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Several Working Groups have been established within the frame of the second phase of the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR-II). The Tropospheric Ozone Precursors focus Working Group (TOP WG) aims to examine the current regional and global distribution, variability and trends of ozone precursors. Part of our strategy has been to analyze in greater detail different regions of the globe. In particular, this work addresses South America, a region characterized by densely populated urban areas with high air pollution levels.We use data from air quality monitoring networks that measure surface-level ozone, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and meteorological variables. To date, we have validated and incorporated monitoring stations from Brazil (51), Chile (18), Colombia (13) and Ecuador (6) into our central database. To evaluate short- and long-term ozone exposure, we use the maximum daily 8-hour average (MDA8) and the peak season guideline proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) set at 51 and 31 ppbv, respectively. We applied the Quantile Regression (QR) method to analyze ozone and precursor network trends. We also identified points in time series that mark changes in trends through a piecewise function.The highest MDA8 ozone for 2015-2021 was found in São Paulo (52 ppbv) and Santiago (51 ppbv). In São Paulo, the short-term ozone exposure decreased by 7% compared to the average of the years prior to 2015 (period analyzed in TOAR phase I), while in Santiago, it increased by 10%. In Bogota and Quito, the MDA8 complied with the WHO guidelines (33 and 32 ppbv, respectively). Similarly, the long-term ozone exposure guideline was exceeded in São Paulo (39 ppbv) and Santiago (40 ppbv), while Bogota (25 ppbv) and Quito (26 ppbv) complied. The trend analysis showed that Quito was the only city with a negative ozone trend of -0.10 ppb/year (50th percentile) for the analyzed period. In turn, the São Paulo trend increased after 2008 (0.43 ppbv/year), while Santiago and Bogota have increased since 2017 (0.93 ppbv/year and 1.3 ppbv/year, respectively). We highlight that the positive trend in Santiago is driven mainly by the high percentiles (>70th). Underlying processes that explain trends involve more efficient photochemical ozone formation (e.g., NO2/NOx trend) and meteorological factors.This ongoing work aims to include more South American cities and background stations already available in the new TOAR database. Finally, we will project ozone trends for the next decade using machine learning techniques (random forest) under precursor emission scenarios and temperature projections.

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted inventory management, used for inventory control within an enterprise with large warehousing and manufacturing systems, is currently common practice. There are many applications for UAVs within an enterprise, but they are generally used in tasks that have high risk connotations to perform activities quickly, such as in the cases of large enterprises that generally require inventory of many products quickly and efficiently connected in a smart city environment. Having an up-to-date inventory as quickly as possible in a smart city environment allows users to have the necessary information to verify the availability of products, reducing waiting times. The use of UAVs systems compared to conventional systems, such as unmanned ground vehicles, has several advantages, including the fact that UAVs have their own cameras and can move independently within the warehouse. This paper proposes the development of a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system (SCADA) for the inventory management of the company DHL, using drones. This study evaluates the OPC communication protocols for the virtual environment and the 232 serial connection protocol for the real environment, using LabView and Factory I/O programs. For the development of the system, the use of a drone was evaluated for the recognition of the availability of merchandise with the use of infrared technology incorporated in the drone by means of an Arduino. The appropriate use of communication protocols allowed the necessary information to be obtained for the communication of the LabView and Factory I/O environment in which a virtual environment based on the DHL inventory system is available. The system allowed the development of a SCADA system for the management of inventory monitoring in real time of the availability of goods in the virtual environment, allowing to obtain the necessary information for its integration in a smart city environment.

The steep slopes, highlands, and valleys of the Andes mountain chain are inhabited throughout its formidable length. This unique characteristic does not repeat in any other mountain region. The Andes shape weather and climate in South America. However, proper understanding of atmospheric phenomena influenced by a daunting altitudinal gradient is still behind what is needed to produce detailed and consistent climate projections. Despite significant advances, global models misrepresent key precipitation and circulation processes that are influenced by complex topography. Along with a lack of coordinated observations, the result is limited information to design preparedness measures, particularly to face extreme climate events. Of equal concern is the issue of air quality in densely urbanized countries that face decarbonization challenges and share a legacy of social inequity and political unrest. The complexity of the Andes region magnifies risks within all nations that share their influence. Thus, urgent action is needed to improve climate and air quality assessments with the direct purpose of strengthening policy-making processes.

