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BACKGROUND: Romina strawberry cultivar is rich in bioactive compounds. Healthy properties of Romina have been only partially investigated. There are almost no information concerning aging and age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate about the effects of a methanolic extract of the strawberry Romina cultivar on aging, redox biology, and tau protein-related aspects of AD in Caenorhabditis elegans. METHODS: Caenorhabditis elegans strains were treated with 100, 500 or 1000μg/mL of a methanolic extract of the Romina cultivar and evaluated for toxicity, lifespan, tau protein expression and redox biology markers. RESULTS: No toxicity was found. Tau expression was lower in nematodes treated with 500 and 1000μg/mL. All treatments induced higher lifespan than control. Lipofuscin expression was higher in old nematodes and the treatments led to a lower expression in young and old animals. Redox biology markers were improved by strawberry treatment in young and old animals, but the best results were found for different dosages depending on age. CONCLUSIONS: Romina cultivar presented promising effects concerning tau-related AD and longevity. Romina might be considered from the point of view of a proper regulation of redox biology, but considering that treatment conditions should be adjusted by age.

Diets enriched in plant-based foods are associated with the maintenance of a good well-being and with the prevention of many non-communicable diseases. The health effects of fruits and vegetables consumption are mainly due to the presence of micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals, and polyphenols, plant secondary metabolites. One of the most important classes of phenolic compounds are anthocyanins, that confer the typical purple-red color to many foods, such as berries, peaches, plums, red onions, purple corn, eggplants, as well as purple carrots, sweet potatoes and red cabbages, among others. This commentary aims to briefly highlight the progress made by science in the last years, focusing on some unexpected aspects related with anthocyanins, such as their bioavailability, their health effects and their relationship with gut microbiota.

Diet plays a central role in aging and in the prevention of age-related diseases. Specifically, dietary lipids have influence on processes like oxidative stress or inflammation. This review summarizes and compares the effects of lifelong feeding on three different fat sources, namely virgin olive oil, sunflower oil or fish oil (which differ in fatty acid profile and minor components content) in the pancreas, liver, alveolar bone and femur of old rats. Also, effects on longevity and causes of death are summarized. Animals fed on virgin olive oil had a lower number of β cells and insulin content in the pancreas, less liver fibrosis, less loss of alveolar bone, and greater bone mass density in the femur. In general, the markers of oxidative damage at the liver, pancreatic, gingival and systemic levels were also lower in animals fed on virgin olive oil compared to those treated with sunflower or fish oil. Finally, although the animals died from similar causes regardless of the experimental group, virgin olive oil increased lifespan compared to sunflower oil. Therefore, it is evidenced the chance to modulate the effects of the physiological aging process by diet and, more specifically, by dietary fat.

Alzheimer's is a chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system considered the leading cause of dementia in the world.

BACKGROUND: Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of most used chemotherapeutic drugs, but it has important adverse effects. Nutrition has a critical role to prevent or minimize chemotherapy side effects. Caloric and nutrient restriction has been widely studied in different health fields showing extensive beneficial effects. Given the importance of these interventions, it is expected that some of them have benefits in patients under DOX chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to compile published studies evaluating the effects of different dietary intetrventions based on restriction of calories or certain nutrients against DOX-induced damage and toxicity. RESULTS: Caloric restriction and partial reduction of fat have shown to reduce DOX cardiotoxicity correlating with a reduction of oxidative stress. Reduction of dietary fat was proved to act in the same sense at liver and kidney. Studies in relation to protein reduction is more elevated has focused only on kidneys and bone, and under certain circumstances, these interventions could increase susceptibility to DOX toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: The promising effects of restriction of dietary fat, protein and sodium on differerent organs have been supported by a greater number of studies among all the dietary interventions evaluated. Still, clinical studies are necessary to confirm the potential usefulness of these interventions.

