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Abstract Primary dysmenorrhea (PD), a prevalent menstrual condition characterized by pelvic pain during the menstrual cycle, significantly impacts the quality of life of women and produces increased pain sensitivity that can persist throughout the menstrual cycle. However, scientific literature has not studied whether there are implications for alterations in muscle function and endurance in the abdominopelvic region during the non-painful phases of the menstrual cycle. The aim of this study was to compare muscle function and endurance capacity in the abdominopelvic region in women with PD versus women without this condition. An observational, cross-sectional study was designed to analyze muscle activation and endurance capacity using electromyography (EMG) during McGill exercises. Forty-four women were included, 22 with PD and 22 without dysmenorrhea. The results did not indicate significant differences in muscle activation and endurance of the abdominopelvic musculature between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, the analysis suggests that women with primary dysmenorrhea might develop compensatory strategies that allow them to maintain physical function despite their condition. These results suggest that the approach to PD could focus more on pain management rather than physical functionality, and more studies are needed from a comprehensive approach to more accurately evaluate the relationship between PD and muscle function.

The integration of smart technologies, from data mining to Artificial Intelligence, has revolutionized the way financial institutions manage and use information. This progress has driven the development of hybrid artificial intelligence solutions, which fuse neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms and intelligent agents, improving efficiency and accuracy in finance. Key application areas include implementing machine learning for personalized financial services, using artificial intelligence to improve credit risk assessments, and automating operations for greater efficiency. This study aims to analyze the implementation of hybrid artificial intelligence in the banking sector. The findings suggest that machine learning significantly personalizes services, increasing customer satisfaction and retention. Artificial intelligence has refined credit risk assessment, reducing errors and improving accuracy, while AI-enabled automation has streamlined operations. In addition, artificial intelligence helps analyze trends and innovate products. The combination of traditional and data-driven artificial intelligence techniques was identified as offering significant competitive advantages for financial institutions.

Abstract A new antenna array architecture is proposed here to overcome a current bottleneck in phased arrays concerning the enhancement of radiation efficiency and avoidance of scan blindness. In contrast to the conventional approach of using patches with circular or square geometries that exploit 90 $$^\circ$$ ∘ or 180 $$^\circ$$ ∘ rotational symmetry, this work proposes to use waveguide radiating elements based on 120 $$^\circ$$ ∘ symmetry. To implement such symmetry, the tri-ridge aperture is proposed, and its capability to scan widely within a broad frequency bandwidth is demonstrated. A modal analysis is performed to explain the physical phenomena underlying such superior performance. A successful experimental validation is provided by means of a monolithic prototype built in metal additive manufacturing. The measured results show, for the first time, that it is possible to achieve high radiation efficiency and circular polarization when scanning widely in a broad bandwidth. Such an accomplishment constitutes a major achievement in the field of active electronically steered phased arrays, and impacts significantly the capabilities and potential of modern radar and communication systems.

Piperazines and diazepines are examples of nitrogen heterocycles present in many marketed drugs highlighting their importance in the discovery of novel bioactive compounds. However, their synthesis often faces challenges, including complex functionalization and lengthy reaction sequences. Multicomponent reactions, notably the Ugi reaction, have emerged as powerful tools to address these hurdles. Here, we have demonstrated the possibility of using the combination of arylglyoxals and carboxylic acids tethered to nonprotected deactivated amines as a powerful strategy for the synthesis of complex fused heterocycles. The limited nucleophilic character of the amino group of the anthranilic acid, indole-2-carboxylic acid, pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid or N-phenylglycine has allowed the use of these compounds in the Ugi reaction without triggering competitive reactions. The additional functional group present in the resulting Ugi adduct can be leveraged in different post-condensation strategies to easily generate multiple fused nitrogen heterocycles including benzodiazepinone and piperazinone cores.

In recent years, the opinion that the Eurovision Song Contest has become highly politicised is prevalent in the media and the popular voice, although not much research exists that can attest to this claim. In this work we conduct a case study that applies sentiment and discourse analysis methodologies to the assessment of political opinions in social media regarding this artistic and social event. The main objective is to explore to what extent and in what form this supposed politicisation has an expression on Twitter, as illustrated by the cases of artists Sam Ryder and James Newman, the United Kingdom’s representatives in the 2022 and 2021 editions of the contest, respectively. We examine references to two historical-political contexts that have had a severe impact on the European society over the last few years, and which have determined, among many other social aspects, the reception of Eurovision results ever since they took place: Brexit and the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

En el contexto actual de la actividad económica española, se ha observado un notable incremento en la realización de trabajos terminográficos plurilingües en diversos sectores artesanales e industriales. Este fenómeno se atribuye principalmente a la creciente demanda de comunicación internacional, derivada del incremento en las relaciones comerciales con otros países, lo que ha promovido el desarrollo de investigaciones colaborativas entre distintas áreas de conocimiento. Bajo este prisma multidisciplinar, se ubica la presente contribución, que trata de abordar la caracterización terminológica de la lengua de la marroquinería en español, como primer paso de un trabajo plurilingüe. Así, el objetivo principal ha sido el de describir, desde un punto de vista lexicogenético, el vocabulario de este sector artesanal en Ubrique. Para ello, hemos partido de una contextualización histórica y social de la actividad marroquinera en esta localidad gaditana, ya que esta ha desempeñado un papel histórico destacado como epicentro de la producción de artículos de piel, distinguiéndose por la excelencia y precisión de sus trabajos. Por otra parte, la base para la extracción de los aproximadamente 1 900 términos analizados ha sido un corpus textual monolingüe (español) y mixto compuesto por textos escritos y por textos orales de, aproximadamente, 580 000 palabras. Los resultados de este análisis nos muestran que el vocabulario de la marroquinería está marcado por lo artesanal y lo tradicional de su actividad, que apenas ha sufrido un desarrollo industrial importante, lo que implica, por un lado, la preservación de términos específicos relacionados con las técnicas artesanales del zapatero a lo largo del tiempo, y, por otro lado, la incorporación de términos más actuales en concordancia con la modernización de este sector artesanal. Esto se ha reflejado también en el ámbito lexicogenético, particularizado por la no relevancia de mecanismos formales tan recurrentes en otras lenguas científico-técnicas como la composición sintagmática o el acortamiento de palabras y por tratarse de un léxico cuya base es, ante todo, patrimonial, o está formado por préstamos tan arraigados en nuestra lengua y cultura que pasan desapercibidos para el lego en historia de la lengua.

