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Research Areas: Infectious Diseases ; Veterinary Sciences Myxomatosis is an emergent disease in the Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis). In this species, the disease is caused by a natural recombinant virus (ha-myxoma virus [MYXV]) identified for the first time in 2018 and has since been responsible for a large number of outbreaks in Spain and Portugal. The ha-MYXV, which harbours a 2.8 Kb insert-disrupting gene M009L, can also infect and cause disease in wild and domestic rabbits, despite being less frequently identified in rabbits. During the laboratory investigations of wild leporids found dead in Portugal carried out within the scope of a Nacional Surveillance Plan (Dispatch 4757/17, MAFDR), co-infection events by classic (MYXV) and naturally recombinant (ha-MYXV) strains were detected in both one Iberian hare and one European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus). These two cases were initially detected by a multiplex qPCR detection of MYXV and ha-MYXV and subsequently confirmed by conventional PCR and sequencing of the M009L gene, which contains an ha-MYXV-specific insertion. To our knowledge, this is the first documented report of co-infection by classic MYXV and ha-MYXV strains either in Iberian hare or in European wild rabbit. It is also the first report of infection of an Iberian hare by a classic MYXV strain. These findings highlight the continuous evolution of the MYXV and the frequent host range changes that justify the nonstop monitoring of the sanitary condition of wild Leporidae populations in the Iberian Peninsula. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Resumen Los enemas de fosfato sodico se usan en el tratamiento del estrenimiento al generar un gradiente osmotico a nivel intraluminal con una minima absorcion sistemica. Sin embargo, su absorcion intestinal puede ser letal en algunos pacientes al generarse una acidosis metabolica grave con hiperfosforemia e hipocalcemia, inestabilidad hemodinamica e hipertension intraabdominal. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 66 anos que comienza con sintomatologia gastrointestinal e inestabilidad hemodinamica muy probablemente secundario a una intoxicacion por enemas de fosfato sodico.

Resumen El angioedema es un tipo de edema de piel y partes blandas generado por vasodilatacion secundaria a un aumento de la permeabilidad vascular que puede asociarse o no a alteraciones del complemento y de los factores de la coagulacion. Una predisposicion genetica, un desencadenante y un mediador (tipicamente, aunque no solamente, histamina o bradicinina) bastan para ocasionar una entidad de potencial gravedad. Recientes avances en investigacion clinica han supuesto la identificacion de nuevas dianas terapeuticas que han permitido, si se administran a tiempo, un tratamiento eficaz de la mayor parte de los cuadros de angioedema. En este trabajo se revisan los ultimos avances en materia de angioedema en el paciente critico.

Objetivo Comparar las características clínicas, los tratamientos y la evolución de los pacientes críticos con neumonía por COVID-19 atendidos en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) tras un año de pandemia. Metodología Estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo, en el que se incluyó pacientes críticos COVID-19 en 9 UCI del noroeste de España. Se compararon las características clínicas, los tratamientos y la evolución de pacientes ingresados en UCI durante los meses de marzo-abril de 2020 (periodo 1) con pacientes ingresados en enero-febrero de 2021 (periodo 2). Resultados Se incluyeron 337 pacientes (98 en el periodo 1 y 239 en el periodo 2). En el periodo 2 menos pacientes requirieron ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) (65% vs 84%, p

Rhipicephalus ticks are competent vectors of several pathogens, such as Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae (SFGR) and many Babesia species. Within this genus, different R. sanguineus s.l. lineages show an unequal vector competence and resistance regarding some pathogenic strains. Current literature supports that tick endosymbionts may play an essential role in the transmission ability of a vector. Indeed, the microbial community of Rhipicephalus seems to be dominated by Coxiella-like endosymbionts (CLE). Still, their co-evolutionary associations with the complicated phylogeny of Rhipicephalus lineages and their transmissible pathogens remain unclear. We performed a phylogenetic congruence analysis to address whether divergent R. sanguineus s.l. lineages had a different symbiont composition. For that, we applied a PCR based approach to screen part of the microbial community present in 279 Rhipicephalus ticks from the Iberian Peninsula and Africa. Our analyses detected several qPCR-positive signals for both SFGR and Babesia species, of which we suggest R. sanguineus-tropical lineage as a natural vector of Babesia vogeli and R. sanguineus-temperate lineage of SFGR. The acquisition of 190 CLE sequences allowed to evaluate co-phylogenetic associations between the tick and the symbiont. With this data, we observed a strong but incomplete co-cladogenesis between CLE strains and their Rhipicephalus tick lineages hosts.

