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BackgroundWe reviewed the literature to assess the prognostic ability of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing curative surgery.MethodsThe online databases of PubMed, CENTRAL, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for articles reporting the relationship between GNRI and outcomes in CRC patients. English language studies were searched up to 28th April 2022.ResultsTen studies with 3802 patients were included. Meta-analysis indicated that patients with low GNRI had significantly poor overall survival (HR: 2.41 95% CI: 1.72, 3.41 I2 = 68%) and disease-free survival (HR: 1.92 95% CI: 1.47, 2.49 I2 = 49%) as compared to those with high GNRI. The meta-analysis also indicated a significantly higher risk of complications with low GNRI as compared to high GNRI (HR: 1.98 95% CI: 1.40, 2.82 I2 = 0%). The results did not change on subgroup analysis based on study location, age group, GNRI cut-off, and sample size.ConclusionCurrent evidence indicates that GNRI can be a valuable prognostic indicator for CRC patients undergoing surgical intervention. Patients with low GNRI have poor overall and disease-free survival and a higher incidence of complications. Clinicians could use this simple indicator to stratify patients and formulate personalized treatment plans.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier (CRD42022328374).

Background: Xinmailong (XML) injection is a CFDA-approved traditional Chinese medicine with clinical value for heart failure treatment. The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the potential protective roles of this injection on myocardial ischemia and the underlying molecular mechanism.Methods: In our study, we selected two models of myocardial ischemia rats. Rats were randomly divided into six groups, with saline or XML administrated 4 days before ischemia model establishment. ECG of different time intervals and biochemical parameters of end point were measured. The potential mechanisms of the protective role of XML were explored using system pharmacology and molecular biology approaches.Results: Myocardial ischemia rats demonstrated abnormal ECG and serum levels of cTnT. Pretreatment with XML significantly attenuated these damages, especially the medium doses. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that the 90 putative target genes were associated with pathways of fatty acid absorption/metabolism, inflammation, RAAS, and vascular smooth muscle. Further network pharmacology method identified five main chemical ingredients and potential targets of XML injection for myocardial ischemia. Mechanically, the beneficial effect of XML injection was mediated by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibition and inflammation attenuation via regulating the expression levels of targets of PKC and PLA2.Conclusion: These findings indicate that XML exerts protective effects against myocardial injury, with attenuated ROS production, apoptosis, and inflammation. Therefore, we speculate that XML may be an alternative supplementary therapeutic agent for myocardial ischemia prevention.

Objective Design a rapid microbial detection algorithm that analyzes the sequencing data while sequencing, which can improve the speed of pathogenic microbial detection. Method A 'analysis while sequencing' method is used to analyze the sequencing data, the method uses the detection algorithm to analyze the sequencing data generated by the sequencer periodically. The reference microbial genomes are grouped. For each group the algorithm extracts sequencing reads mapped to the microbial genomes and then filters the human genome data, then the algorithm assembles the reads left and aligns the assembled contigs to the microbial genomes. Result For the simulated data, the new algorithm achieves speedup of 10 compared with RINS when the microorganisms in the sample have ref-genomes, both results are consistent and the new algorithm gets longer contigs. The new algorithm achieves an average speedup of 9 with no ref-genomes, and it obtains more complete sequence. For the real data, the new algorithm achieves an average speedup of 3 compared with RINS, and both detection results are the same. When verifying the Sequencing-by-side method, a reliable result can be obtained with a certain scale of sequencing data. Conclusion The 'analysis while sequencing' methods can improve pathogen detection speed, and have good application prospects.

To investigate the role of liver-specific expression of glucokinase (GCK) in the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia and to identify candidate genes involved in mechanisms of the onset and progression of maturity onset diabetes of the young, type 2 (MODY-2), we examined changes in biochemical parameters and gene expression in GCK knockout (gck(w/-)) and wild-type (gck(w/w)) mice as they aged. Fasting blood glucose levels were found to be significantly higher in the gck(w/-) mice, compared to age-matched gck(w/w) mice, at all ages (P0.05), except at 2 weeks. GCK activity of gck(w/-) mice was about 50% of that of wild type (gck(w/w)) mice (P0.05). Glycogen content at 4 and 40 weeks of age was lower in gck(w/-) mice compared to gck(w/w) mice. Differentially expressed genes in the livers of 2 and 26 week-old liver-specific GCK knockout (gck(w/-)) mice were identified by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), which resulted in the identification of phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxykinase (PEPCK, also called PCK1) and Sterol O-acyltransferase 2 (SOAT2) as candidate genes involved in pathogenesis. The expressions of PEPCK and SOAT2 along with glycogen phosphorylase (GP) and glycogen synthase (GS) were then examined in GCK knockout (gck(w/-)) and wild-type (gck(w/w)) mice at different ages. Changes in PEPCK mRNA levels were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR, while no differences in the levels of expression of SOAT2 or GS were observed in age-matched GCK knockout (gck(w/-)) and wild-type (gck(w/w)) mice. GP mRNA levels were decreased in 40-week old gck(w/-) mice compared to age-matched gck(w/w) mice. Changes in gluconeogenesis, delayed development of GCK and impaired hepatic glycogen synthesis in the liver potentially lead to the onset and progression of MODY2.

The plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PM H+-ATPase) plays a key role in the activation of ion and nutrient transport, and is proposed to be involved in salt tolerance. This study investigates the acclimation of PM H+-ATPase in physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) roots and leaves treated with 0, 50 and 200 mM NaCl for 5 days. Upon comparison with control roots, the H+-ATPase hydrolytic activity, Vmax, Km, H+-pumping activity and pH gradient potential across the plasma membrane were significantly higher in roots treated with NaCl, especially under mild salt stress. The translational activation of PM H+-ATPase of physic nut roots helped to maintain K+ and Ca2+ uptake as well as nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in roots. Compared with the control leaves, the maintenance of H+ transport under 50 mM NaCl was attributed to a modification of the lipid membrane, and the increase in H+transport under 200 mM NaCl could be because of an acid-mediated activation. Differential expression of the H+-ATPase isoforms could also occur in leaves under salt stress. Thus, the stable pH gradient created by the H+-ATPase in leaves treated with 50 mM NaCl assisted normal leaf growth. These modulations of PM H+-ATPase in the roots and leaves of physic nuts could represent a set of adaptive mechanisms to salinity. Key words: Immunoprecipitation, Jatropha curcas L., plasma membrane H+-ATPase, salt stress.