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5. Mechanical Ventilator Milano (MVM): A Novel Mechanical Ventilator Designed for Mass Scale Production in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Galbiati, C., Abba, A., Agnes, P., Amaudruz, P., Arba, M., Ardellier-Desages, F., Badia, C., Batignani, G., Bellani, G., Bianchi, G., Bishop, D., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W., Bottino, B., Bouchard, M., Brice, S., Buccino, G., Bussino, S., Caminata, A., Capra, A., Caravati, M., Carlini, M., Carrozzi, L., Cela, J. M., Celano, B., Charette, C., Coelli, S., Constable, M., Cocco, V., Croci, G., Cudmore, S., Molin, A. Dal, D'Auria, S., D'Avenio, G., DeRuiter, J., De Cecco, S., De Lauretis, L., Del Tutto, M., Devoto, A., Dinon, T., Druszkiewicz, E., Fabbri, A., Ferroni, F., Fiorillo, G., Ford, R., Foti, G., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Abia, P. Garcia, Giarratana, L. S., Givoletti, J., Givoletti, Mi., Gorini, G., Gramellini, E., Grosso, G., Guescini, F., Guetre, E., Hadden, T., Hall, J., Heavey, A., Hersak, G., Hessey, N., Ianni, An., Ienzi, C., Ippolito, V., Kendziora, C. L., King, M., Kittmer, A., Kochanek, I., Kruecken, R., La Commara, M., Leblond, G., Li, X., Lim, C., Lindner, T., Lombardi, T., Long, T., Lu, P., Lukhanin, G., Magni, G., Maharaj, R., Malosio, M., Mapelli, C., Maqueo, P., Margetak, P., Mari, S. M., Martin, L., Massacret, N., McDonald, A., Minuzzo, D., Mohayai, T. A., Tosatti, L. Molinari, Moretti, C., Muraro, A., Nati, F., Noble, A. J., Norrick, A., Olchanski, K., Palumbo, I., Paoletti, R., Paoli, N., Pearson, C., Pellegrino, C., Pesudo, V., Pocar, A., Pontesilli, M., Pordes, R., Pordes, S., Prini, A., Putignano, O., Raaf, J. L., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Reed, D., Renshaw, A., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Rode, J., Romualdez, L. J., Santorelli, R., Sablone, D., Scapparone, E., Schaubel, T., Shaw, B., Slutsky, A. S., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Spagnolo, P., Spinella, F., Stenzler, A., Steri, A., Stiaccini, L., Stoughton, C., Stringari, P., Tardocchi, M., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tintori, C., Tonazzo, A., Tseng, J., Viscione, E., Vivaldi, F., Wada, M., Wang, H., Westerdale, S., Yue, S., and Zardoni, A.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

Presented here is the design of the Mechanical Ventilator Milano (MVM), a novel mechanical ventilator designed for rapid mass production in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to address the urgent shortage of intensive therapy ventilators in many countries, and the growing difficulty in procuring these devices through normal supply chains across borders. This ventilator is an electro-mechanical equivalent of the old and reliable Manley Ventilator, and is able to operate in both pressure-controlled and pressure-supported ventilation modes. MVM is optimized for the COVID-19 emergency, thanks to the collaboration with medical doctors in the front line. MVM is designed for large-scale production in a short amount of time and at a limited cost, as it relays on off-the-shelf components, readily available worldwide. Operation of the MVM requires only a source of compressed oxygen (or compressed medical air) and electrical power. Initial tests of a prototype device with a breathing simulator are also presented. Further tests and developments are underway. At this stage the MVM is not yet a certified medical device but certification is in progress.

Published
2020
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12. Brand new norms for a good old test: Northern Italy normative study of MiniMental State Examination

Author

Foderaro, G, Isella, V, Mazzone, A, Biglia, E, Di Gangi, M, Pasotti, F, Sansotera, F, Grobberio, M, Raimondi, V, Mapelli, C, Ferri, F, Impagnatiello, V, Ferrarese, C, Appollonio, I, Foderaro G., Isella V., Mazzone A., Biglia E., Di Gangi M., Pasotti F., Sansotera F., Grobberio M., Raimondi V., Mapelli C., Ferri F., Impagnatiello V., Ferrarese C., Appollonio I, Foderaro, G, Isella, V, Mazzone, A, Biglia, E, Di Gangi, M, Pasotti, F, Sansotera, F, Grobberio, M, Raimondi, V, Mapelli, C, Ferri, F, Impagnatiello, V, Ferrarese, C, Appollonio, I, Foderaro G., Isella V., Mazzone A., Biglia E., Di Gangi M., Pasotti F., Sansotera F., Grobberio M., Raimondi V., Mapelli C., Ferri F., Impagnatiello V., Ferrarese C., and Appollonio I

Abstract

Aim: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is one of the most used tests for the screening of global cognition in patients with neurological and medical disorders. Norms for the Italian version of the test were published in the 90 s; more recent norms were published in 2020 for Southern Italy only. In the present study, we computed novel adjustment coefficients, equivalent scores and cut-off value for Northern Italy (Lombardia and Veneto) and Italian speaking Switzerland. Methods: We recruited 361 healthy young and old (range: 20–95 years) individuals of both sexes (men: 156, women: 205) and from different educational levels (range: 4–22 years). Neuropsychiatric disorders and severe medical conditions were excluded with a questionnaire and cognitive deficits and were ruled out with standardized neuropsychological tests assessing the main cognitive domains. We used a slightly modified version of MMSE: the word ‘fiore’ was replaced with ‘pane’ in verbal recalls to reduce the common interference error ‘casa, cane, gatto’. The effect of socio-demographic features on performance at MMSE was assessed via multiple linear regression, with test raw score as dependent variable and sex, logarithm of 101—age and square root of schooling as predictors. Results: Mean raw MMSE score was 28.8 ± 1.7 (range: 23–30). Multiple linear regression showed a significant effect of all socio-demographic variables and reported a value of R2 = 0.26. The new cut off was ≥ 26 /30. Conclusion: We provide here updated norms for a putatively more accurate version of Italian MMSE, produced in a Northern population but potentially valid all over Italy.

