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Aim To determine predictive factors of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) results in breast cancer (BC) patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), and subsequent staging using Targeted Axillary Dissection (TAD). Material and method Case-control study between January 2016 and August 2019. Patients with BC, cN1 staging, marked with a metallic clip prior to NACT, and subsequently staged with TAD and ALND were included. They were divided into 2 groups: ALND patients with or without metastatic involvement (group 1 and group 2, respectively). We carried out a univariate analysis comparing clinical, radiological, surgical and pathological variables, and a logistic regression, (dependent variable: positive result of ALND; independent variables: number of suspicious lymph nodes in diagnostic ultrasound, positive hormone receptors, HER2 positive, complete clinical-radiological response to NACT, positive TAD, and biopsy of ≤2 nodes in TAD). A score for prediction of a metastatic ALND was proposed, with an internal validation study. Results 60 patients were included: Group 1: 33 (55.0%); Group 2: 27 (45.0%). Tumor size (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.67; 95%CI 1.02–2.74), number of suspected nodes in ultrasound (OR = 2.20; 95%CI 1.01–4, 77), HER2 positive (OR 0.04; 95%CI 0.003–0.54), clinical-radiological response to NACT (OR = 0.07; 95%CI 0.01–0.75), and positive TAD (OR 15.48; 95%CI 1.68–142.78) were independent predictors of a positive result in ALND. We developed a “positive ALND predictive score”, with good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test: p = 0.65), and discrimination (AUC = 0.93; 95% CI 0, 87–0.99), with highest Youden index (0.7) at cut-off point of 17% risk of positive ALND (sensitivity = 100%; specificity = 70%). Conclusion Tumor size, number of suspected nodes, positive HER2, response to NACT, and metastatic TAD are independent predictors of ALND. The predictive score for positive ALND would be a good indicator to safely omit ALND.

The possibility of avoiding axillary lymphadenectomy (AL) in patients with breast cancer (BC) after positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and low metastatic burden (ó = 2 positive lymph nodes) has put into question the role of axillary ultrasound due to the risk of overtreatment after positive axillary lymph node biopsy with low metastatic burden. Our aim was to identify clinical and ultrasound features to detect low and high metastatic burden.A retrospective study of 405 BC patients with primary surgical treatment with axillary ultrasound examination and subsequent AL after positive fine needle aspiration (FNA) or SLNB. The low and high tumor burdens after AL were correlated with clinical and ultrasound variables: lymph node morphology (UN1 to UN5), number of suspicious lymph nodes, and Berg level.Positive FNA, lymph node morphology UN4 (focal thickening with displacement of the fatty hilum) or UN5 (complete replacement of the fatty hilum) and2 suspicious lymph nodes were significantly associated with "high metastatic burden". Lymph node morphology UN2 and UN3, even after FNA+, lymph node morphology UN4 after FNA-, and suspicious lymph nodes at Berg level I were low metastatic burden criteria. Lymph node morphology UN5, lymph node morphology UN4 after FNA+, two nodes or more with UN4/UN5 morphology, and suspicious lymph nodes at Berg levels II and III with FNA+ were associated with high metastatic burden.Axillary lymph node ultrasound data for patients with early BC allows predicting the axillary metastatic burden, guiding the optimal clinical management of the axilla.

Aim to study the feasibility and value of “Targeted Axillary Dissection” (TAD) in cN1 breast cancer (BC) patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), in order to avoid unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Materials and methods Design: Prospective observational study. Inclusion criteria: Patients with histologically confirmed cN1 staging BC and treated with NACT between January 2016 and August 2019 who accomplished clinical response. Method: Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) positive axillary nodes were marked with a metallic clip prior to neoadjuvant treatment. All patients were summited to TAD and ALND. Analysis of data: We performed [1]: a feasibility analysis of clinical, radiological and pathological variables, as well as difficulties and complications of the TAD [2]; a diagnostic test study of the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), clipped lymph node biopsy (BCLIP) and their combination (TAD), using ALND as the Gold Standard. Results 60 patients were included. 43 patients (71.7%) had a complete clinical lymph node response to NACT. Neither limitations nor complications in clip placement were found. Intraoperative location of the clipped node was problematic in 7 cases (11.7%). The pathological complete response rate (pCR) was 30.5% (18 patients) and ypN0 staging rate was 38.3% (23 patients). Sensitivity values of each technique were: SLNB: 80.9% (95%CI: 61.8–100); BCLIP: 80.8% (95%CI: 63.7–97.8); TAD: 92.6% (95%CI: 80.9–100) with negative predictive values of: SLNB: 84.6% (95%CI: 68.8–100); BCLIP: 81.0% (95%CI: 63.7–97.8); TAD: 91.3% (95%CI: 77.6–100). Conclusion TAD is feasible and valid to rule out axillary metastatic involvement in cN1 breast cancer patients who respond to NACT.

