34 results on '"Manuela Friedrich"'
Search Results
2. Sleep-dependent memory consolidation in infants protects new episodic memories from existing semantic memories
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Manuela Friedrich, Matthias Mölle, Angela D. Friederici, and Jan Born
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Science - Abstract
In infants, superiority of semantic over episodic memory formation has been postulated. Here, authors show that both types of memory coexist in one-year-olds, with consolidation during sleep affecting whether an experienced event is recognized as a detailed episode or as general semantic knowledge.
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- 2020
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3. Word Learning in 6-Month-Olds: Fast Encoding-Weak Retention.
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Manuela Friedrich and Angela D. Friederici
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- 2011
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4. The processing of prosody: Evidence of interhemispheric specialization at the age of four.
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Isabell Wartenburger, Jens Steinbrink, Silke Telkemeyer, Manuela Friedrich, Angela D. Friederici, and Hellmuth Obrig
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- 2007
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5. Neural Correlates of Syntactic Processing in Two-Year-Olds.
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Regine Oberecker, Manuela Friedrich, and Angela D. Friederici
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- 2005
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6. Phonotactic Knowledge and Lexical-Semantic Processing in One-year-olds: Brain Responses to Words and Nonsense Words in Picture Contexts.
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Manuela Friedrich and Angela D. Friederici
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- 2005
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7. Sleep-dependent memory consolidation in infants protects new episodic memories from existing semantic memories
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Jan Born, Angela D. Friederici, Manuela Friedrich, and Matthias Mölle
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Science ,Memory, Episodic ,Neurophysiology ,Sleep, REM ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Psychology ,Humans ,Semantic memory ,Evoked Potentials ,Declarative memory ,Episodic memory ,Memory Consolidation ,Multidisciplinary ,Event (computing) ,Infant ,General Chemistry ,Semantics ,Nap ,030104 developmental biology ,Female ,Memory consolidation ,Sleep (system call) ,Sleep ,Consolidation ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Any experienced event may be encoded and retained in detail as part of our episodic memory, and may also refer and contribute to our generalized knowledge stored in semantic memory. The beginnings of this declarative memory formation are only poorly understood. Even less is known about the interrelation between episodic and semantic memory during the earliest developmental stages. Here, we show that the formation of episodic memories in 14- to 17-month-old infants depends on sleep, subsequent to exposure to novel events. Infant brain responses reveal that, after sleep-dependent consolidation, the newly stored events are not processed semantically, although appropriate lexical-semantic memories are present and accessible by similar events that were not experienced before the nap. We propose that temporarily disabled semantic processing protects precise episodic memories from interference with generalized semantic memories. Selectively restricted semantic access could also trigger semantic refinement, and thus, might even improve semantic memory., In infants, superiority of semantic over episodic memory formation has been postulated. Here, authors show that both types of memory coexist in one-year-olds, with consolidation during sleep affecting whether an experienced event is recognized as a detailed episode or as general semantic knowledge.