Abella, S. (2020). Situación del sector turístico y la crisis. En F. J. Bauzá, & F. J. Melgosa, Turismo post Covid-19: El turismo después de la pandemia global. Análisis, perspectivas y vías de recuperación (p. 41-55). Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. Andrade, M. J. (2012): La generación de la imagen del destino a través de las fuentes de información y comunicación: El caso Gallego. Revista de Estudios Regionales, (93), 17-42. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=75524557001 Basquetour [@Basquetour_eus] (25 de marzo de 2020): Entre las medidas aprobadas para ayudar al sector del #turismo en la crisis del #COVID19, destaca la prestación extraordinaria por cese de actividad para los trabajadores por cuenta propia o autónomos, que alcanza hasta el 70% de la base reguladora. Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1243064157722890240 Bauzá, F. J., & Melgosa, F. J. (2020). Turismo post Covid-19: El turismo después de la pandemia global. Análisis, perspectivas y vías de recuperación. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. Bello, E. (16 de diciembre de 2021). Cuáles son las previsiones y tendencias de comunicación para 2022. Recuperado el 17 de abril de 2022, de https://www.iebschool.com/blog/tendencias-comunicacion-digital-comunicacion-digital/ BEMYPARTNER (29 de marzo de 2021). ¿Cuáles son los cambios en la comunicación a raíz del covid-19? Recuperado el 17 de abril de 2022, de https://bemypartner.es/cambios-comunicacion-covid-19/ Candel, A. (2020). Comunicación y reputación corporativa de las empresas turísticas ante la crisis del coronavirus: Aplicación de la metodología del estudio de caso múltiple. [TFM, Universidad Camilo José Cela]. https://iddigitalschool.com/investigacion-tfm/comunicacion-y-reputacion-corporativa-de-las-empresas-turisticas-ante-la-crisis-del-coronavirus-aplicacion-de-la-metodologia-del-estudio-de-caso-multiple/ Carlsen Estrategia & Comunicación. (11 de noviembre de 2020). Comunicación corporativa en tiempos de pandemia. Recuperado el 17 de abril de 2020, de https://estrategiacarlsen.com/comunicacion-corporativa-covid.html Carrillo, M. V., Núñez De Prado, S., Delgado, J. P., & Castillo, A. (2009). Comunicación integral y responsabilidad social en las organizaciones. Pearson Educación. Castello, V. (2020). Desafíos y oportunidades para el turismo en el marco de la pandemia COVID-19. CUPEA Cuadernos de Política Exterior Argentina, (131), 115-118. https://doi.org/10.35305/cc.vi131.85 Comunitat Valenciana [@c_valenciana]. (16 de marzo de 2020). Nuestras playas seguirán aquí, pero ahora #quédateencasa. Cuídate para volver. #yomequedoencasa #MediterráneoEnVivo. Twitter. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1239641536150810625 Comunitat Valenciana [@c_valenciana]. (19 de mayo de 2020). Orihuela, ciudad natal de Miguel Hernández y capital de la Vega Baja es un destino cultural imprescindible. Y muy pronto podrás comprarbarlo #SueñaElMediterráneoEnVivo. Twitter. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1262820714559791105 Comunitat Valenciana [@c_valenciana]. (22 de marzo de 2020). Primera semana superada. Nosotros estaremos esperándote en el #MediterráneoEnVivo #quédateencasa. Twitter. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1241816922607333376 Comunitat Valenciana [@c_valenciana]. (24 de abril de 2020). ¡Un vuelo para llevar la esperanza a todos los rincones de la sierra de la Solana! Un globo aeroestático sobrevolará desde hoy hasta el 1 de mayo, Bocairent y Fontanars dels Alforins #QuédateEnCasa #YoMeQuedoEnCasa. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1253579185211281408 Comunitat Valenciana [@c_valenciana]. (29 de marzo de 2020). Rincones llenos de historia y majestuosidad estarán esperándote, pero ahora #quédateencasa. #MediterráneoEnVivo. Twitter. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1244247938643169280 Comunitat Valenciana [@c_valenciana]. (7 de abril de 2020). Planazos sin salir de casa: Visita virtual con tus hijos a la Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias de València: https://buff.ly/2yeyZDH #YoMeQuedoEnCasa #MediterráneoEnVivo. Twitter. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1247418244757151745 Comunitat Valenciana [@c_valenciana]. (8 de abril de 2020). Ideas para hacer con los peques de la casa: Diseñar tu propio ‘catxirulo’ de Semana Santa y volarlo desde la terraza #YoMeQuedoEnCasa #MediterráneoEnVivo. Twitter. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1247787655087050752 Corzo, D., & Guatibonza, C. (julio de 2021). Marketing de destinos turísticos: un análisis de las tendencias mundiales post-COVID-19 en el departamento de Santander, Colombia. Kalpana - Revista De Investigación, (20), 70-92. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8530423 Costa, J. (2015). El paradigma DirCom. Joan Costa Institute. Del Águila, A. R., & Padilla, A. (2002). La comunicación en la empresa. Un enfoque estratégico. Servicio de Publicaciones e Intercambio Científico de la Universidad de Málaga. Departamento De Turismo, Comercio y Consumo [@DptoTurComCon]. (12 de marzo de 2020). El protocolo ante #COVID19 para el sector turístico recoge: (...). Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1238091297828810758 Departamento De Turismo, Comercio y Consumo [@DptoTurComCon]. (16 de marzo de 2020). El sector del #Turismo y del #Comercio cuenta con todo nuestro apoyo para afrontar esta situación excepcional. Estas son las medidas del #DecretoDeAlarma que afectan al comercio y la #hostelería en relación a la crisis sanitaria del #COVID19. Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1239836529159213056 Departamento De Turismo, Comercio y Consumo [@DptoTurComCon]. (18 de abril de 2020): Volveremos, nos encontraremos muy pronto. Comercio y hostelería de #Euskadi gracias a los que estáis ahí, gracias a los que os quedáis en casa #ComerciodeEuskadi #nosencontraremospronto. Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1252120780806279169 Departamento De Turismo, Comercio y Consumo [@DptoTurComCon]. (20 de abril de 2020): La consejera del @DptoTurComCon Sonia Pérez Ezquerra hace hincapié en la necesidad de apostar por el #comercio de proximidad y el #turismo interior como pilares sobre los que asentar la recuperación del sector tras la crisis de la #COVID19. Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1252476868479066112 Emre, M., Cemberci, M., & Erdem, N. (2016). The role of Social Media in Crisis Communication and Crisis Management. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 5(3), 111-120. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3338292 Fernández, M. (2011) Comunicación y reputación en empresas e instituciones. Experiencias profesionales y propuestas prácticas. Editorial Universitas, S. A. González-Herrero, A. (1997): Marketing preventivo: La comunicación de crisis en el sector turístico. Estudios Turísticos(133), 5-28. Huertas, A., Oliveira, A., & Girotto, M. (2020): Gestión comunicativa de crisis de las oficinas nacionales de turismo de España e Italia ante la Covid-19. Profesional de la información, 29(4). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.jul.10 Instituto de Comunicación e Investigación Sociológica- INCIS (15 de julio de 2021). ¿Cómo comunicar durante la crisis del coronavirus? Recuperado el 17 de abril de 2022, de https://incis.net/blog/comunicacion-coronavirus/ Instituto Nacional de Estadística- INE (2022). Cuenta satélite del turismo de España. Últimos datos. Instituto Nacional de Estadística- INE. (11 de diciembre de 2020). Cuenta Satélite del Turismo de España (CSTE). Revisión estadística 2019. Serie 2016 – 2019. https://www.ine.es/prensa/cst_2019.pdf Katz, D. & Kahn, R. L. (1999). Psicologia social das organizações. (2nd. ed.). São Paulo: Atlas. Martín, F. (2006). Comunicación Empresarial e Institucional (4ª ed.). Editorial Universitas, S. A. Muñiz, M. (13 de junio de 2021). España, potencia mundial en turismo y un motor de arrastre de la economía. El Mundo. https://www.elmundo.es/extras/2020/06/13/5ee382cbfc6c83150d8b470d.html Muñoz, I. (2022). Impacto económico del COVID-19 en el Sector Turístico Español. [Trabajo de fin de grado. Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Valladolid, España]. https://uvadoc.uva.es/bitstream/handle/10324/56586/TFG-E-1579.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Nieto, J., Román, I., Bonillo, D., & Paulova, N. (2016). El turismo a nivel mundial. International Journal of Scientific Management and Tourism, 2(1), 129-144. https://ojs.scientificmanagementjournal.com/ojs/index.php/smj/article/view/140 Observatorio de Recursos Humanos ORH. (24 de marzo de 2021). Cuatro puntos clave de la comunicación post-COVID. Recuperado el 17 de abril de 2022, de https://www.observatoriorh.com/orh-posts/cuatro-puntos-clave-de-la-comunicacion-post-covid.html Organización Mundial del Turismo- OMT (18 de enero de 2022). El turismo crece un 4% en 2021, muy por debajo aún de los niveles prepandémicos. Recuperado el 11 de marzo de 2022, de https://www.unwto.org/es/taxonomy/term/347#:~:text=La%20contribuci%C3%B3n%20econ%C3%B3mica%20del%20turismo,3%2C5%20billones%20de%20d%C3%B3lares Organización Mundial del Turismo- OMT (2021). The Economic Contribution of Tourism and the Impact of COVID-19. Madrid: UNWTO. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284423200 Padilla, A. y Del Águila, A.R. (2002). Las formas organizativas en la economía digital. De la estructura simple a la organización en red y virtual. Rama. STATISTA. (18 de febrero de 2021): El turismo receptor en España - Datos estadísticos. Recuperado el 14 de marzo de 2022, de https://es.statista.com/temas/2834/el-turismo-receptor-en-espana/#topicHeader__wrapper STATISTA. (8 de febrero de 2022). Evolución anual del número de visitantes internacionales en España de 2006 a 2021, por tipo. Recuperado el 14 de marzo de 2022, de https://es.statista.com/estadisticas/474658/visitantes-extranjeros-en-espana-por-tipo/ TOSCANO, C. (3 de junio de 2020). Comunicación institucional para atraer turismo tras la crisis. Recuperado el 17 de abril de 2022, de https://charotoscano.com/comunicacion-institucional-para-atraer-turismo/ TURESPAÑA. (2020). Memoria 2019. https://www.tourspain.es/es-es/Conozcanos/MemoriasAnuales/Memoria%20TURESPA%C3%91A%202019.pdf TURISMO COSTA BLANCA [@costablancaorg]. (2020, abril 16). HILO #QuédateEnCasa y apúntate a la ruta (virtual) de hoy: Faros de la #CostaBlanca Faro del Albir @alteaguide Faro de Villajoyosa @mach_82 Faro de Dénia @georgia_explores pic.twitter.com/fqhjnlqd18. Twitter. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1250726486413279233 TURISMO DE BENIDORM [@visitbenidorm]. (13 de junio de 2020). #Benidorm abrirá este lunes 15 de junio, sus #playas siguiendo un plan específico que garantiza el uso de las playas a toda la población, residente y turista, en unas condiciones de #SeguridadSanitaria. Twitter. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1271934447089262598 VALLEJO, R. (2015). El Gran Viaje: Sesenta años de turismo en España: 1955-2015. Madrid: Fundación EOI. VISIT EUSKADI [@i_Euskadi]. (14 de abril de 2020). El entorno natural del barrio de Aia en Ataun es espectacular. ¿Serán estas unas de #lasMejoresVistasdeEuskadi? Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1249985827322695680 VISIT EUSKADI [@i_Euskadi]. (14 de marzo de 2020). Toca ser responsables y seguir las recomendaciones de las autoridades. #Euskadi estará preparada para recibirte cuando sea el momento. Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1238737145034149889 VISIT EUSKADI [@i_Euskadi]. (17 de marzo de 2020). ¿Sabías que en #VitoriaGasteiz hay un museo único dedicado a los naipes y que puedes visitarlo de manera virtual? Apúntalo en la sección #sitiosquevisitar de tu cuaderno de deseos. Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1239843691172442113v VISIT EUSKADI [@i_Euskadi]. (18 de marzo de 2020). ¿Echas de menos un paseo por la playa? En la página de @Gipuzkoa puedes ver las olas en directo. No es lo mismo que sentir la arena bajo los pies, pero alivia un poco, ¿no? Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1240216443939102720 VISIT EUSKADI [@i_Euskadi]. (2 de mayo de 2020). Las sidrerías recuperan su temporada, con medidas de seguridad y actividades para celebrar la reapertura. Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1266313818684231681 VISIT EUSKADI [@i_Euskadi]. (7 de abril de 2020). Sabes que en Euskadi sentimos auténtica pasión por la buena #gastronomía. Mientras piensas en tu próximo viaje, puedes disfrutarla con esta receta del Restaurante Mina de #Bilbao para #EuskadiGastronomika. Twitter. https://twitter.com/i_Euskadi/status/1247454381940801537 VISITVALÈNCIA [@Valenciaturismo]. (8 de mayo de 2020). ¡Restaurantes de #València que levantan la persiana! (...). Twitter. https://twitter.com/c_valenciana/status/1259011033789796352 XIFRA, J. (2020). Comunicación corporativa, relaciones públicas y gestión del riesgo reputacional en tiempos de Covid-19. El profesional de la información, 29(2). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.mar.20 Zaldívar, E. B., & Gutiérrez, O. (2020). Gestión de la comunicación en situaciones de crisis. Buenas prácticas por marcas turísticas ante la pandemia de COVID-19. Alcance. Revista Cubana de Información y Comunicación, 9(24), 91-106. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S2411-99702020000300091&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=es Zaldívar, E. B., & Gutiérrez, O. (2020). Gestión de la comunicación en situaciones de crisis. Buenas prácticas por marcas turísticas ante la pandemia de COVID-19. Alcance, 9(24), 91-106. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2411-99702020000300091&lng=en&tlng=es.

