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Simulations of galactic vorticity require the development of complex systems of equations to generate models that account for the gravity, mass, kinetic, and electromagnetic effects which govern cluster behaviour. In this study, a relationship is outlined through a series of steps, between the Einstein equations, the Ricci equations and the gravitational model of comoslogical bodies. This series of steps are then followed by the generation of a group of equations, including a supersymmetric equation which describes vorticity under the presence of an electromagnetic field for quantized systems. The relationship between the Einstein equations and the equation for quantum vorticity is ultimately the described and we outline the model of galactic vorticity through a nonlinear cluster model, which has direct similarities to the Kosterlitz-Thouless model for vorticity in quasi-ordered systems. The resulting supersymmetric model for describing galactic vorticity we here show suggests that galactic vorticity broke symmetry already at T=0, and by the effect of the galactic halo around the periphery, generates nonlinear vorticity through the shear property of the wavefunction. Most interestingly, this property of the wavefunction, which generates autonomous vorticity by the mere presence of a halo-boundary of the galactic cluster is independent of temperature. We describe by this that the nonlinear relationship between vortices in the cluster leads to a cumulative effect which generates an exchange interaction at the macroscopic level between clusters which is the source of irregular moment of inertia of galaxies, that has been attributed to dark matter. Our theory is thus that galactic rotations are both fueled by the mass of the galaxy by classical physics means as well as the nonlinear vortex interaction between clusters. Modeling of quantum vorticity and turbulence in two- and three-dimensional systems.

Superconductors are principal components used in resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) machines, tokamaks reactors, in particle accelerators and in other components in advanced technologies. Electromagnetic vorticity plays a significant role in superconductivity, as it allows for the generation of holes which permit electrons to transfer from one electronic orbital to the next without resistance through a superconductive band. Modeling and predicting the behaviour of electromagnetic fields for superconductors is therefore important, and requires the development of new operators and mathematical models. We here apply a supersymmetric model to study the arise and dynamics of vorticity in a superconductor with a slit. We compare the results to existing studies, and show that a small modification of the Ginzburg-Landau model, taking into account the effects of supersymmetry, can significantly reduce the time of formation of quantum vorticity in numerical models. We discuss the results and present outlooks and prospects for using supersymmetry in modeling superconductive holes/vortices.

Environmental pollution and contamination is a continuous challenge that industrialized and developing countries are facing, affecting entire ecosystems, threatening biodiversity, reducing health and life quality of humans and contributing to the extinction of endangered species. The oceans and seas are the most vulnerable ecosystems to anthropogenic impacts, where heavy metals and other pollutants affect the viability of marine species. In this review, the focus is put on the widespread contamination of heavy metals on the Baltic sea and its marine ecosystems. Three parts are considered: the industrial sources of heavy metals in along the entire Baltic coast and in the Baltic sea, the levels and concentrations of heavy metals found in various phases of the environment (sediments, rivers, lakes and seas) and the accumulation of heavy metals in fish as well as avian species. The results from this review show that the heavy metal-releasing industries impact the marine environment for several decades, and that more efforts are required to restitute the Baltic sea to its original state. Computational Ecotoxicology

Non-self adjoint operators describe problems in physics and computational sciences which lack symmetry and unitarity, and which display non-trivial solutions on an unbounded interval in Hilbert or Banach space. Non-self adjoint operators describe for instance problems in quantum mechanics and quantum theory, where the resolvent norm is approximated in Hilbert space, and the resolvent set includes quantizable infinitely differentiable $C^{\infty}$ functions within a bounded interval. Non-self adjoint operators describe also problems in fluid mechanics, where the problem is usually analysed in Banach space, and where as also for quantum-problems, one can generate and analyse the spectral properties in order to identify the behaviour of the operator. Spectral analysis includes both the computation of the spectrum of eigenvalues of an operator, and also the computation of pseudospectra, which are important to study a perturbed state of the operator under consideration. Spectra of non-self adjoint operators are here studied under perturbations, and compared to the ground state spectrum. The eigenvalue distribution is furthermore analysed and compared between ground states and perturbed states. We further endeavour on the properties of essential spectra, and inessential spectra, which both describe the domain of eigenvalues of non-self adjoint operators and analyse in depth the properties of discrete spectra, which arise inevitably upon the quantization and application of boundary conditions on non-self adjoint operators. We include furthermore a survey on methods for solving non-self adjoint problems, using semi-group theory, perturbation theory and spectral inclusions and expansions and study numerically and theoretically a series of non-self adjoint operators in four distinct publications. Modeling of quantum vorticity and turbulence in two- and three-dimensional system

