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La presente investigación pretende establecer la importancia que juegan los diferentes indicadores de naturaleza metodológico-analítica incluidos en los informes de investigación presentados en los artículos científicos. Así pues, nuestro interés se centra en determinar cuáles de dichos indicadores son los mejores predictores para establecer un perfil de artículo científico con un mayor o menor grado de concreción. Para este fin, seleccionamos todos los artículos científicos publicados en las siete revistas españolas del ámbito de la investigación educativa indexadas en la base de datos Journal Citation Report (JCR) durante el año 2016. Exactamente seleccionamos un total de 479 trabajos publicados durante el trienio 2014-2016. Cada una de las revistas obtuvo una puntuación general dependiendo de la presencia vs ausencia de dichos indicadores metodológicos. Tras la implementación de la técnica de Árboles de Decisión, donde se ha tomado como variable criterio dicha variable transformada en una nueva variable ficticia agrupada en tres niveles y como predictores los diez indicadores metodológico-analíticos hemos comprobado que, efectivamente, algunos de estos indicadores juegan un papel más importante que otros en la concreción de los diseños de investigación planteados en los trabajos objeto de investigación. De esta forma, apreciamos como son los indicadores relativos a los criterios de rigor metodológico (CA1); tipo de muestreo-s considerado-s (MU3); y la metodología de abordaje del estudio (ME) los que han resultado determinantes para el establecimiento de diseños metodológico-analítico más completos., This research aims to establish the importance of the different indicators of a methodologicalanalytical nature included in the research reports presented in scientific articles. Thus, our interest is focused on determining which of these indicators are the best predictors for establishing a scientific article profile with a higher or lower degree of concreteness. For this purpose, we selected all the scientific articles published in the seven Spanish journals within the field of educational research indexed in the Journal Citation Report (JCR) database during 2016. More precisely, we selected a total of 479 papers published during the three-year period 2014-2016. Each journal obtained an overall score depending on the presence vs absence of such methodological indicators. Following the implementation of the Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection technique, where this variable, transformed into a new fictitious variable grouped into three levels, has been taken as a variable criterion, and, as predictors, the ten methodological-analytical indicators, it has been found that, in fact, some methodological-analytical indicators play a more important role than others in the concreteness of the research designs raised in the research work. In this way, we are able to determine how these indicators related to the quality criteria are (QUC); the type of sampling-s considered (ST3); and the study methodology (ME), which have been decisive for the establishment of more complete methodological-analytical designs.

The aim of this research was to examine different variables as mediators of intrinsic motivation levels in a representative sample of 3049 Spanish students. The research design was quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, crosssectional and ex post facto, using as main instrument the Educational Motivation Scale-Short Form. Outcomes reveal greater levels of self-determined motivation in non-national students and found that intrinsically oriented goals favoured academic achievement. Likewise, educational centre type acted as a modulating factor, with higher motivation scores being found to exist at public centres. Finally, greater motivational development could be determined in vocational training compared to that seen in baccalaureate studies. Overall findings lead to the interpretation of important practical implications. The value attributed to the practical component of teaching and professional practice indicates that they represent key elements of professional training which favour motivation. Along these same lines, the more favourable motivation seen in foreign students suggests that certain sociocultural values characterise these individuals which place value on educational opportunities., MCIN/ AEI PID2020.119194RB.I00

