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To determine the distribution of two important virulence factors [lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and capsular polysaccharide (CPS)] inWhole-genome sequencing was carried out for 494Nine novel and 29 previously confirmed LOS classes were identified. LOS classes A, B, and C were the most common (48.2%, 238/494) among the 494 strains. Twenty-six capsular types were identified in 448 strains. HS2, HS4c, HS5/31, HS19, and HS8/17 were the most frequent CPS genotypes (58.7%, 263/448). Strains of 17 CPS genotypes (strain number5) had one or two prevalent LOS classes (Our results describe the genetic characteristics of the important virulence factors in

To compare the pathogenicity of isolates of sequence type 7 (ST-7)Four ST-7Among the four ST-7The differences in the capsular structure of the four isolates of ST-7

OBJECTIVE: To investigate genetic and antibiotic resistance characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) isolated from Shenzhen. METHODS: Multilocs sequence typing and agar dilution methods were used to define the genotype and antibiotic resistance of C. jejuni, respectively. RESULTS: In total, 126 C. jejuni strains were isolated. The prevalence of C. jejuni was 5.3% in diarrheal patients. The prevalence in poultry meat (36.5%) was higher than that in cattle meat (1.1%). However, the prevalence in poultry cloacal swabs (27.0%) was lower than that in cattle stool (57.3%). Sixty-two sequence types were obtained, among which 27 of the STs and 10 alleles were previously unreported. The most frequently observed clonal complexes were ST-21 (11.9%), ST-22 (10.3%), and ST-403 (7.1%). ST-21, ST-45, ST-354, ST-403, and ST-443 complexes overlapped between isolates from patients and cattle, whereas ST-45 and ST-574 complexes overlapped between isolates from patients and poultry. All C. jejuni were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The highest resistance rate was toward ciprofloxacin (89.7%), followed by tetracycline (74.6%), and nalidixic acid (69.0%). CONCLUSION: This is the first report of the genotypes and antibiotic resistance of C. jejuni in Shenzhen. Overlapping clonal complexes were found between isolates from patients and cattle, and between patients and poultry.

AIM To evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supernatant (LGG-s) on the expression of serotonin transporter (SERT) in rats with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). METHODS Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 (1010 CFU/mL) was used to induce intestinal infection to develop a PI-IBS model. After evaluation of the post-infectious phase by biochemical tests, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) test, and the intestinal motility test, four PI-IBS groups received different concentrations of LGG-s for 4 wk. The treatments were maintained for 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 or 4.0 wk during the experiment, and the colons and brains were removed for later use each week. SERT mRNA and protein levels were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS The levels of SERT mRNA and protein in intestinal tissue were higher in rats treated with LGG-s than in control rats and PI-IBS rats gavaged with PBS during the whole study. Undiluted LGG-s up-regulated SERT mRNA level by 2.67 times compared with the control group by week 2, and SERT mRNA expression kept increasing later. Double-diluted LGG-s was similar to undiluted-LGG-s, resulting in high levels of SERT mRNA. Triple-diluted LGG-s up-regulated SERT mRNA expression level by 6.9-times compared with the control group, but SERT mRNA expression decreased rapidly at the end of the second week. At the first week, SERT protein levels were basically comparable in rats treated with undiluted LGG-s, double-diluted LGG-s, and triple-diluted LGG-s, which were higher than those in the control group and PBS-treated PI-IBS group. SERT protein levels in the intestine were also comparable in rats treated with undiluted LGG-s, double-diluted LGG-s, and triple-diluted LGG-s by the second and third weeks. SERT mRNA and protein levels in the brain had no statistical difference in the groups during the experiment. CONCLUSION LGG-s can up-regulate SERT mRNA and protein levels in intestinal tissue but has no influence in brain tissue in rats with PI-IBS.

Modern cameras typically consist up to dozens of individual optical elements to compensate for geometric and chromatic aberrations. In recent year, high-quality single lens imaging has been proved possible by eliminating aberrations with computationally. Point spread function (PSF) calibration is key technique for single lens imaging. However, the existing PSF calibration method is time-consuming and has to be completely repeated for every new lens. This paper proposes a fast PSF calibration to accelerate the process. A PSF model is firstly estimated from a group of single lenses, which is close to the ideal PSF for specific tested single lenses. Then the PSF model is used as the iterative starting point in the calibration optimization. Experimental results show that this method can significantly improve the efficiency of PSF calibration process, and deconvolution performance is competitive with existing methods.