Resumen Objetivo Adaptacion transcultural al castellano del protocolo de actuacion multidisciplinar de cuidados ofrecidos a pacientes en situacion de ultimos dias Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patient (LCP) Version 11, para su implementacion en un centro de cuidados paliativos. Metodo El presente proyecto fue desarrollado durante los anos 2007-2008, en la Fundacion CUDECA de Malaga, siguiendo los pasos del proceso de acreditacion establecido por The Marie Curie Palliative Care Institute de Liverpool (MCPCIL). Para ello se elaboro un informe previo de necesidades del centro solicitante; se tradujo al espanol siguiendo el protocolo del EORTC Translation Guidance (EORTC Quallity of Live Study Group Translation Procedure. July 1998. EORTC. Brussels). Se testo la adecuacion en el centro de la version del LCP V.11 hospice , con la revision de 40 historias clinicas (HC) de pacientes en situacion de ultimos dias (SUD), fallecidos en el centro (20 de forma retrospectiva, y 20 una vez implementado el protocolo), Resultados Version del LCP V.11 hospice traducida al espanol, y obtencion de la autorizacion para su utilizacion en la Fundacion CUDECA de Malaga, concedida por la Institucion MCPCIL, desde enero 2009 (LCP V.11 for Fundacion Cudeca Hospice). Implementacion del protocolo en la unidad de ingresos del centro. Mejora en 11 de los 18 objetivos que lo constituyen. Consecucion de una tasa de cumplimiento ≥ 95% en 16 objetivos. Conclusiones La adaptacion al castellano del LCP Version 11 proporciona el acceso a una herramienta que facilita una atencion integral de calidad en las ultimas horas/dias de vida de un paciente paliativo.

Las percepciones de los profesionales de la salud ante el final de la vida pueden influir en la comunicación con pacientes y familias. Si bien en cuidados paliativos (CP) la muerte es algo esperable y natural, genera emociones de distinta intensidad y pone en evidencia la propia finitud y/o la de seres amados y pérdidas previas no elaboradas. El Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP) propone un programa de calidad de atención para personas en situación de últimos días (SUD). En Argentina y España se está implementando el LCP (en español) desde las ONG Pallium (programa PAMPA) y Cudeca respectivamente. Nuestro objetivo es explorar las condiciones subjetivas (percepciones) que enfrentan los profesionales de la salud en relación con la atención en el final de la vida, en el contexto previo y posterior a la implementación de una secuencia de cuidado integral LCP/PAMPA en un contexto binacional latino (Argentina-España). Proponemos identificar y describir los significados que los profesionales le asignan a: los cuidados del muriente, la comunicación, el trabajo en equipo, la documentación y las actitudes en SUD. Health professionals’ perceptions on the end of life (EoL) can influence communication with patients and families. Although death is expected in palliative care (PC), emotions of varying intensity are generated. The fears and difficulties encountered in facing this subject will be different according to previous personal experiences. The Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP) proposes a quality programme of care for people at the EoL. Both in Argentina, Pallium and in Spain, Cudeca, are implementing a Spanish version of LCP. Our goal is to explore the subjective conditions (perceptions) faced by health professionals concerning EoL, and the influence before and after the implementation of the LCPin a Latin-American cultural context (Argentina-Spain). We propose to: identify and describe the meanings that professionals assigned to the care of the dying, communication, teamwork, documentation, and attitudes to EoL. Fil: Tripodoro, Vilma. Instituto Pallium Latinoamérica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina Fil: Luxardo, Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Veloso, Verónica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina Fil: Pérez, Marisa. Instituto Pallium Latinoamérica; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología ; Argentina Fil: Martín Roselló, Marisa. Fundación Cudeca; España Fil: de la Ossa Sendra, María J.. Fundación Cudeca; España Fil: Vidal España, Francisca. Fundación Cudeca; España Fil: Hannam, Susan. Fundación Cudeca; España Fil: Cazorla González, Rosa. Fundación Cudeca; España Fil: Rosúa Rodríguez, María. Fundación Cudeca; España Fil: Arranz de la Torre, Alicia. Fundación Cudeca; España Fil: de Simone, Gustavo. Instituto Pallium Latinoamérica; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología ; Argentina