TiC features an interesting combination of mechanical properties, high-temperature resistance, and lightness, making it an excellent candidate for several applications in harsh environments. However, its sintering to obtain bulk components is extremely challenging. Herein, we show that titanium aluminide is a promising sintering aid for TiC (5, 10, and 20 vol% were investigated). The aluminide allows the formation of a nearly fully dense component at 1350 °C by spark plasma sintering under 80 MPa. The aluminide forms a grain boundary secondary phase that promotes the Ti diffusion: Ti from TiC can be dissolved within the TiAly at the neck center and precipitate at the neck surface, while C can easily diffuse through the TiC lattice. Higher temperatures cause the extrusion of the aluminide out of the SPS die and its reaction with oxygen impurities. The final microstructure is constituted by nearly pure TiC with isolated alumina pockets at the triple points.

La diversidad en el ser humano es un hecho natural, complejo, múltiple y que, por consiguiente, es una realidad inevitable en la escuela. Es ineludible a la educación, está presen-te en nuestras aulas y ha de ser atendida por todo el profesorado bajo los principios de inclusión y equidad. A lo largo de este manuscrito se enmarcan los conceptos de diversidad, integración e inclusión, haciendo referencia brevemente a las fechas históricas más relevantes relaciona-das con dichos términos en el modelo educativo aplicado en las Islas Canarias en la etapa de Educación Obligatoria, ya que las primeras etapas de la vida suponen un período crítico don-de se producen múltiples transformaciones físicas, sociales y psicológicas que pueden afectar notablemente al desarrollo integral del alumnado. Asimismo, se analiza la gestión organizativa del aula inclusiva y las bases de la enseñanza, tratando de redefinir la figura del profesor de Pedagogía Terapéutica. Con base en esta figura surgen algunos interrogantes: ¿cuándo apo-yar?, ¿cómo apoyar? o ¿a qué tipo de alumnado apoyar? En conclusión, se extrae que, sobre estas cuestiones, sigue habiendo disparidad de opiniones sobre la necesidad o no de intervenir dentro o fuera del aula ordinaria. Aún existen muchas lagunas de investigación en cuanto a la intervención del docente de Pedagogía Terapéutica dentro del aula; por ello, futuros estudios de intervención deben aportar mayor luz ante estas cuestiones porque es clave plasmar la discusión más allá de estos factores, ya que limita y reduce el problema.

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely implicated in biological processes and diseases with high inflammatory components. These molecules exhibit significant temporal and tissue specificity. However, the expression and function of lncRNAs have not been studied in patients after heart transplantation. Thus, we aimed to identify circulating lncRNAs in these patients and evaluate their diagnostic capacity as potential biomarkers for the non-invasive detection of acute cellular rejection (ACR). For them, we performed a transcriptomic study based on ncRNA-seq technology to detect lncRNAs in serum samples, matched to routine endomyocardial biopsies, from patients without rejection episode (0R, n = 12) and with mild (1R, n = 16) or moderate-severe (≥ 2R, n = 12) ACR. We identified 11,062 circulating lncRNAs in the serum of patients after heart transplantation. Moreover, 6 lncRNAs showed statistically significant expression when the different ACR grades were compared. Among them, AC008105.3, AC006525.1, AC011455.8, AL359220.1, and AC025279.1 had relevant diagnostic capacity for detection of ≥ 2R (AUC of 0.850 to 1.000) and 1R (AUC of 0.750 to 0.854) grades, along with high specificity and positive predictive values (≥ 83%). In addition, AL359220.1 and AC025279.1 were independent predictors for the presence of moderate-severe ACR (odds ratio = 31.132, p

In warm climates with high levels of solar irradiation, solar shading plays a determinant role on buildings’ envelope performance, both during summer and winter conditions. In this research, an evaluation of the solar shading effect on sunny façades through IR thermography non-destructive testing was performed. Sunny and shaded areas revealed temperature differences of 7.4 °C in summer conditions and up to 1.2 °C in wintertime. Moreover, solar shading was shown to be beneficial not only for decreasing surface temperature in summertime but also for reducing convective air flow in wintertime. In addition, it was found that the prevalence of dense shadows, especially with non-reflective materials in louvres, is favorable. External Thermal Insulation Constructive Systems (ETICS) must be shadowed and the use of clear colors is recommended to reinforce homogeneity in the surface in wintertime and reduce solar absorptance in summertime. Under steady-state calculations, thermal losses can be reduced up to 30% at night in wintertime and up to 50–60% at daytime in summertime because of the shadowing. However, another important finding lied in the confirmation of the performance gap that arises between using air temperature, sol-air temperature and the actual surface temperature data, in such a way that the two former implied high levels of inaccuracy and overestimated the performance of the buildings compared to the actual behavior. Some of the main conclusions can be extrapolated to other circumstances.

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat, reducing treatment options for infected patients. AMR is promoted by a lack of access to rapid antibiotic susceptibility tests (ASTs). Accelerated ASTs can identify effective antibiotics for treatment in a timely and informed manner. We describe a rapid growth-independent phenotypic AST that uses a nanomotion technology platform to measure bacterial vibrations. Machine learning techniques are applied to analyze a large dataset encompassing 2762 individual nanomotion recordings from 1180 spiked positive blood culture samples covering 364 Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates exposed to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. The training performances of the different classification models achieve between 90.5 and 100% accuracy. Independent testing of the AST on 223 strains, including in clinical setting, correctly predict susceptibility and resistance with accuracies between 89.5% and 98.9%. The study shows the potential of this nanomotion platform for future bacterial phenotype delineation.

