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IntroductionCarbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli (CP-Eco) isolates, though less prevalent than other CP-Enterobacterales, have the capacity to rapidly disseminate antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and cause serious difficult-to-treat infections. The aim of this study is phenotypically and genotypically characterizing CP-Eco isolates collected from Spain to better understand their resistance mechanisms and population structure.MethodsNinety representative isolates received from 2015 to 2020 from 25 provinces and 59 hospitals Spanish hospitals were included. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined according to EUCAST guidelines and whole-genome sequencing was performed. Antibiotic resistance and virulence-associated genes, phylogeny and population structure, and carbapenemase genes-carrying plasmids were analyzed.Results and discussionThe 90 CP-Eco isolates were highly polyclonal, where the most prevalent was ST131, detected in 14 (15.6%) of the isolates. The carbapenemase genes detected were blaOXA-48 (45.6%), blaVIM-1 (23.3%), blaNDM-1 (7.8%), blaKPC-3 (6.7%), and blaNDM-5 (6.7%). Forty (44.4%) were resistant to 6 or more antibiotic groups and the most active antibiotics were colistin (98.9%), plazomicin (92.2%) and cefiderocol (92.2%). Four of the seven cefiderocol-resistant isolates belonged to ST167 and six harbored blaNDM. Five of the plazomicin-resistant isolates harbored rmt. IncL plasmids were the most frequent (45.7%) and eight of these harbored blaVIM-1. blaOXA-48 was found in IncF plasmids in eight isolates. Metallo-β-lactamases were more frequent in isolates with resistance to six or more antibiotic groups, with their genes often present on the same plasmid/integron. ST131 isolates were associated with sat and pap virulence genes. This study highlights the genetic versatility of CP-Eco and its potential to disseminate ARGs and cause community and nosocomial infections.

The current study intends to evaluate the link between the affects observed by citizens on athletic events, the perception of their contribution to municipalities' sustainable development, and support for their celebration. A total of 2049 inhabitants from the Valencian Community's three provincial capitals (Spain) took part in this study, which used a stratified random sample with proportionate allocation. The causal association model fit well, with RMSEA = 0.044, NNFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.95, and IFI = 0.95. The study's findings demonstrate that residents' perceptions of the positive and negative impacts caused by sporting events in their communities are an antecedent that explains how these events contribute to sustainable urban development. A positive relationship between perceived sustainable development and support for the hosting of sport events in these localities was also found. These results highlight the need to promote sustainable management development of any sporting event to increase local support from the residents.

This study aims to analyse the determinants of sport science students’ entrepreneurial intentions considering the cultural effect on these relationships. The sample comprises 764 final-year sport science students from five European countries: Lithuania, Spain, Ukraine, Serbia, and Croatia. A validated structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The results showed significant direct effects between attitude towards behaviour and perceived behavioural control in sport science students’ entrepreneurial intentions in all countries. Entrepreneurial skills presented an indirect impact (through attitude and perceived behavioural control) on all countries’ entrepreneurial intentions. However, the importance of each of these variables in explaining entrepreneurial intentions varied according to the students’ national culture. This study presents a series of educational policy implications to improve sports science students’ employability by developing their entrepreneurial spirit.

ObjectivesCARB-ES-19 is a comprehensive, multicenter, nationwide study integrating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CP-Kpn) and E. coli (CP-Eco) to determine their incidence, geographical distribution, phylogeny, and resistance mechanisms in Spain.MethodsIn total, 71 hospitals, representing all 50 Spanish provinces, collected the first 10 isolates per hospital (February to May 2019); CPE isolates were first identified according to EUCAST (meropenem MIC > 0.12 mg/L with immunochromatography, colorimetric tests, carbapenem inactivation, or carbapenem hydrolysis with MALDI-TOF). Prevalence and incidence were calculated according to population denominators. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution method (EUCAST). All 403 isolates collected were sequenced for high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing, core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), and resistome analysis.ResultsIn total, 377 (93.5%) CP-Kpn and 26 (6.5%) CP-Eco isolates were collected from 62 (87.3%) hospitals in 46 (92%) provinces. CP-Kpn was more prevalent in the blood (5.8%, 50/853) than in the urine (1.4%, 201/14,464). The cumulative incidence for both CP-Kpn and CP-Eco was 0.05 per 100 admitted patients. The main carbapenemase genes identified in CP-Kpn were blaOXA–48 (263/377), blaKPC–3 (62/377), blaVIM–1 (28/377), and blaNDM–1 (12/377). All isolates were susceptible to at least two antibiotics. Interregional dissemination of eight high-risk CP-Kpn clones was detected, mainly ST307/OXA-48 (16.4%), ST11/OXA-48 (16.4%), and ST512-ST258/KPC (13.8%). ST512/KPC and ST15/OXA-48 were the most frequent bacteremia-causative clones. The average number of acquired resistance genes was higher in CP-Kpn (7.9) than in CP-Eco (5.5).ConclusionThis study serves as a first step toward WGS integration in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Spain. We detected important epidemiological changes, including increased CP-Kpn and CP-Eco prevalence and incidence compared to previous studies, wide interregional dissemination, and increased dissemination of high-risk clones, such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3.