Background The consumption of edible flowers has increased in recent years because of their wide use in gastronomy as a decorative element or as an ingredient in dishes. In addition to influencing texture, taste or appearance, flowers are rich in bioactive compounds. Scope and approach This review focuses on the composition and nutritional features of edible flowers and their extracts, and their health benefits related to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurological diseases, diabetes, obesity, in addition to their hepatoprotective and microbicidal effects. The mechanisms though which some of them exert their effects and the specific compounds associated with these effects have also been addressed. Key findings and conclusions Edible flowers have a high content in phenolic compounds and a high antioxidant capacity, property that confers positive effects on oxidative stress-related diseases. Some extracts based on edible flowers exert hepato-, neuro- or cardioprotective actions. Anticancer properties, improvements in metabolic disorders and microbiocidal effects even in multidrug-resistant bacteria have also been attributed to some edible flowers or their extracts. Most of the studies have been performed in vitro, so further assays in in vivo models are needed. Additionally, it would be important to elucidate the mechanisms by which these observed effects are performed. In conclusion, edible flowers could be used as a new approach for the development of nutraceutical products or functional foods.

Evidence demonstrates the importance of lipid metabolism and signaling in cancer cell biology. De novo lipogenesis is an important source of lipids for cancer cells, but exogenous lipid uptake remains essential for many cancer cells. Dietary lipids can modify lipids present in tumor microenvironment affecting cancer cell metabolism. Clinical trials have shown that diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can negatively affect tumor growth. However, certain n-6 PUFAs can also contribute to cancer progression. Identifying the molecular mechanisms through which lipids affect cancer progression will provide an opportunity for focused dietary interventions that could translate into the development of personalized diets for cancer control. However, the effective mechanisms of action of PUFAs have not been fully clarified yet. Mitochondria controls ATP generation, redox homeostasis, metabolic signaling, apoptotic pathways and many aspects of autophagy, and it has been recognized to play a key role in cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence linking dietary lipids effects on mitochondrial aspects with consequences for cancer progression and the molecular mechanisms that underlie this association.

As the number of older people has grown in recent decades, the search for new approaches to manage or delay aging is also growing. Among the modifiable factors, diet plays a crucial role in healthy aging and in the prevention of age-related diseases. Thus, the interest in the use of foods, which are rich in bioactive compounds such as functional foods with anti-aging effects is a growing market. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of action of foods considered as functional foods in aging, namely berries, curcumin, and virgin olive oil. Moreover, honey is also analyzed as a food with well-known healthy benefits, but which has not been deeply evaluated from the point of view of aging. The effects of these foods on aging are analyzed from the point of view of molecular mechanisms including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, genomic stability, telomere attrition, cellular senescence, and deregulated nutrient-sensing. A comprehensive study of the scientific literature shows that the aforementioned foods have demonstrated positive effects on certain aspects of aging, which might justify their use as functional foods in elderly. However, more research is needed, especially in humans, designed to understand in depth the mechanisms of action through which they act.

The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding support of FEDER/Junta de AndaluciaConsejeria de Economia y Conocimiento, Grant B-AGR-193-UGR18. Also grant PID2019-106778RBI00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 FEDER "Una manera de hacer Europa"., Olive milling produces olive oil and different by-products, all of them very rich in different bioactive compounds like the phenolic alcohol hydroxytyrosol. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of an olive fruit extract 20% rich in hydroxytyrosol on the molecular mechanisms associated with Alzheimer disease features like A beta- and tau- induced toxicity, as well as on oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Moreover, characterization of the extracts, regarding the profile and content of phenolics, as well as total antioxidant ability, was investigated. The study of lethality, growth, pharyngeal pumping, and longevity in vivo demonstrated the lack of toxicity of the extract. One hundred mu g/mL of extract treatment revealed prevention of oxidative stress and a delay in A beta-induced paralysis related with a lower presence of A beta aggregates. Indeed, the extract showed the ability to avoid a certain degree of proteotoxicity associated with aggregation of the tau protein. According to RNAi tests, SKN-1/NRF2 transcription factor and the overexpression of HSP-16.2 were mechanistically associated in the observed effects., FEDER/Junta de AndaluciaConsejeria de Economia y Conocimiento B-AGR-193-UGR18 PID2019-106778RBI00 MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