Background: Iron deficiency is the top leading cause of anaemia, whose treatment has been shown to deteriorate gut health. However, a comprehensive analysis of the intestinal barrier and the gut microbiome during iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has not been performed to date. This study aims to delve further into the analysis of these two aspects, which will mean a step forward minimising the negative impact of iron supplements on intestinal health. Methods: IDA was experimentally induced in an animal model. Shotgun sequencing was used to analyse the gut microbiome in the colonic region, while the intestinal barrier was studied through histological analyses, mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), qPCR and immunofluorescence assays. Determinations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacteria-specific immunoglobulins were performed to assess microbial translocation. Results: Microbial metabolism in the colon shifted towards an increased production of certain amino acids, short chain fatty acids and nucleotides, with Clostridium species being enriched during IDA. Structural alterations of the colonic epithelium were shown by histological analysis. RNA-Seq revealed a downregulation of extracellular matrix-associated genes and proteins and an overall underdeveloped epithelium. Increased levels of serum LPS and an increased immune response against dysbiotic bacteria support an impairment in the integrity of the gut barrier during IDA. Conclusions: IDA negatively impacts the gut microbiome and the intestinal barrier, triggering an increased microbial translocation. This study emphasizes the deterioration of gut health during IDA and the fact that it should be addressed when treating the disease.

The fading efficacy of antibiotics is a growing global health concern due to its life-threatening consequences and increased healthcare costs. Non-genetic mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, such as those employed by Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia trachomatis, complicate treatment as these bacteria can enter a non-replicative, persistent state under stress, evading antibiotics and linking to inflammatory conditions. Understanding chlamydial persistence at the molecular level is challenging, and new models for studying Chlamydia-host interactions in vivo are urgently needed. Caenorhabditis elegans offers an alternative given its immune system and numerous orthologues of human genes. This study established C. elegans as an in vivo model for chlamydial infection. Both Chlamydia species reduced the worm's lifespan, their DNA being detectable at three- and six-days post-infection. Azithromycin at its MIC (25 nM) failed to prevent the infection-induced lifespan reduction, indicating a persister phenotype. In contrast, the methanolic extract of Schisandra chinensis berries showed anti-chlamydial activity both in vitro (in THP-1 macrophages) and in vivo, significantly extending the lifespan of infected C. elegans and reducing the bacterial load. Moreover, S. chinensis increased the transcriptional activity of SKN-1 in the worms, but was unable to impact the bacterial load or lifespan in a sek-1 defective C. elegans strain. In summary, this study validated C. elegans as a chlamydial infection model and showcased S. chinensis berries' in vivo anti-chlamydial potential, possibly through SEK/SKN-1 signaling modulation.

BackgroundThe complement system has been linked to the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients with RA exhibit a dysregulated profile of lipid molecules, which has been attributed to the inflammation present in the disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between a comprehensive assessment of the complement system and the lipid profile of patients with RA.Methods430 patients with RA were recruited. New-generation techniques were employed to conduct functional assays of the three pathways of the complement system. Serum levels of various complement components such as C1q, factor D, properdin, lectin, C1-inhibitor, C2, C4, C4b, C3, C3a, C5, C5a, and C9 were assessed. Furthermore, a complete pattern of lipid molecules was measured including high (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and lipoprotein (a). Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between the complement system and lipid profile in RA patients.ResultsAfter multivariable analysis, several noteworthy associations emerged between the complement system and lipid molecules. Notably, complement components most strongly linked to the lipid profile were C1q and properdin, representing the upstream classical and alternative pathways, along with C3 from the common cascade. These associations demonstrated significance and positivity concerning total cholesterol, LDL, atherogenic index, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein(a), suggesting a connection with an unfavorable lipid profile. Interestingly, complement functional assays of the three pathways and activated products such as C3a and C5a showed no correlation with the lipid pattern.ConclusionThe correlation between the complement system and lipid molecule patterns is pronounced in patients with RA. This relationship is predominantly positive and primarily associated with upstream complement components rather than activated ones.

Background: Though the Spanish version of the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) is frequently used, it has not been subjected to any significant re-evaluation from a psychometric perspective. Method: We analysed CSI data that was focused on an academic stress situation, using a university sample of 874 participants, 50% of each gender. We conducted reliability, confirmatory factor, and factorial invariance across gender analyses. Results: The first-order factorial structure was confirmed, showing an adequate fit for the eight-factor coping strategies model with good reliability indices. Neither the second-order (problem-centred vs. emotion-centred) nor third-order (engagement vs. disengagement) strategies showed an adequate fit. Factorial invariance for gender was confirmed. Conclusions: The theoretical and applied implications of the results are discussed.

Abstract Background Despite existing extensive literature, a comprehensive and clinically relevant classification system for osteoarthritis (OA) has yet to be established. In this study, we aimed to further characterize four knee OA (KOA) inflammatory phenotypes (KOIP) recently proposed by our group, by identifying the inflammatory factors associated with KOA severity and progression in a phenotype-specific manner. Methods We performed an analysis within each of the previously defined four KOIP groups, to assess the association between KOA severity and progression and a panel of 13 cytokines evaluated in the plasma and synovial fluid of our cohort’s patients. The cohort included 168 symptomatic female KOA patients with persistent joint effusion. Results Overall, our analyses showed that associations with KOA outcomes were of higher magnitude within the KOIP groups than for the overall patient series (all p-values < 1.30e−16) and that several of the cytokines showed a KOIP-specific behaviour regarding their associations with KOA outcomes. Conclusion Our study adds further evidence supporting KOA as a multifaceted syndrome composed of multiple phenotypes with differing pathophysiological pathways, providing an explanation for inconsistencies between previous studies focussed on the role of cytokines in OA and the lack of translational results to date. Our findings also highlight the potential clinical benefits of accurately phenotyping KOA patients, including improved patient stratification, tailored therapies, and the discovery of novel treatments.

Background: The modulation of the autonomic nervous system’s activity, particularly increasing its parasympathetic tone, is of significant interest in clinical physiotherapy due to its potential benefits for stress-related conditions and recovery processes. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the addition of neurodynamics in enhancing parasympathetic activation in subjects with chronic stress. Methods: A clinical trial randomly assigned participants to a group with neurodynamics (6 bpm breathing protocol + manual therapy + neurodynamic technique) or a group without neurodynamics (6 bpm breathing protocol + manual therapy only). Metrics of heart rate variability (HRV), including the Mean Heart Rate (Mean HR), standard deviation of intervals between consecutive heartbeats (SDNN), Heart Rate Difference (Diff. HR), Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD), number of intervals differing by more than 50 ms (NN50), percentage of consecutive NN intervals that differed by more than 50 ms (pNN50), and the high-frequency component measured in standardized units (HF), were assessed before, during, and after the intervention. Results: During the intervention, the group with neurodynamics showed significant changes in all variables except in the pNN50 and HF while the group without neurodynamics only showed improvements in the Mean HR, SDNN, and RMSSD. In the post-intervention phase, the group with neurodynamics maintained an increase in HRV while the group without neurodynamics experienced a decrease, suggesting an increase in sympathetic activity. Conclusions: Vagal nerve neurodynamics appear to represent an effective method for enhancing parasympathetic activation in patients with chronic stress. The results highlight the importance of a more comprehensive analysis of HRV variables in order to obtain a correct picture of the impact of interventions on the complex and multifaceted functioning of the autonomic nervous system.

Summary: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by oxalate overproduction in the liver, resulting in renal damage. It is caused by mutations in the AGXT gene. Combined liver and kidney transplantation is currently the only permanent curative treatment. We combined locus-specific gene correction and hepatic direct cell reprogramming to generate autologous healthy induced hepatocytes (iHeps) from PH1 patient-derived fibroblasts. First, site-specific AGXT corrected cells were obtained by homology directed repair (HDR) assisted by CRISPR-Cas9, following two different strategies: accurate point mutation (c.731T>C) correction or knockin of an enhanced version of AGXT cDNA. Then, iHeps were generated, by overexpression of hepatic transcription factors. Generated AGXT-corrected iHeps showed hepatic gene expression profile and exhibited in vitro reversion of oxalate accumulation compared to non-edited PH1-derived iHeps. This strategy set up a potential alternative cellular source for liver cell replacement therapy and a personalized PH1 in vitro disease model.

Since its publication in 2004, Hallin and Mancini’s model has become a pioneer in understanding the dynamics of media systems in different national contexts. Many studies related to politics that identify the patterns, trends, and variations used by communication systems in different countries and historical moments follow this seminal study to evaluate the formation of public opinion and the quality of democracy. For this article, we obtained 3,455 articles published in Web of Science within the Social Sciences Citation Index using the open-source software Science Mapping Analysis Tool, which we chose as a bibliometric technique for its feasibility in providing a conceptual structure through the spatial representation and disciplinary interrelation with fields like specialization, studies, and authors. By analyzing the co-occurrence of keywords, we drew scientific maps that enable the analysis of their conceptual and social evolution over consecutive periods. The results provide up-to-date information on the state of the model and its relevance in the field of communication and policy today, its strengths, limitations and potential areas of development. The findings identify less studied areas in the field, drawing inspiration from the Mancini model. This opens up a guide for future research by identifying themes and questions through bibliometric analysis.