Denoising is an important issue for laser active image. This paper attempted to process laser active image in the low-dimensional sub-space. We adopted the principal component analysis with local pixel grouping (LPG-PCA) denoising method proposed by Zhang [1], and compared it with the conventional denoising method for laser active image, such as wavelet filtering, wavelet soft threshold filtering and median filtering. Experimental results show that the image denoised by LPG-PCA has higher BIQI value than other images, most of the speckle noise can be reduced and the detail structure information is well preserved. The low-dimensional sub-space idea is a new direction for laser active image denoising.

In this paper, we propose a novel two-step seam-searching method based on Dijkstra algorithm in order to improve the seam-searching performance of image mosaic. Parameters of this algorithm are analyzed to improve the overall performance. Experiments show that the proposed method can obtain better seam-searching result than the algorithm based on greedy method and can reduce the computational burden.

To handle with the limitation of bag-of-features (BoF) model which ignores spatial and temporal relationships of local features in human action recognition in video, a Local Spatiotemporal Coding (LSC) is proposed. Rather than the exiting methods only uses the feature appearance information for coding, LSC encodes feature appearance and spatiotemporal positions information simultaneously with vector quantization (VQ). It can directly models the spatiotemporal relationships of local features in space time volume (STV). In implement, the local features are projected into sub-space-time-volume (sub-STV), and encoded with LSC. In addition a multi-level LSC is also provided. Then a group of sub-STV descriptors obtained from videos with multi-level LSC and Avg-pooling are used for action video classification. A sparse representation based classification method is adopted to classify action videos upon these sub-STV descriptors. The experimental results on KTH, Weizmann, and UCF sports datasets show that our method achieves better performance than the previous local spatiotemporal features based human action recognition methods.

* These two authors contribute equally to this paper. In order to identify the proteins associated with Helicobacter pylori colonization in mice, we used 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) to analyze the membrane- and soluble-cellular proteins extracted from H. pylori strain 26695 and the mouse-passaged homolog 88-3887. We defined 2- and 3-fold changes in protein expression as the threshold values for differential expression in the membrane-protein and whole-cell-protein fractions, respectively. The differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF). A total of 29 proteins, including 16 mem- brane- or membrane-associated proteins (13 upregulated, 3 downregulated) and 13 cellular proteins (10 upregulated, 3 downregulated) were differentially expressed between the strains 26695 and 88-3887. Among the upregulated proteins, 10 proteins had been previously shown to be associated with the mouse colonization, and 13 upregulated proteins were shown to be associated with the adaptation of H. pylori in murine hosts for the first time in this study. The identified proteins were classified as proteins related to metabolism, stress response, virulence, or adhesion. The data presented in this report indicated that there were subsets of upregulated proteins in mouse-adapted H. pylori. In particular, the adhesins, virulence factors, and stress- response proteins are likely to contribute to colonization in mice.

Here we describe IS Hp609 of Helicobacter pylori , a new member of the IS 605 mobile element family that is novel and contains two genes whose functions are unknown, jhp960 and jhp961 , in addition to homologs of two other H. pylori insertion sequence (IS) element genes, orfA , which encodes a putative serine recombinase-transposase, and orfB , whose homologs in other species are also often annotated as genes that encode transposases. The complete four-gene element was found in 10 to 40% of strains obtained from Africa, India, Europe, and the Americas but in only 1% of East Asian strains. Sequence comparison of 10 representative IS Hp609 elements revealed higher levels of DNA sequence matches (99%) than those seen in normal chromosomal genes (88 to 98%) or in other IS elements (95 to 97% for IS 605 , IS 606 , and IS 607 ) from the same H. pylori populations. Sequence analysis suggested that IS Hp609 can insert at many genomic sites with its left end preferentially next to TAT, with no target specificity for its right end, and without duplicating or deleting target sequences. A deleted form of IS Hp609 , containing just jhp960 and jhp961 and 37 bp of orfA , found in reference strain J99, was at the same chromosomal site in 15 to 40% of the strains from many geographic regions but again in only 1% of the East Asian strains. The abundance and sequence homogeneity of IS Hp609 and of this nonmobile remnant suggested a recent bottleneck and then rapid spread in H. pylori populations, possibly selected by the contributions of the elements to bacterial fitness.