The authors gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PGC2018-102052-B-C21 and PID2020-116460RB-I00) and the Junta de Andaluci ' a (FQM-394 and FQM-134). The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding support of FEDER/Junta de Andaluci ' a Consejeri ' a de Economi ' a y Conocimiento, Grant B-AGR-193-UGR18. O. L. and J. G. F. B. also thank Grant PID2020-116460RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110 0011033. S. R. acknowledge the Juan de la Cierva Fellowship (IJC2019-038894-I). Mari ' a D. Navarro-Hortal and Jose M. Romero-Ma ' rquez are FPU fellows from the Spanish Ministry of Educacio ' n y Formacio ' n Profesional., A new palladium coordination compound based on gliclazide with the chemical formula [Pd(glz)(2)] (where glz = gliclazide) has been synthesized and characterised. The structural characterization reveals that this material consists of mononuclear units formed by a Pd2+ ion coordinated to two molecules of the glz ligand, in which palladium ions exhibit a distorted plane-square coordination sphere. This novel material behaves like a good and selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase, one of the most relevant therapeutic targets against Alzheimer's disease. Analysis of the enzyme kinetics showed a mixed mode of inhibition, the title compound being capable of interacting with both the free enzyme and the enzyme-substrate complex. Finally, the palladium compound shows promising protective activity against A beta-induced toxicity in the Caenorhabditis elegans model, which has never been reported., Spanish Government PGC2018-102052-B-C21 PID2020-116460RB-I00, Junta de Andalucia FQM-394 FQM-134, FEDER/Junta de Andaluci'a Consejeri'a de Economi'a y Conocimiento B-AGR-193-UGR18, MCIN/AEI/ PID2020-116460RB-I00, Juan de la Cierva Fellowship IJC2019-038894-I

Olive tree-derived products have been associated with numerous benefits for health. The aim of the present study was to characterize an olive leaf extract enriched in oleuropein (OLE) concerning phenolic content and profile as well as antioxidant capacity. Short-term and long-term toxicity, including oxidative stress, was in vivo evaluated in the experimental model Caenorhabditis elegans. Moreover, the potential therapeutic effect of the extract against Aβ induced- and tau protein induced-toxicity was also evaluated in C. elegans. OLE treatment did not exert toxicity. On the contrary, the extract was able to ameliorate oxidative stress and proteotoxicity related to Aβ and tau aggregation. The potential molecular mechanisms present behind the observed results explored by RNAi technology revealed that DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/NRF2, elements of the insulin insulin-like signalling pathway, as well as HSP-16.2 overexpression were involved., FEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Economia y Conocimiento B-AGR-193-UGR18, MCIN/AEI/FEDER "Una manera de hacer Europa" PID2019-106778RB-I00

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent, progressive disorder affecting millions of people. Currently, the therapeutics for AD only treat the symptoms. Although they have been used to discover new products of interest for this disease, mammalian models used to investigate the molecular determinants of this disease are often prohibitively expensive, time-consuming and very complex. On the other hand, cell cultures lack the organism complexity involved in AD. Given the highly conserved neurological pathways between mammals and invertebrates

M.D.N.-H. and J.M.R.-M. are recipient of a FPU fellow from the Spanish Ministry of Educación y Formación Profesional., Age-related bone disorders such as osteoporosis or osteoarthritis are a major public health problem due to the functional disability for millions of people worldwide. Furthermore, fractures are associated with a higher degree of morbidity and mortality in the long term, which generates greater financial and health costs. As the world population becomes older, the incidence of this type of disease increases and this effect seems notably greater in those countries that present a more westernized lifestyle. Thus, increased efforts are directed toward reducing risks that need to focus not only on the prevention of bone diseases, but also on the treatment of persons already afflicted. Evidence is accumulating that dietary lipids play an important role in bone health which results relevant to develop effective interventions for prevent bone diseases or alterations, especially in the elderly segment of the population. This review focuses on evidence about the effects of dietary lipids on bone health and describes possible mechanisms to explain how lipids act on bone metabolism during aging. Little work, however, has been accomplished in humans, so this is a challenge for future research.

