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This book addresses the vital importance of reshoring US manufacturing capability to ensure economic and military security and then discusses the proven methods that the United States used to gain manufacturing supremacy in the first place. The vital takeaway is: If the job can be made sufficiently productive, the per-unit labor cost ceases to be relevant which means a business can pay high wages, realize high profits, and deliver low prices simultaneously. The contest is then not between high wages and cheap labor, but between efficiency and inefficiency and, when automation is involved, machine against machine. Readers will be able to put these principles to work very quickly to achieve tangible results. The relatively low Federal minimum wage has meanwhile become a major issue, but inflation skyrocketed in the second quarter of 2022 when higher wages, and higher demand for goods and services, were not matched with higher productivity. The book addresses the relationship between the money supply and the velocity of money to prices, wages, and productivity. A manufacturing resurgence in the United States will not only increase our standard of living enormously but generate taxable economic activity that will help pay down rather than increase the Federal debt. Higher productivity also delivers a greater supply of goods to accompany higher wages, and thus works against inflation. This can prevent looming recessions and disruptions.

In Out of Stock, Dara Orenstein delivers an ambitious and engrossing account of that most generic and underappreciated site in American commerce and industry: the warehouse. She traces the progression from the nineteenth century's bonded warehouses to today's foreign-trade zones, enclaves where goods can be simultaneously on US soil and off US customs territory. Orenstein contends that these zones—nearly 800 of which are scattered across the country—are emblematic of why warehouses have begun to supplant factories in the age of Amazon and Walmart. Circulation is so crucial to the logistics of how and where goods are made that it is increasingly inseparable from production, to the point that warehouses are now some of the most pivotal spaces of global capitalism. Drawing from cultural geography, cultural history, and political economy, Out of Stock nimbly demonstrates the centrality of warehouses for corporations, workers, cities, and empires.

Written by a working CEO who increased earnings in some of the companies he led by 400 percent, this book provides a real-world prescription for prosperity and growth for any company, in any industry.For nearly two decades, America's industrial manufacturing sector has been in decline—and as a result, the nation's prosperity and strength is at risk. Meanwhile, China's manufacturing capabilities and competence continue to grow, threatening to overtake America as the world's most powerful and prosperous nation. Drawing on straightforward principles that can effectively be applied to a broad spectrum of manufacturing companies, author Steven L. Blue taps his leadership skills and proven processes honed over his career of growing companies—and saving them—to offer readers an inspiring vision for revitalizing the entire manufacturing sector.Using case studies and examples from his own experiences, both at Miller Ingenuity and in other roles earlier in his career, the author organizes his lessons in leadership, strategy, and change management into seven values of ingenuity: innovation, excellence, commitment, community, teamwork, respect, and integrity. The book explains how this highly integrated system of operating values can be implemented to turn around a company (if needed) or to propel it to extraordinary growth and prosperity.

One of America's greatest strengths is its manufacturing know-how. Many companies, however, send jobs off shore to other countries. This causes a number of issues relating to employment, trade, and the county's economy. This book discusses whether there is a strong American workforce available for new manufacturing jobs, whether American youths are interested in manufacturing, and whether the United States can compete with overseas manufacturers.

Accurately determining how much of our economy's total production is American-made can be a daunting task. However, data from the Commerce Department's U.S. Census Bureau and the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) can help shed light on the dollar value of what America produces, and what percentage of the dollar value of an industry's output that is considered domestic. Gross output, value added, domestically-sourced inputs, and domestic content are all concepts that can be used to measure U.S. production and to estimate how much of that production is made in the United States. This book starts with the concept of gross output and then looks further, seeking to answer the question: “What is Made in America?”

The United States has been the leading producer of manufactured goods for more than 100 years, and the manufacturing sector is once again adding jobs and opening new factories at its fastest rate in two decades. The United States has long thrived as a result of its ability to manufacture goods and sell them to global markets. Manufacturing drives knowledge production and innovation in the United States by supporting two]thirds of private sector research and development and by employing the vast majority of U.S. scientists, engineers, and technicians to invent and produce new products. Yet, in the 2000fs, manufacturing faced major employment declines as factories were shuttered. U.S. strengths in manufacturing innovation and technologies that have sustained American leadership in manufacturing are under threat from new and growing competition abroad. This book discusses the efforts and recommendations for accelerating advanced manufacturing in America.