Background We aimed to describe the frequency of use and effectiveness of bezlotoxumab (BZX) and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in real-world practice. Methods This was a retrospective study conducted in a university hospital in which adult patients treated with BZX or FMT from January 2018 to April 2021 were included. The primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of BZX and FMT in preventing early (within 8 weeks) and late (within 1 year) CDI recurrences (rCDI). A multivariate analysis of risk factors for early recurrence was performed. Results Of 1377 consecutive CDI episodes, 117 (8.5%) received BZX or FMT, with full information available for 100 of the episodes: 51 received BZX, and 49 received FMT. BZX was used mostly in immunosuppressed patients (66.7%) and in first episodes or first recurrences in 70.6% of the cases. FMT was prescribed only in CDI recurrences. Despite the different conditions of the patients, there were no significant differences between BZX and FMT in preventing early rCDI (19.6% vs 24.5%; P = .55) or late rCDI (9.8% vs 18.4%; P = .31). In the multivariate analysis, risk factors for recurrence were presence of ≥2 previous rCDI episodes (odds ratio [OR], 2.90; 95% CI, 1.03–8.63) and use of non-CDI antibiotics (OR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.24–9.57). Conclusions BZX and FMT were infrequently used in real-world practice. Both treatments had similar effectiveness in preventing CDI recurrence despite their application to different populations.

Spain is one of the countries with the greatest number of unaccompanied foreign minors (UFM) whose educational and social inclusion is a challenge and a priority. The present research considers the use of tools and strategies as fundamental for the inclusion of minors and improvement of their personal learning environment (PLE): self-concept of the learning process, planning and management of this process, and communication and social interaction. Thus, a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study is presented that seeks to answer the question: What perception do unaccompanied foreign minors have of their personal learning environment and what sociodemographic variables influence these perceptions? The sample was formed by a total of 592 UFM aged between 11 and 17 years old. The main finding was that this group perceived their personal learning environment to be characterised by acceptable levels of the four main pertinent dimensions: (1) self-concept of the learning process (x = 3.97); (2) planning and management of learning (x = 3.72); (3) use of resources and tools (x = 3.31); (4) communication and social interaction (x = 3.71) (all considered on a 5-point scale). Personal learning environment was significantly determined by variables including the use of applications, age and language. As a main conclusion, there remains a lot of work to be done by institutions in order to improve the dimensions linked to PLE’s and promote the educational and social integration of minors.

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of oral colistin-neomycin in preventing multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (MDR-E) infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Methods Multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, controlled trial with balanced (1:1) randomization in five transplant units. SOT recipients were screened for MDR-E intestinal colonization (extended-spectrum β-lactamase or carbapenemase producing) before transplantation and +7 and + 14 days after transplantation and assigned 1:1 to receive treatment with colistin sulfate plus neomycin sulfate for 14 days (decolonization treatment (DT) group) or no treatment (no decolonization treatment (NDT) group). The primary outcome was diagnosis of an MDR-E infection. Safety outcomes were appearance of adverse effects, mainly diarrhoea, rash, nausea and vomiting. Patients were monitored weekly until 30 days after treatment. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Results MDR-E rectal colonization was assessed in 768 SOT recipients; 105 colonized patients were included in the clinical trial, 53 receiving DT and 52 NDT. No significant decrease in the risk of infection by MDR-E was observed in the DT group (9.4%, 5/53) compared to the NDT group (13.5%, 7/52) (relative risk 0.70; 95% confidence interval 0.24–2.08; p 0.517). Four patients (5.6%), three (5.6%) in the DT group and one (1.9%) in the NDT group, developed colistin resistance. Twelve patients (22.7%) in the DT group had diarrhoea, eight related to treatment (15.0%); one patient (1.8%) developed skin rash and another (1.8%) nausea and vomiting. Two patients (3.8%) in the NDT group developed diarrhoea. Conclusions DT does not reduce MDR-E infections in SOT. Colistin resistance and adverse effects such as diarrhoea are a potential issue that must be taken seriously.

Purpose: This study sought to validate the Skills for Future Work Scale for its use with professional/vocational training (PT) and baccalaureate students. Methods: A total of 1,159 students were recruited. Structural equation analysis was performed using IBM Amos Graphics®. Results: Excellent fit indices were obtained, forming a final scale composed of nine indicators and two factors. The first dimension was associated with cognitive skills and adaptability, grouping together the skills of finding meaning, adaptable thinking, and understanding management. The second dimension comprises collaborative skills, as social intelligence and virtual collaboration. Discussion: Collaboration skills were more developed within those undertaking PT, while baccalaureate students had more strongly developed mastery over new media. This scale allows to know effectively the development of the work skills set by the European Union in the 2030 horizon. These findings contribute interesting data regarding the development of training strategies to support insertion into the job market.