Maria D. Navarro-Hortal and Jose M. Romero-Marquez are FPU fellows from the Spanish Ministry of Educacion y Formacion Profesional. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUA., Bioactive compounds from strawberries have been associated with multiple healthy benefits. The present study aimed to assess chemical characterization of a methanolic extract of the Romina strawberry variety in terms of antioxidant capacity, polyphenols profile and chemical elements content. Additionally, potential toxicity, the effect on amyloid-β production and oxidative stress of the extract was in vivo evaluated in the experimental model Caenorhabditis elegans. Results revealed an important content in phenolic compounds (mainly ellagic acid and pelargonidin-3-glucoside) and minerals (K, Mg, P and Ca). The treatment with 100, 500 or 1000 μg/mL of strawberry extract did not show toxicity. On the contrary, the extract was able to delay amyloid β-protein induced paralysis, reduced amyloid-β aggregation and prevented oxidative stress. The potential molecular mechanisms present behind the observed results explored by RNAi technology revealed that DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/NRF2 signaling pathways were, at least partially, involved., Universidad de Granada/CBUA

Doxorubicin (DOX), or adriamycin, is an anthracycline antineoplastic drug widely used in the chemotherapy of a large variety of cancers due to its potency and action spectrum. However, its use is limited by the toxicity on healthy cells and its acute and chronic side effects. One of the developed strategies to attenuate DOX toxicity is the combined therapy with bioactive compounds such as flavonoids. This review embraces the role of flavonoids on DOX treatment side effects. Protective properties of some flavonoidss against DOX toxicity have been investigated and observed mainly in heart but also in liver, kidney, brain, testis or bone marrow. Protective mechanisms involve reduction of oxidative stress by decrease of ROS levels and/or increase antioxidant defenses and interferences with autophagy, apoptosis and inflammation. Studies in cancer cells have reported that the anticancer activity of DOX was not compromised by the flavonoids. Moreover, some of them increased DOX efficiency as anti-cancer drug even in multidrug resistant cells.

Oxidative stress has been related to osteoporosis and other pathologies at the bone. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a lipid-soluble antioxidant present in cell membranes, has been suggested in vitro to reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at the same time to prevent or reduce osteoclastogenesis. Also, it promotes osteoblast differentiation and proliferation and matrix mineralization. Thus it has been suggested that this effect on osteoclastogenesis could be a consequence of the reduction of intracellular ROS. The protective effect of CoQ10 against bone loss has been also demonstrated in rodents. Age-associated changes in systemic markers of oxidative damage in animals treated with CoQ10 suggest that this antioxidant can reduce not only intracellular ROS alleviating oxidative damage but also osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption triggered by different signals. Additionally, it has been suggested that oxidative stress is the main mechanism explaining bone alterations both in aged rodents and in those with acute sex steroid deficiency.

Increasing evidence connects periodontitis with a variety of systemic diseases, including metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The proposal of this study was to evaluate the role of diets rich in saturated fat and cholesterol in some aspects of periodontal diseases in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of periodontal disease in rabbits and to assess the influence of a periodontal intervention on hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and NAFLD progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Male rabbits were maintained on a commercial standard diet or a diet rich in saturated fat (3% lard w/w) and cholesterol (1.3% w/w) (HFD) for 40 days. Half of the rabbits on each diet were treated 2 days per week with intragingival injections of LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Morphometric analyses revealed that LPS induced higher alveolar bone loss (ABL) around the first premolar in animals receiving standard diets, which was exacerbated by the HFD diet. A higher score of acinar inflammation in the liver and higher blood levels of triglycerides and phospholipids were found in HFD-fed rabbits receiving LPS. These results suggest that certain dietary habits can exacerbate some aspects of periodontitis and that bad periodontal health can contribute to dyslipidemia and promote NAFLD progression, but only under certain conditions.