The use of additive manufacturing has increased significantly in previous years. Additive manufacturing is used by multiple industry subsectors, including motor vehicles, aerospace, machinery, electronics, and medical products. Currently, however, additive manufactured products represent less than one percent of all manufactured products in the U.S. As the costs of additive manufacturing systems decrease, this technology may change the way that consumers interact with producers. Additive manufacturing technology opens up new opportunities for the economy and society. It can facilitate the customized production of strong light-weight products and it allows designs that were not possible with previous manufacturing techniques. This book provides aggregate manufacturing industry data and industry subsector data to develop a quantitative depiction of the U.S. additive manufacturing industry.

Innovation in the United States has been one of the driving forces in our development as one of the leading economies in the world. Small companies comprise the overwhelming majority of all businesses in the United States and they must be able to effectively and efficiently bring their innovative products and services to market and grow. In this book, the U.S. Small Business Administration's Office of Advocacy focuses on additive manufacturing (also referred to as 3D printing) to determine if barriers, best practices, and big ideas found in that industry are instructive for technology industries generally. Moreover, small firms play an increasingly important role in U.S. manufacturing, and now account for almost half of America's manufacturing employment. Dense networks of these small manufacturers are vital to the process of taking a product from concept to market, and the exchange of manufacturing know-how across suppliers is essential for the diffusion of the new products and innovative processes that give U.S. manufacturing its cutting edge. However, these small firms face barriers to innovation, a key element in strengthening U.S. competitiveness. The book describes these barriers, and offers suggestions about ways to increase innovation by small manufacturers and improve the flow of innovation and information within supply chains. Furthermore, the accelerator phenomenon has been cited nationally and internationally as a key contributor to the rate of business startup success. Accelerators select and invite a small group of entrepreneurs to startup boot camps, providing mentoring, resources, and, most important, industry connections during these programs. This book aims to help entrepreneurs and policymakers by categorizing a variety of startup assistance programs to determine what factors distinguish accelerators from other programs, as well as create a starting point for developing meaningful metrics to determine the relevance of accelerators for policymakers.

Reports from an ambitious MIT research project that makes the case for encouraging the colocation of manufacturing and innovation.Production in the Innovation Economy emerges from several years of interdisciplinary research at MIT on the links between manufacturing and innovation in the United States and the world economy. Authors from political science, economics, business, employment and operations research, aeronautics and astronautics, and nuclear engineering come together to explore the extent to which manufacturing is key to an innovative and vibrant economy. Chapters include survey research on gaps in worker skill development and training; discussions of coproduction with Chinese firms and participation in complex manufacturing projects in China; analyses of constraints facing American start-up firms involved in manufacturing; proposals for a future of distributed manufacturing and a focus on product variety as a marker of innovation; and forecasts of powerful advanced manufacturing technologies on the horizon. The chapters show that although the global distribution of manufacturing is not an automatic loss for the United States, gains from the colocation of manufacturing and innovation have not disappeared. The book emphasizes public policy that encourages colocation through, for example, training programs, supplements to private capital, and interfirm cooperation in industry consortia. Such approaches can help the United States not only to maintain manufacturing capacity but also, crucially, to maximize its innovative potential.Contributors Joyce Lawrence, Richard K. Lester, Richard M. Locke, Florian Metzler, Jonas Nahm, Paul Osterman, Elisabeth B. Reynolds, Donald B. Rosenfeld, Hiram M. Samel, Sanjay E. Sarma, Edward S. Steinfeld, Andrew Weaver, Rachel L. Wellhausen, Olivier de Weck

In his new book, Bill Killingsworth documents the decline of economic and intellectual wealth caused by the loss of U.S. Manufacturing. His thought provoking analysis of this empirical data leads us back to the answers to save ourselves and generations to come. —Rick Jarman, President and Chief Executive Officer, National Center for Manufacturing Sciences Exceptional book—timely and insightful. His analysis is spot on, examples persuasive, and recommendations worth consideration at the highest level. A call to action we cannot ignore. —James Rogers, Major General (Retired), U.S. Army Drawing on his extensive experience, thorough research and obvious sense of responsibility, Dr. Killingsworth provides a comprehensive and provocative case for the importance of American manufacturing. This timely work should be required reading for anyone engaged with forming or leading economic policy. —Ralph L. Resnick, President and Executive Director, NCDMM, Founding Director, America Makes Dr. Killingsworth presents clear arguments as to why manufacturing is essential to the United States, and how our nation can capture, benefit, and drive the future of the world economy via embracing global concepts of manufacturing and taking the lead on innovating its future. —Thomas R. Kurfess, PhD, PE, Professor and HUSCO/Ramirez Distinguished Chair in Fluid Power and Motion Control, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Killingsworth paints one of the most definitive pictures of what has been happening over the last several years in the U.S. manufacturing sector. His statistical analysis and compelling anecdotal evidence contribute invaluable insights for scholars and policymakers alike. This is a must-read in Washington and around the country. —Neal Orringer, Vice President, Alliances and Partnerships, 3DSYSTEMS

