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The aim of the present study was to compare the antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral activities of Podkarpackie coniferous honeydew honey and Manuka honey. The quality of tested honey samples (honeydew-12 and Manuka-4) regarding honey standard was evaluated as well as additional indicators (methylglyoxal, total phenolics and HPTLC phenolic profile, antioxidant potential, glucose oxidase activity, and hydrogen peroxide) were compared. Antibacterial potential was analyzed against Gram-positive (S. aureus and B. cereus) and Gram-negative (E. coli and S. enterica) bacteria. Antiviral activity against different RNA (phi6, MS2) and DNA (T7, phiX174) bacteriophages considered as "viral surrogates" was determined. Based on the determined physicochemical parameters the good quality of tested honeys was confirmed, excluding two samples. The content of polyphenolic compounds in honeydew honey ranged from 583.87 to 1102.42 mg of gallic acid/kg and was strongly correlated with the antioxidant properties. Moreover, for samples with the strongest activity these parameters were comparable to Manuka honey. However, the obtained HPTLC polyphenolic profiles were completely different for honeydew than for Manuka honey which exhibited additional bands (Rf = 0.74 and 0.52). Honeydew honeys were characterized by a strong antiviral and antibacterial properties most of all against Gram-positive bacteria. The MICs (minimal inhibitory concentrations) for S. aureus and B. cereus ranged 15–35% and 8–15% for honeydew and Manuka honeys, respectively. The strongest antiviral properties of honeydew honey were demonstrated mainly against RNA bacteriophages (phi6, MS2) which was even higher than for Manuka honey, especially against MS2 virus. The obtained results suggest that Podkarpackie honeydew honey with the controlled glucose oxidase activity may be a natural substance used to combat viral and bacterial diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of present study was to observe the effect of topical application of manuka honey in healing in the healing of postoperative mastoid cavity. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma underwent canal wall down mastoidectomy, Manuka honey-soaked roller gauze pack was placed on Day 10 and was removed on day 17 and manuka honey was applied on day 17. Cavity was assessed on day 47 and day 90 on follow-up. Otoendoscopy was done on every visit to assess mastoid cavity. The primary outcome measure was the creation of a dry cavity as measured by a semi-quantitative scale as described by Merchant et al. Then Mastoid Cavity Healing Score was calculated on every visit and scoring was done at the end. On intragroup comparison it appeared that both the treatment methods exhibited improvised merchant grade score with the course of time (p-value = < 0.001). At 47th day and 90th day, the healing score in Group A was significantly higher than in Group B [p-value = < 0.001 and 0.001] respectively. We recommend Manuka honey as an adjunct to achieve a safe, dry ear in view of faster epithelization after mastoidectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Manuka honey (MH) exhibits potential antitumor activity in preclinical models of a number of human cancers. Treatment in vitro with MH at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 5.0% (w/v) led to significant dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, but anti-proliferative effects of MH were less pronounced in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Effects of MH were also tested on non-malignant human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) at 2.5% w/v, and it was found that MH reduced the proliferation of MCF-7 cells but not that of HMECs. Notably, the antitumor activity of MH was in the range of that exerted by treatment of MCF-7 cells with the antiestrogen tamoxifen. Further, MH treatment stimulated apoptosis of MCF-7 cells in vitro, with most cells exhibiting acute and significant levels of apoptosis that correlated with PARP activation. Additionally, the effects of MH induced the activation of AMPK and inhibition of AKT/mTOR downstream signaling. Treatment of MCF7 cells with increased concentrations of MH induced AMPK phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner that was accompanied by inhibition of phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR downstream effector protein S6. In addition, MH reduced phosphorylated STAT3 levels in vitro, which may correlate with MH and AMPK-mediated anti-inflammatory properties. Further, in vivo, MH administered alone significantly inhibited the growth of established MCF-7 tumors in nude mice by 84%, resulting in an observable reduction in tumor volume. Our findings highlight the need for further research into the use of natural compounds, such as MH, for antitumor efficacy and potential chemoprevention and investigation of molecular pathways underlying these actions.

Abstract Chronic wounds represent a significant global health concern, statistically impacting 1–2% of the population in developed countries throughout their lifetimes. These wounds cause considerable discomfort for patients and necessitate substantial expenditures of time and resources for treatment. Among the emerging therapeutic approaches, medicated dressings incorporating bioactive molecules, including natural compounds, are particularly promising. Hence, the objective of this study was to develop novel antimicrobial dressings for wound treatment. Specifically, polycaprolactone membranes were manufactured using the electrospinning technique and subsequently coated with natural polyelectrolytes (chitosan as a polycation and a mixture of manuka honey with essential oils nanoemulsions as a polyanion) employing the Layer-by-Layer assembly technique. Physico-chemical and morphological characterization was conducted through QCM-D, FTIR-ATR, XPS, and SEM analyses. The results from SEM and QCM-D demonstrated successful layer deposition and coating formation. Furthermore, FTIR-ATR and XPS analyses distinguished among different coating compositions. The coated membranes were tested in the presence of fibroblast cells, demonstrating biocompatibility and expression of genes coding for VEGF, COL1, and TGF-β1, which are associated with the healing process (assessed through RT-qPCR analysis). Finally, the membranes exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with higher bacterial strain inhibition observed when cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsion was incorporated. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential application of nanocoated membranes for biomedical applications, such as wound healing.