Debido a las altas tasas de desempleo juvenil en España, y a que el deporte es un sector que se encuentra en crecimiento, se deben buscar fórmulas para fomentar el emprendimiento y así mejorar la empleabilidad de los futuros graduados del sector deportivo. Sin embargo, pese a que poco a poco está aumentando el número de emprendedores, todavía existe una brecha de género entre el número de hombres y mujeres emprendedoras. Por consiguiente, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar si la educación emprendedora deportiva tiene un efecto diferente en los estudiantes en función del género de éstos. Para ello, se ha analizado una muestra de 45 estudiantes de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte de la Universidad de Valencia que se encontraban realizando un curso de gestión deportiva y emprendimiento. Se realizó un diseño longitudinal, con un pre-test y un post-test, utilizando un cuestionario para medir dichos efectos. Los resultados muestran que la educación emprendedora tuvo diferente impacto en función del género de los estudiantes, a pesar que ambos mejoraron en la percepción del clima universitarios hacia el emprendimiento, los hombres mejoraron significativamente su control del comportamiento percibido mientras que las mujeres mejoraron su percepción de las habilidades emprendedoras. Finalmente, se proponen una serie de implicaciones prácticas a la hora de realizar políticas de educación deportiva desde la universidad para el fomento del emprendimiento deportivo tanto en estudiantes de género masculino como femenino. Abstract: Due to the high rates of youth unemployment in Spain, and the fact that sport is a growing sector, formulas must be sought to encourage entrepreneurship and thus improve the employability of future graduates of the sport sector. However, although the number of entrepreneurs is gradually increasing, there is still a gender gap between the number of entrepreneurial men compared to entrepreneurial women. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse whether sports entrepreneurship education has a different effect on sport sciences students depending on their gender. To this end, a sample of 45 sport sciences students from the University of Valencia who were attending a course in sports management and entrepreneurship was analysed. A longitudinal design was carried out, with a pre-test and a post-test, using a questionnaire to measure these effects. The results show that entrepreneurial education had a different impact depending on the gender of the students, although both improved the perception of the university climate towards entrepreneurship, men significantly improved their perceived behavioural control meanwhile women improved their perception of entrepreneurial skills. Finally, a series of practical implications are proposed for the implementation of sports education policies from the university with the aim of promoting sports entrepreneurial mind-set in both male and female students.

Emotions are considered a fundamental aspect of sport scenarios, and within sports, consumer behavior is a very popular area of research in the sport management field. Thus, in recent years, there has been a growing interest for sport managers regarding the role that emotions play in sport consumer behavior. Thus, the aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the academic research on emotions in the sport management field using two techniques: a bibliometric performance analysis and a graphic mapping of the references in this field. This analysis focuses on authors, journals, papers, institutions and countries. Bibliometric indicators including the h-index measure, productivity and the number of citations were used to perform the performance analysis. Then, VOSviewer software was used to perform co-citation, bibliographic coupling and co-occurrence of keyword analysis (mapping analysis). The results of both types of analysis are consistent, with the United States being the most influential country in emotions in sport management research because the main authors and institutions in this research field belong to this country. The overall results indicate that the literature on this research topic has grown significantly in recent years in all scientific disciplines; however, the research topic is incipient, and therefore, the number of articles is still limited. Thus, this research presents the key aspects in the topic of emotions in sport management that could be helpful for researchers and policy makers in the field of sport management to make future decisions.