An argument that America's economy needs a strong and innovative manufacturing sector and the jobs it creates.In Made in the USA, Vaclav Smil powerfully rebuts the notion that manufacturing is a relic of predigital history and that the loss of American manufacturing is a desirable evolutionary step toward a pure service economy. Smil argues that no advanced economy can prosper without a strong, innovative manufacturing sector and the jobs it creates. Smil explains how manufacturing became a fundamental force behind America's economic, strategic, and social dominance. He describes American manufacturing's rapid rise at the end of the nineteenth century, its consolidation and modernization between the two world wars, its role as an enabler of mass consumption after 1945, and its recent decline. Some economists argue that shipping low-value jobs overseas matters little because the high-value work remains in the United States. But, asks Smil, do we want a society that consists of a small population of workers doing high-value-added work and masses of unemployed? Smil assesses various suggestions for solving America's manufacturing crisis, including lowering corporate tax rates, promoting research and development, and improving public education. Will America act to preserve and reinvigorate its manufacturing? It is crucial to our social and economic well-being; but, Smil warns, the odds are no better than even.

The Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)—a program of the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)—has sought for more than two decades to strengthen American manufacturing. It is a national network of affiliated manufacturing extension centers and field offices located throughout all fifty states and Puerto Rico. Qualified MEP Centers work directly with small and medium manufacturing firms in their state or sub-state region, providing expertise, services and assistance directed to foster growth, improve supply chain positioning, leverage emerging technologies, upgrade manufacturing processes, develop work force training, and apply and implement new information. Strengthening American Manufacturing: The Role of the Manufacturing Extension Partnership is the summary of a symposium convened to review current operations and some of the recent MEP initiatives in the broader context of global manufacturing trends and the opportunities for high-value manufacturing companies. Business leaders, academic experts, and state and federal officials addressed the metrics and impacts of MEP and identified potential areas of improvement. The meeting drew attention to the scale and focuses of MEP, and highlighted the role it plays in supporting and enabling U.S. manufacturers to compete more effectively in the global marketplace. This report includes an overview of key issues raised at this workshop and a detailed summary of the conference presentations.

The Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) - a program of the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology - has sought for more than two decades to strengthen American manufacturing. It is a national network of affiliated manufacturing extension centers and field offices located throughout all fifty states and Puerto Rico. Funding for MEP Centers comes from a combination of federal, state, local and private resources. Centers work directly with manufacturing firms in their state or sub-state region. MEP Centers provide expertise, services and assistance directed toward improving growth, supply chain positioning, leveraging emerging technologies, improving manufacturing processes, work force training, and the application and implementation of information in client companies through direct assistance provided by Center staff and from partner organizations and third party consultants. 21st Century Manufacturing seeks to generate a better understanding of the operation, achievements, and challenges of the MEP program in its mission to support, strengthen, and grow U.S. manufacturing. This report identifies and reviews similar national programs from abroad in order to draw on foreign practices, funding levels, and accomplishments as a point of reference and discusses current needs and initiatives in light of the global focus on advanced manufacturing,

This book is a study on the developments of a strategic plan to guide Federal programs and activities in support of advanced manufacturing research and development. Advanced manufacturing is a matter of fundamental importance to the economic strength and national security of the United States. Analysis of patterns and trends in U.S. advanced manufacturing reveals both opportunities for Federal policy to accelerate the development of this vital sector and challenges to its continuing health. The acceleration of innovation for advanced manufacturing requires bridging a number of gaps in the present U.S. innovation system, particularly the gap between research and development (R&D) activities and the deployment of technological innovations in domestic production of goods. The strategic plan discussed in this book lays out a robust innovation policy that would help to close these gaps and address the full lifecycle of technology.