Abstract Background The arrival of new disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) requires the identification of subjects at risk in a simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive way. With tools allowing an adequate screening, it would be possible to optimize the use of these treatments. Plasma markers of AD are very promising, but it is necessary to prove that alterations in their levels are related to alterations in gold standard markers such as cerebrospinal fluid or PET imaging. With this research, we want to evaluate the performance of plasma Aβ40, Aβ42, and p-tau181 to detect the pathological changes in CSF using the automated Lumipulse platform. Methods Both plasma and CSF Aβ40, Aβ42, and p-tau181 have been evaluated in a group of 208 cognitively unimpaired subjects with a 30.3% of ApoE4 carriers. We have correlated plasma and CSF values of each biomarker. Then, we have also assessed the differences in plasma marker values according to amyloid status (A − / +), AD status (considering AD + subjects to those A + plus Tau +), and ATN group defined by CSF. Finally, ROC curves have been performed, and the area under the curve has been measured using amyloid status and AD status as an outcome and different combinations of plasma markers as predictors. Results Aβ42, amyloid ratio, p-tau181, and p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio correlated significantly between plasma and CSF. For these markers, the levels were significantly different in the A + / − , AD + / − , and ATN groups. Amyloid ratio predicts amyloid and AD pathology in CSF with an AUC of 0.89. Conclusions Plasma biomarkers of AD using the automated Lumipulse platform show good diagnostic performance in detecting Alzheimer’s pathology in cognitively unimpaired subjects.

For a number of years, heritage resources have suffered the negative effects of tourist pressure. Overtourism has been generating a wide-ranging debate on this issue. This work focuses on the strategies and measures adopted to address overtourism during the last 30 years at heritage attractions, which are much less studied than urban heritage centres. Specifically, it analyses measures relating to the management of site capacities based on the concept of tourist carrying capacity, using content analysis as a methodology. We have used the Alhambra in Granada as a case study as one of the most visited Spanish World Heritage Sites. The results obtained reflect a strong consensus on the need to introduce measures to restrict tourist activity, although these measures imply a great effort in terms of management and tend to be taken advantage of by some stakeholders for their own benefit. The extensive time frame of the measures adopted allows us to reflect on the possibilities and limitations of dealing with overtourism by using capacity management strategies and to extract useful conclusions for other heritage sites with similar problems.

Nos hallamos inmersos en un contexto donde es cada vez más evidente la equiparación de la investigación artística con los estudios científicos. Esta equivalencia tiene como consecuencia una fagocitación de los procesos artísticos por parte de los métodos y herramientas propios de la ciencia. En este contexto resulta de vital importancia recuperar los procesos propios de la indagación artística. La intuición, la percepción, la materialidad o la narrativa son algunas de estas formas genuinas de investigación en arte. Todas ellas conforman la conocida metodología cualitativa, que se alza como alternativa al método científico imperante. Es nuestro deber defender el rigor de dichas investigaciones ahondando en el vínculo entre la teoría y la práctica. Quizás este sea uno de los problemas más significativos de entre los que presenta la investigación en arte. Para dar respuesta, proponemos para su estudio el empleo de la metodología del proyecto Arts Propel. Tomada como herramienta de análisis, este proyecto para la mejora de la evaluación de las artes puede ser un punto de partida para cuestionarse qué hacemos y cómo lo hacemos. Para discernir cómo una planteamiento de mejora educativa puede incidir en los procesos metodológicos en arte, proponemos una confrontación entre los términos arte e investigación. De esta discusión surge una nueva categorización que facilita la comprensión de PROPEL y su inserción en la práctica investigadora. Con su aplicación aspiramos a cuestionarnos el vínculo del arte con la investigación, así como posibles soluciones a los problemas investigadores.

Abstract Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI-MSI) spatially resolves the chemical composition of tissues. Lipids are of particular interest, as they influence important biological processes in health and disease. However, the identification of lipids in MALDI-MSI remains a challenge due to the lack of chromatographic separation or untargeted tandem mass spectrometry. Recent studies have proposed the use of MALDI in-source fragmentation to infer structural information and aid identification. Here we present rMSIfragment, an open-source R package that exploits known adducts and fragmentation pathways to confidently annotate lipids in MALDI-MSI. The annotations are ranked using a novel score that demonstrates an area under the curve of 0.7 in ROC analyses using HPLC–MS and Target-Decoy validations. rMSIfragment applies to multiple MALDI-MSI sample types and experimental setups. Finally, we demonstrate that overlooking in-source fragments increases the number of incorrect annotations. Annotation workflows should consider in-source fragmentation tools such as rMSIfragment to increase annotation confidence and reduce the number of false positives.

Abstract Background Low back pain is one of the most common disabling pathologies in humanity worldwide. Physical exercises have been used in recent decades to reduce the pain, improve the functionality of the lumbar spine and avoid relapses. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of a program based on re-education exercises involving preactivation of the abdominal transverse muscle compared to conventional treatment in adults with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Methods A two-arm, single-blind randomized control trial with 35 primary care patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Both groups received a 4-week intervention. Data were collected at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Sixteen patients participated in the intervention group, and 19 patients in the control group. Results For the experimental group, the outcomes of disability and activation of the abdominal transverse muscle decreased significantly (MD -2.9; CI 95% -5.6 to -0.35; η2 = 0.14; p = 0.028) and (MD 2.3; CI 95% 0.91 to 3.67; η2 = 0.25; p = 0.002) respectively, with a large effect size, compared to the control group. There were no differences between the groups in pain intensity, thickness, and resistance of the transverse abdominal muscle. Conclusion A 4-week specific program based on re-education exercises of the preactivation of the abdominal transverse muscle is more effective than conventional treatment for reducing disability and increasing the activation of the abdominal transverse muscle measured by VAS scale and PBU. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03097497. Date of registration: 31/03/2017.

The objective of this paper was to determine how different types of posterior staphyloma (PS) may affect the appearance and degree of myopic maculopathy. A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which 467 eyes from 246 highly myopic patients [axial length (AL) ≥ 26 mm] were studied. A complete ophthalmic exploration was carried out on all patients, including imaging tests. The presence of macular PS was established as the main comparison variable between groups (macular PS vs. non-macular PS vs. non-PS). The variables analyzed included age, AL, decimal best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Atrophy (A)/Traction (T)/Neovascularization (N) components according to the ATN grading system, and the presence of severe pathologic myopia (PM). Out of the total, 179 eyes (38.3%) presented macular PS, 146 eyes presented non-macular PS (31.2%), and 142 eyes showed no PS (30.4%). The group without PS was significantly younger than macular PS and non-macular PS groups (53.85 vs. 66.57 vs. 65.20 years; p < 0.001 each, respectively). There were no age differences between PS groups. Eyes with macular PS (31.47 ± 2.30 mm) were significantly longer than those with non-macular PS (28.68 ± 1.78 mm, p < 0.001) and those without PS (27.47 ± 1.34 mm, p < 0.001). BCVA was significantly better in the non-PS group (0.75 ± 0.27) compared to the non-macular PS (0.56 ± 0.31) and macular PS groups (0.43 ± 0.33), with p < 0.001 each. Eyes without PS showed significantly lower A and T components (1.31 ± 0.96 and 0.30 ± 0.53, respectively) than non-macular PS (2.21 ± 0.75 and 0.71 ± 0.99, respectively, p < 0.001 each) and macular PS eyes (2.83 ± 0.64 and 1.11 ± 1.10, respectively, p < 0.001 each). The N component was lower in non-PS eyes vs. non-macular PS eyes (0.20 ± 0.59 vs. 0.47 ± 0.83, p < 0.001) and as compared to the macular PS group (0.68 ± 0.90, p < 0.01). Additionally, the N component was significantly lower in the non-macular PS group than in the macular PS one (p < 0.05). The prevalence of severe PM was different between groups (p < 0.001). It was higher among macular PS eyes (138/179) when compared to other groups (p < 0.001, each), followed by the non-macular PS eyes (40/146) and being the lowest in the non-PS group (20/142). To conclude, macular PS is associated with a more advanced maculopathy, worse vision, and higher rates of severe PM.