Published
2022

13. Validity of cingulate–precuneus–temporo-parietal hypometabolism for single-subject diagnosis of biomarker-proven atypical variants of Alzheimer’s Disease

Author

Isella, V, Crivellaro, C, Formenti, A, Musarra, M, Pacella, S, Morzenti, S, Ferri, F, Mapelli, C, Gallivanone, F, Guerra, L, Appollonio, I, Ferrarese, C, Isella V., Crivellaro C., Formenti A., Musarra M., Pacella S., Morzenti S., Ferri F., Mapelli C., Gallivanone F., Guerra L., Appollonio I., Ferrarese C., Isella, V, Crivellaro, C, Formenti, A, Musarra, M, Pacella, S, Morzenti, S, Ferri, F, Mapelli, C, Gallivanone, F, Guerra, L, Appollonio, I, Ferrarese, C, Isella V., Crivellaro C., Formenti A., Musarra M., Pacella S., Morzenti S., Ferri F., Mapelli C., Gallivanone F., Guerra L., Appollonio I., and Ferrarese C.

Abstract

The aim of our study was to establish empirically to what extent reduced glucose uptake in the precuneus, posterior cingulate and/or temporo-parietal cortex (PCTP), which is thought to indicate brain amyloidosis in patients with dementia or MCI due to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), permits to distinguish amyloid-positive from amyloid-negative patients with non-classical AD phenotypes at the single-case level. We enrolled 127 neurodegenerative patients with cognitive impairment and a positive (n. 63) or negative (n. 64) amyloid marker (cerebrospinal fluid or amy-PET). Three rating methods of FDG-PET scan were applied: purely qualitative visual interpretation of uptake images (VIUI), and visual reading assisted by a semi-automated and semi-quantitative tool: INLAB, provided by the Italian National Research Council, or Cortex ID Suite, marketed by GE Healthcare. Fourteen scans (11.0%) patients remained unclassified by VIUI or INLAB procedures, therefore, validity values were computed on the remaining 113 cases. The three rating approaches showed good total accuracy (77–78%), good to optimal sensitivity (81–93%), but poorer specificity (62–75%). VIUI showed the highest sensitivity and the lowest specificity, and also the highest proportion of unclassified cases. Cases with asymmetric temporo-parietal hypometabolism and a progressive aphasia or corticobasal clinical profile, in particular, tended to be rated as AD-like, even if biomarkers indicated non-amyloid pathology. Our findings provide formal support to the value of PCTP hypometabolism for single-level diagnosis of amyloid pathophysiology in atypical AD, but also highlight the risk of qualitative assessment to misclassify patients with non-AD PPA or CBS underpinned by asymmetric temporo-parietal hypometabolism.