The present study seeks to develop an explanatory model of existing relationships between future work skills and academic self-efficacy of a sample of Unaccompanied foreign minors (UFM) (n = 340) i...

The present research analyses the construction of the personal learning environment of unaccompanied foreign minors in relation to their educational level with the aim of improving learning flexibility. A sample of 600 unaccompanied foreign minors from the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, responded to a questionnaire comprised of 40 questions about their personal learning environments. Results suggest that younger minors make less use of their personal learning environment, which happens for all dimensions of the questionnaire, which are self-concept of the learning process, planning and learning management, use of resources and tools, and communication and social interaction. Teachers and educators have the important role of supporting minors and teaching them to manage their personal learning environment in order to make optimal use of it. These results are discussed in terms of recommendations for the Spanish educational system or any other context with similar characteristics.

Infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in transplant patients.Retrospective single-center study to evaluate the implementation of an Antimicrobial Treatment Optimization Program (PROA) on multidrug-resistant bacteria colonization and infection after liver transplant (LT).Colonization by multidrug resistant bacteria and infections over the first year after a liver transplant were analyzed in a group of 76 transplanted patients in two stages, before and after PROA (2016-2019). Clinical variables related to infection, readmissions, and survival one year after the liver transplant were analyzed.There was good adherence to the PROA. Infection was the most frequent cause for readmission over the first year after the liver transplant . Incidence of infections was similar in both periods (mean of 1.25 and 1.5 episodes of bacterial infection per patient/year) with 19 bacterial infectious episodes, six by MDR-XDR bacteria in the pre-PROA stage, and 18 bacterial infectious episodes, five by MDR-XDR in the post-PROA stage. A 37% decrease of posTH of rectal colonization by MDR-XDR after liver transplant was observed during 2019.Epidemiological surveillance policies and antibiotic optimization are key to control the increase of colonization and infection by multidrug resistant bacteria in liver transplant units. Long-term studies are needed to better evaluate the impact of these programs.