Targeted axillary dissection (TAD) consists of a new axillary staging technique that combines sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and clipped lymph node biopsy (CLNB) in the same surgery, in order to re-stage patients with breast cancer and positive axillary lymph nodes undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAQT). Prior to the NAQT, the affected lymph node is punctured and a solid marker is left inside echo-guided, in order to biopsy it in the subsequent surgery. There are numerous types of markers: metallic (steel, titanium or polyglycolic acid clips), radioiodine or ferromagnetic seeds, which differ in the method of location (wire, gamma-detection or magnetic probe). The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review about the current status of the TAD, as well as to explain the different techniques and types of axillary marking, based on the current available evidence.

e12524 Background: Nodal micrometastatic disease (ypN1mic) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) for breast cancer (BC) is considered an indication for axillary lymph node disection. While pN1mic prognostic impact has been extensively studied, the prognostic impact of ypN1mic disease is uncertain and these patients are usually grouped together with nodal macrometastatic disease. Since outcomes may be difficult to evaluate in the setting of BC residual disease, our aim was to compare the prognostic meaning of ypN1mic with that of ypN0 when a pCR is obtained in the breast. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a series of 454 BC consecutive patients treated between 2010 and 2018 with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) based on anthracyclines and taxanes (plus antiHER2 treatment when appropriate). Pathologic complete response (pCR) was defined as ypT0/Tis ypN0. Patients with pre-nCT sentinel lymph node biopsy or without post-nCT pathologic evaluation were excluded. Disease free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models. Results: 454 BC patients were included, with 106 (24%) pCR. Median follow-up was 39 months. 99 (21.8%) patients obtained a pCR both in breast and axilla (ypT0/Tis ypN0), with 4 recurrences (4%) while only 7 (1.5%) patients had isolated nodal micrometastatic disease (ypT0/Tis ypN1mic), with 2 recurrences (28%). Median DFS was not reached for the ypN0 group and was 28 months (95%CI: 21.6-34.4 months) for the ypN1mic group (HR: 16.55, 95%cI: 2.68-102.37; p = 0.003). No differences were observed for OS (p = 0.77), although 2/2 ypN1mi showed distant recurrence (2/4 for ypN0 patients). Baseline clinical and pathologic characteristics were comparable between both groups, with no differences in performance status (p = 0.45), clinical nodal stage (p = 0.48), HER2 (p = 0.32), estrogen receptors (p = 0.93), grade (p = 0.34), presence of carcinoma in situ (0.60) or clinical complete response (p = 0.42). Clinical characteristics of patients with recurrence were also similar (100%: clinically positive nodes, negative estrogen receptors, no clinical complete response). Conclusions: Residual nodal micrometastatic disease after nCT seems to be associated with a higher risk of recurrence. Although longer follow-up and larger series are needed to confirm our data, these results support the escalation of post-nCT treatment even in patients with ypN1mic and breast pCR.

Aim. To study the feasibility and validity of ultrasound-guided pre-chemotherapy marking of metastatic axillary lymph nodes followed by targeted axillary dissection (TAD), in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Material and method Prospective diagnostic test study conducted between January 2016 and March 2018. Patients with breast cancer and indication for NACT, cN1 or cN2 axillary staging, were included. A clip was placed in the affected lymph node prior to NACT. A sentinel lymph-node biopsy (SLNB) and a clipped lymph-node biopsy (BCLIP) were conducted, followed by axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Location rate (LR) and negative predictive value (NPV) were evaluated, taking SLNB, BCLIP and their combination (TAD) as evaluated tests and metastatic involvement in the ALND specimen as the gold standard. Results Twenty-three patients were included in the study. Sentinel lymph node could only be detected in 19 cases (LR = 80.61%), whereas BCLIP was successful in 22 (LR = 95.65%). The sentinel lymph node coincided with the marked lymph node in 14 patients (60.9%). We found a NPV for the SLNB of 0.85 (95%CI: 0.61–1.0), whereas for TAD it was 1.00 (95%CI: 0.74–1.0). Conclusion TAD is a feasible test for axillary restaging after NACT, with a higher success rate than SLNB.