Over the last decade, the United States lost about one-third of its manufacturing jobs, raising concerns about U.S. manufacturing competitiveness. There may be insights to glean from government policies of similarly-situated countries, which are facing some of the same challenges of increased competition in manufacturing from developing countries. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) was asked to identify innovative foreign programs that support manufacturing that may help inform U.S. policy. Specifically, GAO examined (1) government strategies and programs other advanced economies have implemented to approach issues similar to those facing U.S. manufacturing, and (2) the key distinctions between government approaches to support manufacturing in other advanced economies and those in the United States. Based on input from experts and federal officials, and an analysis of manufacturing programs in other advanced countries, the GAO selected Canada, Germany, Japan, and South Korea for study. In each country, GAO interviewed program officials and reviewed documents describing their programs. This book examines and identifies distinctions between foreign and U.S. approaches to supporting manufacturing. The GAO researched comparable programs in the United States, and interviewed staff administering those programs.

A high percentage of many raw and semi-finished materials critical to U.S. manufacturing are imported. China is the controlling producer of 11 of these materials and has instituted export restrictions that have led to two-tier pricing, creating pressure to move manufacturing to China. This report suggests the need for actions to mitigate the impact of such market distortions on the global manufacturing sector.

Consumer Americas 2013 helps you to identify consumer market trends in North America and Latin America. The book has market size statistics for hundreds of consumer products in 14 countries in the region. Now in its 20th edition, there are six years of historic consumer market sizes (2006-2011) with forecasts to 2016. The statistics range from toys and games market sizes to food and drinks. Discover the fastest growing markets, those that are static and those in decline.

This book details how manufacturing developed in America through the industrial revolution and labor movement, analyzes the impact of outsourcing offshore and our nation's trade policies, looks at what various organizations are doing to try to help save American manufacturing, and what we can do as individuals from the perspective of business owners, employees, consumers, and voters to save American manufacturing. Author Michele NashHoff argues that we will not be able to save American manufacturing unless we develop a national manufacturing strategy and change our trade policies. She supports a “Buy American” policy, recommends preventing the sale of strategic U.S.owned companies to foreign companies, and enacting legislation to prevent corporations from avoiding income taxes by incorporating in a foreign country. The 2012 edition also describes the'Reshoring Initiative'and considers the reasons why companies are returning manufacturing back to America from Asia.

The research incorporated in this monograph was initially undertaken as part of a Ph. D. dissertation submitted to the University of lllinois in 1973. Revisions were accomplished at the University of Delaware. I want to gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Hugh O. Nourse who suggested the investigation, Paul Chouinard who ably and accurately translated verbal instructions into computer programmes, and Harold F. Williamson, Jr. and Peter Nijkamp who commented atlength on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Rapid and accurate typing of several drafts of the manuscript and valuable editorial assistance were provided by my wife, Sally M. Latham. Contents PREFACE vii xi LIST OF TABLES 1. INTRODUCTION 1 The need for industrial location analysis 2 Concentration on disaggregated manufacturing activity 3 The location of economic activity 5 The factors of location approach 6 Agglomerative economies as location factors 9 Outline of following chapters 11 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE DATA BASE 13 Regions used 13 Location data 15 Industrial linkage data 19 Summary 22 3. MEASUREMENT OF FACTORS INFLUENCING INDUSTRIAL LOCATION 23 Nonrandomness in location 23 The orientation of industries 27 Labor orientation 28 Market orientation 34 Material orientation 35 Agglomerative economy orientation 38 Summary 43 46 4.

The United States is one of the world's most open economies. In 2010, the average U.S. tariff on all goods remained near its historic low of 1.3 percent, on an import-weighted basis, essentially unchanged from the previous update in 2009. Nonetheless, significant restraints on trade remain in certain sectors. The U.S. International Trade Commission estimates that U.S. economic welfare, as defined by total public and private consumption, would increase by about $2.6 billion annually by 2015 if the United States unilaterally ended all significant restraints. Exports would expand by $9.0 billion and imports by $11.5 billion. This book measures the effects of unilateral liberalization of U.S. import restraints and the effects on the U.S. economy when both the United States and its trading partners engage in reciprocal liberalization.

The health of American manufacturing has been a cause of real concern during the 1980s. Foreign competition, hostile takeovers, new technologies and a host of other factors have caused dramatic changes in this key sector of the American economy. Many ob­ servers of this process of change are singing the'rust belt blues,'consigning U.S. manufacturing greatness to the history books. In April 1986, the Center for the Study of American Business at Washington University issued a study by its director, Dr. Murray L. Weidenbaum, which challenged this perception of American manu­ facturing's future. The report, entitled Learning to Compete, pointed to a variety of positive developments resulting from the ad­ versity faced by American firms in the first half of the decade: pro­ ducers had improved quality and productivity, reduced costs, and in­ creased emphasis on R&D. In November 1988, as a logical extension of this research, the Center held a conference on American Manufacturing in the 1990s. Focusing on American responses to the changing global competitive environment, this conference brought together the practical experi­ ence of business professionals and the more detached views of aca­ demic and media experts. In a day and a half of meetings, encompassing six separate ses­ sions, a luncheon address and an after-dinner debate, conference participants assembled an extensive profile on the state of U.S.

