiretroviral combination nowadays.

Vocational guidance are recognized as a dynamic process, directed to knowledge of personal aspects to choose a profession, guided by a professional. Objective: To identify the strategies implemented in the programs of vocational guidance and the contributions that can make the Occupational Therapist. Methodology: Publications given in the period 2000 to 2015 are presented in electronic databases such as Science Direct, EBSCOhost, Proquest and Scopus. Results: They were found 1059 articles during the initial search, 9 of them met the inclusion and exclusion criteria established. Conclusion: Identifies the theoretical component and normative of the Occupational Therapy and its importance in the participation of vocational guidance programs in secondary education.

Introduction In 2010, the AIDS Study Group (Grupo de Estudio del SIDA [GESIDA]) developed 66 quality care indicators. The aim of this study is to determine which of these indicators are associated with mortality and hospital admission, and to perform a preliminary assessment of a prediction rule for mortality and hospital admission in patients on treatment and follow-up. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Hospital Universitario Son Espases (Palma de Mallorca, Spain). Eligible participants were patients with human immunodeficiency syndrome ≥18 years old who began follow-up in the Infectious Disease Section between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2012. A descriptive analysis was performed to evaluate anthropometric variables, and a logistic regression analysis to assess the association between GESIDA indicators and mortality/admission. The mortality probability model was built using logistic regression. Results A total of 1944 adults were eligible (median age: 37 years old, 78.8% male). In the multivariate analysis, the quality of care indicators associated with mortality in the follow-up patient group were the items 7, 16 and 20, and in the group of patients on treatment were 7, 16, 20, 35, and 38. The quality of care indicators associated with hospital admissions in the follow-up patients group was the same as those in the mortality analysis, plus number 31. In the treatment group the associated quality of care indicators were items 7, 16, 20, 35, 38, and 40. Conclusions Some GeSIDA quality of care indicators were associated with mortality and/or hospital admissions. These indicators are associated with delayed diagnosis, regular monitoring, prevention of infections, and control of comorbidities.

Resumen Introduccion En 2010 el Grupo Espanol de Estudio de SIDA (GeSIDA) desarrollo 66 indicadores de calidad asistencial. Nuestro objetivo es determinar cuales de estos indicadores se asocian a mortalidad y/o ingreso, y realizar una evaluacion preliminar de la utilidad de un indice predictor de mortalidad e ingreso. Metodos Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo realizado en el Hospital Universitario Son Espases. Los pacientes con infeccion por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana incluidos fueron aquellos que iniciaron seguimiento en consultas entre el 1 de enero de2000 y el 31 de diciembre de 2012. Se realizo analisis descriptivo de las variables demograficas y de los indicadores, y un estudio de regresion logistica para valorar la asociacion entre los indicadores y riesgo de mortalidad/ingreso. Se calcularon indices predictores de mortalidad e ingreso para pacientes en seguimiento y en tratamiento. Resultados Fueron incluidos 1.944 pacientes (media de edad: 37 anos, el 78,8% varones). En el analisis multivariante relativo a mortalidad, los indicadores asociados en pacientes en seguimiento fueron el 7, 16 y 20 y en pacientes en tratamiento se anaden el 35 y 38. En el analisis multivariante relativo a ingreso, los indicadores asociados en pacientes en seguimiento fueron los mismos que para mortalidad, ademas del 31, y en el grupo de pacientes en tratamiento se asociaban los indicadores 7, 16, 20, 35, 38 y 40. Conclusion Se han identificado varios indicadores de calidad que pueden estar relacionados con ingreso hospitalario y mortalidad. Estos indicadores hacen referencia fundamentalmente al retraso diagnostico, seguimiento regular, prevencion de las infecciones y control de comorbilidades.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the availability of different procedures, diagnostic tests, and treatments, as well as the procedures and techniques used in the management of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Spain. This was a cross-sectional study performed from September to December 2018 in Spain. A survey directed to CE-treating clinicians was conducted to collect information regarding the center characteristics and the different protocols of management followed. Thirty-nine centers among 76 contacted centers participated in the survey, most of them belonging to the public health system and attending both adult and children. The median number of patients with CE attended during the last three years per center was 15. Percutaneous techniques were used only in seven centers, and surgery was the most frequently used therapeutic approach. Drugs and duration of treatment (both when administered exclusively or when combined with surgery/puncture, aspiration, injection, and reaspiration) were very variable depending on the centers. There is a high variability in the management of CE among Spanish centers. These results stress the importance of promoting the diffusion of existing knowledge, adapting the WHO recommendations to our setting, and referring patients to referral centers at a national level.

Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia is associated to systemic hyper-inflammation and abnormal coagulation profile. D-dimer elevation is particularly frequent, and values higher than 1 mu g/mL have been associated with disease severity and in-hospital mortality. Previous retrospective studies found a high pulmonary embolism (PE) prevalence, however, it should be highlighted that diagnoses were only completed when PE was clinically suspected. Material and methods Single-center prospective cohort study. Between April 6(th)and April 17(th)2020, consecutive confirmed cases of COVID-19 pneumonia with D-dimer >1 mu g/mL underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) to investigate the presence and magnitude of PE. Demographic and laboratory data, comorbidities, CTPA scores, administered treatments, and, clinical outcomes were analysed and compared between patients with and without PE. Results Thirty consecutive patients (11 women) were included. PE was diagnosed in 15 patients (50%). In patients with PE, emboli were located mainly in segmental arteries (86%) and bilaterally (60%). Patients with PE were significantly older (median age 67.0 (IQR 63.0-73.0) vs. 57.0 (IQR 48.0-69.0) years, p = .048) and did not differ in sex or risk factors for thromboembolic disease from the non-PE group. D-dimer, platelet count, and, C reactive protein values were significantly higher among PE patients. D-dimer values correlated with the radiologic magnitude of PE (p, This work was supported by IdISBa COVID-19/22 to AAF.

Introduction Previous studies have reported that the rate of FEV1 decline over time is increased in HIV patients but the mechanisms underlying this observation are unclear. Since current HIV treatment with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) results in very good immuneviral control, we hypothesized that HAART should normalize the elevated rate of FEV1 decline previously reported in HIV patients if it was somehow related to the immune alterations caused by HIV, particularly in never smokers or quitters, since smoking is a well established risk factor for accelerated FEV1 decline in the general population. Methods We explored this hypothesis in a prospectively recruited cohort of 188 HIV (smoker and non-smoker) patients treated with HAART in Palma de Mallorca (Spain) and followed-up for 6 years. The cross-sectional characteristics of this cohort have been published elsewhere. Results We found that: (1) HAART resulted in good immune-viral control; (2) the rate of FEV1 decline remained abnormally elevated, even in non-smokers and quitters; and, (3) alcohol abuse during follow-up was related to FEV1 decline in these patients. Discussion Despite adequate immune-viral control by HAART, lung function decline remains increased in most HIV patients, even in non-smokers and quitters. Alcohol abuse is a preventable risk factor to decrease the accelerated FEV1 decline in this population., This work was financed through ABAMI (Balearic Association of Infectious Diseases).The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.