El turismo deportivo se puede definir como un viaje de ocio con el fin de participar, de distintas formas, en actividades físico-deportivas. Respecto al fútbol, sus encuentros constituyen grandes eventos deportivos, atracciones donde el turista vivencia, principalmente de forma pasiva, distintas actividades, ya sea como espectador o como visitante de las atracciones turístico-futbolísticas. Sin duda, el fútbol tiene un importante valor turístico, en especial para la estructura turística local, incidiendo de manera directa en aspectos como la promoción y difusión de un destino turístico. En este marco, los clubs de fútbol se convierten en promotores turísticos de su ciudad, además de desarrollar otros recursos turísticos (museos, visitas, experiencias con jugadores, o paquetes para presenciar al equipo “fuera de casa”). El fútbol puede permitir configurar un producto turístico más atractivo, diversificado, que atrae nuevos nichos de mercado.

Resumen: Las altas tasas de desempleo juvenil en España han generado que el emprendimiento deba ser considerado una buena salida laboral para los jóvenes recién graduados. Concretamente, el sector deportivo se presenta como una industria viable para que los jóvenes titulados emprendan, siendo escasos los estudios sobre emprendimiento realizados con estos estudiantes. Por tanto, es el objetivo del presente estudio conocer cuáles son las variables predictoras de la intención de emprender de los estudiantes pre-graduados del sector deportivo a través de la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado, añadiendo también algunas variables sociodemográficas (género y experiencia laboral). Para ello se ha analizado una muestra de 121 estudiantes del último curso del grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte de la Universidad de Valencia, a través de la administración de un cuestionario. Se utilizaron dos metodologías de análisis diferentes: modelo de regresión lineal y un conjunto difuso de modelos cualitativos comparativos (fsQCA). Los resultados de la regresión lineal fueron capaces de explicar el 68% de las intenciones de emprender, destacando como principales variables la atracción profesional (β=.70), el control del comportamiento percibido (β=.15) y la experiencia laboral (β=.13). Tomando en consideración los resultados de fsQCA, ninguna de las condiciones es suficiente para la condición de presencia de intenciones de emprender. Atendiendo al análisis de suficiencia, cinco condiciones explican el 76% de las intenciones de emprender. Las tres condiciones más importantes fueron alto nivel de AP, CE, género masculino y tener experiencia laboral; altos niveles de CCP, género masculino, tener experiencia laboral y bajos niveles de CE; altos niveles de AP, NS, tener experiencia laboral y bajos niveles de CE (explicando 50%; 24% y 27% respectivamente) de la intención de emprender. En general QCA es más explicativo que los ML. Para finalizar, se presentan implicaciones prácticas para las universidades de deporte. Abstract: The high rates of youth unemployment in Spain, have generated that entrepreneurship should be considered as a good career path for young graduates. Particularly, the sports sector is presented as a viable sector for young graduates to be an entrepreneur, although few studies about entrepreneurship have been carried out with this type of students. Therefore, it is the objective of this study to know which are the variables that predict entrepreneurial intention of the sport science students through the Theory of Planned Behavior and some socio-demographic variables (gender and work experience). For this purpose, a sample of 121 students from the last year of the degree in Sport Sciences of the University of Valence has been analyzed through the administration of a structured questionnaire. Two different analysis methodologies were used: linear regression model and a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The results of the linear regression were able to explain 68% of the entrepreneurial intentions, highlighting as main variables the professional attraction (β=.70), the control of perceived behavior (β=.15) and work experience (β =.13). Taking into account the results of fsQCA, none of the conditions are sufficient for the presence of entrepreneurial intentions. Based on the sufficiency analysis, five conditions explain 76% of the entrepreneurial intentions. The three most important conditions were high level of PA, EC, male gender and work experience; high levels of PBC, male gender, work experience and low levels of EC; high levels of PA, SN, work experience and low levels of EC (explaining 50%, 24% and 27% respectively) of entrepreneurial intentions. In general QCA is more explanatory than LM. Finally, practical implications for sport universities are presented.

Purpose: The objective of this article is to know if there are differences in the variables that explain the entrepreneurial intention of the Physical Activity and Sport Science students addressing academic training and gender of them. Design/methodology/approach: To know entrepreneurial intentions and the different variables related to entrepreneurship, a questionnaire previously validated was used. The questionnaire was provided to 578 students pre-graduated (1st-4th course) and post-graduate of Physical Activity and Sport Science degree of Valencia. Findings: Statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the variables that predict entrepreneurial intention of Physical Activity and Sport Science students by gender and training were found. In both genders, the attitude towards entrepreneurship and the perceived behavior control were the predictors of entrepreneurial intentions and in men also the subjective norms. Research limitations/implications: The students sample belongs only to the Physical Activity and Sport Science degree of Valencia, so the results cannot be extrapolated to the entire population. Practical implications: It should be developing the attitude toward the behavior of entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control to promote entrepreneurship. In this way, the graduates will be more prepare for insertion into the working world. Social implications: To increase the number of entrepreneurs (male and female) in the sports sector throughout the education, reducing the gender gap in entrepreneurship and improve the quality of entrepreneurship, as this is a key issue because of the positive impact that this phenomenon generates on the economy Originality/value: It is interesting to know the predictor variables of entrepreneurial intentions, and to know if there are differences based on education and gender due to the massive entry of women into the sport workplaces and low intention to undertake of the. So it is quite important training in the best way, both graduates (male and female) with entrepreneurial skills.