Published
2022

20. The novel Mechanical Ventilator Milano for the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Abba, A, Accorsi, C, Agnes, P, Alessi, E, Amaudruz, P, Annovi, A, Desages, F, Back, S, Badia, C, Bagger, J, Basile, V, Batignani, G, Bayo, A, Bell, B, Beschi, M, Biagini, D, Bianchi, G, Bicelli, S, Bishop, D, Boccali, T, Bombarda, A, Bonfanti, S, Bonivento, W, Bouchard, M, Breviario, M, Brice, S, Brown, R, Calvo-Mozota, J, Camozzi, L, Camozzi, M, Capra, A, Caravati, M, Carlini, M, Ceccanti, A, Celano, B, Cela Ruiz, J, Charette, C, Cogliati, G, Constable, M, Crippa, C, Croci, G, Cudmore, S, Dahl, C, Dal Molin, A, Daley, M, Di Guardo, C, D'Avenio, G, Davignon, O, Del Tutto, M, De Ruiter, J, Devoto, A, Diaz Gomez Maqueo, P, Di Francesco, F, Dossi, M, Druszkiewicz, E, Duma, C, Elliott, E, Farina, D, Fernandes, C, Ferroni, F, Finocchiaro, G, Fiorillo, G, Ford, R, Foti, G, Fournier, R, Franco, D, Fricbergs, C, Gabriele, F, Galbiati, C, Garcia Abia, P, Gargantini, A, Giacomelli, L, Giacomini, F, Giarratana, L, Gillespie, S, Giorgi, D, Girma, T, Gobui, R, Goeldi, D, Golf, F, Gorel, P, Gorini, G, Gramellini, E, Grosso, G, Guescini, F, Guetre, E, Hackman, G, Hadden, T, Hawkins, W, Hayashi, K, Heavey, A, Hersak, G, Hessey, N, Hockin, G, Hudson, K, Ianni, A, Ienzi, C, Ippolito, V, James, C, Jillings, C, Kendziora, C, Khan, S, Kim, E, King, M, King, S, Kittmer, A, Kochanek, I, Kowalkowski, J, Krucken, R, Kushoro, M, Kuula, S, Laclaustra, M, Leblond, G, Lee, L, Lennarz, A, Leyton, M, Li, X, Liimatainen, P, Lim, C, Lindner, T, Lomonaco, T, Lu, P, Lubna, R, Lukhanin, G, Luzon, G, Macdonald, M, Magni, G, Maharaj, R, Manni, S, Mapelli, C, Margetak, P, Martin, L, Martin, S, Martinez, M, Massacret, N, Mcclurg, P, Mcdonald, A, Meazzi, E, Migalla, R, Mohayai, T, Tosatti, L, Monzani, G, Moretti, C, Morrison, B, Mountaniol, M, Muraro, A, Napoli, P, Nati, F, Natzke, C, Noble, A, Norrick, A, Olchanski, K, Ortiz De Solorzano, A, Padula, F, Pallavicini, M, Palumbo, I, Panontin, E, Papini, N, Parmeggiano, L, Parmeggiano, S, Patel, K, Patel, A, Paterno, M, Pellegrino, C, Pelliccione, P, Pesudo, V, Pocar, A, Pope, A, Pordes, S, Prelz, F, Putignano, O, Raaf, J, Ratti, C, Razeti, M, Razeto, A, Reed, D, Refsgaard, J, Reilly, T, Renshaw, A, Retriere, F, Riccobene, E, Rigamonti, D, Rizzi, A, Rode, J, Romualdez, J, Russel, L, Sablone, D, Sala, S, Salomoni, D, Salvo, P, Sandoval, A, Sansoucy, E, Santorelli, R, Savarese, C, Scapparone, E, Schaubel, T, Scorza, S, Settimo, M, Shaw, B, Shawyer, S, Sher, A, Shi, A, Skensved, P, Slutsky, A, Smith, B, Smith, N, Stenzler, A, Straubel, C, Stringari, P, Suchenek, M, Sur, B, Tacchino, S, Takeuchi, L, Tardocchi, M, Tartaglia, R, Thomas, E, Trask, D, Tseng, J, Tseng, L, Vanpagee, L, Vedia, V, Velghe, B, Viel, S, Visioli, A, Viviani, L, Vonica, D, Wada, M, Walter, D, Wang, H, Wang, M, Westerdale, S, Wood, D, Yates, D, Yue, S, Zambrano, V, Abba A., Accorsi C., Agnes P., Alessi E., Amaudruz P., Annovi A., Desages F. A., Back S., Badia C., Bagger J., Basile V., Batignani G., Bayo A., Bell B., Beschi M., Biagini D., Bianchi G., Bicelli S., Bishop D., Boccali T., Bombarda A., Bonfanti S., Bonivento W. M., Bouchard M., Breviario M., Brice S., Brown R., Calvo-Mozota J. M., Camozzi L., Camozzi M., Capra A., Caravati M., Carlini M., Ceccanti A., Celano B., Cela Ruiz J. M., Charette C., Cogliati G., Constable M., Crippa C., Croci G., Cudmore S., Dahl C. E., Dal Molin A., Daley M., Di Guardo C., D'Avenio G., Davignon O., Del Tutto M., De Ruiter J., Devoto A., Diaz Gomez Maqueo P., Di Francesco F., Dossi M., Druszkiewicz E., Duma C., Elliott E., Farina D., Fernandes C., Ferroni F., Finocchiaro G., Fiorillo G., Ford R., Foti G., Fournier R. D., Franco D., Fricbergs C., Gabriele F., Galbiati C., Garcia Abia P., Gargantini A., Giacomelli L., Giacomini F., Giarratana L. S., Gillespie S., Giorgi D., Girma T., Gobui R., Goeldi D., Golf F., Gorel P., Gorini G., Gramellini E., Grosso G., Guescini F., Guetre E., Hackman G., Hadden T., Hawkins W., Hayashi K., Heavey A., Hersak G., Hessey N., Hockin G., Hudson K., Ianni A., Ienzi C., Ippolito V., James C. C., Jillings C., Kendziora C., Khan S., Kim E., King M., King S., Kittmer A., Kochanek I., Kowalkowski J., Krucken R., Kushoro M., Kuula S., Laclaustra M., Leblond G., Lee L., Lennarz A., Leyton M., Li X., Liimatainen P., Lim C., Lindner T., Lomonaco T., Lu P., Lubna R., Lukhanin G. A., Luzon G., Macdonald M., Magni G., Maharaj R., Manni S., Mapelli C., Margetak P., Martin L., Martin S., Martinez M., Massacret N., McClurg P., McDonald A. B., Meazzi E., Migalla R., Mohayai T., Tosatti L. M., Monzani G., Moretti C., Morrison B., Mountaniol M., Muraro A., Napoli P., Nati F., Natzke C. R., Noble A. J., Norrick A., Olchanski K., Ortiz De Solorzano A., Padula F., Pallavicini M., Palumbo I., Panontin E., Papini N., Parmeggiano L., Parmeggiano S., Patel K., Patel A., Paterno M., Pellegrino C., Pelliccione P., Pesudo V., Pocar A., Pope A., Pordes S., Prelz F., Putignano O., Raaf J. L., Ratti C., Razeti M., Razeto A., Reed D., Refsgaard J., Reilly T., Renshaw A., Retriere F., Riccobene E., Rigamonti D., Rizzi A., Rode J., Romualdez J., Russel L., Sablone D., Sala S., Salomoni D., Salvo P., Sandoval A., Sansoucy E., Santorelli R., Savarese C., Scapparone E., Schaubel T., Scorza S., Settimo M., Shaw B., Shawyer S., Sher A., Shi A., Skensved P., Slutsky A., Smith B., Smith N. J. T., Stenzler A., Straubel C., Stringari P., Suchenek M., Sur B., Tacchino S., Takeuchi L., Tardocchi M., Tartaglia R., Thomas E., Trask D., Tseng J., Tseng L., Vanpagee L., Vedia V., Velghe B., Viel S., Visioli A., Viviani L., Vonica D., Wada M., Walter D., Wang H., Wang