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- 2020
8. The reciprocal relation between sleep and memory in infancy: Memory‐dependent adjustment of sleep spindles and spindle‐dependent improvement of memories
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Angela D. Friederici, Matthias Mölle, Jan Born, and Manuela Friedrich
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Paper ,Adult ,Male ,Memory, Long-Term ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Intelligence ,Sleep spindle ,Affect (psychology) ,050105 experimental psychology ,memory ,Encoding (memory) ,Generalization (learning) ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Sleep and memory ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,sleep ,generalization ,learning ,05 social sciences ,Infant ,Electroencephalography ,sleep spindles ,Semantics ,Nap ,Knowledge ,Papers ,Female ,Sleep (system call) ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,consolidation ,Reciprocal ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
Sleep spindle activity in infants supports their formation of generalized memories during sleep, indicating that specific sleep processes affect the consolidation of memories early in life. Characteristics of sleep spindles depend on the infant's developmental state and are known to be associated with trait‐like factors such as intelligence. It is, however, largely unknown which state‐like factors affect sleep spindles in infancy. By varying infants’ wake experience in a within‐subject design, here we provide evidence for a learning‐ and memory‐dependent modulation of infant spindle activity. In a lexical‐semantic learning session before a nap, 14‐ to 16‐month‐old infants were exposed to unknown words as labels for exemplars of unknown object categories. In a memory test on the next day, generalization to novel category exemplars was tested. In a nonlearning control session preceding a nap on another day, the same infants heard known words as labels for exemplars of already known categories. Central–parietal fast sleep spindles increased after the encoding of unknown object–word pairings compared to known pairings, evidencing that an infant's spindle activity varies depending on its prior knowledge for newly encoded information. Correlations suggest that enhanced spindle activity was particularly triggered, when similar unknown pairings were not generalized immediately during encoding. The spindle increase triggered by previously not generalized object–word pairings, moreover, boosted the formation of generalized memories for these pairings. Overall, the results provide first evidence for a fine‐tuned regulation of infant sleep quality according to current consolidation requirements, which improves the infant long‐term memory for new experiences.
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- 2018
9. ERP correlates of processing native and non-native language word stress in infants with different language outcomes
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Birgit Herold, Angela D. Friederici, and Manuela Friedrich
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Cognitive Neuroscience ,First language ,education ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Language Development ,Vocabulary ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Developmental psychology ,Child Development ,Mental Processes ,Reference Values ,Language assessment ,Stress (linguistics) ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Prosody ,Analysis of Variance ,Verbal Behavior ,Infant ,Expressive language ,Poor language ,Linguistics ,Language development ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Child, Preschool ,Pattern Recognition, Physiological ,Evoked Potentials, Auditory ,Speech Discrimination Tests ,Speech Perception ,Psychology - Abstract
The early acquisition of native language prosody is assumed to ease infants' language development. In a longitudinal setting we investigated whether the early processing of native and non-native language word stress patterns is associated with children's subsequent language skills. ERP data of 71 four- and five-month-old infants were retrospectively grouped according to children's verbal performance in a language test at 2.5 years. Children who displayed age-adequate expressive language skills later in development showed both an early and a late negative mismatch response (MMR) when processing the native language stress pattern as deviant in a passive oddball design. Children with poor language skills later in development did not show these negativities. Both groups displayed an infant-specific positive MMR to the non-native language deviant. This positivity was enhanced and prolonged in children who showed poor language skills later in development as compared to children who showed normal language skills. The results indicate that variability in expressive language development has precursors in infants' ERP correlates of word stress processing.
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- 2009
10. Neurophysiological correlates of online word learning in 14-month-old infants
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Angela D. Friederici and Manuela Friedrich
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,genetic structures ,Brain activity and meditation ,Audiology ,Language Development ,Developmental psychology ,Memory ,Phonetics ,Event-related potential ,Parietal Lobe ,Reaction Time ,medicine ,Humans ,Cerebral Cortex ,Brain Mapping ,Verbal Behavior ,General Neuroscience ,Memoria ,Infant ,Electroencephalography ,Cognition ,Verbal Learning ,Paired-Associate Learning ,N400 ,Frontal Lobe ,Semantics ,Fast mapping ,Language development ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Evoked Potentials, Auditory ,Speech Perception ,Evoked Potentials, Visual ,Female ,Psychology ,Priming (psychology) ,Photic Stimulation - Abstract
Between 12 and 14 months infants switch from slow to fast word learning mode. The neural processes involved in this development are largely unknown. This study explored the brain activity related to the fast learning of object-word mappings in 14-month-old infants. After four repetitions of eight object-word pairs, two priming effects known from earlier infant event-related potential studies were observed: word form priming indexed by the fronto-lateral negativity in the 200-500 ms range and semantic priming indexed by the parietal N400. These neurophysiological correlates suggest that infants have learned object-word mappings by four presentations. In a test phase applied at least 1 day later, the N400 differentiated between trained congruous and incongruous pairings, which indicates that this newly established referential knowledge has been consolidated in memory.