Excessive use of plastics in daily life and the inappropriate disposal of plastic products are severely affecting wildlife species in both coastal and aquatic environments. Birds are top-predators, exposed to all threats affecting their environments, making them ideal sentinel organisms for monitoring ecosystems change. We set a baseline assessment of the prevalence of marine plastic litter affecting multi-species populations of aquatic birds in southern Portugal. By examining 160 stomach contents from 8 species of aquatic birds, we show that 22.5% were affected by plastic debris. Plastic was found in Ciconia ciconia, Larus fuscus and L. michahellis. Ciconia ciconia ingested the highest amount (number of items and total mass) of plastic debris. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, silicones) was the most abundant polymer and was recorded only in C. ciconia. Plastic ingestion baseline data are of crucial importance to evaluate changes through time and among regions and to define management and conservation strategies.

Resumen: La multiculturalidad es un hecho que esta cada vez mas presente en nuestros centros educativos. Paises como Espana han acogido un gran numero de inmigrantes desde la decada de 1990 por lo que el sistema educativo espanol ha tenido que adaptarse para que este colectivo se incorpore, satisfactoriamente, a nuestras aulas. Conseguir la heterogeneidad, es decir, que las diversas culturas convivan de manera conjunta, es un objetivo en los centros educativos. Pero no debemos olvidar una lucha que ya habia comenzado con anterioridad: conseguir la plena igualdad entre hombres y mujeres. Centrandose en la ensenanza de idiomas, este articulo estudia si existen, en el presente, diferencias entre sexos en la nueva aula multicultural y como las tecnologias de la informacion y comunicacion junto con el uso de la taxonomia de Bloom, como herramienta para establecer objetivos de aprendizaje, pueden servir para conseguir los principios basicos de tolerancia, respeto e igualdad en centros educativos. Palabras claves: Multiculturalidad; igualdad; genero; idiomas;TIC; Bloom Abstract: Multiculturalism is increasingly present in our schools and education centers nowadays. Several countries as Spain have welcomed a large number of immigrants since the 1990s, so that the Spanish educational system experienced an adaptation process to facilitate that this group is successfully incorporated into our classrooms. Achieving heterogeneity, that is, the various cultures coexisting together, is currently a main goal in schools. But we don’t have to forget that this struggle already existed: to reach full equality between men and women. By means of language teaching, this article studies if there currently exist a gender bias in the new multicultural classrooms, and how information and communication technologies, in addition with Bloom’s taxonomy use, act as a tool for establishing new learning objectives, and even achieve the basic principles of tolerance, respect and equality in education centers. Keywords: Multiculturalism; equality; gender; language; TIC; Bloom.

In modem society, plastic items have become indispensable. The rapid growth of plastic production has led to an increase in the concentration of plastic waste in the environment and, consequently, wildlife has been severely affected. As wide-ranging foragers and predators, aquatic birds are ideal sentinels for monitoring changes in their environment. Plastic found in stomach contents of stranded aquatic birds collected throughout Portugal was examined. Out of the 288 birds processed, 12.9% ingested plastics. Six of the 16 species assessed showed evidence of plastic ingestion. The Lesser Black-backed Gull (18.7%) had the highest incidence while, among those that did ingest plastics, the Northern Gannet (4.8%) had the lowest. User plastics were the most common type of plastic ingested, while microplastics and off/white-clear were the most common size and colour respectively of plastics found. This study sets a first multispecies baseline for incidence of plastic ingestion by aquatic birds in Portugal. Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT-MEC, Portugal) [UID/Multi/04326/2013, IF/01413/2014] South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI) of the Department of Science and Technology National FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) South African National Research Foundation (NRF)National Research Foundation - South Africa