Mycotoxins, natural toxins produced by fungi, contaminate nearly 80% of global food crops. Alternaria mycotoxins, including alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethylether (AME), and tenuazonic acid (TeA), present a health concern due to their prevalence in various plants and fruits. Exposure to these toxins exceeds the threshold of toxicological concern in some European populations, especially infants and toddlers. Despite this, regulatory standards for Alternaria toxins remain absent. The lack of toxicokinetic parameters, reference levels, and sensitive detection methods complicates risk assessment and highlights the necessity for advanced biomonitoring (HBM) techniques. This study addresses these challenges by developing and validating ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to quantify AOH, AME, TeA, and their conjugates in multiple biological matrices. The validated method demonstrates robust linearity, precision, recovery (94–111%), and sensitivity across urine (LOD < 0.053 ng/mL), capillary blood (LOD < 0.029 ng/mL), and feces (LOD < 0.424 ng/g), with significantly lower LOD for TeA compared to existing methodologies. The application of minimally invasive microsampling techniques for the blood collection enhances the potential for large-scale HBM studies. These advancements represent a step toward comprehensive HBM and exposure risk assessments for Alternaria toxins, facilitating the generation of data for regulatory authorities.

This study compares a standard monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) with two rotationally asymmetric refractive multifocal IOLs, analyzing power profiles and wavefront data across three nominal powers. Tested IOLs included monofocal Acunex AN6 and multifocal AN6V (addition +1.50 D) and AN6VM (addition +3.00 D) by Teleon Surgical, at powers +10.00 D, +20.00 D, and +30.00 D. Using NIMO TR1504, power profiles, spherical aberration, and coma were analyzed. Multifocal lenses displayed an asymmetrical design, with zones for far and near vision and a central notch for far power. The multifocal AN6V and AN6VM showed neutral spherical aberration in the center, increasing to positive values, and finally achieving negative values towards the periphery. The vertical coma coefficient [Z(3:−1)] remains almost stable for the monofocal IOLs. The lower-addition multifocal IOLs induce primary vertical coma of +0.11 microns at 3 mm away from the lens center compared to +0.21 microns obtained with the high-addition lens. We can conclude that the multifocal AN6V and AN6VM lenses display an asymmetrical design. The final addition provided by these lenses depends on its nominal power. The variation of SA with optic size is more pronounced for the monofocal model, and it is dependent on the nominal power.

Abstract Background The purpose is to report the second case, to our knowledge, of suspected paclitaxel-induced phototoxic maculopathy following pars plana vitrectomy surgery. Case presentation 63-year-old phakic female who underwent an uneventful phaco-vitrectomy to treat a complete macular hole, developing macular phototoxicity in the post-operatively period that could not be explained by the surgery itself and could only be attributed to a possible photosensitization induced by the previous use of paclitaxel. Conclusions The use of paclitaxel has been widely extended as a chemotherapy drug to treat breast cancer. It works by altering the intracellular microtubular reorganization and, based on this mechanism of action, photosensitivity has been previously described. We report a case of suspected paclitaxel-induced macular phototoxicity following ocular endoillumination during vitrectomy surgery.

AbstractLa preparación intelectual y profesional que hoy tiene la mujer, equivalente a la del varón, ha hecho que esta ya no se contente con un papel secundario, sino que exija igualdad de oportunidades y reconocimiento dentro de la Iglesia. Como consecuencia, la Iglesia del siglo XXI se plantea el desafío de incorporar a mujeres en la organización eclesiástica. Sin embargo, el hecho de que a lo largo de la historia las mujeres hayan estado ausentes en este tipo de puestos, hace que no sea evidente su lugar. De hecho, ante la incorporación de estas a los puestos de decisión en la Iglesia se alzan límites jurídicos. En este trabajo proponemos una reflexión sobre la potestad de gobierno, tal como la entiende el Derecho en la Iglesia. Para esto será útil una mirada al desarrollo histórico del problema, así como adentrarnos en la discusión doctrinal sobre si para ocupar puestos de responsabilidad es necesario ser sacerdote o si también se pueden confiar a laicos. Por otra parte, destacaremos como, mientras que la doctrina canónica trabaja por explicar en qué medida y modo los laicos pueden participar de la potestad de gobierno, en el pontificado de Francisco son frecuentes los nombramientos de mujeres en puestos de relevancia, de manera que la propia vida eclesial nos está ofreciendo las respuestas.

Abstract Background CPX‐351 is approved for the treatment of therapy related acute myeloid leukemia (t‐AML) and AML with myelodysplastic related changes (MRC‐AML). The benefits of this treatment over standard chemotherapy has not been addressed in well matched cohorts of real‐life patients. Methods Retrospective analysis of AML patients treated with CPX‐351 as per routine practice. A propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare their main outcomes with those observed in a matched cohort among 765 historical patients receiving intensive chemotherapy (IC), all of them reported to the PETHEMA epidemiologic registry. Results Median age of 79 patients treated with CPX‐351 was 67 years old (interquartile range 62–71), 53 were MRC‐AML. The complete remission (CR) rate or CR without recovery (CRi) after 1 or 2 cycles of CPX‐351 was 52%, 60‐days mortality 18%, measurable residual disease

Background: Perinatal depression is a major public health problem, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 15% during the first postpartum year. Despite the high prevalence of postpartum depression, there is no consensus regarding assessment and treatment in the Spanish context. The General Council of Psychology of Spain convened a working group of experts in the field, including both academics and healthcare professionals, to review and propose recommendations based on evidence and best practices that could be applied in the Spanish context. Method: A literature search was completed in various databases (e.g., Medline, PsychInfo) including a combination of terms related to peripartum depression (PPD) assessment and diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and cost-effectiveness. A narrative synthesis of the literature has been conducted together with a critical overview of PPD with a special focus on the Spanish context. Results: In this consensus report, developing questions including prevalence and assessment tools, comparative effectiveness of preventive and treatment interventions, and cost-effectiveness of PPD management have been analyzed. Conclusions: The General Council of Psychology of Spain network advocates the establishment of compulsory screening protocols in all the autonomous regions. Also, it is necessary to promote the inclusion in maternal education of programs for the promotion of mental well-being and selective/indicated prevention carried out by a psychology professional with specialized training in the area. This consensus document also promotes the presence of a psychology professional with specialized training in the area.

Objective This study aimed to estimate the incidence of giant cell arteritis (GCA) in Spain and to analyse its clinical manifestations, and distribution by age group, sex, geographical area and season.Methods We included all patients diagnosed with GCA between 1 June 2013 and 29 March 2019 at 26 hospitals of the National Health System. They had to be aged ≥50 years and have at least one positive results in an objective diagnostic test (biopsy or imaging techniques), meet 3/5 of the 1990 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria or have a clinical diagnosis based on the expert opinion of the physician in charge. We calculated incidence rate using Poisson regression and assessed the influence of age, sex, geographical area and season.Results We identified 1675 cases of GCA with a mean age at diagnosis of 76.9±8.3 years. The annual incidence was estimated at 7.42 (95% CI 6.57 to 8.27) cases of GCA per 100 000 people ≥50 years with a peak for patients aged 80–84 years (23.06 (95% CI 20.89 to 25.4)). The incidence was greater in women (10.06 (95% CI 8.7 to 11.5)) than in men (4.83 (95% CI 3.8 to 5.9)). No significant differences were found between geographical distribution and incidence throughout the year (p=0.125). The phenotypes at diagnosis were cranial in 1091 patients, extracranial in 337 patients and mixed in 170 patients.Conclusions This is the first study to estimate the incidence of GCA in Spain at a national level. We found a predominance among women and during the ninth decade of life with no clear variability according to geographical area or seasons of the year.

IntroductionSilver-releasing dressings are used in the treatment of infected wounds. Despite their widespread use, neither the amount of silver released nor the potential in vivo toxicity is known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects and the amount of silver released from commercially available dressings with infected wounds.MethodsThe review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. The Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched for studies from 2002 through December 2022. The criteria were as follows: population (human patients with infected wounds); intervention (commercial dressings with clinical silver authorized for use in humans); and outcomes (concentrations of silver ions released into tissues and plasma). Any study based on silver-free dressings, experimental dressings, or dressings not for clinical use in humans should be excluded. According to the type of study, systematic reviews, experimental, quasi-experimental, and observational studies in English, Spanish, or Portuguese were considered. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tools. Studies that assessed at least 65% of the included items were included. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers.Results740 articles were found and five were finally selected (all of them quasi-experimental). Heterogeneity was found in terms of study design, application of silver dressings, and methods of assessment, which limited the comparability between studies.ConclusionIn vivo comparative studies of clinical dressings for control of infection lack a standardized methodology that allows observation of all the variables of silver performance at local and systemic levels, as well as evaluation of its cytotoxicity. It cannot be concluded whether the assessed concentrations of released silver in commercial dressings for the topical treatment of infected wounds are cytotoxic to skin cells.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022351041, PROSPERO [CRD42022351041].