El recurso consiste en utilizar la tecnología 3D en el proceso de aprendizaje y desarrollar una práctica virtual rutinaria en los laboratorios de Microbiología y Genética microbiana en un entorno de gamificación. El objetivo es proporcionar a la comunidad educativa un recurso que permita aprender, de una forma innovadora y aplicada, el manejo del microscopio óptico y la realización de preparaciones de muestras biológicas para su observación mediante microscopía. El recurso de realidad virtual presentado sitúa al alumno ante un laboratorio con un problema microbiológico que deberá resolver realizando un determinado procedimiento. El alumno podrá seleccionar material de laboratorio y responder a cuestiones prácticas y teóricas que le permitirán ir avanzando por diferentes escenarios para poder dar respuestas al problema planteado. El recurso se acompaña de vídeos explicativos para que el alumno realice la práctica de forma correcta, ayudándole a resolver las dudas que le puedan surgir durante el desarrollo de la misma. Al final se generará un informe de resultados en PDF en el que el alumno conocerá las respuestas correctas a las cuestiones planteadas, así como los errores más comunes. En la situación epidemiológica en la que nos encontramos actualmente, este recurso constituye una valiosa herramienta en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje puesto que favorece la interacción estrecha y directa del alumno con el material objeto de estudio y permite sumergir al estudiante de forma activa en laboratorios de Microbiología y Genética Microbiana. Al contrario de lo que ocurre con los recursos educativos publicados sobre el manejo de los microscopios (principalmente videos explicativos), este recurso permite al usuario entrar en el laboratorio e interactuar con él de manera individualizada y con autonomía personal sin necesidad de presencialidad. De esta manera, los laboratorios físicos pueden utilizarse de manera más eficiente sin saturación o masificación. Cuando el alumno llegue al laboratorio físico estará mucho más familiarizado con dicho entorno y necesitará menos tiempo para lograr alcanzar los objetivos marcados. Este recurso proporciona una formación complementaria en los aspectos básicos de la Microbiología y de la Genética microbiana, facilitando material multimedia complementario para preparar y entender mejor las prácticas de laboratorio. Así mismo, esta herramienta le servirá al estudiante para identificar y nombrar correctamente los diferentes materiales del que consta un laboratorio de estas características, así como aprender a utilizarlos de forma adecuada. Por otra parte, le servirá para consolidar conocimientos aprendidos previamente al tener que utilizarlos para poder avanzar y así superar el/los reto/s planteado/s. En cuanto a los objetivos específicos que se pretenden alcanzar con este recurso, el alumno conocerá el nombre y función de cada uno de los componentes del microscopio óptico de campo claro, adquirirá destrezas en su manejo y podrá realizar diversas preparaciones de muestras biológicas en fresco y aplicando métodos específicos de tinciones de interés en las prácticas de las asignaturas de Biología, Microbiología y Genética Microbiana. En definitiva, este recurso es una herramienta práctico-didáctica en un formato muy atractivo e innovador para el alumno, que le permitirá una inmersión total en laboratorios de Microbiología y Genética Microbiana, al tiempo que le permite adquirir un papel activo y personal en el desarrollo de la/s práctica/s que debe llevar a cabo. Este tipo de recursos podría inspirar a otras disciplinas a presentar prácticas en 3D y, de esta forma, la Universidad de Sevilla puede presentar como innovación un servicio de laboratorios virtuales donde cada alumno con su identificación personal (o avatar) pueda acceder a una lista de prácticas virtuales desde la plataforma e-learning de la US (Blackboard Learn).

Background Phytophthora spp., soil-borne oomycetes, cause brown rot (BR) on postharvest lemons. The management of this disease is based on cultural practices and chemical control using inorganic salts of limited efficacy. In the search of new alternatives, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of low toxicity compounds to inhibit the growth of P. citrophthora and to control BR disease on lemons. Sodium bicarbonate, potassium sorbate, polyhexamethylene guanidine, Ascophyllum nodosum extract and a formulation containing phosphite salts plus A. nodosum (P + An) were evaluated. Results All tested products inhibited mycelial growth, sporangia formation, and zoospore germination of P. citrophtora in vitro. In postharvest applications on artificially inoculated lemons, only P + An exhibited BR curative effect with incidence reduction of around 60%. When this formulation was applied in field treatments, BR incidence was reduced 40% on lemons harvested and inoculated up to 30 d post-application. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the in vitro direct anti-oomycete effect of low toxicity compounds and the in vivo efficacy of P + An formulation to control BR, encouraging the incorporation of the later to the management of citrus BR. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Despite gender is a salient feature in face recognition, the question of whether stereotyping modulates face processing remains unexplored. Event-related potentials from 40 participants (20 female) was recorded as male and female faces matched or mismatched previous gender-stereotyped statements and were compared with those elicited by faces preceded by gender-unbiased statements. We conducted linear mixed-effects models to account for possible random effects from both participants and the strength of the gender bias. The amplitude of the N170 to faces was larger following stereotyped relative to gender-unbiased statements in both male and female participants, although the effect was larger for males. This result reveals that stereotyping exerts an early effect in face processing and that the impact is higher in men. In later time windows, male faces after female-stereotyped statements elicited large late positivity potential (LPP) responses in both men and women, indicating that the violation of male stereotypes induces a post-perceptual reevaluation of a salient or conflicting event. Besides, the largest LPP amplitude in women was elicited when they encountered a female face after a female-stereotyped statement. The later result is discussed from the perspective of recent claims on the evolution of women self-identification with traditionally held female roles.