Trematodes of the genus Philophthalmus Loos, 1899 are the eye parasites of birds and mammals, which use freshwater snails as their first intermediate hosts. Here we examined the presence of philophthalmids in a total of 1515 gulls (589 Larus fuscus and 926 Larus michahellis) admitted between January 2010 and October 2016 for rehabilitation at Olhao (Portugal), by the use of combined morphological and molecular analysis. We recorded the first infected L. fuscus and L. michahellis in July and November 2015, respectively. The philophthalmids were located in the conjunctival sac or under the nictitating membrane. Gulls infected with Philophthalmus lucipetus Rudolphi, 1819 presented no clinical signs, while those infected with Philophthalmus lacrymosus Braun, 1902 presented serious eye damage in the same host species. The prevalence of P. lucipetus reached 3.6% in L. fuscus and 0.8% in L. michahellis; the prevalence of P. lacrymosus reached 0.3% and 0.0%, respectively. The outbreak of P. lucipetus likely started in a narrowly defined area, since the first six cases, found between July and October 2015, originated from a single municipality, and only later more cases started to be retrieved from other municipalities of Portugal. These findings represent the first records of both philophthalmids in the Iberian Peninsula, their first records in L. michahellis and the first record of P. lacrymosus in L. fuscus. Further follow-up of the outbreak and the identification of intermediate hosts are needed.

During 2016, 153 gulls, including 64 Larus fuscus and 89 Larus michahellis, were found crippled in south Portugal. They died in Wildlife Rehabilitation and Investigation Center-RIAS and were necropsied. Reighardia sternae infected 2 (3%, n = 64) L. fuscus and 4 (4%, n = 89) L. michahellis. Molecular analysis confirmed the morphological identification on the basis of total body length, maximum body width, length of anterior and posterior hooks, total length of oral apparatus, and other features of oral apparatus of R. sternae. Both sequenced individuals in this study displayed 100% sequence identity to R. sternae individuals obtained previously from Larus ridibundus in Spain and to Reighardia sp. from Larus belcheri in Peru. Reighardia sternae is reported here for the first time in L. michahellis and for the first time from Portugal.

We describe cases of collyriclosis in apodiform and passeriform birds in Portugal, Switzerland, and Germany. We extend the host range of Collyriculm faba to include apodiform birds ( Apus apus , Apus melba , and Apus pallidus ) and the passerine Sitta europaea (Eurasian Nuthatch). Infections varied in severity from an incidental finding to severe debilitation and death. The infection route remains unclear with the apparent absence from Germany, Portugal, and Switzerland of the first intermediate host of C. faba, the aquatic gastropod Bythinella austriaca, implying that other organisms might be involved in the parasite's life cycle. Furthermore, the detection of C. faba cysts in very young passerine birds may indicate an infection during the nestling stage and a rapid development of parasite-containing subcutaneous cysts. This series of cases highlights an increased geographic range into Portugal and the potential debilitating nature of a parasite of migratory birds in Europe. However, given the rarity of cases, collyriclosis does not seem to present an important threat to migratory species preservation. publishersversion published

Cercopithifilaria bainae and Cercopithifilaria grassii (Spirurida, Onchocercidae) are filarioids inhabiting the skin of dogs worldwide. The microfilariae of a third species namely, Cercopithifilaria sp. II sensu Otranto et al. 2013, have been morphologically and molecularly characterized but scientific knowledge of this parasite is minimal. The first case of infection of a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) with the filarioid Cercopithifilaria sp. II is herein described in Castro Marim, Portugal. Microfilariae from skin sediment of the fox’s ear were morphological characterized, and the identification was confirmed molecularly in samples from skin sediment, skin samples, and from Rhipicephalus sanguineus group ticks collected from the animal (99% homology with Cercopithifilaria sp. II). Studies should evaluate if red foxes might play a role in the maintenance and distribution of Cercopithifilaria sp. II infection in dog populations.

A través de los distintos géneros literarios, escritoras del siglo XIX quisieron dar a conocer una nueva mujer, que rompía con el rol femenino impuesto por una sociedad patriarcal. Susan Glaspell fue una de ellas: dramaturga, actriz, novelista y periodista, su primera obra de teatro, Trifles, es considerada como obra maestra por las primeras feministas cuyo argumento gira en torno a un asesinato y la figura simbólica de la mujer como el pájaro enjaulado Through various literary genres, writers in the 19th century wanted to make known a new woman, who broke with the female role imposed by a patriarchal society. Susan Glaspell was one of them: playwright, actress, novelist and journalist, her first play, Trifles, is seen as masterpiece by early feminists whose plot deal with a murder and the symbolic figure of the woman as the caged bird