M. H. L. S., Westerdale S., Wood D., Yates D., Yue S., Zambrano V., Abba, A, Accorsi, C, Agnes, P, Alessi, E, Amaudruz, P, Annovi, A, Desages, F, Back, S, Badia, C, Bagger, J, Basile, V, Batignani, G, Bayo, A, Bell, B, Beschi, M, Biagini, D, Bianchi, G, Bicelli, S, Bishop, D, Boccali, T, Bombarda, A, Bonfanti, S, Bonivento, W, Bouchard, M, Breviario, M, Brice, S, Brown, R, Calvo-Mozota, J, Camozzi, L, Camozzi, M, Capra, A, Caravati, M, Carlini, M, Ceccanti, A, Celano, B, Cela Ruiz, J, Charette, C, Cogliati, G, Constable, M, Crippa, C, Croci, G, Cudmore, S, Dahl, C, Dal Molin, A, Daley, M, Di Guardo, C, D'Avenio, G, Davignon, O, Del Tutto, M, De Ruiter, J, Devoto, A, Diaz Gomez Maqueo, P, Di Francesco, F, Dossi, M, Druszkiewicz, E, Duma, C, Elliott, E, Farina, D, Fernandes, C, Ferroni, F, Finocchiaro, G, Fiorillo, G, Ford, R, Foti, G, Fournier, R, Franco, D, Fricbergs, C, Gabriele, F, Galbiati, C, Garcia Abia, P, Gargantini, A, Giacomelli, L, Giacomini, F, Giarratana, L, Gillespie, S, Giorgi, D, Girma, T, Gobui, R, Goeldi, D, Golf, F, Gorel, P, Gorini, G, Gramellini, E, Grosso, G, Guescini, F, Guetre, E, Hackman, G, Hadden, T, Hawkins, W, Hayashi, K, Heavey, A, Hersak, G, Hessey, N, Hockin, G, Hudson, K, Ianni, A, Ienzi, C, Ippolito, V, James, C, Jillings, C, Kendziora, C, Khan, S, Kim, E, King, M, King, S, Kittmer, A, Kochanek, I, Kowalkowski, J, Krucken, R, Kushoro, M, Kuula, S, Laclaustra, M, Leblond, G, Lee, L, Lennarz, A, Leyton, M, Li, X, Liimatainen, P, Lim, C, Lindner, T, Lomonaco, T, Lu, P, Lubna, R, Lukhanin, G, Luzon, G, Macdonald, M, Magni, G, Maharaj, R, Manni, S, Mapelli, C, Margetak, P, Martin, L, Martin, S, Martinez, M, Massacret, N, Mcclurg, P, Mcdonald, A, Meazzi, E, Migalla, R, Mohayai, T, Tosatti, L, Monzani, G, Moretti, C, Morrison, B, Mountaniol, M, Muraro, A, Napoli, P, Nati, F, Natzke, C, Noble, A, Norrick, A, Olchanski, K, Ortiz De Solorzano, A, Padula, F, Pallavicini, M, Palumbo, I, Panontin, E, Papini, N, Parmeggiano, L, Parmeggiano, S, Patel, K, Patel, A, Paterno, M, Pellegrino, C, Pelliccione, P, Pesudo, V, Pocar, A, Pope, A, Pordes, S, Prelz, F, Putignano, O, Raaf, J, Ratti, C, Razeti, M, Razeto, A, Reed, D, Refsgaard, J, Reilly, T, Renshaw, A, Retriere, F, Riccobene, E, Rigamonti, D, Rizzi, A, Rode, J, Romualdez, J, Russel, L, Sablone, D, Sala, S, Salomoni, D, Salvo, P, Sandoval, A, Sansoucy, E, Santorelli, R, Savarese, C, Scapparone, E, Schaubel, T, Scorza, S, Settimo, M, Shaw, B, Shawyer, S, Sher, A, Shi, A, Skensved, P, Slutsky, A, Smith, B, Smith, N, Stenzler, A, Straubel, C, Stringari, P, Suchenek, M, Sur, B, Tacchino, S, Takeuchi, L, Tardocchi, M, Tartaglia, R, Thomas, E, Trask, D, Tseng, J, Tseng, L, Vanpagee, L, Vedia, V, Velghe, B, Viel, S, Visioli, A, Viviani, L, Vonica, D, Wada, M, Walter, D, Wang, H, Wang, M, Westerdale, S, Wood, D, Yates, D, Yue, S, Zambrano, V, Abba A., Accorsi C., Agnes P., Alessi E., Amaudruz P., Annovi A., Desages F. A., Back S., Badia C., Bagger J., Basile V., Batignani G., Bayo A., Bell B., Beschi M., Biagini D., Bianchi G., Bicelli S., Bishop D., Boccali T., Bombarda A., Bonfanti S., Bonivento W. M., Bouchard M., Breviario M., Brice S., Brown R., Calvo-Mozota J. M., Camozzi L., Camozzi M., Capra A., Caravati M., Carlini M., Ceccanti A., Celano B., Cela Ruiz J. M., Charette C., Cogliati G., Constable M., Crippa C., Croci G., Cudmore S., Dahl C. E., Dal Molin A., Daley M., Di Guardo C., D'Avenio G., Davignon O., Del Tutto M., De Ruiter J., Devoto A., Diaz Gomez Maqueo P., Di Francesco F., Dossi M., Druszkiewicz E., Duma C., Elliott E., Farina D., Fernandes C., Ferroni F., Finocchiaro G., Fiorillo G., Ford R., Foti G., Fournier R. D., Franco D., Fricbergs C., Gabriele F., Galbiati C., Garcia Abia P., Gargantini A., Giacomelli L., Giacomini F., Giarratana L. S., Gillespie S., Giorgi D., Girma T., Gobui R., Goeldi D., Golf F., Gorel P., Gorini G., Gramellini E., Grosso G., Guescini F., Guetre E., Hackman G., Hadden T., Hawkins W., Hayashi K., Heavey A., Hersak G., Hessey N., Hockin G., Hudson K., Ianni A., Ienzi C., Ippolito V., James C. C., Jillings C., Kendziora C., Khan S., Kim E., King M., King S., Kittmer A., Kochanek I., Kowalkowski J., Krucken R., Kushoro M., Kuula S., Laclaustra M., Leblond G., Lee L., Lennarz A., Leyton M., Li X., Liimatainen P., Lim C., Lindner T., Lomonaco T., Lu P., Lubna R., Lukhanin G. A., Luzon G., Macdonald M., Magni G., Maharaj R., Manni S., Mapelli C., Margetak P., Martin L., Martin S., Martinez M., Massacret N., McClurg P., McDonald A. B., Meazzi E., Migalla R., Mohayai T., Tosatti L. M., Monzani G., Moretti C., Morrison B., Mountaniol M., Muraro A., Napoli P., Nati F., Natzke C. R., Noble A. J., Norrick A., Olchanski K., Ortiz De Solorzano A., Padula F., Pallavicini M., Palumbo I., Panontin E., Papini N., Parmeggiano L., Parmeggiano S., Patel K., Patel A., Paterno M., Pellegrino C., Pelliccione P., Pesudo V., Pocar A., Pope A., Pordes S., Prelz F., Putignano O., Raaf J. L., Ratti C., Razeti M., Razeto A., Reed D., Refsgaard J., Reilly T., Renshaw A., Retriere F., Riccobene E., Rigamonti D., Rizzi A., Rode J., Romualdez J., Russel L., Sablone D., Sala S., Salomoni D., Salvo P., Sandoval A., Sansoucy E., Santorelli R., Savarese C., Scapparone E., Schaubel T., Scorza S., Settimo M., Shaw B., Shawyer S., Sher A., Shi A., Skensved P., Slutsky A., Smith B., Smith N. J. T., Stenzler A., Straubel C., Stringari P., Suchenek M., Sur B., Tacchino S., Takeuchi L., Tardocchi M., Tartaglia R., Thomas E., Trask D., Tseng J., Tseng L., Vanpagee L., Vedia V., Velghe B., Viel S., Visioli A., Viviani L., Vonica D., Wada M., Walter D., Wang H., Wang M. H. L. S., Westerdale S., Wood D., Yates D., Yue S., and Zambrano V.