The main sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells are mitochondria, whose components would be primary targets of ROS. Both facts are responsible for the key role of these organelles in aging according to the “mitochondrial theory of aging”. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is especially important since it would have the longest-term consequences impairing mitochondrial function. This would lead to a decrease in ATP production, but also to an increased ROS generation. In turn, CoQ, which acts as an electron carrier in mitochondria, is an essential factor for cell bioenergetics and an equilibrated CoQ pool is expected to perform a better electron flow adaptation. Moreover, it is a lipid-soluble antioxidant and efficiently prevents oxidation of DNA along with other macromolecules. Other interesting attributed roles include interaction with cell signaling cascades, anti-inflammatory activities and interference with programmed cell death. Due to this pleiotropic effect, most of interventions with CoQ have been focused on multiple processes related to mitochondria. In this sense, its effects have been investigated in mitochondrial diseases and pathological conditions related with aging whose patients have shown a higher frequency of mtDNA alterations. In addition, dietary CoQ also has been tested in combination with different diets rich in particular type of fatty acids due to the role of these in biological membranes and oxidative stress, as well as aging. This chapter aims to review the effect of CoQ on aging and mitochondrial dysfunction, with especial interest in their actions on mtDNA or the consequences of mtDNA alterations.

Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernandez is supported by a "Juan de la CiervaFormacion" post-doctoral contract. APROCAL provided the honeys used in this study. A grant from Regione Calabria and APROCAL supported the study., The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the anti-inflammatory effects of chestnut (Castanea sativa) and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus occidentalis) honeys collected in Italy on murine RAW 264.7 macrophages stressed with the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Pre-treatment with the two honeys markedly decreased apoptosis and stimulated wound healing in macrophages stressed with LPS, where they also reduced the intracellular levels of ROS and nitrite. Additionally, treatment with LPS decreased the levels of glutathione and suppressed the antioxidant enzyme activities, which were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the presence of the two honeys, through the modulation of Nrf2 expression; in LPS-stressed macrophages, Chestnut or Eucalyptus honeys protected against inflammation by regulating the main inflammatory biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-10 and iNOS, through the decrease of NF-KB expression. Finally, they improved mitochondrial respiration and the main related parameters., Juan de la CiervaFormacion" post-doctoral contract, Regione Calabria

The objective was to evaluate the toxicity of zinc- and doxycycline-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. These NPs are composed of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid. NPs were loaded with doxycycline (D-NPs) and zinc (Zn-NPs) by chemical adsorption, and loading efficacy was demonstrated. Worm death rate in a concentration-response curve basis was calculated for lethality. Metabolism was evaluated through pharyngeal pumping assay. Body length measurements, brood size and egg lays were used to gauge growth, reproduction and fertility respectively. Intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels were determined to assess the reactive oxygen species production. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni were used for comparisons (p < 0.05). Tested NPs at the highest dosage did not affect lethality or worm metabolism, expressed in terms of death rate and pharyngeal pumping per minute, respectively. Zn-NPs slightly increased worm growth. The concentration of the intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels was the lowest in the D-NPs group. The distinct NPs and concentrations employed were shown to be non-toxic for in situ administration of zinc and doxycycline, reducing the harmful effects of these compounds., This research was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and European Regional Development Fund (MINECO/FEDER MAT2017-85999P), and by the University of Granada (Excellence Program UNETE/UCE-PP2017-06).

The objective was to evaluate the toxicity of zinc- and doxycycline-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. These NPs are composed of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid. NPs were loaded with doxycycline (D-NPs) and zinc (Zn-NPs) by chemical adsorption, and loading efficacy was demonstrated. Worm death rate in a concentration-response curve basis was calculated for lethality. Metabolism was evaluated through pharyngeal pumping assay. Body length measurements, brood size and egg lays were used to gauge growth, reproduction and fertility respectively. Intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels were determined to assess the reactive oxygen species production. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni were used for comparisons (p < 0.05). Tested NPs at the highest dosage did not affect lethality or worm metabolism, expressed in terms of death rate and pharyngeal pumping per minute, respectively. Zn-NPs slightly increased worm growth. The concentration of the intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels was the lowest in the D-NPs group. The distinct NPs and concentrations employed were shown to be non-toxic for in situ administration of zinc and doxycycline, reducing the harmful effects of these compounds.