The health of the U.S. manufacturing sector has long been of great concern to Congress. The decline in manufacturing employment since the start of the 21st century has stimulated particular congressional interest. Members have introduced hundreds of bills intended to support domestic manufacturing activity in various ways. The proponents of such measures frequently contend that the United States is by various measure falling behind other countries in manufacturing, and they argue that this relative decline can be mitigated or reversed by government policy. This book informs the debate over the health of U.S. manufacturing through a series of charts and tables that depict the position of the United States relative to other countries according to various metrics. Understanding which trends in manufacturing reflect factors that may be unique to the United States and which are related to broader changes in technology or consumer preferences may be helpful in formulating policies intended to aid firms or workers engaged in manufacturing activity.

The health of the U.S. manufacturing sector has been a long-standing concern of Congress. Although Congress has established a wide variety of tax preferences, direct subsidies, import restraints and other federal programs with the goal of retaining or recapturing manufacturing jobs, only a small proportion of U.S. workers are now employed in factories. Meanwhile, U.S. factories have stepped up production of goods that require high technological sophistication but relatively little direct labor. Labor productivity in manufacturing, as measured by government data, has grown rapidly, suggesting that the manufacturing sector as a whole remains healthy. This book explores manufacturing trends in the United States with a focus on job creation in the manufacturing revival; the manufacturing extension partnership program; globalized supply chains and offshore outsourcing.

Consumer Americas 2012 has market sizes for hundreds of consumer products with data for six years (2005-2010) and forecasts to 2016. Research ranges from toys and games to food and drinks. Discover the fastest growing markets, those that are static and those in decline.

Manufacturing Possibilities examines adjustment dynamics in the steel, automobile and machinery industries in Germany, the U.S., and Japan since World War II. As national industrial actors in each sector try to compete in global markets, the book argues that they recompose firm and industry boundaries, stakeholder identities and interests, and governance mechanisms at all levels of their political economies. Micro level study of industrial transformation in this way provides a significant window on macro level processes of political economic change in the three societies. Theoretically, the book marks a departure from both neoliberal economic and historical institutionalist perspectives on change in advanced political economies. It characterizes industrial change as a creative, bottom-up process driven by reflective social actors. This alternative view consists of two distinctive claims. The first is that action is social, reflective, and ultimately creative. When their interactive habits are disrupted, industrial actors seek to repair their relations by reconceiving them. Such imaginative interaction redefines interest and causes unforeseen possibilities for action to emerge, enabling actors to trump existing rules and constraints. Second, industrial change driven by creative action is recompositional. In the social process of reflection, actors rearrange, modify, reconceive, and reposition inherited organizational forms and governance mechanisms as they experiment with solutions to the challenges that they face. Continuity in relations is interwoven with continuous reform and change. Most remarkably, creativity in the recomposition process makes the introduction of entirely new practices and relations possible. Ultimately, the message of Manufacturing Possibilities is that social study of change in advanced political economies should devote itself to the discovery of possibility. Preoccupation with constraint and failure to appreciate the capaciousness of reflective social action has led much of contemporary debate to misrecognize the dynamics of change. As a result, discussion of the range of adjustment possibilities in advanced political economies has been unnecessarily limited.

Americanizing Japanese Firms examines the concept of corporate social responsibility in Japanese manufacturing companies within the United States. The study compares the corporate philanthropy of Japanese companies against American and British companies. Specifically, the study investigates characteristics of Japanese companies that influence the level and nature of the corporate philanthropy undertaken. The relationship between size of the company and the level and nature of corporate social responsibility is also examined. Finally, the study explores how Japanese corporations learn about the American approach of corporate philanthropy. In his investigations, the author considered two contexts: first, the constitutions of Japan and the United States are analyzed at a national level to determine the position or importance of corporate philanthropy within the societies comparatively; and second, the communities in which corporations are located and act for social contribution are investigated.

