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Research describing the properties of quantum dot active wave guides is presented. In particular the coherent dynamics and incoherent population dynamics of two different wave guides are investigated.

Abstract: Objective: The purposes of this study were to explore both the prognostic value of pathologic grade and the relationships between differentiation and clinicopathological characteristics in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included the records of 2036 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who were surgically treated from June 1999 to December 2011. Chi‐square test, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and Cox proportional hazards regression model were performed for statistical analysis. Results: Many clinicopathological characteristics were associated with pathologic grade. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that well‐differentiated tumors had a better prognosis than the other two grades. Cox regression model showed that differentiation was an independent risk factor for prognosis in patients with early stage, but not with advanced stage. The predictive abilities of pathologic grade, T stage, N status, and lymph node ratio were similar, but the presence of extracapsular spread and perineural invasion were stronger prognostic factors than pathologic differentiation. Conclusions: Pathologic grade was found to be an independent risk factor for early‐stage oral squamous cell carcinoma, but not for advanced stage. Many important clinicopathological characteristics were associated with histological classification; however, its prognostic value was limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of repetitive 100 Hz EA stimulation on the characteristics of binding of kappa opioid receptors in discrete brain regions and the spinal cord of rats was investigated by radioligand binding assay. 100 Hz EA was administered once a day (30 min) for 7 d. Changes in Bmax and Kd of kappa opioid receptors of 4 discrete brain regions (cortex, midbrain, pons-medulla and striatum) and spinal cord were observed at d 1, 3, 5 and 7, respectively. It was found that the numbers (Bmax) of kappa opioid receptors of all the brain regions observed were decreased during the development of 100 Hz EA tolerance with a differential time course. In rat cortex and pons-medulla, a marked down regulation of kappa opioid receptors occurred within 24 h and remained at a low level throughout the observation. The Bmax of kappa receptor in spinal cord showed a bell-shaped curve, i.e., up regulation in the first 5 days and down regulation at d 7. In contrast a slow and steady down regulation was found in the midbrain and striatum, matching the course of development of 100 Hz EA tolerance. No significant changes in Kd of [3H]-U69593 were found except for a decrease of Kd in midbrain. In conclusion, administration of 100 Hz EA 30 min per day for 7 consecutive days resulted in a significant down regulation of kappa opioid receptor in CNS, especially in midbrain and striatum.