This study investigated the effects of feeding rats for 24 months on different unsaturated fats (virgin olive, sunflower, or fish oil) on gingival mitochondrial ultrastructure and expression of genes related to mitochondrial biology as well as the amount of circulating fatty acids in the plasma. Results show that sunflower oil led to a higher mitochondrial area, perimeter, and area:perimeter ratio, markers of swelling, and increased age. Sunflower oil also led to increased gene expression associated to biogenesis, autophagy, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Genes related to mitochondrial electron chain did not result affected by treatments. As old rats lifelong fed on sunflower oil have previously showed higher alveolar bone resorption, a major feature of periodontitis, we could conclude that age-related alveolar bone resorption associated with n6PUFA would be, at least in part, mediated by changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure and gene expression at the gingival tissue.

María Dolores Navarro-Hortal is a FPU fellow from the Spanish Ministry of Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. We acknowledge Nutraceutical Translations for English language editing of this manuscript., Beeswax is useful for the beekeeping sector but also for the agro-food, pharmaceutical or cosmetics sectors. Frequently, this bee product is contaminated with pesticides reducing its utility and causing the decline in its market. This study aimed to prove the effectiveness of an industrial-scale decontamination method in removing acaricides from beeswax. Chlorfenvinphos and coumaphos decrease was higher than 90%, whereas tau fluvalinate decrease was only 30%. No changes were observed in the beeswax content of hydrocarbons and monoesters, whereas a decrease in the concentrations of Ca, Fe, Zn, Hg, Mn and P, and an increase in the concentrations of As and Si were found after the decontamination. Filtration reduced total phenolics, flavonoids and the antioxidant capacity of the lipophilic extract. These results demonstrate that the industrial method used was as effective as the method previously tested on a laboratory scale. The study also contributes to a better knowledge and characterization of beeswax, specially related to trace and ultra-trace elements and antioxidant capacity. Moreover, it offers the chance to further develop a method to effectively detect wax adulterations based on the chemical elements profile., The present study was partially funded by the “National Beekeeping Aid Program (Programa Nacional de Ayudas a la Apicultura)”, cofounded by the European Union and assigned to Spanish FEGA and FEAGA agencies (2016).

Diet plays a decisive role in heart physiology, with lipids having especial importance in pathology prevention and development. This study aimed to investigate how dietary lipids varying in lipid profile (virgin olive oil, sunflower oil or fish oil) affected the heart of rats during aging. Heart histopathology, mitochondrial morphometry, and oxidative status were assessed. Typical histopathological features associated with aging, such as valvular lesions, endomyocardical hyperplasia, or papillary muscle calcification, were found at a low extent in all the experimental groups. The most relevant finding was that inflammation registered by fish oil group was lower compared to the other treatments. At the ultrastructural level, heart mitochondrial area, perimeter, and aspect ratio were higher in fish oil-fed rats than in those fed on sunflower oil. Concerning oxidative stress markers, there were differences only in coenzyme Q levels and catalase activity, lower in sunflower oil-fed animals compared with those fed on fish oil. In summary, dietary intake for a long period on dietary fats with different fatty acids profile led to differences in some aspects associated with the aging process at the heart. Fish oil seems to be the fat most protective of heart during aging., This research was supported by R + D grants from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [AGL2008-01057] and the Government of Andalusia [AGR832].

Edible flowers are being used as a new ingredient in modern gastronomy. Recently, these products have also gained interest as an important source of phenolic compounds with potential for biomedical applications. The present work studied a methanolic extract of Rosa x hybrida in which 35 individual phenolic compounds were identified. The extract has been evaluated for its antiproliferative properties in ovarian carcinoma cells. Results showed that the antiproliferative effect was associated with the induction of autophagy and apoptosis with the concomitant ROS increase probably related to mitochondria dysfunction. These antiproliferative effects might be associated with some components of the extract such as quercetin. The extract did not induce damage in healthy cells and that it was able to improve the wound healing activity. The present study also evaluated the properties of the mentioned extract in vivo in C. elegans. Tests demonstrated a lack of toxicity in the worm model. Promising results have been obtained in transgenic strains of C. elegans that produce human beta amyloid peptide, suggesting the possible utility of the extract from the point of view of Alzheimer disease. Altogether, results suggest that Rosa x hybrida extracts could be a new tool for the development of functional foods.