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The antioxidant capacity and nutritional value of honey are significantly dependent on the content of phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant properties and color of selected honeys and manuka honeys available in the Polish market. The results showed quantitative differences in phenolic acids, phenolic content and antioxidant activity between the honeys, indicating the influence of floral sources. Dark honeys, including buckwheat honey, showed increased phenolic content and superior antioxidant properties. The study revealed remarkable correlations between phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and color. Buckwheat honey showed higher antioxidant properties compared to manuka honey, which is highly valued in the current market. These results highlight the importance of further research into Polish buckwheat honey and advocate its wider consumption due to its high nutritional value and remarkable bioactive properties. In addition, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of honey diversity and highlights the potential importance of regional honey varieties in promoting health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa where symptomatology has continued beyond 12 weeks. Manuka honey is made by bees that pollinate the native leptospermum scoparium bush (tea tree). Baby shampoo is a commercially available liquid solution containing multiple chemical surfactants that can act as a mucolytic and an antimicrobial agent. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients diagnosed with CRS were taken to be part of study. The modes of comparison used were the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) and a self-formulated Nasal Crusting Score (NCS). Individuals in Group A were given 5% Manuka Honey for nasal douching in both nasal cavities and those in Group B were given 10% Baby Shampoo. Observations and Results: The average RSDI scores in Group A before & after intervention were 75.40 and 30.04, an improvement of 60.15%. The same parameters in Group B was found to be 77.36 and 37.36, an improvement of 51.70%. The NCS improved by 83.46% in the Group A and by 77.61% in Group B between POD-2 and POD-5. Conclusion: As per literature available, both Manuka Honey and Baby Shampoo have improved the outcomes of Quality of Life and airway after FESS. We found that Manuka Honey is superior in clearing crusts and achieving better symptom clearance post FESS. We also present our self-formulated Nasal Crusting Score which can be used in further practice for better understanding of nasal airway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic wounds are becoming an increasing burden on healthcare services, as they have extended healing times and are susceptible to infection, with many failing to heal, which can lead ultimately to amputation. Due to the additional rise in antimicrobial resistance and emergence of difficult-to-treat Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. (ESKAPE pathogens), novel treatments will soon be required asides from traditional antibiotics. Many natural substances have been identified as having the potential to aid in both preventing infection and increasing the speed of wound closure processes. Manuka honey is already in some cases used as a topical treatment in the form of ointments, which in conjunction with dressings and fish skin grafts are an existing US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment option. These existing treatment options indicate that fatty acids from fish oil and manuka honey are well tolerated by the body, and if the active components of the treatments were better understood, they could make valuable additions to topical treatment options. This review considers two prominent natural substances with established manufacturing and global distribution—marine based fatty acids (including their metabolites) and manuka honey—their function as antimicrobials and how they can aid in wound repair, two important aspects leading to resolution of chronic wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Manuka honey (MH) has garnered much attention due to its remarkable antimicrobial, anticancer, immunomodulatory and wound-healing properties. This study compared the antiproliferative effects of raw and powdered MH (pMH) on various human and murine cancer cell lines. A detailed metabolomics analysis was also carried out using untargeted ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) to compare the constituents in raw MH and pMH. The results of the viability studies showed that both raw MH and pMH caused a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor cell growth at concentrations of > 1% w/v (equivalent to ~ 10 mg/ml). A differential susceptibility to MH was observed among the cell lines with the human MDA-MB-231 and A549 cells and murine B16.F10 cells being relatively resistant to MH while the murine MC38 colorectal adeno-carcinoma cells showing the most sensitivity. The effect of raw MH and pMH on cell viability was validated using 2 indepndent assays. Metabolomics analysis detected 2440 compounds, out of which 833 were successfully identified. Among these, 90 phytochemical compounds, predominantly comprising terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins and derivatives, and phenylpropanoic acids, and 79 lipids were identifiable. Significant differences in 5 metabolite classes, including flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, and organic acids were observed between the raw and pMH. Moreover, several altered metabolic pathways were identified in pMH compared to raw MH, such as energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and various other pathways that collectively influence biological functions associated with cellular growth, signaling, and stress response.

Manuka honey (MH) is considered a superfood mainly because of its various health-promoting properties, including its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and clinically proven antibacterial properties. A unique feature of Manuka honey is the high content of methylglyoxal, which has antibacterial potential. Additionally, it contains bioactive and antioxidant substances such as polyphenols that contribute to its protective effects against oxidative stress. In this study, commercially available Manuka honey was tested for its total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging ability. It was then tested in vitro on human fibroblast cells exposed to UV radiation to assess its potential to protect cells against oxidative stress. The results showed that the honey itself significantly interfered with cell metabolism, and its presence only slightly alleviated the effects of UV exposure. This study also suggested that the MGO content has a minor impact on reducing oxidative stress in UV-irradiated cells and efficiency in scavenging the DPPH radical.

Bioactive glasses (BGs) are highly researched biomaterials in the field of bone tissue engineering. Besides their good biocompatibility and biodegradability, they also develop osteogenic and angiogenic effects due to the release of several biologically active ions through the dissolution process. To further improve the functionality of BGs, different biomolecules can be added, which are then released into the body together with the BG ionic dissolution products. For this purpose, phytotherapeutic agents can be used, which have the potential advantage of inducing less undesirable side effects than synthetic drugs and can exhibit anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity. A well-known example of such natural compounds is the Manuka honey from New Zealand, which was used in this project. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the synergistic effects of the dissolution products of bioactive glasses in combination with Manuka honey (MH). Different relevant bioactive glass compositions (45S5 BG, 13–93 BG and 0106-B1 BG) were combined with MH. Cell biology (osteoblast-like cell line MG-63) and antibacterial assays (E. coli and S. aureus) were performed. The results indicated synergistic effects of BGs and MH, particularly in relation to the antibacterial activity of BG-MH combinations, which resulted in overall bacteria viabilities of < 40% compared to 80% of viable bacteria for BG samples without MH. Interestingly, the ionic dissolution products from 13-93 BG and 0106-B1 BG showed superior effects on MG-63 cells when combined with MH compared with 45S5 BG at the same concentrations. These findings suggest that combining BGs with MH enhances the stimulatory effects on cells and bacteria, supporting the potential use of BGs in combination with natural compounds for tissue engineering applications.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of two types of Manuka honey with varying concentrations of methylglyoxal (MGO), 70 and 1050 mg/kg against S. aureus in vitro. Methods: Two types of Manuka honey were purchased and tested for their antimicrobial activities. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined using the broth tube dilution method. Results: The results revealed that both concentrations of Manuka honey exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus, with the higher concentration (1050 mg/kg) exhibiting enhanced antibacterial activity. The MIC was determined to be 100% v/v (undiluted) for the initial concentration and 1:2 (50% v/v) for the higher concentration. The MBC was not reached at the dilution level used in this experiment for the initial concentration, but it was inferred to be at a dilution of 1:2 for the higher concentration. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Manuka honey with a higher concentration of MGO may be more effective in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus and potentially killing bacteria present. The results of this study highlight the potential use of a high concentration of Manuka honey as an alternative antimicrobial agent against S. aureus. Further investigation into its efficacy in various clinical settings is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antibiotic resistance (ABR) crisis is an urgent global health priority. Staphylococci are among the problematic bacteria contributing to this emergency owing to their recalcitrance to many clinically important antibiotics. Staphylococcal pathogenesis is further complicated by the presence of small colony variants (SCVs), a bacterial subpopulation displaying atypical characteristics including retarded growth, prolific biofilm formation, heightened antibiotic tolerance, and enhanced intracellular persistence. These capabilities severely impede current chemotherapeutics, resulting in chronic infections, poor patient outcomes, and significant economic burden. Tackling ABR requires alternative measures beyond the conventional options that have dominated treatment regimens over the past 8 decades. Non-antibiotic therapies are gaining interest in this arena, including the use of honey, which despite having ancient therapeutic roots has now been reimagined as an alternative treatment beyond just traditional topical use, to include the treatment of an array of difficult-to-treat staphylococcal infections. This literature review focused on Manuka honey (MH) and its efficacy as an anti-staphylococcal treatment. We summarized the studies that have used this product and the technologies employed to study the antibacterial mechanisms that render MH a suitable agent for the management of problematic staphylococcal infections, including those involving staphylococcal SCVs. We also discussed the status of staphylococcal resistance development to MH and other factors that may impact its efficacy as an alternative therapy to help combat ABR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mānuka tree is unique to Aotearoa New Zealand and was recognised by early Māori traditions as a taonga (treasure) due to its wide variety of uses and is the first globally recognised taonga. Mānuka honey (MH) is reported to have exceptional antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The objective of this review is to summarise the current published peer-reviewed literature for benefits of the use of MH as a Rongoā (traditional medicine) in ruminant livestock and companion animals to support the potential use of MH as a therapeutic for companion animals and livestock. The key finding was that there is very little peer-reviewed literature providing scientific evidence for the use of MH as a therapeutic in livestock and companion animals. There are a wide range of products now commercially available that have MH as an active ingredient. However, further scientific studies are required to evaluate the direct effects of MH relative to its effects when used in conjunction with other compounds, dose–response effects, and the effect of the Unique Mānuka Factor and methylglyoxal levels on efficacy in order to provide scientific evidence to support the efficacy of MH as a functional food or therapeutic in livestock and companion animal species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both honey and fish oil have been historically used in medicine and identified as having antimicrobial properties. Although analyses of the substances have identified different components within them, it is not fully understood how these components interact and contribute to the observed effect. With the increase in multi-drug resistant strains of bacteria found in infections, new treatment options are needed. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial abilities of fish oil components, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and derived resolvins (RvE1, RvD2, and RvD3), as well as two varieties of manuka honey, against a panel of medically relevant microorganisms and antimicrobial resistant organisms, such as Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were identified; further minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBEC) were investigated for responsive organisms, including S. aureus, E. coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Concurrent with the existing literature, manuka honey was found to be a broad-spectrum antimicrobial with varied potency according to methylglyoxal content. DHA and EPA were both effective against Gram-positive and negative bacteria, but some drug-resistant strains or pathogens were not protected by a capsule. Only E. coli was inhibited by the resolvins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: To investigate the potential of Manuka honey (MH) as an immunomodulatory agent in colorectal cancer (CRC) and dissect the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. Methods: MH was administered orally over a 4 week-period. The effect of MH treatment on microbiota composition was studied using 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal pellets collected before and after treatment. Pretreated mice were implanted with CRC cells and followed for tumor growth. Tumors and lymphoid organs were analyzed by flow cytometry (FACS), immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Efficacy of MH was also assessed in a therapeutic setting, with oral treatment initiated after tumor implantation. We utilized IFNγ-deficient mice to determine the importance of interferon signaling in MH-induced immunomodulation. Results: Pretreatment with MH enhanced anti-tumor responses leading to suppression of tumor growth. Evidence for enhanced tumor immunogenicity included upregulated MHC class-II on intratumoral macrophages, enhanced MHC class-I expression on tumor cells and increased infiltration of effector T cells into the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, oral MH was also effective in retarding tumor growth when given therapeutically. Transcriptomic analysis of tumor tissue highlighted changes in the expression of various chemokines and inflammatory cytokines that drive the observed changes in tumor immunogenicity. The immunomodulatory capacity of MH was abrogated in IFNγ -deficient mice. Finally, bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that oral MH treatment induced unique changes in gut microbiota that may well underlie the IFN-dependent enhancement in tumor immunogenicity. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the immunostimulatory properties of MH and demonstrate its potential utilization in cancer prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Wound care is a challenging part of equine veterinary practice and there are a variety of wound dressings and strategies to manage wounds. Our goal was to ascertain the relative efficacy of honey when compared to common wound dressings as it pertains to reducing bacterial growth. This experiment was performed in a laboratory setting where different species of bacteria were grown in a simulated wound environment. These bacteria were then exposed to medical-grade Manuka honey, local honey, and commercial, food-grade honey as well as other commonly used wound dressings to see how effective each wound dressing was on reducing bacterial growth. Our results showed that polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB, a commonly used wound dressing) was best at reducing bacterial growth. Local honey out-performed Manuka and store-bought honeys. Interestingly, the most susceptible type of bacteria was harvested from an actual equine wound when compared to the lab-grown bacteria. We suspect that the complex wound environment plays a large role in determining the efficacy of wound dressings. Our results provide data to practitioners so they can decide how to best manage an infected wound based on the type of bacteria growing. Antimicrobial resistance is becoming a problem of concern in the veterinary field, necessitating the use of effective topical treatments to aid the healing of wounds. Honey has been used for thousands of years for its medicinal properties, but in recent years medical-grade Manuka honey has been used to treat infected wounds. The goal of this study was to determine the relative susceptibility of four common equine wound pathogens to ten different types of antimicrobial agents based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The pathogens studied include ATCC lab-acclimated Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and one from an equine sample submitted to the Colorado State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (Streptococcus zooepidemicus)). An additional goal of the study was to