To investigate the protein expression profiles of the major food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168.Membrane and soluble cellular proteins were extracted from the genome-sequenced C. jejuni strain NCTC11168. Protein expression profiles were determined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). All the detected spots on the 2-DE map were subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF) analysis.A total of 537 and 333 spots were detected from the whole cell and membrane-associated proteins of C. jejuni NCTC11168 cultured on Columbia agar medium at 42 °C by 2-DE and Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining, respectively. Analyses of whole cell and membrane-associated proteins included 399 and 133 spots, respectively, which included 182 and 53 functional proteins identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis.The comprehensive expression protein profiles of C. jeuni NCTC11168 obtained in this study will be useful for elucidating the roles of these proteins in further pathogenesis investigation.

To investigate genomic variations of two Chinese Yersinia pestis isolates that were isolated from different plague foci obtained from vaccine strain EV76 from the Yunnan province of China.A microarray containing 12 000 probes covering the entire genome of seven Yersinia pestis and two Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains, was used. PCR assays were performed to confirm microarray results.The gene variations detected included the absence of five genes related to the synthesis of betaine in both EV76 and another sequenced attenuated strain, KIM D27. Several genes related to phage-related membrane proteins were found to be absent in the Antiqua biovar Yunnan strain, 485, which was isolated from a rodent plague foci.These findings provide initial insight into the distinct strains isolated from natural foci, within their genomic context, including Yunnan Y. pestis strains. This information will be used therefore to establish subsequent comparisons of these sequences with published complete genomes of other strains.

A hotspot detection algorithm based on connected tree is proposed, which is capable of detecting arbitrarily shaped hotspots during the wargaming process. By detecting the areas with high concentrations of martial events, this algorithm could assist trainees understanding the whole wargaming battlefield situation. After making the definition of a hotspot, a connected tree is built in order to least divide the whole dataset into connected regions, and a pruning procedure is carried out according to the provided density threshold value. Each pruned connected subtree is a hotspot which we would like to acquire. Both the theoretical analysis and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.

To make multi-touch gestures better fit applications and facilitate the recognition of multi-touch gestures, this paper presents an application oriented semantic multi-touch gesture description method. Multi-touch gestures are divided into atomic and combined gestures. The atomic gesture corresponds to a single trajectory and is represented by the shape feature of the trajectory; the combined gesture is consisted of multiple trajectories and modeled by atomic gestures with spatial, temporal and logical relationships. Semantic constraints of a specific application are added and represented by the accessible relationship between entity states and combined gestures. A description tool is developed and examples show that this method is independent of multi-touch platforms and system environments, and it can improve the recognition efficiency. It should be of significant utility to advance the use of multi touch technology.

In order to identify the proteins associated with Helicobacter pylori colonization in mice, we used 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) to analyze the membrane- and soluble-cellular proteins extracted from H. pylori strain 26695 and the mouse-passaged homolog 88-3887. We defined 2- and 3-fold changes in protein expression as the threshold values for differential expression in the membrane-protein and whole-cell-protein fractions, respectively. The differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF). A total of 29 proteins, including 16 membrane- or membrane-associated proteins (13 upregulated, 3 downregulated) and 13 cellular proteins (10 upregulated, 3 downregulated) were differentially expressed between the strains 26695 and 88-3887. Among the upregulated proteins, 10 proteins had been previously shown to be associated with the mouse colonization, and 13 upregulated proteins were shown to be associated with the adaptation of H. pylori in murine hosts for the first time in this study. The identified proteins were classified as proteins related to metabolism, stress response, virulence, or adhesion. The data presented in this report indicated that there were subsets of upregulated proteins in mouse-adapted H. pylori. In particular, the adhesins, virulence factors, and stress-response proteins are likely to contribute to colonization in mice.