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- 2008
11. The origins of word learning: Brain responses of 3-month-olds indicate their rapid association of objects and words
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Angela D. Friederici and Manuela Friedrich
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Memory, Long-Term ,Brain activity and meditation ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Semantics ,Verbal learning ,Language Development ,050105 experimental psychology ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Semantic memory ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Association (psychology) ,Evoked Potentials ,Long-term memory ,05 social sciences ,Association Learning ,Brain ,Infant ,Verbal Learning ,Vocabulary development ,Language development ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
The present study explored the origins of word learning in early infancy. Using event-related potentials (ERP) we monitored the brain activity of 3-month-old infants when they were repeatedly exposed to several initially novel words paired consistently with each the same initially novel objects or inconsistently with different objects. Our results provide strong evidence that these young infants extract statistic regularities in the distribution of the co-occurrences of objects and words extremely quickly. The data suggest that this ability is based on the rapid formation of associations between the neural representations of objects and words, but that the new associations are not retained in long-term memory until the next day. The type of brain response moreover indicates that, unlike in older infants, in 3-month-olds a semantic processing stage is not involved. Their ability to combine words with meaningful information is caused by a primary learning mechanism that enables the formation of proto-words and acts as a precursor for the acquisition of genuine words.
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- 2015
12. Early Word Learning
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Manuela Friedrich
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Word learning ,Word lists by frequency ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Word recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer.software_genre ,computer ,Natural language processing - Published
- 2015
13. Generalization of word meanings during infant sleep
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Manuela Friedrich, Ines Wilhelm, Angela D. Friederici, and Jan Born
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Male ,Vocabulary ,Brain activity and meditation ,Polysomnography ,media_common.quotation_subject ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Infant sleep ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Memory ,Generalization (learning) ,medicine ,Humans ,Evoked Potentials ,media_common ,Multidisciplinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Infant ,General Chemistry ,Sleep in non-human animals ,Semantics ,Female ,Memory consolidation ,Sleep ,Psychology ,Word (computer architecture) ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Sleep consolidates memory and promotes generalization in adults, but it is still unknown to what extent the rapidly growing infant memory benefits from sleep. Here we show that during sleep the infant brain reorganizes recent memories and creates semantic knowledge from individual episodic experiences. Infants aged between 9 and 16 months were given the opportunity to encode both objects as specific word meanings and categories as general word meanings. Event-related potentials indicate that, initially, infants acquire only the specific but not the general word meanings. About 1.5 h later, infants who napped during the retention period, but not infants who stayed awake, remember the specific word meanings and, moreover, successfully generalize words to novel category exemplars. Independently of age, the semantic generalization effect is correlated with sleep spindle activity during the nap, suggesting that sleep spindles are involved in infant sleep-dependent brain plasticity., In adults, oscillatory brain activity during sleep is related to memory consolidation. Here, the authors measure brain activity from infants who are exposed to novel word meanings, and show that infant sleep results in the retention and reorganization of recently encoded memories.
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- 2015
14. Early N400 development and later language acquisition
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Manuela Friedrich and Angela D. Friederici
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Male ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Word processing ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Specific language impairment ,Lexicon ,Language Development ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Psycholinguistics ,Developmental psychology ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Language assessment ,medicine ,Humans ,Language Development Disorders ,Evoked Potentials ,Biological Psychiatry ,Language ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,General Neuroscience ,Infant ,Language acquisition ,medicine.disease ,Semantics ,Language development ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Neurology ,Data Interpretation, Statistical ,Female ,Psychology ,Priming (psychology) - Abstract
Recent developmental research on word processing has shown that mechanisms of lexical priming are already present in 12-month-olds whereas mechanisms of semantic integration indexed by the N400 mature a few months later. In a longitudinal setting we investigated whether the occurrence of an N400 at 19 months is associated with the children's language skills later on. To this end children were retrospectively grouped according to their verbal performance in a language test at 30 months. Children with later age-adequate expressive language skills already displayed an N400 at 19 months. In contrast, children with later poor expressive language skills who have an enhanced risk for the development of specific language impairment (SLI) did not show an early N400. The results imply that children who have deficits in their expressive language at the age of 30 months are already impaired in their semantic development about one year earlier.