Extending life by delaying the aging process has been proven to be the most effective way to fight multiple chronic diseases in elderly adults. Evidence suggests that longevity is inversely related to unsaturation of membrane phospholipids. This study investigated how different unsaturated dietary fats affect life span and cause of death in male Wistar rats fed diets based on virgin olive oil (V), sunflower oil (S), or fish oil (F), which were supplemented or not with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Previous results suggest that individual longevity and survival probability at different ages may be modulated by an appropriate dietary fat treatment. Lifelong feeding with V or F diets would reduce death probability compared to feeding with S diet at certain ages, although the effects of V diet would be maintained for most of life. Furthermore, the addition of lower amounts of CoQ10 reduced mortality associated with S diet, but CoQ10 had no effect on survival when combined with virgin olive oil or fish oil. Supplementation with low doses of CoQ10 failed to increase the maximum life span potential of rats fed a V or F diet. No clear evidence showing that monounsaturated fatty acids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, or CoQ10 exerted the observed effects by modulating the rate of aging has been found.

Doxorubicin (DOX), is a very effective chemotherapeutic agent against cancer whose clinical use is limited by toxicity. Different strategies have been proposed to attenuate toxicity, including combined therapy with bioactive compounds. This review update mechanisms of action and toxicity of doxorubicin and the role of nutrients like vitamins (A, C, E), minerals (selenium) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Protective activities against DOX toxicity in liver, kidney, skin, bone marrow, testicles or brain have been reported, but these have not been evaluated for all of the reviewed nutrients. In most cases oxidation-related effects were present either, by reducing ROS levels and/or increasing antioxidant defenses. Antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms are also commonly reported. In some cases, interferences with autophagy and calcium homeostasis also have shown to be affected. Notwithstanding, there is a wide variety in duration and doses of treatment tested for both, compounds and DOX, which make difficult to compare the results of the studies. In spite of the reduction of DOX cardiotoxicity in health models, DOX anti-cancer activity in cancer cell lines or xenograft models usually did not result compromised when this has been evaluated. Importantly, clinical studies are needed to confirm all the observed effects.

Periodontal disease, a relevant public health problem worldwide, is generally considered a common pathology of elderly people. In this respect, there is agreement about that nutritional status may be a modifying factor in the progression and healing of the periodontal tissues. Vitamins have been recommended as nutraceuticals for prevention and treatment of some pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity or cancer. Thus, a systematic approach to determining how the different vitamin type could ameliorate periodontal risks or improve periodontal health is necessary to further the understanding of the potential benefits and risks of vitamins supplementation use. For this, a systematic review of English-written literature in PubMed until February 2018, which included both human and animal research on the relationship of each vitamin with periodontal disease, was conducted. Among all the analyzed vitamins those with antioxidant capacity and effects on immune system seem to be useful for prevention or improvement of periodontal disease, as well as those implicated in bone metabolism. In the first case, there are quite information in favor of various vitamins, mainly vitamin C, that is the most studied. In the second case, vitamin D seems to have the most relevant role., Authors acknowledge to the University of Granada and the Autonomous Government of Andalusia for partial support of the research team. Francesca Giampieri was supported by a Fondazione Umberto Veronesi Fellowship. Alfonso Varela-López is recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship from the Foundation Alfonso Martin Escudero. María D. Navarro-Hortal has enjoyed a Research Initiation Scholarship for undergraduate students of the University of Granada’s Own Plan during the 2016–2017 academic year and a Student Collaboration Grant for Research in University Departments for the academic year 2017–2018, from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, 2017/2018 call.