Abstract

This paper presents the Mechanical Ventilator Milano (MVM), a novel intensive therapy mechanical ventilator designed for rapid, large-scale, low-cost production for the COVID-19 pandemic. Free of moving mechanical parts and requiring only a source of compressed oxygen and medical air to operate, the MVM is designed to support the long-term invasive ventilation often required for COVID-19 patients and operates in pressure-regulated ventilation modes, which minimize the risk of furthering lung trauma. The MVM was extensively tested against ISO standards in the laboratory using a breathing simulator, with good agreement between input and measured breathing parameters and performing correctly in response to fault conditions and stability tests. The MVM has obtained Emergency Use Authorization by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic and Health Canada Medical Device Authorization for Importation or Sale, under Interim Order for Use in Relation to COVID-19. Following these certifications, mass production is ongoing and distribution is under way in several countries. The MVM was designed, tested, prepared for certification, and mass produced in the space of a few months by a unique collaboration of respiratory healthcare professionals and experimental physicists, working with industrial partners, and is an excellent ventilator candidate for this pandemic anywhere in the world.

Published
2021

22. Learning From Mistakes: Cognitive and Metabolic Correlates of Errors on Picture Naming in the Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum

Author

Isella, V, Rosazza, C, Ferri, F, Gazzotti, M, Impagnatiello, V, Mapelli, C, Morzenti, S, Crivellaro, C, Appollonio, I, Ferrarese, C, Isella, Valeria, Rosazza, Cristina, Ferri, Francesca, Gazzotti, Maria, Impagnatiello, Valentina, Mapelli, Cristina, Morzenti, Sabrina, Crivellaro, Cinzia, Appollonio, Ildebrando, Ferrarese, Carlo, Isella, V, Rosazza, C, Ferri, F, Gazzotti, M, Impagnatiello, V, Mapelli, C, Morzenti, S, Crivellaro, C, Appollonio, I, Ferrarese, C, Isella, Valeria, Rosazza, Cristina, Ferri, Francesca, Gazzotti, Maria, Impagnatiello, Valentina, Mapelli, Cristina, Morzenti, Sabrina, Crivellaro, Cinzia, Appollonio, Ildebrando, and Ferrarese, Carlo

Abstract

Background: Analysis of subtypes of picture naming errors produced by patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have seldom been investigated yet may clarify the cognitive and neural underpinnings of naming in the AD spectrum. Objective: To elucidate the neurocognitive bases of picture naming in AD through a qualitative analysis of errors. Methods: Over 1000 naming errors produced by 70 patients with amnestic, visuospatial, linguistic, or frontal AD were correlated with general cognitive tests and with distribution of hypometabolism on FDG-PET. Results: Principal component analysis identified 1) a Visual processing factor clustering visuospatial tests and unrecognized stimuli, pure visual errors and visual-semantic errors, associated with right parieto-occipital hypometabolism; 2) a Concept-Lemma factor grouping language tests and anomias, circumlocutions, superordinates, and coordinates, correlated with left basal temporal hypometabolism; 3) a Lemma-Phonology factor including the digit span and phonological errors, linked with left temporo-parietal hypometabolism. Regression of brain metabolism on individual errors showed that errors due to impairment of basic and higher-order processing of object visual attributes or of their interaction with semantics, were related with bilateral occipital and left occipito-temporal dysfunction. Omissions and superordinates were linked to degradation of broad and basic concepts in the left basal temporal cortex. Semantic-lexical errors derived from faulty semantically- and phonologically-driven lexical retrieval in the left superior and middle temporal gyri. Generation of nonwords was underpinned by of phonological impairment within the left inferior parietal cortex. Conclusion: Analysis of individual naming errors allowed to outline a comprehensive anatomo-functional model of picture naming in classical and atypical AD.

Published
2022

23. Suitability of self-reducing and slag-forming briquettes for electric arc furnace use based on laboratory tests

Author

Abdelrahim, A. (Ahmed), Aula, M. (Matti), Iljana, M. (Mikko), Willms, T. (Thomas), Echterhof, T. (Thomas), Steinlechner, S. (Stefan), Mombelli, D. (Davide), Mapelli, C. (Carlo), Omran, M. (Mamdouh), Preiss, S. (Stefan), Fabritius, T. (Timo), Abdelrahim, A. (Ahmed), Aula, M. (Matti), Iljana, M. (Mikko), Willms, T. (Thomas), Echterhof, T. (Thomas), Steinlechner, S. (Stefan), Mombelli, D. (Davide), Mapelli, C. (Carlo), Omran, M. (Mamdouh), Preiss, S. (Stefan), and Fabritius, T. (Timo)

Abstract

The in-plant recycling routes of side streams produced in electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking remain underexplored. Briquetting is an attractive technique to enable their recycle. Briquettes introduced into EAF must possess certain mechanical and chemical properties. However, no standard is available to determine the suitability of briquettes used in the EAF process. Herein, eight side streams are characterized, and used to produce seven different briquettes to be used in EAF. Briquettes tested consist of four self-reducing briquettes and three slag-forming briquettes produced using different recipes. The briquettes are subjected to several mechanical and thermal tests which reflect their intended use in EAF. The mechanical tests include compression and drop tests, and the thermal tests include optical dilatometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)–derivative thermogravimetry (DTG)–mass spectrometry (MS), and full-scale briquette reduction tests. Moreover, melting trials are performed to assess the melting behavior of selected briquettes and their interaction with slag. Suitability of briquettes characteristics is assessed based on values from the literature and against reference ferroalloys and lime stones used in one of the steel plants. Two briquettes are deemed suitable for EAF use, while three briquettes are deemed unsuitable, and two briquettes are considered of limited use.