Resumen La valoracion clinica combinada con distintas exploraciones complementarias, principalmente la mamografia y la ecografia, constituye la aproximacion habitual en el diagnostico de una lesion sospechosa de mama en pacientes sintomaticas. En el caso de mujeres asintomaticas sometidas a cribado poblacional, la mamografia y/o la ecografia suponen el establecimiento de la sospecha y el inicio de cualquier protocolo diagnostico. Sin embargo, ninguna de estas tecnologias aplicada aisladamente o en combinacion es capaz de diferenciar el 100% de las lesiones malignas, por lo que resulta necesario en muchas ocasiones recurrir a la biopsia para confirmar el diagnostico. Un alto porcentaje de estas biopsias resultan finalmente benignas, pero a costa de una inevitable morbilidad asociada (que no es exclusivamente la ansiedad) para la paciente y un aumento en el consumo de recursos. En el sistema Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System ® , la categoria 3 (hallazgo probablemente benigno) es la que mayor variabilidad interobservador presenta, no solo en la descripcion, sino tambien en el manejo, esto es seguimiento o biopsia. Encontrar el equilibrio entre no perder la posibilidad de un diagnostico precoz y no abusar de pruebas intervencionistas, con la mayor eficacia y garantia para la paciente al menor coste, es el desafio que se plantea: un desarrollo conceptual y/o tecnologico que mejore el rendimiento diagnostico de estas exploraciones y nos permita tomar decisiones adecuadas en este contexto de variabilidad.

Resumen Introduccion La extirpacion quirurgica guiada de lesiones no palpables de mama presenta dificultades tecnicas que son mayores cuando las lesiones que deben ser extirpadas no son ecovisibles. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar una modificacion de la tecnica de biopsia consistente en anadir a la habitual colocacion del “arpon” con guia mamografica, el marcaje por parte del radiologo del lugar mas adecuado de la incision mediante la localizacion ecografica del extremo de este Pacientes y metodo Se evaluo a 50 pacientes consecutivas sometidas a biopsia por lesiones de mama no palpables y no ecovisibles, divididas en 2 grupos: grupo A (modificacion tecnica, n = 25) con identificacion ecografica del arpon insertado, y grupo B (historico, n = 25) con la tecnica de biopsia tradicional. Se compararon los diametros de las lesiones y de las piezas quirurgicas, los porcentajes de fragmentacion de las muestras y los de infiltracion de margenes cuando el resultado fue de carcinoma Resultados En el grupo A se obtuvieron piezas de menor diametro (4,85 ± 0,9 frente a 6 ± 2,03 cm; p Conclusiones La modificacion tecnica propuesta permite realizar una exeresis mas adecuada y sencilla de lesiones de mama no palpables y no ecovisibles, sin ninguna dotacion tecnologica adicional

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is a fibrosing disorder that affects patients with impaired renal function and is associated with the administration of gadolinium-based contrast media used in MRI. Despite being in a group of drugs that were considered safe, report about this potentially serious adverse reaction was a turning point in the administration guidelines of these contrast media. There has been an attempt to establish safety parameters to identify patients with risk factors of renal failure. The close pharmacovigilance and strict observation of current regulations, with special attention being paid to the value of glomerular filtration, have reduced the published cases involving the use of gadolinium-based contrast media. In a meeting between radiologists and nephrologists we reviewed the most relevant aspects currently and recommendations for its prevention.

Intracystic papillary carcinoma is an uncommon noninvasive breast cancer with an excellent prognosis. We report the case of a 74-year-old man. Of the diagnostic tests performed, ultrasonography and pneumocystography were useful for establishing a diagnostic suspicion, however, puncture cytology was inaccurate. Excisional biopsy was necessary to confirm the disease, but also to indicate that local treatment was sufficient.