Fundamentos: La tuberculosis (TB) continúa siendo un problema importante de salud pública a nivel mundial. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar el impacto económico y asistencial de la introducción de Xpert MTB/RIF® (Xpert), técnica de diagnóstico rápido de TB. Métodos: Se estimó el ahorro en base a la reducción del tiempo de ingreso por TB al evitar los falsos negativos (FN) y falsos positivos (FP) de la baciloscopia que se habrían detectado por Xpert en el periodo 2008-2012. El análisis y cálculo de gastos se hizo sumando el coste de los FN (estancias más pruebas especiales y aislamiento respiratorio) y los FP (tratamiento antituberculoso, consultas sucesivas, analíticas y controles microbiológicos). Resultados: Durante los 5 años de estudio se detectaron 19 FP y 22 FN. Xpert habría detectado los 19 FP y 15 FN. El gasto mínimo estima- do para los FP fue de 3.217 euros (tratamiento, consultas sucesivas, analíticas y controles microbiológicos), mientras que cada FN supuso una prolongación de una estancia media de 7 días (59.012 euros), traducidos ambos en un coste total de 62.229 euros. Con una inversión inicial de 16.250 euros (50 casos con elevada sospecha de TB a 65 euros/prueba) el hospital habría ahorrado un global de 45.979 euros en 5 años. Conclusión: La introducción de Xpert supondría un ahorro económico para el hospital y una mejora en la calidad asistencial, evitando estancias y tratamientos innecesarios.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to understand how the nationality and the sport education system could affect the entrepreneurial intentions (EI) of undergraduate sport science students in two different countries. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 249 undergraduate sport sciences (SS) students from Spain and Lithuania were analysed. The EI questioner questionnaire by Liñán and Chen (2009) was used to compile the data during the 2016-2017 academic year. Findings: There are significant differences between the sport science students of Spain and Lithuania. The Lithuanian students have significantly higher means in the variables of EI, perceived behaviour control and professional attraction. Moreover, the variables that predict EI are different, and certain path coefficients of the variables are also significantly different. Research limitations/implications: The sample originates from one university in each country; therefore, these results may not be generalisable to the entire population. Practical implications: The SS degrees in Lithuania and Spain should follow different educational policies with the objective of fostering EI and increasing the number of entrepreneurs. Social implications: Creating adequate educational policies to foster entrepreneurship in sports across countries could improve the number of entrepreneurs in the sports sectors; thus, the youth unemployment rate will decrease. Originality/value: There has been no previous research that analyses the EI of sport science students across contexts through the theory of planned behaviour. Moreover, there are no studies that compare the EI of university students between Spain (Western Europe) and Lithuania (Eastern Europe).

Intrapreneurs are needed in the sport sector due to its competitive nature. However, little attention has been paid to this topic within sport entrepreneurship literature. This paper aims to examine the cross-cultural applicability of Ajzen's theory of planned behavior for predicting the intrapreneurial intentions (II) of sport science students from two European countries and to discover if there is a moderating effect of country's culture on the antecedents of II. A questionnaire to collect the data was used. The sample is composed by 736 final year sports sciences students from Spain and Lithuania. The combination of a symmetric (Structural Equations Modelling) and asymmetric (Qualitative Comparative Analysis) approach was used to examine the students' country culture as a potential moderator. Results indicate Ajzens's theory of planned behavior as a suitable framework to predict intrapreneurial intentions (II). Moreover, it is highlighted that the country's culture can have a moderating effect on the university students' II. Educational policy makers should consider the impact of county culture when promoting intrapreneurial behavior. In Spain, it should be developed a positive attitude towards intrapreneurial behavior, while in Lithuania it is more important to foster that they perceive as having the necessary skills to be an intrapreneur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]