describe the comparison of bactericidal activity of medical-grade Manuka honey, local honey, and commercial, food-grade honey to other commonly used wound dressings (20% hypertonic saline, silver sulfadiazine cream, PHMB gauze, and PHMB foam). The objective is to provide veterinary practitioners with comparative data on the use of a variety of antimicrobial dressings for inhibiting the growth of common wound bacteria. MIC and MBC for Manuka, store, and local honeys were comparable to those of sterile gauze, sugar, and hypertonic saline. Across bacterial species, local honey proved to have more bactericidal activity when compared to Manuka honey and commercial, food-grade honey. The MIC and MBC for PHMB gauze and foam was consistently at a higher dilution compared to the other antimicrobials. The majority of antimicrobials exhibited stronger inhibitory and bactericidal activity against a Streptococcus zooepidemicus isolate obtained from a wound compared to other bacteria that were ATCC lab-acclimated. Additional research for in vivo applications needs to be done to see whether differences exist in effective wound management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An intellectual property right known as a Geographical Indication (GI) tag or certification is given to products that have unique characteristics attributed to a particular geographic area. GI tag supports sustainable beekeeping methods, preserves traditional knowledge, and to some extent boosts rural economy. Honey, which is mainly made up of glucose and fructose, varies depending on the flowers it originates from and the surroundings. Its physicochemical and nutritional qualities is enhanced by trace elements such minerals, amino acids and phenolic compounds and give it a wide variety of tastes and health advantages. Honeys from a single plant species, which frequently include GI tags, are highly valued because of their distinctive qualities. Manuka honey is one of most valued GI tagged honey of New Zealand which carry the distinctiveness and superiority of the region. India, 7th largest producer of honey in the world is actively promoting beekeeping with programs like National Beekeeping and Honey Mission. This article explores specific instances of India's GI-tagged honeys - Ramban Sulai honey and Marthandam honey, emphasizing its unique characteristics like flavour, functional components, etc. and cultural importance such as usage in traditional therapeutic preparations, cuisine, etc. It also looks at the current initiatives in the country to safeguard and promote local honey variations. To maintain long-term sustainability of honey and to maintain its provenance, quality and cultural legacy, there is need of continuous support for GI tagging initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress represents a ruthless complication of ß-thalassemia that worsens the severity of that medical condition. There is no conclusive evidence on the best antioxidant used for that issue. Our earlier clinical study concluded that Omega-3 and Manuka honey add-on to the conventional therapy had a potential therapeutic impact on reducing oxidative stress. However, there is no research evaluating their cost-effectiveness. This paper compares the cost-effectiveness of Omega-3 and Manuka honey supplementation to conventional therapy in treating oxidative stress among children with ß-thalassemia major. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cost-effectiveness evaluation of daily supplementation of Omega-3-Manuka honey and Manuka honey alone to the conventional therapy was performed. The economic evaluation was performed on data from a prospective 10-month randomized clinical trial. Fifty patients were recruited into the Omega-3-Manuka honey plus conventional therapy group, 50 patients were included in the Manuka honey alone plus conventional therapy group, and 50 patients receiving the conventional therapy alone served as a control group. Effectiveness measures from the randomized clinical trial were used to determine incremental effectiveness. Cost estimates were calculated from the healthcare payer's perspective. The analysis considered the improvement in oxidative stress biomarkers presented here as a percent change from baseline to determine the incremental effectiveness and cost for the treatment by both interventions. RESULTS: Adding Omega-3 or Manuka honey to conventional therapy was a more cost-effective add-on than conventional treatment alone. Omega-3-Manuka honey was more cost-effective than Manuka honey alone in treating oxidative stress in that condition. Oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly reduced with both experimental medications compared to the conventional therapy alone. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that using Manuka honey and Omega-3 as addon treatments for oxidative stress in pediatric ß-thalassemia disease could have significant cost-saving and clinical improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In order to improve skin healing, many substances have been used for topical application, honey being one of the oldest. More recently, a medical device, Dermapliq, has been available to treat skin lesions. We assessed these two substances, for use in the sutured skin of dogs and cats, by using cosmetic, clinical, ultrasonographical, and histological evaluation. Comparisons were made between each treatment and control, between the two treatments, and between dogs and cats. The results indicate that Dermapliq improves wound healing; however, Μanuka honey was less beneficial. Healing in cats differs from that of dogs, and cats have better cosmetic and clinical outcomes compared to dogs. This study aimed to compare incisional wound healing in cats and dogs after the topical application of Μanuka honey and a new medical device, Dermapliq. Comparisons were made between each treatment and control, between the two treatments, and between dogs and cats. Twelve cats and twelve dogs were included in this study, and the impact of the two substances was examined through cosmetic, clinical, ultrasonographical, and histological evaluation. The use of Dermapliq in first-intention wound healing achieved a significantly better cosmetic evaluation score and better total clinical score at days 20–41, compared to the control, in both dogs and cats. The ultrasonographically estimated wound area was smaller with Dermapliq compared to the control. Wounds treated with Dermapliq showed histologically less inflammation compared to the control. The use of Manuka honey did not show a significantly better cosmetic score compared to the control. Skin thickening was significantly higher after using Manuka honey compared to the control and so was the total clinical score. However, the median wound area, as was evaluated ultrasonographically, was significantly smaller when wounds were treated with Manuka honey, the difference being more apparent in dogs. Dermapliq was proven to be a better choice in achieving favorable wound healing than Manuka honey in dogs and cats in first-intention healing. In our study, cats had a statistically better cosmetic score and less skin thickening and scar width compared to dogs. Histologically, cats showed significantly less edema, higher inflammation and angiogenesis scores, and lower fibroblast and epidermis thickening scores when compared to dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: β-thalassemia major is microcytic hypochromic anemia disorder inherited from parents, resulting from a mutation in the β-globin locus. As a result, a quantitative defective hemoglobin synthesis and relative excess in α-globin is occurred. As such, frequent blood transfusion is required, that leads to iron overload. Iron overload results in several pathological complications, including cell death, tissue injury, organ dysfunction, and liver fibrosis. The present study examined the effectiveness of nigella Sativa and manuka honey combination or manuka honey alone to the conventional therapy (Deferasirox + blood transfusion) used for preventing and managing iron overload in pediatric β-thalassemia major patients. Methods: One hundred sixty-five patients participated in this randomized, double-blind, standard therapy-controlled, parallel-design multisite trial. The patients were randomly allocated into three groups, receiving either 500 mg nigella sativa oil combined with manuka honey lozenge (344 mg) daily or manuka honey alone plus the conventional therapy for ten treatment months. Ferritin level, serum iron, transferrin saturation, total iron binding capacity, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase were determined at baseline and month 10. Results: Eventually, serum ferritin and iron were decreased significantly in the nigella sativa + manuka honey group as compared with the control group. Other clinical parameters were significantly impacted. The level of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were significantly decreased in the nigella sativa plus manuka honey group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Results showed that nigella sativa plus manuka honey was more effective than manuka alone or the conventional treatment alone in managing iron overload of β-thalassemia major patients.