Published
2022

24. Clinical and metabolic imaging features of late-onset and early-onset Posterior Cortical Atrophy

Author

Isella, V, Licciardo, D, Nastasi, G, Impagnatiello, V, Ferri, F, Mapelli, C, Crivellaro, C, Musarra, M, Morzenti, S, Appollonio, I, Ferrarese, C, Isella, V, Licciardo, D, Nastasi, G, Impagnatiello, V, Ferri, F, Mapelli, C, Crivellaro, C, Musarra, M, Morzenti, S, Appollonio, I, and Ferrarese, C

Abstract

Background and purpose: Late-onset (LO) and early-onset (EO) dementia show neurobiological and clinical differences. Clinical and 18fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) features of LO and EO posterior cortical atrophy (LO_PCA, EO_PCA), the visual variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD), were compared. LO_PCA patients were also compared with a group of patients with LO typical AD (tAD). Methods: Thirty-seven LO_PCA patients (onset age ≥ 65 years), 29 EO_PCA patients and 40 tAD patients who all underwent a standard neuropsychological battery were recruited; PCA patients were also assessed for the presence of posterior signs and symptoms. Brain FDG-PET was available in 32 LO_PCA cases, 23 EO_PCA cases and all tAD cases, and their scans were compared with scans from 30 healthy elderly controls. Within the entire PCA sample FDG uptake was also correlated with age at onset as a continuous variable. Results: The main difference between the two PCA groups was a higher prevalence of Bálint–Holmes symptoms in EO cases, which was associated with the presence of severe bilateral occipito-temporo-parietal hypometabolism, whilst LO_PCA patients showed reduction of FDG uptake mainly in the right posterior regions. The latter group also showed mesial temporal hypometabolism, similarly to the tAD group, although with a right rather than left lateralization. Correlation analysis confirmed the association between older age and decreased limbic metabolism and between younger age and decreased left parietal metabolism. Conclusions: The major involvement of the temporal cortex in LO cases and of the parietal cortex in EO cases reported previously within the AD spectrum holds true also for the visual variant of AD.

Published
2022

25. Development and implementation of the AIDA International Registry for patients with non-infectious uveitis

Author

Della Casa, F, Vitale, A, Guerriero, S, Sota, J, Cimaz, R, Ragab, G, Ruscitti, P, Pereira, Rmr, Minoia, F, Del Giudice, E, Emmi, G, Lomater, C, Monti, S, Canofari, C, Gaggiano, C, Alessio, G, Miserocchi, E, Conforti, A, Dagostin, Ma, Mapelli, C, Paroli, Mp, Parretti, V, Albano, V, Favale, R, Marelli, L, Hegazy, Mt, Cipriani, P, Antonelli, Ipb, Caggiano, V, Aragona, E, Laymouna, Ah, Tosi, Gm, Tarsia, M, Cattalini, M, La Torre, F, Lopalco, G, Więsik-Szewczyk, E, Frassi, M, Gentileschi, S, Giordano, Hf, Frediani, B, Shinjo, Sk, Rigante, Donato, Sfikakis, Pp, Balistreri, A, Hussein, Ma, Amin, Rh, Cantarini, L, Fabiani, C, Rigante D (ORCID:0000-0001-7032-7779), Della Casa, F, Vitale, A, Guerriero, S, Sota, J, Cimaz, R, Ragab, G, Ruscitti, P, Pereira, Rmr, Minoia, F, Del Giudice, E, Emmi, G, Lomater, C, Monti, S, Canofari, C, Gaggiano, C, Alessio, G, Miserocchi, E, Conforti, A, Dagostin, Ma, Mapelli, C, Paroli, Mp, Parretti, V, Albano, V, Favale, R, Marelli, L, Hegazy, Mt, Cipriani, P, Antonelli, Ipb, Caggiano, V, Aragona, E, Laymouna, Ah, Tosi, Gm, Tarsia, M, Cattalini, M, La Torre, F, Lopalco, G, Więsik-Szewczyk, E, Frassi, M, Gentileschi, S, Giordano, Hf, Frediani, B, Shinjo, Sk, Rigante, Donato, Sfikakis, Pp, Balistreri, A, Hussein, Ma, Amin, Rh, Cantarini, L, Fabiani, C, and Rigante D (ORCID:0000-0001-7032-7779)

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this paper is to point out the design, development and deployment of the AutoInflammatory Disease Alliance(AIDA) International Registry for paediatric and adult patients with non-infectious uveitis(NIU). Methods: This is a physician-driven, population- and electronic-based registry implemented for both retrospective and prospective collection of real-world demographics, clinical, laboratory, instrumental and socioeconomic data of patients with uveitis and other non-infectious inflammatory ocular diseases recruited through the AIDA Network. Data recruitment, based on the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) tool, is thought to collect standardised information for real-life research and has been developed to change over time according to future scientific acquisitions and potentially communicate with other similar instruments. Security, data quality and data governance are cornerstones of this platform. Results: Ninety-five centres have been involved from 19 countries and four continents from 24 March to 16 November 2021. Forty-eight out of 95 have already obtained the approval from their local ethics committees. At present, the platform counts 259 users (95 principal investigators, 160 site investigators, 2 lead investigators, and 2 data managers). The AIDA Registry collects baseline and follow-up data using 3943 fields organised into 13 instruments, including patient’s demographics, history, symptoms,trigger/risk factors, therapies and health care utilization for patients with NIU. Conclusions: The development of the AIDA Registry for patients with NIU will facilitate the collection of standardised data leading to real-world evidence and enabling international multicentre collaborative research through inclusion of patients and their families worldwide.