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- 2006
15. Phonotactic Knowledge and Lexical-Semantic Processing in One-year-olds: Brain Responses to Words and Nonsense Words in Picture Contexts
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Angela D. Friederici and Manuela Friedrich
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Adult ,Male ,Time Factors ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Context (language use) ,Lexicon ,Semantics ,Language Development ,Phonetics ,Humans ,Semantic memory ,computer.programming_language ,Phonotactics ,Analysis of Variance ,Brain Mapping ,Age Factors ,Brain ,Infant ,Electroencephalography ,Paired-Associate Learning ,Linguistics ,N400 ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,Evoked Potentials, Auditory ,Evoked Potentials, Visual ,Female ,Lexico ,Psychology ,computer ,Priming (psychology) ,Photic Stimulation - Abstract
During their first year of life, infants not only acquire probabilistic knowledge about the phonetic, prosodic, and phonotactic organization of their native language, but also begin to establish first lexical-semantic representations. The present study investigated the sensitivity to phonotactic regularities and its impact on semantic processing in 1-year-olds. We applied the method of event-related brain potentials to 12-and 19-month-old children and to an adult control group. While looking at pictures of known objects, subjects listened to spoken nonsense words that were phonotactically legal (pseudowords) or had phonotactically illegal word onsets (nonwords), or to real words that were either congruous or incongruous to the picture contents. In 19-month-olds and in adults, incongruous words and pseudowords, but not non-words, elicited an N400 known to reflect mechanisms of semantic integration. For congruous words, the N400 was attenuated by semantic priming. In contrast, 12-month-olds did not show an N400 difference, neither between pseudo-and nonwords nor between incongruous and congruous words. Both 1-year-old groups and adults additionally displayed a lexical priming effect for congruous words, that is, a negativity starting around 100 msec after words onset. One-year-olds, moreover, displayed a phonotactic familiarity effect, that is, a widely distributed negativity starting around 250 msec in 19-month-olds but occurring later in 12-month-olds. The results imply that both lexical priming and phonotactic familiarity already affect the processing of acoustic stimuli in children at 12 months of age. In 19-month-olds, adult-like mechanisms of semantic integration are present in response to phonotactically legal, but not to phonotactically illegal, nonsense words, indicating that children at this age treat pseudo-words, but not nonwords, as potential word candidates.
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- 2005
16. N400-like Semantic Incongruity Effect in 19-Month-Olds: Processing Known Words in Picture Contexts
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Angela D. Friederici and Manuela Friedrich
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Adult ,Male ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Contingent Negative Variation ,Context (language use) ,Lexicon ,Semantics ,Language Development ,Functional Laterality ,Developmental psychology ,Discrimination Learning ,Mental Processes ,Humans ,Semantic memory ,Semantic integration ,Evoked Potentials ,Cerebral Cortex ,Infant ,Cognition ,N400 ,Language development ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,Speech Perception ,Female ,Psychology ,Photic Stimulation ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
To understand mechanisms of early language acquisition, it is important to know whether the child's brain acts in an adult-like manner when processing words in meaningful contexts. The N400, a negative component in the event-related potential (ERP) of adults, is a sensitive index of semantic processing reflecting neural mechanisms of semantic integration into context. In the present study, we investigated whether the mechanisms indexed by the N400 are already working during early language acquisition. While 19-month-olds were looking at sequentially presented pictures, they were acoustically presented with words that were either congruous or incongruous to the picture content. The ERP averaged across the group of 55 children revealed an N400-like semantic incongruity effect in addition to an early phonological–lexical priming effect. The results suggest that both lexical expectations facilitating early phonological processing and mechanisms of semantic priming facilitating integration into semantic context are already present in 19-month-olds. The child's specific comprehension abilities are reflected in strength, latency, and hemispheric differences of the semantic incongruity effect. Spatio-temporal differences in that effect, thus, indicate changes in the organization of brain activity correlated with the child's behavioral development.