The antibiotic resistance (ABR) crisis is an urgent global health priority. Staphylococci are among the problematic bacteria contributing to this emergency owing to their recalcitrance to many clinically important antibiotics. Staphylococcal pathogenesis is further complicated by the presence of small colony variants (SCVs), a bacterial subpopulation displaying atypical characteristics including retarded growth, prolific biofilm formation, heightened antibiotic tolerance, and enhanced intracellular persistence. These capabilities severely impede current chemotherapeutics, resulting in chronic infections, poor patient outcomes, and significant economic burden. Tackling ABR requires alternative measures beyond the conventional options that have dominated treatment regimens over the past 8 decades. Non-antibiotic therapies are gaining interest in this arena, including the use of honey, which despite having ancient therapeutic roots has now been reimagined as an alternative treatment beyond just traditional topical use, to include the treatment of an array of difficult-to-treat staphylococcal infections. This literature review focused on Manuka honey (MH) and its efficacy as an anti-staphylococcal treatment. We summarized the studies that have used this product and the technologies employed to study the antibacterial mechanisms that render MH a suitable agent for the management of problematic staphylococcal infections, including those involving staphylococcal SCVs. We also discussed the status of staphylococcal resistance development to MH and other factors that may impact its efficacy as an alternative therapy to help combat ABR.

The problems with adverse effects of conventional treatments for a range of dermatological conditions have led scientists to search for new compounds of therapeutic value. Efforts have included the evaluation of natural products such as manuka honey, black olives, citrus extracts , pumpkin enzyme extracts for example, has been scientifically recognized for its anti-microbial and skin rejuvenation properties and is now used clinically as a part of medi-facials or as basic low strength peels for skin rejuvenation and for those with sensitive skin. We evaluated the effects of various organic peels on sixty patients over a period of six months by using a grading scale for following skin characteristics post peel procedure; smoothness, firmness, even coloration, normal texture and absence of active skin infections. The overall score in current study was showed that the effectiveness of mandelic peel was more when compared with other organic peels which showed significant difference (p value 0.033).

Introduction: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a carcinogenic cofactor for some epithelial and lymphoid cell malignancies. EBV is associated with most endemic forms of Burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In cell proliferation, the maintenance of the latent genome virus depends on the function of the Epstein–Barr Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA1) protein. EBNA1 is essential for the survival of primary B-lymphocytes after EBV infection. Manuka honey, black honey from the manuka tree, is in the spotlight for its biological composition and antiviral activity, namely flavonoids and polyphenolic components that provide antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant effects. This research is an alternative therapy for NPC that causes by EBV infection. Methods: A molecular docking approach was used to evaluate the activity of 17 active manuka honeybee product compounds for the ability to inhibit the EBNA1-EBV using the Chimera 1.16 program, SPHGEN program, SPHERE_SELECTOR program, SHOWBOX program, GRID program, and ANTECHAMBER program. Results: All 17 of the ligands demonstrated good binding affinity with the receptor in different ways. Three compounds had a strong binding affinity with a good grid score and may inhibit the EBNA1-EBV and replication of the virus. Conclusion: Leptosin has potential activity as an EBNA1 inhibitor candidate compound that may have potential for treatment of EBV latent infection. This is supported by a gridscore of −61.49 kcal/mol, which is close to the drug candidate (VK-0497), which has a gridscore of −63.32 kcal/mol.

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of a public health importance as it is continually evolving due to random mutations. New mutations can potentially affect the degree of infectiousness, virulence, and can increase the virus’ capability to evade adaptive immune responses of the body. Immunity is one of the key factors determining the extent of severity of SARS-CoV-2 patients. Therefore, thinking about natural remedies is the way to boost immunity, keep the body protected, and able to fight the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We aimed to make progress in the field of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nutraceuticals, thus providing a safe and natural alternative to traditional chemically manufactured medications. Methods The cytotoxic activity (CC50) of the natural products was tested experimentally in vitro on the VERO-E6 cells using a crystal violet assay. The cells were then treated with different concentrations of the natural products of Moringa oleifera leaves extract, cinnamon bark oil extract, Manuka honey, and Nigella sativa oil. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value and the CC50 value were calculated in order to measure the antiviral effect of on SARS-CoV-2 virus compared to antiviral Remdesivir drug. Results The tested natural products of honey and extracts exhibited pronounced virucidal effect against one of the most challenging viruses worldwide which is the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The results showed that the highest selectivity index was the Manuka honey + 20 UMF with SI of 10.23. The second sample following Manuka honey regarding its efficiency was the mixture of the three extracts with the honey (SI = 7.12), then followed by Remdesivir antiviral drug (SI = 3.3), then Moringa oleifera leaves extract (SI = 2.1). The last two products showing the least SI were Nigella sativa oil (SI = 1.6) and cinnamon bark oil (SI = 1.08), respectively. Conclusions Manuka honey + 20 UMF alone or combined with other three extracts of Moringa oleifera, Nigella sativa, and cinnamon bark oil have a much stronger in vitro antiviral effect on SARS-CoV-2 virus than the traditional antiviral drug Remdesivir. Further research will be needed to test the effectiveness of these natural products in vivo as an antiviral remedy against SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Chronic wounds are becoming an increasing burden on healthcare services, as they have extended healing times and are susceptible to infection, with many failing to heal, which can lead ultimately to amputation. Due to the additional rise in antimicrobial resistance and emergence of difficult-to-treat Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. (ESKAPE pathogens), novel treatments will soon be required asides from traditional antibiotics. Many natural substances have been identified as having the potential to aid in both preventing infection and increasing the speed of wound closure processes. Manuka honey is already in some cases used as a topical treatment in the form of ointments, which in conjunction with dressings and fish skin grafts are an existing US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment option. These existing treatment options indicate that fatty acids from fish oil and manuka honey are well tolerated by the body, and if the active components of the treatments were better understood, they could make valuable additions to topical treatment options. This review considers two prominent natural substances with established manufacturing and global distribution—marine based fatty acids (including their metabolites) and manuka honey—their function as antimicrobials and how they can aid in wound repair, two important aspects leading to resolution of chronic wounds.