espanolEste estudio tiene como finalidad general mejorar la comprension y descripcion del campo de la orientacion, tutoria y accion tutorial mediante un analisis cienciometrico. Se recurre a una metodologia de registro y analisis mixto (SPSSStatistics y Nvivo ) de la produccion de 1054 articulos de investigacion registrados en las bases de datos SCOPUS, ISOC, ProQuest y Redinet. Los resultados muestran patrones no esperados de crecimiento de la productividad y autoria personal e institucional. Se muestran limitaciones referidas al acceso y recuperacion de documentos para su examen y registro adecuado que se superan con el uso de diversas bases de datos y una muestra amplia. Se puede concluir que la investigacion en esta disciplina emergente posee madurez productiva y una adecuacion a los nuevos y actuales topicos educativos como atencion a la diversidad o desarrollo personal. Aunque requiere de estudios de revision que permitan obtener una vision del campo de conocimiento. EnglishThis study aims to understand and describe the field of guidance, tutoring, and tutorial action by performing a scientometric analysis of 1054 research articles. The articles were retrieved from four databases (SCOPUS, ISOC, ProQuest and Redinet) and were examined to record and analyze (SPSSStatistics and Nvivo) the production of academic research articles. The results showed an unexpected pattern of productivity in personal and institutional authorship. There were also limitations related to access and retrieval of the research articles for their examination and proper registration. But, these limitations were overcomed by using multiple databases and a large sample size. It can be concluded that research on guidance, mentoring, and tutorial action has achieved research production maturity and has adaptated succesfully to new and current educational topics such as attention to diversity and personal development. However, the field still requires review studies that allow obtaining a vision of its field of knowledge

In our target article (Hinojosa et al., 2019. Affective neurolinguistics: Towards a framework for reconciling language and emotion. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.10...

Human sociality and prosociality rely on social and moral feelings of empathy, compassion, envy, schadenfreude, as well as on the preference for prosocial over antisocial others. We examined the neural underpinnings of the processing of lexical input designed to tap into these type of social feelings. Brainwave responses from 20 participants were measured as they read sentences comprising a randomly delivered ending outcome (fortunate or unfortunate) to social agents previously profiled as prosocial or antisocial individuals. Fortunate outcomes delivered to prosocial and antisocial agents aimed to tap into empathy and envy/annoying feelings, respectively, whereas unfortunate ones into compassion for prosocial agents and schadenfreude for antisocial ones. ERP modulations in early attention-capture (100-200 ms), semantic fit (400 ms), and late reanalysis processes (600 ms) were analyzed. According to the functional interpretation of each of these event-related electrophysiological effects, we conclude that: 1) a higher capture of attention is initially obtained in response to any type of outcome delivered to a prosocial versus an antisocial agent (frontal P2); 2) a facilitated semantic processing occurs for unfortunate outcomes delivered to antisocial agents (N400); and 3) regardless of the protagonist's social profile, an increased later reevaluation for overall unfortunate versus fortunate outcomes takes place (Late Positive Potential). Thus, neural online measures capture a stepwise unfolding impact of social factors during language comprehension, which include a facilitated processing of misfortunes when they happen to occur to antisocial peers (i.e., schadenfreude).