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- 2004
17. Discriminating Scrapie and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Isolates by Infrared Spectroscopy of Pathological Prion Protein
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Michael Beekes, Manuela Friedrich, Achim Thomzig, Dieter Naumann, and Sashko Spassov
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PrPSc Proteins ,animal diseases ,Bovine spongiform encephalopathy ,Scrapie ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Protein Structure, Secondary ,Cricetinae ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,medicine ,Animals ,Tissue Distribution ,Typing ,Prion protein ,Molecular Biology ,Pathological ,Brain Chemistry ,Mesocricetus ,Strain typing ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,Phenotype ,Virology ,PrP 27-30 Protein ,nervous system diseases ,Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform ,Disease Models, Animal ,biology.protein ,Cattle ,Endopeptidase K ,Antibody - Abstract
For the surveillance of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in animals and humans, the discrimination of different TSE strains causing scrapie, BSE, or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease constitutes a substantial challenge. We addressed this problem by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy of pathological prion protein PrP27-30. Different isolates of hamster-adapted scrapie (263K, 22A-H, and ME7-H) and BSE (BSE-H) were passaged in Syrian hamsters. Two of these agents, 22A-H and ME7-H, caused TSEs with indistinguishable clinical symptoms, neuropathological changes, and electrophoretic mobilities and glycosylation patterns of PrP27-30. However, FT-IR spectroscopy revealed that PrP27-30 of all four isolates featured different characteristics in the secondary structure, allowing a clear distinction between the passaged TSE agents. FT-IR analysis showed that phenotypic information is mirrored in beta-sheet and other secondary structure elements of PrP27-30, also in cases where immunobiochemical typing failed to detect structural differences. If the findings of this study hold true for nonexperimental TSEs in animals and humans, FT-IR characterization of PrP27-30 may provide a versatile tool for molecular strain typing without antibodies and without restrictions to specific TSEs or mammalian species.
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- 2004
18. Discrimination of word stress in early infant perception: electrophysiological evidence
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Anja Hahne, Manuela Friedrich, Christiane Weber, and Angela D. Friederici
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Speech perception ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Mismatch negativity ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Trochee ,Audiology ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Developmental psychology ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Discrimination, Psychological ,Stress, Physiological ,Stress (linguistics) ,medicine ,Humans ,Prosody ,Analysis of Variance ,Infant ,Electrophysiology ,Language development ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Word recognition ,Evoked Potentials, Auditory ,Speech Perception ,Female ,Syllable ,Psychology - Abstract
Language acquisition crucially depends on the ability of the child to segment the incoming speech stream. Behavioral evidence supports the hypothesis that infants are sensitive to the rhythmic properties of the language input. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) to varying stress patterns of two syllable items in adults as well as in 4- and 5-month-old infants using a mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm. Adult controls displayed a typical MMN to the trochaic item (stress on the first syllable) as well as to the iambic (stress on the second syllable) item. At the age of 4 months, no reliable discrimination response was seen. However, at the age of 5 months, a significant mismatch response (MMR) was observed for the trochaic item, indicating that the trochee, i.e. the most common stress pattern in German, was separated consistently from the iambic item. Hence, the present data demonstrate a clear development between 4 and 5 months with respect to the processing of different stress patterns relevant for word recognition. Moreover, possible contributions of different filter settings to the morphology of the mismatch response in infants are discussed.