Published
2022

34. Effects of Orthographic Consistency on Bilingual Reading: Human and Computer Simulation Data

Author

Paulesu, E, Bonandrini, R, Zapparoli, L, Rupani, C, Mapelli, C, Tassini, F, Schenone, P, Bottini, G, Perry, C, Zorzi, M, Paulesu, Eraldo, Bonandrini, Rolando, Zapparoli, Laura, Rupani, Cristina, Mapelli, Cristina, Tassini, Fulvia, Schenone, Pietro, Bottini, Gabriella, Perry, Conrad, Zorzi, Marco, Paulesu, E, Bonandrini, R, Zapparoli, L, Rupani, C, Mapelli, C, Tassini, F, Schenone, P, Bottini, G, Perry, C, Zorzi, M, Paulesu, Eraldo, Bonandrini, Rolando, Zapparoli, Laura, Rupani, Cristina, Mapelli, Cristina, Tassini, Fulvia, Schenone, Pietro, Bottini, Gabriella, Perry, Conrad, and Zorzi, Marco

Abstract

English serves as today's lingua franca, a role not eased by the inconsistency of its orthography. Indeed, monolingual readers of more consistent orthographies such as Italian or German learn to read more quickly than monolingual English readers. Here, we assessed whether long-lasting bilingualism would mitigate orthography-specific differences in reading speed and whether the order in which orthographies with a different regularity are learned matters. We studied high-proficiency Italian-English and English-Italian bilinguals, with at least 20 years of intensive daily exposure to the second language and its orthography and we simulated sequential learning of the two orthographies with the CDP++ connectionist model of reading. We found that group differences in reading speed were comparatively bigger with Italian stimuli than with English stimuli. Furthermore, only Italian bilinguals took advantage of a blocked presentation of Italian stimuli compared to when stimuli from both languages were presented in mixed order, suggesting a greater ability to keep language-specific orthographic representations segregated. These findings demonstrate orthographic constraints on bilingual reading, whereby the level of consistency of the first learned orthography affects later learning and performance on a second orthography. The computer simulations were consistent with these conclusions.

Published
2021

36. The novel Mechanical Ventilator Milano for the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Abba, A., primary, Accorsi, C., additional, Agnes, P., additional, Alessi, E., additional, Amaudruz, P., additional, Annovi, A., additional, Desages, F. Ardellier, additional, Back, S., additional, Badia, C., additional, Bagger, J., additional, Basile, V., additional, Batignani, G., additional, Bayo, A., additional, Bell, B., additional, Beschi, M., additional, Biagini, D., additional, Bianchi, G., additional, Bicelli, S., additional, Bishop, D., additional, Boccali, T., additional, Bombarda, A., additional, Bonfanti, S., additional, Bonivento, W. M., additional, Bouchard, M., additional, Breviario, M., additional, Brice, S., additional, Brown, R., additional, Calvo-Mozota, J. M., additional, Camozzi, L., additional, Camozzi, M., additional, Capra, A., additional, Caravati, M., additional, Carlini, M., additional, Ceccanti, A., additional, Celano, B., additional, Cela Ruiz, J. M., additional, Charette, C., additional, Cogliati, G., additional, Constable, M., additional, Crippa, C., additional, Croci, G., additional, Cudmore, S., additional, Dahl, C. E., additional, Dal Molin, A., additional, Daley, M., additional, Di Guardo, C., additional, D'Avenio, G., additional, Davignon, O., additional, Del Tutto, M., additional, De Ruiter, J., additional, Devoto, A., additional, Diaz Gomez Maqueo, P., additional, Di Francesco, F., additional, Dossi, M., additional, Druszkiewicz, E., additional, Duma, C., additional, Elliott, E., additional, Farina, D., additional, Fernandes, C., additional, Ferroni, F., additional, Finocchiaro, G., additional, Fiorillo, G., additional, Ford, R., additional, Foti, G., additional, Fournier, R. D., additional, Franco, D., additional, Fricbergs, C., additional, Gabriele, F., additional, Galbiati, C., additional, Garcia Abia, P., additional, Gargantini, A., additional, Giacomelli, L., additional, Giacomini, F., additional, Giarratana, L. S., additional, Gillespie, S., additional, Giorgi, D., additional, Girma, T., additional, Gobui, R., additional, Goeldi, D., additional, Golf, F., additional, Gorel, P., additional, Gorini, G., additional, Gramellini, E., additional, Grosso, G., additional, Guescini, F., additional, Guetre, E., additional, Hackman, G., additional, Hadden, T., additional, Hawkins, W., additional, Hayashi, K., additional, Heavey, A., additional, Hersak, G., additional, Hessey, N., additional, Hockin, G., additional, Hudson, K., additional, Ianni, A., additional, Ienzi, C., additional, Ippolito, V., additional, James, C. C., additional, Jillings, C., additional, Kendziora, C., additional, Khan, S., additional, Kim, E., additional, King, M., additional, King, S., additional, Kittmer, A., additional, Kochanek, I., additional, Kowalkowski, J., additional, Krücken, R., additional, Kushoro, M., additional, Kuula, S., additional, Laclaustra, M., additional, Leblond, G., additional, Lee, L., additional, Lennarz, A., additional, Leyton, M., additional, Li, X., additional, Liimatainen, P., additional, Lim, C., additional, Lindner, T., additional, Lomonaco, T., additional, Lu, P., additional, Lubna, R., additional, Lukhanin, G. A., additional, Luzón, G., additional, MacDonald, M., additional, Magni, G., additional, Maharaj, R., additional, Manni, S., additional, Mapelli, C., additional, Margetak, P., additional, Martin, L., additional, Martin, S., additional, Martínez, M., additional, Massacret, N., additional, McClurg, P., additional, McDonald, A. B., additional, Meazzi, E., additional, Migalla, R., additional, Mohayai, T., additional, Tosatti, L. M., additional, Monzani, G., additional, Moretti, C., additional, Morrison, B., additional, Mountaniol, M., additional, Muraro, A., additional, Napoli, P., additional, Nati, F., additional, Natzke, C. R., additional, Noble, A. J., additional, Norrick, A., additional, Olchanski, K., additional, Ortiz de Solorzano, A., additional, Padula, F., additional, Pallavicini, M., additional, Palumbo, I., additional, Panontin, E., additional, Papini, N., additional, Parmeggiano, L., additional, Parmeggiano, S., additional, Patel, K., additional, Patel, A., additional, Paterno, M., additional, Pellegrino, C., additional, Pelliccione, P., additional, Pesudo, V., additional, Pocar, A., additional, Pope, A., additional, Pordes, S., additional, Prelz, F., additional, Putignano, O., additional, Raaf, J. L., additional, Ratti, C., additional, Razeti, M., additional, Razeto, A., additional, Reed, D., additional, Refsgaard, J., additional, Reilly, T., additional, Renshaw, A., additional, Retriere, F., additional, Riccobene, E., additional, Rigamonti, D., additional, Rizzi, A., additional, Rode, J., additional, Romualdez, J., additional, Russel, L., additional, Sablone, D., additional, Sala, S., additional, Salomoni, D., additional, Salvo, P., additional, Sandoval, A., additional, Sansoucy, E., additional, Santorelli, R., additional, Savarese, C., additional, Scapparone, E., additional, Schaubel, T., additional, Scorza, S., additional, Settimo, M., additional, Shaw, B., additional, Shawyer, S., additional, Sher, A., additional, Shi, A., additional, Skensved, P., additional, Slutsky, A., additional, Smith, B., additional, Smith, N. J. T., additional, Stenzler, A., additional, Straubel, C., additional, Stringari, P., additional, Suchenek, M., additional, Sur, B., additional, Tacchino, S., additional, Takeuchi, L., additional, Tardocchi, M., additional, Tartaglia, R., additional, Thomas, E., additional, Trask, D., additional, Tseng, J., additional, Tseng, L., additional, VanPagee, L., additional, Vedia, V., additional, Velghe, B., additional, Viel, S., additional, Visioli, A., additional, Viviani, L., additional, Vonica, D., additional, Wada, M., additional, Walter, D., additional, Wang, H., additional, Wang, M. H. L. S., additional, Westerdale, S., additional, Wood, D., additional, Yates, D., additional, Yue, S., additional, and Zambrano, V., additional