BackgroundThe curricular changes in educational activities, teaching methodologies, and assessment systems brought about by the COVID-19 closure, which restricted attendance in curricular practices, required adjustments. However, the impact of these curricular adaptations on the acquisition of competencies in the clinical context has not been sufficiently explored.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the potential impact on the expected learning outcomes in the Basic Manual Therapy course following curricular adaptations made during the COVID-19 lockdown. We specifically must be focused on acquiring competencies related to the clinical domain, including clinical practice, medical history, and reflective journaling during clinical practices. We aimed to compare these experiences with those of students who did not undergo any adaptations in the previous academic year.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study in a sample of physical therapy university students, conducted in accordance with Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. We divided students into two groups based on when they enrolled: the ‘non-exposed group’ (NE), which includes those who finished the Basic Manual Therapy course in 2018–2019 and Clinical Stays I in 2019–2020, and the ‘exposed group’ (E), consisting of students who completed the Basic Manual Therapy course in 2019–2020 and later took part in Clinical Stays I during 2020–2021.ResultsA total of 282 students were included in the study. The results indicated that the curricular adaptations implemented for the Basic Manual Therapy [U(E Mdn = 7.7000, NE Mdn = 7.7000) = 9,286, z = −0.546, p = 0.585] and Clinical Stays I subjects [U(E Mdn = 8.5900, NE Mdn = 8.4700) = 9,600, z = −0.078, p = 0.938] did not have a statistically significant impact on the acquisition of competencies and learning outcomes when comparing the two groups. Most differences between groups were observed in reflective journaling marks [U(E Mdn =8.300, NE Mdn = 8.000) = 7770.5, z = −2.796, p = 0.005] and Student Progress item of this Reflective Journaling [U(E Mdn = 9.000, NE Mdn = 8.000) = 7216.5, z = −3,668, p = 0.000], favoring the E cohort. In both groups, a low and positive correlation was found between the ordinary BMT mark and the ordinary CS I mark [Rho (E = 0.206, NE = 0.170), p

El objetivo del presente artículo radica en dilucidar el traspaso del voto del Partido Popular hacia VOX, desde las elecciones generales de junio de 2016 a los comicios celebrados en noviembre de 2019. Asimismo, se tratará de poner de relieve de qué modo el componente emocional se sitúa como un factor explicativo del voto a la formación de extrema derecha en España. Para ello, se llevará a cabo un análisis cuantitativo a partir de los datos de la encuesta realizada por el Equipo de Investigaciones Políticas de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Se pondrá el foco de atención en las emociones de carácter positivo (presencia e intensidad) hacia Pablo Casado, líder del PP hasta 2022, y hacia Santiago Abascal, líder de VOX. Asimismo, se analizarán las emociones de ambos electorados hacia las dos formaciones políticas indicadas. Los principales resultados manifiestan un claro perfil emocional de los votantes de la extrema derecha en España, tanto hacia su líder como al partido. Respecto al traspaso del voto, se podrá comprobar cómo el principal caladero del voto a la extrema derecha proviene del PP

Background: Improvements in imaging methods and adjuvant chemotherapy have increased survival rates in children with bone sarcomas up to 80%, therefore long-lasting limb salvage procedures are needed. Purpose: To describe a case series of pediatric patients who have undergone physeal distraction prior to tumor resection for treatment of metaphyseal malignant bone tumors. Methods: Between January 2007 to December 2020, 8 patients (5 boys and 3 girls) with a mean age of 7.2 years (2–13), underwent physeal distraction as the first stage of a tumor resection protocol. Six patients had Ewing's sarcoma and two had osteosarcoma. Tumor locations were: proximal tibia (4 cases), distal femur, proximal humerus, distal radius, and distal fibula (1 case each). The affected bones were replaced with cadaver allograft in 6 patients; there was also one fibula autograft and one vascularized fibula graft. Chemotherapy was administered pre- and post-surgery; one patient received adjuvant radiotherapy. Average follow-up was 62.6 months (8–152). Results: Physeal distraction lasted an average of 10.6 days (3–15); delay to definitive resection was 17 days (range 13–22). Mean length of resection was 10.7 ​cm (range 5–14) and all had negative margins. There were no local recurrences. Three patients suffered disease progression with metastasis and died. Surgical complications included: pin infection (1 patient), surgical site infection (2 patients), allograft fracture (1 patient), and nonunion of the diaphyseal junction (3 patients). Final lower limb length discrepancy was 1.5 ​cm (range 1–2 ​cm). Normal joint function was achieved in 6 patients. The mean MSTS score was 75% (53%–97%). Conclusions: Physeal distraction technique is an oncologically safe limb salvage procedure with good functional results, and it should be considered in the treatment of metaphyseal pediatric malignant tumors.

La lingüística forense es una rama de la lingüística aplicada que estudia la interfaz entre el lenguaje y el derecho, abarcando varios campos de estudio como la identificación forense de locutores, entre otros. Esta última es una de las ramas forenses que se enfrenta a dificultades metodológicas inherentes a su propio objeto de estudio: el habla, ya que se trata de una referencia biométrica sometida a numerosos factores de variabilidad (Delgado Romero, 2005: 117). Es por ello por lo que es necesario para el experto forense partir de estudios descriptivos de diferentes parámetros vocales que caractericen las poblaciones de referencia. De este modo, el objetivo fundamental de este artículo ha sido describir, en concreto, las consonantes róticas percusivas en posición intervocálica, centrándonos en el análisis de las variables sociolingüísticas.

Turistificación de espacios urbanos: propuesta de medición En los años previos a la eclosión de la COVID-19, el rápido crecimiento del turismo y la irrupción de las plataformas online de alquiler de viviendas turísticas supusieron un incremento muy notable de la presión turística en los destinos urbanos, desencadenando procesos (y problemas) de overtourism, gentrificación turística o turistificación. La recuperación turística postpandemia sitúa de nuevo estos procesos en primera línea de debate. Este texto reflexiona sobre las posibilidades de medición de la turistificación del espacio urbano. Se propone una metodología que arranca con la elaboración de dos indicadores que se aplican a escala de manzana en Donostia-San Sebastián: un indicador de intensidad de alojamiento turístico y un indicador de especialización turística de la oferta comercial y hostelera. Seguidamente, se procede al cruce espacial de los valores obtenidos y su contraste con la presencia de visitantes, lo que permite reflejar a escala de manzana la geografía de la turistificación de la ciudad. La turistificación supone ante todo un proceso de intensificación de la actividad turística que se distribuye de forma desigual sobre el espacio urbano y actúa sobre un entramado preexistente que determina su alcance. Desde una perspectiva aplicada el trabajo realizado genera conocimiento útil para la toma de decisiones sobre el conjunto de las políticas urbanas que afrontan la inserción sostenible del turismo en la ciudad.

Desde 1987, han sido beatificados en España más de dos mil mártires de lo que se ha llamado la persecución religiosa de la Guerra Civil. Sus cuerpos asesinados y enterrados en fosas comunes, fueron posteriormente exhumados, reinhumados (a menudo varios veces) y fragmentados en numerosas reliquias que multiplican su poder como mediadores entre el cielo y la tierra en un proceso que comenzó en los años 40 y todavía no ha concluido. Este artículo reflexiona sobre la creación contemporánea de estas reliquias analizando las normas, usos y prácticas de esta peculiar forma de culto católico que trata los restos humanos sagrados con sus propias reglas, avaladas por el Derecho Canónico, al margen de las convenciones sobre la conservación de otros restos arqueológicos.

IntroductionThe large family of PE and PPE proteins accounts for as much as 10% of the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, we explored the immunogenicity of three proteins from this family, PE18, PE31, and PPE26, in humans and mice.MethodsThe investigation involved analyzing the immunoreactivity of the selected proteins using sera from TB patients, IGRA-positive household contacts, and IGRA-negative BCG vaccinated healthy donors from the TB endemic country Mozambique. Antigen-recall responses were examined in PBMC from these groups, including the evaluation of cellular responses in healthy unexposed individuals. Moreover, systemic priming and intranasal boosting with each protein, combined with the Quil-A adjuvant, were conducted in mice.ResultsWe found that all three proteins are immunoreactive with sera from TB patients, IGRA-positive household contacts, and IGRA-negative BCG vaccinated healthy controls. Likewise, antigen-recall responses were induced in PBMC from all groups, and the proteins stimulated proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy unexposed individuals. In mice, all three antigens induced IgG antibody responses in sera and predominantly IgG, rather than IgA, responses in bronchoalveolar lavage. Additionally, CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory T cell responses were observed in the spleen, with PE18 demonstrating the ability to induce tissue-resident memory T cells in the lungs.DiscussionHaving demonstrated immunogenicity in both humans and mice, the protective capacity of these antigens was evaluated by challenging immunized mice with low-dose aerosol of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The in vitro Mycobacterial Growth Inhibition Assay (MGIA) and assessment of viable bacteria in the lung did not demonstrate any ability of the vaccination protocol to reduce bacterial growth. We therefore concluded that these three specific PE/PPE proteins, while immunogenic in both humans and mice, were unable to confer protective immunity under these conditions.