This study was to simultaneously identify Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates in China by Multi-PCR assay and to study the prevalence of six virulence and toxin genes on them.A multi-PCR method with three sets of primers specifically designed for application of a 16S rRNA as a universal control, mapA, ceuE based on the specific sequence of C. jejuni and C. coli, was applied to detect 65 Campylobacter isolates from China. Another two separately PCR Primers were directed towards the hippuricase gene (hipO) characteristic of C.jejuni and glyA gene characteristic of C. coli were performed for further confirmation. The presence of the cadF, virB11, flaA, cdtA, cdtB, cdtC genes among these 65 strains were investigated by PCR.From multi-PCR detection, 42 isolates belonged to C. jejuni, other 23 isolates belong to C. coli. Data showing the identification were 100% in concordance with the separated PCR for hipO and glyA amplification. The efficiency (100%) of identification by these three primers multi-PCR method was higher than the biochemical test (83.1%). The cadF and flaA genes were detected from 100% (65/65) of the isolates and the PCR product of each gene were identical with each isolate. Only 10.8% (7/65) of the isolates were positive for virB11. The cdtA gene was found in 92% (60/65) of the isolates. 97.6% (41/42) of C. jejuni had cdtB gene, whereas no PCR product with this primers for all the C. coli isolates. cdtC was presented in all the isolates but the lengths of PCR products were different. For C. jejuni, it was 555 bp, for C. coli, it was about 465 bp.This three primers simultaneous multi-PCR method seemed to be useful for the identification of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates from China since cadF and flaA genes were widely spread in Campylobacter isolates in this country. The present report on virB11 was similar to previous reports from other countries, but the distribution of cdt gene cluster in Campylobacter species isolated from China might be different.

In this paper, we proposed a novel task resource distribution algorithm based on multidimensional dynamic list scheduling and genetic algorithm. The mathematical formulation and implementation of the inner and outer module of this algorithm are proposed. The numerical example shows the better performance of our designed algorithm.

This study was aimed to characterize the Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from different geographic regions in China and different ethnic groups in Yunnan province in terms of cagA, iceA, vacA and HP0519 genes which were proposed to be related to the pathogenesis.150 Helicobacter pylori strains were collected from Yunnan province, Fujian province and Beijing. Chromosome DNA was extracted and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out to determine the 3' region of cagA, iceA, vacA and HP0519 status with specific primers. PCR results were analyzed statistically according to their isolated original and clinical outcomes.For cagA 3' region, 93% (139/150) of the Chinese Helicobacter pylori strains belonged to East Asian type according to the specific primer of TF/JR. Among the 150 strains, 75% (113/150) belonged to iceA1, and 19% (29/150) to iceA2. The dissemination of iceA was not associated with any of the geographic regions, different ethnic groups or different clinical outcomes. 96% (144/150) of the vacA s region belonged to s1. In the vacA middle region, m2, m1b, m1b-m2 were 57% (85/150), 27% (41/150) and 11% (16/150) respectively. However, m1a was only observed in two strains from Fujian. Neither vacA s1 nor m2 showed significant difference between Yunnan, Fujian and Beijing. However, the distribution of mlb-m2 in Yunnan was higher than that in Fujian and Beijing. In Yunnan province, the distribution of vacA s1 was not associated with different ethnic groups but m2 from Bai group was less than other two ethnic groups. The ratio of m1b in Bai group was higher than that in other groups. Both vacA' s region and m region alleles had no significant relationship with the clinical outcomes. With the 15 bp and 24 bp DNA insertion and deletion primers test, 93% (140/150) of the strains were positive. The distributions of the 15 bp and 24 bp DNA insertion or deletion were different according to the different ethnic groups.By JF/TR primer, 93% of the Chinese strains cagA's 3' region belonged to East Asian type. Most of the Chinese strains vacA's allele was s1. The distribution of vacA s1 had no relationship with the clinical outcome of the isolates. From different geographic regions and ethnic groups, the distribution of vacA m region allele was different. 93% of the Chinese strains HP0519 genes had 24 bp or 15 bp insertion or deletion character. The biological meaning of the polymorphism of HP0519 needs advanced investigation.

Embedded system and SoC hardware/software co-design includes two major parts, i.e. hardware development and software development. Traditionally, researchers put more efforts on the design of hardware. However, in reality, the development of embedded software has the same importance, and how to quickly develop the embedded software is also an important part of embedded system and SoC hardware/software co-design. In this paper, we put forward a virtual embedded operating system (VEOS), to support the quick construction of SoC hardware/software system. VEOS is the abstraction of embedded real-time operating system, it can be used to do quick software design and design space exploration for hardware/software partitioning. Based on the embedded operating system uC/OS II, we have created a "virtual design" simulation model for SoC. We have used the VEOS on our platform-based SoC hardware/software co-design environment named YH-PBDE and the results show a good effect

A cooperative event detection system for video sensor grid, which called VECON, is designed and implemented. The structure and work principle of VECON are discussed and the event definition language and the multiple event relationship diagram of VECON system are emphasized. A general framework is constructed for the cooperative event detection based on multi-agent technique. Finally, VECON is primarily validated via experiments.