American manufacturing is in obvious crisis: the sector lost three million jobs between 2000 and 2003 as the American trade deficit shot to record highs. Manufacturers have increasingly decentralized productive responsibilities to armies of supplier firms, both domestically and abroad. Many have speculated as to whether or not manufacturing is even feasible in the United States, given the difficulties. Josh Whitford's book examines the issues behind this crisis, looking at the emergence of a'new old economy', in which relationships between firms have become much more important. Whitford shows that discussion of this shift, in the media and in the academic literature, hits on the right issues - globalization, de-industrialization, and the outsourcing of production in marketized and in network relationships - but in an overly polarized way that obscures as much as it enlightens. Drawing on the results of extensive interviews conducted with manufacturers in the American Upper Midwest, Whitford shows that the range of possibilities is more complex and contingent than is usually recognised. Highlighting heretofore unexamined elements of constraint, contradiction, and innovation that characterize contemporary network production models, Whitford shakes received understandings in economic and organizational sociology, comparative political economy, and economic geography to reveal ways in which the American economic development apparatus can be adjusted to better meet the challenges of a highly decentralized production regime.

Evolving rapidly from a mass-produced product orientation to a flexible, solutions-oriented model, the changing manufacturing sector is poised to lead a global economic recovery. Truly an insider's guide to the future of this critical sector, this book provides policy recommendations based on a wealth of information.Despite the appearance of difficult economic times for U.S. manufacturing, that sector of the American economy is actually the most innovative and competitive in the world. Far from being confined to the tired stereotype of Industrial Age commodities, such as steel and mass-produced consumer products, U.S. manufacturing has long been an engine for growth. In the 1990s, this central role was strengthened as new technology development and application spurred higher levels of growth throughout the economy. In its present configuration, manufacturing includes such high-tech industries as fiberoptics and microchips. Globalization has accelerated the growth of the manufacturing sector by increasing competitive pressures to cut costs and develop new products faster, spreading out the fixed costs of R&D and investment.Truly an insider's guide to the future of this critical sector, this book provides policy recommendations based on a wealth of information. Evolving rapidly from a mass-produced product orientation to a flexible, solutions-oriented model, the changing manufacturing sector is poised to lead a global economic recovery. But it can do so only if the right policies are in place in the United States. To that end, the editors of this volume recommend fiscal and tort reform, higher educational achievement, and continued deregulation. At the international level, further trade liberalization and steps to reduce the trade deficit are recommended to ensure the staying power of U.S. competitiveness, particularly for technology-intensive industries.

Für viele Mitarbeiter ist es das entscheidende Feld für ihren beruflichen Erfolg: das Projektmanagement. Trotz großen Bedarfs hat es in diesem Bereich seit etwa 50 Jahren keine wirklichen methodischen Neuerungen mehr gegeben. Das hat nun ein Ende: mit Eliyahu Goldratts Konzept der »Kritischen Kette«.

Includes index.

In this volume in the NBER series on capital formation and financing, the authors show, with supporting figures, two major trends in mining and manufacturing. The first is that this sector had a rate of growth significantly higher than that of the economy as a whole. The total capital assets of this sector increased fifteenfold from 1880 to 1948, while the total stock of all tangible wealth in the United States increased only about sixfold. The second trend is a marked diversity among industries in the rate of growth over the period and in the time pattern of that rate. The authors advance a number of explanatory hypotheses about the significance of their findings.Originally published in 1960.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

On the basis of discussions and analysis of the current environment for international competition, this book was written to dispel misconceptions regarding the motivating forces behind internationalization and, therefore, to improve understanding of both the challenges and the opportunities of a global market and production base. Important consequences of internationalization for both manufacturers and national policy are described. The volume provides an assessment of what it takes to be successful as manufacturers and as a nation in the international competitive environment.

Conventional wisdom holds that high wages, high capital costs, and worker inflexibility have cost America its ability to compete in the world manufacturing marketplace. This book demonstrates that U.S.-based manufacturing can compete in terms of quality, product features, and timely delivery—the real measures of competitiveness in the 1990s. The committee identifies attributes that attract manufacturers to given locations and assesses the attractiveness of the United States as a location for different kinds of manufacturing. The volume dispels myths that have guided management decision making in the past and offers recommendations to promote the United States as a manufacturing site. The volume discusses new approaches to understanding and controlling costs. With case studies from three important industries—consumer electronics, semiconductors, and automobiles—the book explores factors in site location decisions, highlighting advantages the United States can offer as a manufacturing site over low-cost rivals.