The antioxidant capacity and nutritional value of honey are significantly dependent on the content of phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant properties and color of selected honeys and manuka honeys available in the Polish market. The results showed quantitative differences in phenolic acids, phenolic content and antioxidant activity between the honeys, indicating the influence of floral sources. Dark honeys, including buckwheat honey, showed increased phenolic content and superior antioxidant properties. The study revealed remarkable correlations between phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and color. Buckwheat honey showed higher antioxidant properties compared to manuka honey, which is highly valued in the current market. These results highlight the importance of further research into Polish buckwheat honey and advocate its wider consumption due to its high nutritional value and remarkable bioactive properties. In addition, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of honey diversity and highlights the potential importance of regional honey varieties in promoting health.

BackgroundTo investigate the potential of Manuka honey (MH) as an immunomodulatory agent in colorectal cancer (CRC) and dissect the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms.MethodsMH was administered orally over a 4 week-period. The effect of MH treatment on microbiota composition was studied using 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal pellets collected before and after treatment. Pretreated mice were implanted with CRC cells and followed for tumor growth. Tumors and lymphoid organs were analyzed by flow cytometry (FACS), immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Efficacy of MH was also assessed in a therapeutic setting, with oral treatment initiated after tumor implantation. We utilized IFNγ-deficient mice to determine the importance of interferon signaling in MH-induced immunomodulation.ResultsPretreatment with MH enhanced anti-tumor responses leading to suppression of tumor growth. Evidence for enhanced tumor immunogenicity included upregulated MHC class-II on intratumoral macrophages, enhanced MHC class-I expression on tumor cells and increased infiltration of effector T cells into the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, oral MH was also effective in retarding tumor growth when given therapeutically. Transcriptomic analysis of tumor tissue highlighted changes in the expression of various chemokines and inflammatory cytokines that drive the observed changes in tumor immunogenicity. The immunomodulatory capacity of MH was abrogated in IFNγ-deficient mice. Finally, bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that oral MH treatment induced unique changes in gut microbiota that may well underlie the IFN-dependent enhancement in tumor immunogenicity.ConclusionOur findings highlight the immunostimulatory properties of MH and demonstrate its potential utilization in cancer prevention and treatment.

Gastro‐esophageal reflux disease has systematically increase in Western countries over recent years. Health benefits of Manuka honey allows to use it for medical purposes, for example reduction of inflammation of gastrointestinal mucosa. Thus, the aim of research was the application of Manuka honey in treatment patients with Gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD). The study was conducted on a group of 30 patients, which consumed Manuka honey or placebo for a period of 4 weeks. The gastroscopy and histology has been made twice, that is before and after experiment. Furthermore, the symptoms reports and nutritional interviews have been collected. The endoscopical examination showed that in Manuka group the improvement was 73.3%. In the sub‐groups of esophagitis‐A and esophagitis‐B the improvement rate was 81.8%, and 50%, respectively. However, in the placebo group, the general improvement rate was much lower. The results have been confirmed in the histopathological examination. Moreover, it is worth noticing, that in sub‐group declaring non‐medication, the improvement was only for patients consuming Manuka honey. Changes of symptoms in subjective assessment of patients were evaluated after 2 and 4 weeks. The improvement rate in Manuka group was 86.7% and 100%, while in Placebo group it was only 26.7% and 40%, respectively. Manuka honey seems to be effective in GERD, which have been confirmed by subjective feelings of patients and by endoscopic and histopathologic examination. Our research is a pilot study before administration of Manuka honey to larger population. The results are promising and may facilitate the quality of life of patients with GERD. To the best of authors knowledge, there is no other study concerning the use of Manuka honey in gastro‐esophageal reflux disease. Manuka honey seems to be effective in Gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD), which have been confirmed by subjective feelings of patients and by endoscopic and histopathologic examination. Obtained results are very encouraging and may improve treatment of GERD and facilitate the quality of life of patients, for example relieving heartburn and regurgitation. Manuka honey combined with proper diet and drugs could be a triple therapy regimen for GERD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3,6,7-trimethyllumazine (Lepteridine™) is a newly discovered natural pteridine derivative unique to Mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) nectar and honey, with no previously reported biological activity. Pteridine derivative-based medicines, such as methotrexate, are used to treat auto-immune and inflammatory diseases, and Mānuka honey reportedly possesses anti-inflammatory properties and is used topically as a wound dressing. MMP-9 is a potential candidate protein target as it is upregulated in recalcitrant wounds and intestinal inflammation. Using gelatin zymography, 40 μg/mL LepteridineTM inhibited the gelatinase activities of both pro- (22%, p < 0.0001) and activated (59%, p < 0.01) MMP-9 forms. By comparison, LepteridineTM exerted modest (~10%) inhibition against a chromogenic peptide substrate and no effect against a fluorogenic peptide substrate. These findings suggest that LepteridineTM may not interact within the catalytic domain of MMP-9 and exerts a negligible effect on the active site hydrolysis of small soluble peptide substrates. Instead, the findings implicate fibronectin II domain interactions by LepteridineTM which impair gelatinase activity, possibly through perturbed tethering of MMP-9 to the gelatin matrix. Molecular modelling analyses were equivocal over interactions at the S1′ pocket versus the fibronectin II domain, while molecular dynamic calculations indicated rapid exchange kinetics. No significant degradation of synthetic or natural LepteridineTM in Mānuka honey occurred during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. MMP-9 regulates skin and gastrointestinal inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix remodelling. These results potentially implicate LepteridineTM bioactivity in Mānuka honey's reported beneficial effects on wound healing via topical application and anti-inflammatory actions in gastrointestinal disorder models via oral consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Staphylococci