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- 2004
19. Picture-word matching: Flexibility in conceptual memory and pupillary responses
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Christine Stelzel, Antje Nuthmann, Lars Kuchinke, Elke van der Meer, and Manuela Friedrich
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Adult ,Male ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Dual-coding theory ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Superordinate goals ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Memory ,Reaction Time ,Pupillary response ,Humans ,Biological Psychiatry ,Language ,Cognitive science ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,General Neuroscience ,Amodal perception ,Information processing ,Pupil ,Cognition ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Neurology ,Categorization ,Visual Perception ,Female ,Psychology ,Psychomotor Performance ,Pupillometry ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
The influence of levels of abstraction in picture-word matching was examined. The items each consisted of one picture and three successively presented words. Hierarchies with words for superordinate, basic, and subordinate level concepts were used (e.g., plant, flower, rose). The picture-word condition (congruent, incongruent), the word position (first, second, third), and the level of categorization (subordinate, basic, superordinate) were manipulated. Reaction times, error rates, and pupillary responses were recorded. Pupillary responses coincided with behavioral data. In general, there was an advantage for subordinate and basic level processing compared to superordinate level processing. However, switches to words for superordinate concepts were most facilitated. These findings support a two-step account of picture-word matching. First, the picture is categorized according to its concrete features. Second, amodal features are processed.
- Published
- 2003
20. Neural manifestation of cognitive and precognitive mismatch detection in early infancy
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Manuela Friedrich, Christiane Weber, and Angela D. Friederici
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Auditory perception ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Audiology ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Developmental psychology ,Arousal ,Cognition ,Phonetics ,Perception ,Vowel ,medicine ,Humans ,Oddball paradigm ,media_common ,musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology ,General Neuroscience ,Brain ,Infant ,Alertness ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Auditory Perception ,Evoked Potentials, Auditory ,Sleep ,Psychology ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) in 2-month-old infants in two different states of alertness: awake and asleep. Syllables varying in vowel duration (long vs short) were presented in an oddball paradigm, known to elicit a mismatch brain response. ERPs of both groups showed a mismatch response reflected in a positivity followed by a frontal negativity. While the positivity was present as a function of the stimulus type (present for long deviants only), the negativity varied as a function of the state of alertness (present for awake infants only). These data indicate a functional separation between precognitive and cognitive aspects of duration mismatch essential for the distinction between long and short vowels during early infancy.
- Published
- 2002
21. The Sleeping Infant Brain Anticipates Development
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Manuela Friedrich, Matthias Mölle, Ines Wilhelm, Jan Born, Angela D. Friederici, University of Zurich, and Friedrich, Manuela
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Male ,610 Medicine & health ,Sleep spindle ,1100 General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Biology ,Non-rapid eye movement sleep ,050105 experimental psychology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,1300 General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Memory ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Retention period ,05 social sciences ,2800 General Neuroscience ,Brain ,Infant ,Object (philosophy) ,Semantics ,Nap ,10054 Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics ,Female ,Memory consolidation ,Sleep (system call) ,Sleep ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Word (group theory) ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Summary From the age of 3 months, infants learn relations between objects and co-occurring words [1]. These very first representations of object-word pairings in infant memory are considered as non-symbolic proto-words comprising specific visual-auditory associations that can already be formed in the first months of life [2–5]. Genuine words that refer to semantic long-term memory have not been evidenced prior to 9 months of age [6–9]. Sleep is known to facilitate the reorganization of memories [9–14], but its impact on the perceptual-to-semantic trend in early development is unknown. Here we explored the formation of word meanings in 6- to 8-month-old infants and its reorganization during the course of sleep. Infants were exposed to new words as labels for new object categories. In the memory test about an hour later, generalization to novel category exemplars was tested. In infants who took a short nap during the retention period, a brain response of 3-month-olds [1] was observed, indicating generalizations based on early developing perceptual-associative memory. In those infants who napped longer, a semantic priming effect [15, 16] usually found later in development [17–19] revealed the formation of genuine words. The perceptual-to-semantic shift in memory was related to the duration of sleep stage 2 and to locally increased sleep spindle activity. The finding that, after the massed presentation of several labeled category exemplars, sleep enabled even 6-month-olds to create semantic long-term memory clearly challenges the notion that immature brain structures are responsible for the typically slower lexical development.