TRANSFORMACION DE LOS APRENDIZAJES EN CONTEXTOS HIBRIDOS PARA LA INCLUSION EDUCATIVA Y LABORAL DE SECTORES ESPECIALMENTE VULNERABLES CON ENFASIS EN MENAS. TYNDALL/UFM. Reference: PID2020-119194RB-I00, financed by MCIN /AEI/10.13039/501100011033., The aim of the present study is to analyze individual differences in academic self-efficacy within a population of Unaccompanied Foreign Minors (UFM) from the European cities of Ceuta and Melilla (Spain). Variables describing educational level and length of stay were considered in a sample of 377 individuals being cared for in different youth centers. Of these, 63.4% belonged to the group who had stayed at the center for less than 9 months and 36.6% reported a length of stay of more than 9 months. The age of participants ranged between 8 and 17 years old (M = 14.87 years). Once the quality parameters of the instrument (academic self-efficacy) were elaborated, reliability and validity was confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) methodology. Data collection was then initiated. The results overall indicate that 87.6% of those who completed the questionnaire reported a higher level of self-efficacy with regards to working with any classmate, whilst at the same time seeing themselves as capable of achieving good marks. ANOVA results indicated significant differences with respect to educational level and length of stay. In this regard, students who had received professional training and had been at the Center for more than 9 months, were the ones who developed greater academic self-efficacy for spending more time working when tasks were judged to be difficult. The results obtained demonstrate that any intervention will be positive as long as it promotes different institutions to develop strategies that cater to a length of stay of more than 9 months and target education, academic self-efficacy, socialization and strengthening the future workforce. Such interventions can be directed through new European, Spanish or local level policies. It is clear that institutions still have a lot of work left to do., TRANSFORMACION DE LOS APRENDIZAJES EN CONTEXTOS HIBRIDOS PARA LA INCLUSION EDUCATIVA Y LABORAL DE SECTORES ESPECIALMENTE VULNERABLES CON ENFASIS EN MENAS by MCIN /AEI PID2020-119194RB-I00, MCIN /AEI/10.13039/501100011033

Background Both fidaxomicin and bezlotoxumab (used in combination with an antibiotic against Clostridioides difficile) achieve reductions in recurrence rates of C. difficile infection (CDI). However, the two strategies have never been compared. Methods Data from two retrospective cohorts of ‘real-life’ use of fidaxomicin and bezlotoxumab in combination with a standard anti-C. difficile antibiotic were used to compare the rates of recurrence of both strategies. Since the two cohorts were not identical, we used a propensity score analysis. Results Three hundred and two patients were included: 244 in the fidaxomicin cohort and 78 in the bezlotoxumab cohort. A history of renal failure or immunosuppression was more frequent in patients receiving bezlotoxumab (39.7% and 66.7% versus 26.6% and 38.9%; P = 0.03 and P Conclusions We observed that fidaxomicin and bezlotoxumab are prescribed in similar clinical scenarios, although those treated with bezlotoxumab have greater comorbidity. The proportion of recurrences was numerically lower in those treated with bezlotoxumab, although the propensity analysis did not find significant differences between the two drugs.

Introduction The incidence of nosocomial infections including ventilator-associated pneumonia and bacteraemia has been described during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, information regarding the impact of COVID-19 on the incidence of Catheter-Related bloodstream infections (CR-BSIs) is very limited. Our aim is to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the evolution of CR-BSIs in a large hospital Material and Methods Retrospective study comparing the incidence, aetiology and outcome of CR-BSIs during the months of March to May 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2020 (during the pandemic). Results The number of patients with one or more CR-BSIs in 2019 and 2020 were 23 and 58 respectively (1.89 vs 5.53/ 1,000 admissions); p