The partitioning of compounds between aqueous and other phases is important for predicting toxicity. Although thousands of octanol–water partition coefficients have been measured, these represent only a small fraction of the anthropogenic compounds present in the environment. The octanol phase is often taken to be a mimic of the inner parts of phospholipid membranes. However, the core of such membranes is typically more hydrophobic than octanol, and other partition coefficients with other compounds may give complementary information. Although a number of (cheap) empirical methods exist to compute octanol–water (log kOW) and hexadecane–water (log kHW) partition coefficients, it would be interesting to know whether physics-based models can predict these crucial values more accurately. Here, we have computed log kOW and log kHW for 133 compounds from seven different pollutant categories as well as a control group using the solvation model based on electronic density (SMD) protocol based on Hartree–Fock (HF) or density functional theory (DFT) and the COSMO-RS method. For comparison, XlogP3 (log kOW) values were retrieved from the PubChem database, and KowWin log kOW values were determined as well. For 24 of these compounds, log kOW was computed using potential of mean force (PMF) calculations based on classical molecular dynamics simulations. A comparison of the accuracy of the methods shows that COSMO-RS, KowWin, and XlogP3 all have a root-mean-square deviation (rmsd) from the experimental data of ≈0.4 log units, whereas the SMD protocol has an rmsd of 1.0 log units using HF and 0.9 using DFT. PMF calculations yield the poorest accuracy (rmsd = 1.1 log units). Thirty-six out of 133 calculations are for compounds without known log kOW, and for these, we provide what we consider a robust prediction, in the sense that there are few outliers, by averaging over the methods. The results supplied may be instrumental when developing new methods in computational ecotoxicity. The log kHW values are found to be strongly correlated to log kOW for most compounds.

Bose-einstein condensates have received wide attention in the last decades given their unique properties. In this study, we apply supersymmetry rules on an existing Hamiltonian and derive a new model which represents an inverse scattering problem with similarities to the circuit and the harmonic oscillator equations. The new Hamiltonian is analysed and its numerical solutions are presented. The results suggest that the SUSY Hamiltonian describes the formation of vortices in a homogeneous magnetic field in a rotating system. Modeling of quantum vorticity and turbulence in two- and three-dimensional systems

Vortexes in three dimensional systems are an emerging topic of study in the realm of quantum physics, particle physics and magnetism. In this study we describe a new Hamiltonian, and solve it numerically for the description of vortices in a spherical model subjected to an electromagnetic field. The numerical analysis shows also that supersymmetric Hamiltonian describes quantized orbitals for atomic systems with vorticity included, which is to our knowledge novel and also describes electricity as composed of quasi-symmetric vortex bundles. Further work on analytical solutions is under development. The 3D solutions of the Hamiltonian are relevant for nuclear physics, in the physics of elementary particles, in geophysics, and in the physics of stellar bodies. Modeling of quantum vorticity and turbulence in two- and three-dimensional systems.

Macrophysical phenomena, such as turbulence, vorticity are normally modelled using fluid-mechanical differential equations and geodesics systems. Other methods may also be of importance to the meteorology community, such as quantum physical operators. In this study we use a novel Hamiltonian and study the vortex formation in the atmosphere of planet Earth under the effects of the gravity density stratification and the electromagnetic field of the planet. The results propose that vorticity in the atmosphere (high and low pressure systems) is driven in major part by the interplay between the earths magnetic field and gravity density. The results show that the quantized behaviour of atmospheric vortices lies in their dominant occurrence on the northern and southern hemispheres. The use of quantum mechanical operators in modelling planetary vorticity reveals also that these vortices arise from the core of the planet and manifest in a most pronounced manner on the surface of the earth where gravity density is experiencing an abrupt phase change. Further research is made on combining this model with earths atmospheric parameters, such as ocean temperatures and circulation, terrestrial oscillation and the sun's magnetic field. The results are important for future developments of climate and weather prediction models. Modeling of quantum vorticity and turbulence in two- and three-dimensional systems.