- Published
- 2017
22. Maturing brain mechanisms and developing behavioral language skills
- Author
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Manuela Friedrich and Angela D. Friederici
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Linguistics and Language ,genetic structures ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Lexicon ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Language Development ,Language and Linguistics ,Developmental psychology ,Speech and Hearing ,Cognitive development ,Humans ,Speech ,Cerebral Cortex ,Infant ,Cognition ,Language acquisition ,Child development ,N400 ,Semantics ,Language development ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Child, Preschool ,Evoked Potentials, Auditory ,Speech Perception ,Psychology ,Priming (psychology) ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Photic Stimulation - Abstract
The relation between the maturation of brain mechanisms responsible for the N400 elicitation in the event-related brain potential (ERP) and the development of behavioral language skills was investigated in 12-month-old infants. ERPs to words presented in a picture-word priming paradigm were analyzed according to the infants' production and comprehension skills as rated by their parents. Infants with high early word production displayed an N400 semantic priming effect already at 12 months. Infants with low early word production did not show this effect, not even for those words that parents rated to be comprehended by their child. The results suggest that the very early functioning of the neural mechanisms underlying N400 generation is related to the infants' state of behavioral language development. The possible functional relation of the N400 neural mechanisms and the infant's word learning ability is discussed.
- Published
- 2009
23. 6. Neurophysiological correlates of picture-word priming in one-year-olds
- Author
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Manuela Friedrich
- Published
- 2008
24. Online word learning in 6-month-old infants
- Author
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Manuela Friedrich and Angela D. Friederici
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Behavioral Neuroscience ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Word lists by frequency ,Word learning ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Neurology ,Psychology ,Biological Psychiatry ,Linguistics - Published
- 2008
25. Brain responses in 4-month-old infants are already language specific
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Angela D. Friederici, Anne Christophe, and Manuela Friedrich
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Melody ,Male ,First language ,Biology ,Language Development ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,German ,Rhythm ,Behavioral study ,Germany ,Stress (linguistics) ,Humans ,Language ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all) ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) ,Brain ,Infant ,language.human_language ,Language group ,language ,Evoked Potentials, Auditory ,Speech Perception ,Female ,France ,Syllable ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,SYSNEURO ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Summary Language is the most important faculty that distinguishes humans from other animals. Infants learn their native language fast and effortlessly during the first years of life, as a function of the linguistic input in their environment. Behavioral studies reported the discrimination of melodic contours [1] and stress patterns [2, 3] in 1–4-month-olds. Behavioral [4, 5] and brain measures [6–8] have shown language-independent discrimination of phonetic contrasts at that age. Language-specific discrimination, however, has been reported for phonetic contrasts only for 6–12-month-olds [9–12]. Here we demonstrate language-specific discrimination of stress patterns in 4-month-old German and French infants by using electrophysiological brain measures. We compare the processing of disyllabic words differing in their rhythmic structure, mimicking German words being stressed on the first syllable, e.g., papa/daddy [13], and French ones being stressed on the second syllable, e.g., papa/daddy . Event-related brain potentials reveal that experience with German and French differentially affects the brain responses of 4-month-old infants, with each language group displaying a processing advantage for the rhythmic structure typical in its native language. These data indicate language-specific neural representations of word forms in the infant brain as early as 4 months of age.