are among the list of problematic bacteria contributing to the global antibiotic resistance (ABR) crisis. Their ability to adopt the small colony variant (SCV) phenotype, induced by prolonged antibiotic chemotherapy, complicates staphylococcal infection control options. Novel and alternative approaches are needed to tackle staphylococcal infections and curb ABR. Manuka honey (MH), a non-antibiotic alternative is recognized for its unique antibacterial activity based on its methylglyoxal (MGO) component. Methods: In this study, MH (MGO 830+) was tested in combination with gentamicin (GEN), rifampicin (RIF), or vancomycin (VA) against staphylococcal wildtype (WT) and SCVs. To our knowledge, there are no current studies in the literature documenting the effects of MH on staphylococcal SCVs. While Staphylococcus aureus is well-studied for its international ABR burden, limited data exists demonstrating the effects of MH on S. epidermidis and S. lugdunensis whose pathogenic relevance and contribution to ABR is also rising. Results & discussion: The three staphylococci were most susceptible to RIF (0.06-0.24 mg/ml), then GEN (0.12-0.49 mg/ml), and lastly VA (0.49-0.96 mg/ml). The MICs of MH were 7%, 7-8%, and 6-7% (w/v), respectively. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) evaluations showed that the combined MH + antibiotic effect was either additive (FICI 1-2), or partially synergistic (FICI >0.5-1). While all three antibiotics induced SCVs in vitro, stable SCVs were observed in GEN treatments only. The addition of MH to these GEN-SCV-induction analyses resulted in complete suppression of SCVs (p<0.001) in all three staphylococci, suggesting that MH's antibacterial properties interfered with GEN's SCV induction mechanisms. Moreover, the addition of MH to growth cultures of recovered stable SCVs resulted in the inhibition of SCV growth by at least 99%, indicating MH's ability to prevent subsequent SCV growth. These in vitro analyses demonstrated MH's broad-spectrum capabilities not only in improving WT staphylococci susceptibility to the three antibiotics, but also mitigated the development and subsequent growth of their SCV phenotypes. MH in combination with antibiotics has the potential to not only resensitize staphylococci to antibiotics and consequently require less antibiotic usage, but in instances where prolonged chemotherapy is employed, the development and growth of SCVs would be hampered, providing a better clinical outcome, all of which mitigate ABR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of a public health importance as it is continually evolving due to random mutations. New mutations can potentially affect the degree of infectiousness, virulence, and can increase the virus' capability to evade adaptive immune responses of the body. Immunity is one of the key factors determining the extent of severity of SARS-CoV-2 patients. Therefore, thinking about natural remedies is the way to boost immunity, keep the body protected, and able to fight the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We aimed to make progress in the field of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nutraceuticals, thus providing a safe and natural alternative to traditional chemically manufactured medications. Methods: The cytotoxic activity (CC50) of the natural products was tested experimentally in vitro on the VERO-E6 cells using a crystal violet assay. The cells were then treated with different concentrations of the natural products of Moringa oleifera leaves extract, cinnamon bark oil extract, Manuka honey, and Nigella sativa oil. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value and the CC50 value were calculated in order to measure the antiviral effect of on SARS-CoV-2 virus compared to antiviral Remdesivir drug. Results: The tested natural products of honey and extracts exhibited pronounced virucidal effect against one of the most challenging viruses worldwide which is the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The results showed that the highest selectivity index was the Manuka honey + 20 UMF with SI of 10.23. The second sample following Manuka honey regarding its efficiency was the mixture of the three extracts with the honey (SI = 7.12), then followed by Remdesivir antiviral drug (SI = 3.3), then Moringa oleifera leaves extract (SI = 2.1). The last two products showing the least SI were Nigella sativa oil (SI = 1.6) and cinnamon bark oil (SI = 1.08), respectively. Conclusions: Manuka honey + 20 UMF alone or combined with other three extracts of Moringa oleifera, Nigella sativa, and cinnamon bark oil have a much stronger in vitro antiviral effect on SARS-CoV-2 virus than the traditional antiviral drug Remdesivir. Further research will be needed to test the effectiveness of these natural products in vivo as an antiviral remedy against SARS-CoV-2 virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honey has been used for centuries to reduce bacterial infection; Manuka honey (MH) possesses an additional antibacterial agent, Unique Manuka Factor (UMF). However, MH's physical properties challenge delivery to the wound site. Tissue-engineered scaffolds (cryogels/hydrogels) provide a potential vehicle for MH delivery, but effects on bacterial clearance and biofilm formation demand further examination. MH (0, 1, 5, or 10%) was incorporated into both chitosan-gelatin (1:4 ratio; 4%) cryogels and hydrogels. To assess physical changes, all scaffolds were imaged with scanning electron microscopy and subjected to swell testing to quantify pore size and rehydration potential, respectively. As MH concentration increased, both pore size and scaffold swelling capacity decreased. Both bacterial clearance and biofilm formation were also assessed, along with cellular infiltration. Bacterial clearance testing with S. aureus demonstrated that MH cryogels are superior to 0% control, indicating the potential to perform well against Gram-positive bacteria. However, higher concentrations of MH resulted in cell death over time. These results support our hypothesis that MH release from 5% cryogels would induce reduced viability for four bacteria species without compromising scaffold properties. These outcomes assist in the development of a standard of practice for incorporating MH into scaffolds and the evaluation of biofilm reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To establish a method to identify the authenticity of manuka honey, this study compared different methods of DNA extraction from mānuka honey pollen, and it developed a DNA extraction method for mānuka honey supernatant and a real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) method for the detection of plant-derived ingredients in mānuka honey, including plant internal control, mānuka and kānuka. By analyzing the specificity, sensitivity, detection limit and comparing with the method of the New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI), the feasibility, accuracy and equivalence of this method were confirmed. The proposed DNA detection method could replace the MPI method, not only shaking off the dependence on kits, but also making up for the deficiency of identifying mānuka honey pollen only. It has an important application value and scientific significance for the identification of mānuka honey.

