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Recommender systems are widely used in e-commerce, movies, music, social media, and other fields because of their personalized recommendation functions. The recommendation algorithm is used to capture user preferences, item characteristics, and the items that users are interested in are recommended to users. Matrix factorization is widely used in collaborative filtering algorithms because of its simplicity and efficiency. However, the simple dot-product method cannot establish a nonlinear relationship between user latent features and item latent features or make full use of their personalized information. The model of a neural network combined with an attention mechanism can effectively establish a nonlinear relationship between the potential features of users and items and improve the recommendation accuracy of the model. However, it is difficult for the general attention mechanism algorithm to solve the problem of attention interaction when the number of features between the users and items is not the same. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes an attention interaction matrix factorization (AIMF) model. The AIMF model adopts a symmetric structure using MLP calculation. This structure can simultaneously extract the nonlinear features of user latent features and item latent features, thus reducing the computation time of the model. In addition, an improved attention algorithm named slide-attention is included in the model. The algorithm uses the sliding query method to obtain the user's attention to the latent features of the item and solves the interaction problem among different dimensions of the user, and the latent features of the item. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The EARLY MATURITY 8 (EAM8) gene of barley is homologous to the EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) gene in Arabidopsis, as loss-of-function mutations in this circadian clock gene promote rapid flowering. A previous study demonstrated that the early flowering phenotype of a hulless barley, Lalu, was due to allele eam8.l carrying an alternative splicing mutation in intron 3 that led to intron retention. In the present study, we verified that eam8.l encoded a truncated protein. Although EAM8 was expressed at a higher level in Lalu than in other barley lines with a longer growth period, it did not negatively regulate flowering time. This result further proved that the eam8.l protein was nonfunctional in regulating flowering in barley. The early flowering phenotype of Lalu plants was strongly dependent on the biosynthesis of gibberellin (GA). The eam8.l mutation stopped the suppression of GA biosynthesis, and Lalu accumulated excessive GA, especially in leaves. This was achieved through the upregulated expression of genes in the GA pathway, including GA20ox2, LFY1, SOC1, PAP2, and FPF3. The mutation of the EAM8 gene also abolished the inhibition of FLOWERING LOCUS T-like (FT1) gene expression at night. During the night, expression levels of the FT1 gene were higher than those during the day in Lalu. However, the GA-dependent pathway and FT1 gene mechanism are two independent pathways that promote flowering in Lalu. Alleles of EAM8, therefore, demonstrated an important breeding value in barley, which is probably effective in many other day-length-sensitive crop plants as well; thus, they could be used to tune adaptation in different geographic regions and climatic conditions, a critical issue in times of global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A core collection reflects the diversity of the larger germplasm collection and makes the evaluation of genetic resources more effective. To improve barley germplasm management, we propose the construction of a core genetic collection derived from a set of 204 six-rowed hulless barley accessions (39 registered cultivars and 165 landraces) native to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). A sampling percentage of 20% was predicted by the maximization strategy. Five different sampling strategies (Mstrat, Random, REMC, SBS, and SFS) were applied to establish 5 primary core collections from the original 204 accessions using 1750 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. After the evaluation and analysis of core collection representativeness, the Mstrat strategy was determined to be a valid method for developing a core collection. A total of 41 barley accessions were obtained, including 11 registered cultivars and 30 landraces. Genetic structure analysis of the 204 barley accessions showed that the core collection was evenly distributed throughout the initial collection, indicating that the core collection represented the larger germplasm well. A subset of 28 SNP markers were produced and used to distinguish all 204 barley accessions from each other. We believe the collection of 28 SNP markers will be incredibly helpful to barley breeders. Furthermore, the core collection ensures the long-term conservation of genetic resources and will support improvements to six-rowed hulless barley from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• NO 2 − and NO 3 − concentrations were the key factors affecting the N removal. • NO 3 − could inhibit denitrification and anammox by influencing the production of NO 2 −. • The availability of electron acceptors (NO 2 − and NO 3 −) influenced the denitrifiers. The anaerobic microbial nitrogen (N) removal in lake sediments is one of the most important processes driving the nitrogen cycling in lake ecosystems. However, the N removal and its underlying mechanisms regulated by denitrifying and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) bacteria in lake sediments remain poorly understood. With the field sediments collected from different areas of Lake Donghu (a shallow eutrophic lake), we examined the denitrifying and anammox bacterial communities by sequencing the nirS/K and hzsB genes, respectively. The results indicated that denitrifiers in sediments were affiliated to nine clusters, which are involved in both heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification. However, anammox bacteria were only dominated by Candidatus Brocadia. We found that NO 3 − and NO 2 − concentrations, as well as Nar enzyme activity were the key factors affecting denitrifying and anammox communities in this eutrophic lake. The enrichment experiments in bioreactors confirmed the divergence of denitrification and anammox rates with an additional complement of NO 2 −, especially under a condition low nitrate reductase activity. The coupled denitrification and anammox may play significant roles in N removal, and the availability of electronic acceptors (i.e., NO 2 − and NO 3 −) strongly influenced the N loss in lake sediments. Further path analysis indicated that NO 2 −, NO 3 − and some N-related enzymes were the key factors affecting microbial N removal in lake sediments. This study advances our understanding of the mechanisms driving the of denitrification and anammox in lake sediments, which also provides new insights into coupled denitrification-anammox N removal in eutrophic lake ecosystems. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stropharia rugosoannulata, also known as Daqiugaigu in China, is a well-known edible mushroom that has been widely cultivated in China in recent years. Many studies have focused on its nutrients, bioactive compounds, and lignin degradation capacity, although there are few molecular and genetic breeding studies due to the lack of genomic information. Here, we present the 47.9 Mb genome sequence of an S. rugosoannulata monokaryotic strain (A15), which has 20 contigs and an N50 of 3.64 Mb, which was obtained by a combination of Illumina and Nanopore sequencing platforms. Further analysis predicted 12,752 protein-coding genes, including 486 CAZyme-encoding genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close evolutionary relationship between S. rugosoannulata and Hypholoma sublateritium, Psilocybe cyanescens, and Galerina marginata based on single-copy orthologous genes. Proteomic analysis revealed different protein expression profiles between the cap and the stipe of the S. rugosoannulata fruiting body. The proteins of the stipe associated with carbon metabolism, energy production, and stress-response-related biological processes had higher abundance, whereas proteins involved in fatty acid synthesis and mRNA splicing showed higher expression in the cap than in the stipe. The genome of S. rugosoannulata will provide valuable genetic resources not only for comparative genomic analyses and evolutionary studies among Basidiomycetes but also for alleviating the bottlenecks that restrict the molecular breeding of this edible mushroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]