Published
2021
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37. Investigation on the chemical and thermal behavior of recycling agglomerates from EAF by-products

Author

Willms, T. (Thomas), Echterhof, T. (Thomas), Steinlechner, S. (Stefan), Aula, M. (Matti), Abdelrahim, A. (Ahmed), Fabritius, T. (Timo), Mombelli, D. (Davide), Mapelli, C. (Carlo), Preiss, S. (Stefan), Willms, T. (Thomas), Echterhof, T. (Thomas), Steinlechner, S. (Stefan), Aula, M. (Matti), Abdelrahim, A. (Ahmed), Fabritius, T. (Timo), Mombelli, D. (Davide), Mapelli, C. (Carlo), and Preiss, S. (Stefan)

Abstract

In addition to the blast furnace converter route, electric steel production in the electric arc furnace (EAF) is one of the two main production routes for crude steel. In 2019, the global share of crude steel produced via the electric steel route was 28%, which in numbers is 517 million metric tons of crude steel. The production and processing of steel leads to the output of a variety of by-products, such as dusts, fines, sludges and scales. At the moment, 10–67% of these by-products are landfilled and not recycled. These by-products contain metal oxides and minerals including iron oxide, zinc oxide, magnesia or alumina. Apart from the wasted valuable materials, the restriction of landfill space and stricter environmental laws are additional motivations to avoid landfill. The aim of the Fines2EAF project, funded by the European Research Fund for Coal and Steel, is to develop a low-cost and flexible solution for the recycling of fines, dusts, slags and scales from electric steel production. During this project, an easy, on-site solution for the agglomeration of fine by-products from steel production has to be developed from lab scale to pilot production for industrial tests in steel plants. The solution is based on the stamp press as the central element of the agglomeration process. The stamp press provides the benefit of being easily adapted to different raw materials and different pressing parameters, such as pressing-force and -speed, or mold geometry. Further benefits are that the stamp press process requires less binding material than the pelletizing process, and that no drying process is required as is the case with the pelletizing process. Before advancing the agglomeration of by-products via stamp press to an industrial scale, different material recipes are produced in lab-scale experiments and the finished agglomerates are tested for their use as secondary raw materials in the EAF. Therefore, the tests focus on the chemical and thermal behavior of t

Published
2020

40. Fabrication of agglomerates from secondary raw materials reinforced with paper fibres by stamp pressing process

Author

Echterhof, T. (Thomas), Willms, T. (Thomas), Preiss, S. (Stefan), Aula, M. (Matti), Abdelrahim, A. (Ahmed), Fabritius, T. (Timo), Mombelli, D. (Davide), Mapelli, C. (Carlo), Steinlechner, S. (Stefan), Unamuno, I. (Iñigo), Echterhof, T. (Thomas), Willms, T. (Thomas), Preiss, S. (Stefan), Aula, M. (Matti), Abdelrahim, A. (Ahmed), Fabritius, T. (Timo), Mombelli, D. (Davide), Mapelli, C. (Carlo), Steinlechner, S. (Stefan), and Unamuno, I. (Iñigo)

Abstract

The use of secondary raw materials in metallurgical processes such as steelmaking is an important contribution to the circular economy aspired to by EU members and many other countries. The agglomeration of dusts, fines and sludges is an important pretreatment step to enable the use of these materials in subsequent melting processes, such as steelmaking in electric arc furnaces (EAFs). It also reduces the amount of by-products and waste materials that are currently waste for disposal and are landfilled. The presented research is part of the Fines2EAF project, which aims to increase the value of steelmaking residues by internal recycling and use or reuse in the form of agglomerates. The approach followed in this project is the use of a hydraulic stamp press and alternative binder systems to produce cement-free agglomerates. The first results of lab-scale agglomeration tests of six different recipes with varying pressing forces are presented in this paper. It is shown that the addition of fibres from paper recycling has a strong effect on the cold compression stability of the agglomerates, by far exceeding other effects such as increased pressing force. Overall, the agglomerates produced in the lab show promising characteristics, for example, cold compression stability and abrasion resistance, which should allow for use in EAF steelmaking.

Published
2019

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