8 páginas, 2 figuras, 1 tabla., SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial outbreaks in the first COVID-19 wave were likely associated with a shortage of personal protective equipment and scarce indications on control measures. Having covered these limitations, updates on current SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial outbreaks are required. We carried out an in-depth analysis of a 27-day nosocomial outbreak in a gastroenterology ward in our hospital, potentially involving 15 patients and 3 health care workers. Patients had stayed in one of three neighboring rooms in the ward. The severity of the infections in six of the cases and a high fatality rate made the clinicians suspect the possible involvement of a single virulent strain persisting in those rooms. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of the strains from 12 patients and 1 health care worker revealed an unexpected complexity. Five different SARS-CoV-2 strains were identified, two infecting a single patient each, ruling out their relationship with the outbreak; the remaining three strains were involved in three independent, overlapping, limited transmission clusters with three, three, and five cases. Whole-genome sequencing was key to understand the complexity of this outbreak. IMPORTANCE We report a complex epidemiological scenario of a nosocomial COVID-19 outbreak in the second wave, based on WGS analysis. Initially, standard epidemiological findings led to the assumption of a homogeneous outbreak caused by a single SARS-CoV-2 strain. The discriminatory power of WGS offered a strikingly different perspective consisting of five introductions of different strains, with only half of them causing secondary cases in three independent overlapping clusters. Our study exemplifies how complex the SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the nosocomial setting during the second COVID-19 wave occurred and leads to extending the analysis of outbreaks beyond the initial epidemiological assumptions., This work was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Ref COV20/00140: SeqCOVIDConsorcio para la epidemiología genómica de SARS-CoV-2 en España) and by Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) (PTI Salud Global). L.P.-L. holds Miguel Servet contracts CP15/00075 and CPII20/00001.

Background After embryonic development, Caenorhabditis elegans progress through for larval stages, each of them finishing with molting. The repetitive nature of C. elegans postembryonic development is considered an oscillatory process, a concept that has gained traction from regulation by a circadian clock gene homologue. Nevertheless, each larval stage has a defined duration and entails specific events. Since the overall duration of development is controlled by numerous factors, we have asked whether different rate-limiting interventions impact all stages equally. Results We have measured the duration of each stage of development for over 2500 larvae, under varied environmental conditions known to alter overall developmental rate. We applied changes in temperature and in the quantity and quality of nutrition and analysed the effect of genetically reduced insulin signalling. Our results show that the distinct developmental stages respond differently to these perturbations. The changes in the duration of specific larval stages seem to depend on stage-specific events. Furthermore, our high-resolution measurement of the effect of temperature on the stage-specific duration of development has unveiled novel features of temperature dependence in C. elegans postembryonic development. Conclusions Altogether, our results show that multiple factors fine tune developmental timing, impacting larval stages independently. Further understanding of the regulation of this process will allow modelling the mechanisms that control developmental timing.

Few studies have investigated the psychometric properties of the Scale for Contraversive Pushing (SCP) in depth, and none have evaluated its ability to establish differential diagnosis between pusher behavior (PB) and thalamic astasia (TA).: To study the ability of the SCP to establish differential diagnosis, its reliability, content, construct, and internal validity in the assessment of subacute stroke patients.: 120 individuals were evaluated using the SCP over a four-week period of treatment. Intra- and inter-observer reliability, floor and ceiling effects, minimum detectable change (MDC), internal validity and sensitivity to change were explored. In addition, the Barthel Index and the Trunk Control Test were used to study their correlations with the SCP.: Discriminant validity provides evidence that the correlation between SCP items was large or moderate. Convergent validity demonstrated that the correlation of each item with the total score of the scale was high (at around 0.8). Sensitivity to change was large (W = 0.274). Intra- and inter-observer reliability were excellent (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient0.9; k0.8), except for items B standing and C sitting (k 0.7). The MDC was 1.39, and ceiling (8.333%) and floor (15.833%) effects were adequate. Cronbach's alpha (α) was equal to 0.901 (0.874-0.924) and McDonald's Omega (ω) was equal to 0.883 (0.856-0.973), showing excellent internal consistency.: The SCP is a reliable and valid tool which can successfully establish differential diagnosis between PB and TA and evaluate the changes generated by physiotherapy treatment.

The present study which is descriptive and cross-sectional in nature, pursues the objective of developing a structural equation model which integrates basic psychological needs, emotional regulatio...