Background: Neutrophils use both the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a specialized process called NETosis to defend the body from material deemed foreign. While these neutrophil behaviors are critical in preventing infection, a dysregulated response can lead to tissue damage and fibrosis at host-biomaterial interfaces. It was hypothesized that applying the flavonoids found in Manuka honey: chrysin, pinocembrin, and pinobanksin, and the phenolic compound methyl syringate to neutrophils exhibiting pro-inflammatory behavior will reduce ROS activity and prevent NETosis in primary human neutrophils. Methods: Using primary human neutrophils isolated from donor (n = 5) peripheral blood, concentrations between 1 nM and 10 µM of each flavonoid, 10 µM and 2 mM of methyl syringate, 0.1% v/v and 10% v/v Manuka honey, and combinations of both 1 nM–10 µM of each flavonoid and 10 µM–2 mM of methyl syringate were assayed for reductions in NETosis using Sytox orange extracellular DNA staining and reduction in intracellular ROS activity via standard dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) oxidation assay. Results: Compared to positive control levels, individual flavonoids showed moderate effect sizes. Higher concentrations of flavonoids, especially in combination, stimulated ROS activity by up to 105%. Whole Manuka honey reduced neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) levels by up to 91% but only reduced ROS activity by 36%. However, methyl syringate reduced NET levels by up to 68% and ROS activity by 66%. Conclusions: Methyl syringate and whole Manuka honey are potent inhibitors of neutrophil intracellular ROS activity and NET formation. Methyl syringate potentially drives the anti-inflammatory capabilities of Manuka honey demonstrated by previous studies.

There is debate about whether the honey from Leptospermum scoparium nectar in New Zealand is substantially different to honey from Leptospermum spp nectar from Australia; many Leptospermum honeys have high amounts of the antibacterial compound methylglyoxal (MGO) but are known to differ in their amounts of other metabolites. Retail honey samples labelled as ‘mānuka’, manuka, or ‘tea tree’ honey sourced from New Zealand (n = 34) and Australia (n = 35), were measured using laser assisted-rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry (REIMS) in positive and negative ionisation modes, with 1637 and 1744 molecular features detected, respectively. Country of origin was strongly reflected in the REIMS fingerprints irrespective of similarity of methylglyoxal, with >50% of detected features differing between New Zealand and Australian-sourced honey. Combined REIMS features in negative ionisation mode correlated strongly with current molecular markers of mānuka honey quality (r2 > 0.9). Leptospermum honey from New Zealand and Australia have distinct molecular fingerprints, potentially due to evolutionary and genomic differences between the predominant Leptospermum species, bees, environment and honey processing.

The combined use of honey and medicial plants has a history of traditional usage in various ailments. The present work is a scientific evaluation of honey and crude extracts of Seriphidium chitralense Pod (Sc) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) biofilms. Biofilms are intricate microbial communities linked with insistent infections showing increased antimicrobial and immunological resistance. The agar well diffusion (AWD) method has been used to determine antimicrobial activities. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the MIC of honey (Manuka and Gilgit honey) and different plant extracts against Pa. Both honey and extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against the test organism, in which Gilgit honey and aqueous extract showed significant antibacterial activity. In the case of AWD, Gilgit honey showed low activity at a concentration of 10%, while Manuka honey showed low activity at 5%. This study also reports the inhibitory effect of honey and medicinal plants on biofilm formation by Pa. The plant extract was prepared in ethyl acetate, methanol, and distilled water. Plant extract in distilled water showed maximum biofilm inhibition compared to methanol and ethyl acetate in M63 medium. MICs of honey with Sc extracts were determined to search for synergistic combinations against Pa, which showed anti-bacterial solid activity compared to honey and plant extract alone. Manuka honey, in combination with aqueous extracts, showed high activity (0.0266), and Gilgit honey, in combination with aqueous extracts, showed significant activity (0.0432) compared to the other Sc extracts. The results of this study revealed that honey-plant extract mixtures have the potential to serve as a cheap source of anti-bacterial agents in pharmaceutical formulations and alternative products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone tissue engineered scaffolds are designed to mimic the natural environment for regeneration when typical healing is inhibited. Autografts are the current gold standard for treatment but are limited by available bone and supplementary surgical sites that broaden complications and comorbidities. Cryogels are an ideal scaffold in bone regeneration due to their mechanical integrity and marcoporous structure that elicits angiogenesis and subsequently new bone tissue formation. To aid in bioactivity and osteoinductivity, manuka honey (MH) and bone char (BC) were added to gelatin and chitosan cryogels (CG). Manuka honey has powerful antimicrobial properties to aid against graft infection, and bone char is composed of 90% hydroxyapatite, a well‐studied bioactive material. These additives are natural, abundant, easy to use, and cost effective. CG cryogels incorporated with either BC or MH, and plain CG cryogels were implanted into rat calvarial fracture models for cortical bone regeneration analysis. We found indication of bioactivity with both bone char and manuka honey through the presence of woven bone structure in histology stains and micro computed tomography (microCT) data. Overall, plain CG cryogels supported greater bone regeneration capabilities than the BC or MH incorporated cryogels due to a lack of advanced organized tissue formation and collagen deposition after 8 weeks of implantation; however, future work should explore varying additive concentrations and delivery methods to further assess additive potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores convex stoma appliances, introduces Aura Plus Soft Convex (CliniMed) and presents three case studies of its use. Convexity applies pressure to flatten uneven peristomal skin and form an effective adhesive seal, as well as increase protrusion of a poorly spouted stoma. This reduces the risk of leaks and peristomal skin damage, as well as minimising accessory use. Excess pressure can damage the skin, so convexity should be used with caution at the appropriate depth and firmness for the ostomate's body profile and stomal complications. Aura Plus Soft Convex has a soft and flexible baseplate for easy application and adherence, as well as a unique shape, comfort curves and a large adhesive area to reduce creases and leaks. The hydrocolloid contains Manuka honey to promote skin health, and integral belt loops offer additional security. The case studies show how this appliance can restore peristomal skin integrity and relieve stoma-related anxiety; provide gentle support for a flush stoma and a rounded abdomen; and prevent leaks and improve quality of life after years of stoma-related complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manuka honey plays a significant role in modern medical applications as an antibacterial, antiviral, and antibiotic agent. However, although the importance of manuka honey is well documented in the literature, information regarding its physicochemical characteristics remains limited. Moreover, so far, only a few papers address this issue in conjunction with the examination of the pollen composition of manuka honey samples. Therefore, in this study, two parameters crucial for honey quality control—the diastase number (DN) and the hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content—as well as the melissopalynological analysis of manuka honey, were examined. The research found a large variation in the percentage of Leptospermum scoparium pollen in honeys labeled and sold as manuka honeys. Furthermore, a significant proportion of these honeys was characterized by a low DN. However, since low diastase activity was not associated with low HMF content, manuka honey should not be considered as a honey with naturally low enzymatic activity. Overall, the DN and HMF content results indicate that the quality of commercially available manuka honey is questionable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]