Abstract Purpose This study conducted a critical review of the peer-reviewed literature on the use of supplemental toric intraocular lenses (STIOL) in the ciliary sulcus to correct residual refractive astigmatism. Methods This review used PubMed as a database from 1 January 2010 to 13 March 2023. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined, 14 articles were selected for the current review. Results The data of 155 eyes were analyzed. Most of the studies reviewed had a short follow-up and poor or limited design, including case reports, case series, and retrospective cohorts. The follow-up period ranged from 43 days to 4.5 years. STIOL rotation was the most frequently described complication in the literature, with a mean rotation of 30.48 ± 19.90°. These patients required repositioning in 50 of 155 eyes (32.25%). Moreover, four eyes (2.58%) required scleral fixation sutures and two eyes (1.29%) iris fixation. Other complications were high intraocular pressure (3 eyes, 1.93%), transient corneal edema (2 eyes, 1.29%), corneal decompensation (2 eyes, 1.29%), and pigment dispersion (1 eye, 0.64%). From the total, 57.41% of eyes (89 eyes from 155) achieved within ± 0.50D of target refractive astigmatism. It is important to highlight that at least 52 eyes out of the 155 (33.54%) had an abnormal cornea with irregular astigmatism. Conclusion STIOL seem to offer good visual and refractive outcomes. However, STIOL showed variable rotational stability, especially in some platforms. Further studies with a more robust design, methodology, and standardized analysis methods are needed to confirm these trends.

Abstract Background Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine that has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. TGF-β1 has been linked to cardiovascular disease in the general population. The immunosuppressive effect of TGF-β1 is believed to be dysregulated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the present work, we aimed to study the relationship of serum levels of TGF-β1 with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in patients with SLE. Methods The study included 284 patients with SLE. Serum levels of TGF-β1 and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (by carotid ultrasonography) were evaluated. In addition, the complete lipid profile and insulin resistance were analyzed. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analysis was performed to establish the relationship of TGF-β1 with carotid subclinical atherosclerosis adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors that included lipid profile and insulin resistance. Results Circulating TGF-β1 was positively and significantly associated with higher levels of LDL:HDL cholesterol ratio and atherogenic index. TGF-β1 was also associated with significantly lower levels of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1. Remarkably, TGF-β1 was associated with the presence of carotid plaque not only after adjustment for demographics (age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, and aspirin use) but also after adjustment for relationships of TGF-β1 with lipid profile molecules, insulin resistance, and SLEDAI disease score (odds ratio 1.14 [95% confidence interval 1.003–1.30], p = 0.045). Conclusion TGF-β1 serum levels are positively and independently associated with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis disease in patients with SLE.

Abstract Background and aim Maternal overweight and breastfeeding seem to have a significant impact on the gut microbiota colonization process, which co-occurs simultaneously with brain development and the establishment of the “microbiota-gut-brain axis”, which potentially may affect behavior later in life. This study aimed to examine the influence of maternal overweight, obesity and/or gestational diabetes on the offspring behavior at 3.5 years of age and its association with the gut microbiota already established at 18 months of life. Methods 156 children born to overweight (OV, n = 45), obese (OB, n = 40) and normoweight (NW, n = 71) pregnant women participating in the PREOBE study were included in the current analysis. Stool samples were collected at 18 months of life and gut microbiome was obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Behavioral problems were evaluated at 3.5 years by using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). ANOVA, Chi-Square Test, ANCOVA, Spearman’s correlation, logistic regression model and generalized linear model (GLM) were performed. Results At 3.5 years of age, Children born to OV/OB mothers showed higher scores in behavioral problems than those born to NW mothers. Additionally, offspring born to OB mothers who developed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) presented higher scores in attention/deficit hyperactivity and externalizing problems than those born to GDM OV/NW mothers. Fusicatenibacter abundance found at 18 months of age was associated to lower scores in total, internalizing and pervasive developmental problems, while an unidentified genus within Clostridiales and Flavonifractor families abundance showed a positive correlation with anxiety/depression and somatic complaints, respectively. On the other hand, children born to mothers with higher BMI who were breastfed presented elevated anxiety, internalizing problems, externalizing problems and total problems scores; likewise, their gut microbiota composition at 18 months of age showed positive correlation with behavioral problems at 3.5 years: Actinobacteria abundance and somatic complaints and between Fusobacteria abundance and withdrawn behavior and pervasive developmental problems. Conclusions Our findings suggests that OV/OB and/or GDM during pregnancy is associated with higher behavioral problems scores in children at 3.5 years old. Additionally, associations between early life gut microbiota composition and later mental health in children was also found.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder identified by hematological abnormalities including anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Complement system disturbance is implicated in the pathogenesis of SLE. In this work, we aim to study how a full assessment of the complement system, which includes the evaluation of its three pathways, relates to blood cell counts in a population of patients with SLE. New-generation functional assays of the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways of the complement system were conducted in 284 patients with SLE. Additionally, serum levels of inactive molecules (C1q, C2, C3, C4, factor D) and activated molecules (C3a), as well as regulators (C1-inhibitor and factor H), were evaluated. Complete blood cell counts were analyzed. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to study the relationship of hematological profiles with this full characterization of the complement system. After multivariable adjustments that included age, sex, SLICC-DI (damage), and SLEDAI (activity) scores, as well as the use of aspirin, prednisone, methotrexate, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil, several relationships were observed between the C pathways and the individual products and blood cells profile. Lower values of C1q and C2 were associated with lower hemoglobin levels. Lower leukocyte counts showed significantly lower values of C4, C1 inhibitor, C3, factor D, and alternative pathway functional levels. Neutrophil counts showed significant negative relationships only with the alternative pathway and C1-inh. In the case of lymphocytes, associations were found, especially with functional tests of the classical and alternative pathways, as well as with C2, C4, C3, and C3a. On the contrary, for platelets, significance was only observed, after multivariable adjustment, with lower C2 concentrations. In conclusion, the serum complement system and hematological profile in SLE are independently linked, after adjustment for disease activity and damage. These relationships are basically negative and are predominantly found in lymphocytes.

This retrospective study aimed to analyze the return to running of non-professional runners after experiencing asymptomatic or mild COVID-19. Participants aged 18–55 years who maintained a training load of ≥10 km/week for at least three months prior to diagnosis and utilized Garmin/Polar apps were included. From these devices, parameters such as pace, distance, total running time, cadence, and heart rate were collected at three intervals: pre-COVID, immediately post-COVID, and three months after diagnosis. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for analysis (significance was set at ≤0.05). Twenty-one participants (57.1% male; mean age 35.0 ± 9.8 years) were included. The results revealed a significant decrease in running duration and distance two weeks after diagnosis, without significant changes in other parameters. Three months after infection, no differences were observed compared to pre-infection data, indicating a return to the pre-disease training load. These findings underscore the transient impact of COVID-19 on training performance among non-professional runners with mild or asymptomatic symptoms, highlighting the importance of tailored strategies for resuming running after infection.

Mean platelet volume (MPV), which represents the average platelet size in femtoliters, has emerged as a reliable biomarker in several systemic and chronic disorders. However, its relationship with disease characteristics in large series of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has not been exhaustively studied to date. In the present work, we aimed to analyze how disease characteristics, including disease activity and cumulative damage, relate to MPV in a well-characterized series of SLE patients. In total, 179 patients with SLE and 181 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. Complete blood counts including MPV were assessed. Linear multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between MPV and SLE disease characteristics, including composite scores of disease activity and damage. MPV was significantly lower in patients with SLE compared to controls after multivariable analysis (beta coefficient, −0.7 [95% confidence interval, −1.1 to −0.3)] fL, p < 0.001). Although the SLEDAI disease activity index was not related to MPV, the SLICC score measuring cumulative disease damage was significantly associated with lower MPV values after adjustment for covariates. Elements of the SLICC score that were associated with lower MPV levels were those pertaining to the kidney, peripheral vascular, and musculoskeletal manifestations of the disease. In conclusion, MPV is lower in patients with SLE compared to matched controls. This MPV downregulation is primarily due to the renal, peripheral vascular and musculoskeletal manifestations of the disease. MPV may represent a biomarker of accrual disease damage in SLE.