The purpose of the current investigation is the construction and validation of the Self-Efficacy Scale (ACAES) through a deliberate sample of 1101 Chilean school students. The methodological procedure was carried out from the classic approach perspective of the theory of the test, complementing the exploratory factor analysis with the models of the structural equation modeling (SEM). The exploratory factor analysis of the 18 statements of the scale showed a structure of 3 factors, namely: confidence in the task; effort made in performing the task and comprehension of the task. The statistics associated to the instrument show a 57.037% of explained variance and a Cronbach alpha of the total scale of 0.917. At confirmatory level (SEM), the model obtained a goodness degree of global adjustment (Chi Square /gl) equal to 2.87, a RMSEA equal to 0.049, as well as, adequate adjustment index, namely, CFI=0.963; IFI=0.963 and RMSR (standardised)=0.0359. The psychometric properties account for a valid and reliable instrument for measurement of academic self-efficacy in school context, as well as, to facilitate cognitive and metacognitive processes as self-regulatory learning strategy.

Esta investigación presenta un análisis cualitativo de las entrevistas realizadas a cinco de los mayores expertos en el área de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales en España, con el objetivo de delimitar epistemológicamente el área, y conocer el estado de la cuestión, como marco para futuras investigaciones cienciométricas de las tesis doctorales del área. Para ello, se analizaron las entrevistas empleando Atlas.ti, y se realizó un sistema de categorías validado por expertos. Los resultados permitieron delimitar el área a las disciplinas que conforman el currículo tradicionalmente en nuestro país dentro de esta área: Historia, Historia del Arte y Geografía. Los expertos resaltaron el buen recorrido que ha tenido la disciplina desde su creación, y su preocupación del futuro de la investigación en el área.

Standard neurocognitive models of language processing have tended to obviate the need for incorporating emotion processes, while affective neuroscience theories have typically been concerned with t...

Several behavioral studies have reported a detrimental effect of emotion on reasoning tasks, either when the content of the reasoning and/or the mood state of the individual are emotionally loaded. However, the neural mechanisms involved in this phenomena remain largely unexplored. In an event-related potentials (ERPs) study, we examined the consequences of an induced mood over the electrophysiological signals obtained while processing logical and illogical categorical conclusions. Prior to performing a syllogism reading task, we aimed to induce, by using short film clips, high arousal negative and positive moods and neutral affective states to participants in three separate recording sessions. Our mood induction procedure was only successful at inducing a highly arousing negative state. Behaviorally, participants committed more errors overall while judging the invalidity versus the validity of illogical and logical conclusions, respectively, but no influences from mood state emerged at this logical validity task. Electrophysiologically and overall a negative going N400 deflection was larger for illogical relative to logical conclusions in a parietal region between 300 and 420 ms. However, further analysis revealed that the logical conclusions were only more expected (smaller N400 amplitudes) in the negative relative to the neutral and the positive sessions, providing support to theoretical views that posit that a more analytic reasoning style might be implemented under a negative mood state. These results provide further electrophysiological evidence of the influence of mood on other cognitive processes, particularly on the anticipation and processing of logical conclusions during online reasoning tasks.

Italian Dyslexia Association (Messina section); Orientation and Placement Centre -University of Messina (Italy), Although the number of students with dyslexia enrolled in Italian universities is constantly growing, their presence remains relatively limited. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the choices made by students with dyslexia in relation to university studies, and the underlying reasons for their choices. This study also compares these choices for students with and without dyslexia. In all, 440 high school students and their families agreed to take part in this project. Socio-demographic data was collected for the 47 students with dyslexia and 47 class-matched students without dyslexia, along with information on their current schools and their future educational plans. A specially developed questionnaire was used for the students, in combination with structured interviews with their families. The results show significant differences between these groups regarding both choices for university studies and the underlying motivations for these choices. Furthermore, certain psychological and emotional factors are implicated here in the decisions of the students with dyslexia regarding both university studies and their underlying reasons. Future research is needed to further investigate these factors in the educational choices of students with dyslexia., Italian Dyslexia Association (Messina section), Orientation and Placement Centre - University of Messina (Italy)