- Published
- 2007
26. The processing of prosody: Evidence of interhemispheric specialization at the age of four
- Author
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Isabell Wartenburger, Manuela Friedrich, Jens Steinbrink, Silke Telkemeyer, Angela D. Friederici, and Hellmuth Obrig
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Male ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Language Development ,Functional Laterality ,Perception ,Specialization (functional) ,Department Linguistik ,Humans ,Prosody ,media_common ,Communication ,business.industry ,Brain ,Comprehension ,Functional imaging ,Language development ,Dominance (ethology) ,Neurology ,Child, Preschool ,Speech Perception ,Female ,Psychology ,business ,Sentence ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Beyond its multiple functions in language comprehension and emotional shaping, prosodic cues play a pivotal role for the infant's amazingly rapid acquisition of language. However, cortical correlates of prosodic processing are largely controversial, even in adults, and functional imaging data in children are sparse. We here use an approach which allows to experimentally determine brain activations correlating to the perception and processing of sentence prosody during childhood. In 4-year-olds, we measured focal brain activation using near-infrared spectroscopy and demonstrate that processing prosody in isolation elicits a larger right fronto-temporal activation whereas a larger left hemispheric activation is elicited by the perception of normal language with full linguistic content. Hypothesized by the dual-pathway-model, the present data provide experimental evidence that in children specific language processes rely on interhemispheric specialization with a left hemispheric dominance for processing segmental (i.e. phonological) and a right hemispheric dominance for processing suprasegmental (i.e. prosodic) information. Generally in accordance with the imaging data reported in adults, our finding underlines the notion that interhemispheric specialization is a continuous process during the development of language.
- Published
- 2006
27. Lexical priming and semantic integration reflected in the event-related potential of 14-month-olds
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Angela D. Friederici and Manuela Friedrich
- Subjects
Male ,Lexicon ,Semantics ,Event-related potential ,Phonetics ,Humans ,Semantic integration ,computer.programming_language ,Cerebral Cortex ,Communication ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Infant ,Cognition ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Evoked Potentials, Auditory ,Speech Perception ,Female ,Lexico ,business ,Psychology ,Priming (psychology) ,computer ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
This study investigates by means of the event-related brain potential whether mechanisms of lexical priming and semantic integration are already developed in 14-month-olds. While looking at coloured pictures of known objects children were presented with basic-level words that were either congruous or incongruous to the pictures. The event-related potential of 14-month-olds revealed an early negativity in the lateral frontal brain region for congruous words, and a later N400-like negativity for incongruous words. These results indicate that both lexical priming and semantic integration are already present as early as 14 months.
- Published
- 2005
28. Reduced stress pattern discrimination in 5-month-olds as a marker of risk for later language impairment: neurophysiologial evidence
- Author
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Manuela Friedrich, Angela D. Friederici, Christiane Weber, and Anja Hahne
- Subjects
Male ,Risk ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Mismatch negativity ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Trochee ,Specific language impairment ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Developmental psychology ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Discrimination, Psychological ,Communication disorder ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Stress, Physiological ,Germany ,Stress (linguistics) ,medicine ,Humans ,Language disorder ,Language Development Disorders ,Prosody ,Evoked Potentials ,Retrospective Studies ,Analysis of Variance ,Brain Mapping ,Infant ,Electroencephalography ,medicine.disease ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Female ,Syllable ,Psychology - Abstract
The study at hand investigates prosodic abilities of infants as early predictors of Specific Language Impairment (SLI), which is commonly diagnosed at a later age. The study is based on the hypothesis that the prosodic abilities of infants at risk for SLI are less elaborated than those of controls due to less efficient processing of the relevant acoustic cues. One of the most critical prosodic cues for word segmentation is stress pattern. In German as well as in English, the most frequent stress pattern of bisyllabics is the trochee, in which stress is placed on the first syllable. Using a passive oddball design, German 5-month-olds were examined with respect to their ability to discriminate different stress patterns of bisyllabics. Infants were grouped retrospectively based on their production performance at the ages of 12 and 24 months. In contrast to matched controls, infants with very low word production displayed event-related brain potentials with a significantly reduced amplitude of the discrimination response, i.e. a Mismatch Negativity (MMN), to the trochaic stress pattern. This amplitude difference indicates impaired prosodic processing of word stress during early development and may thus be taken as an early marker of risk for SLI.
- Published
- 2005
29. Semantic sentence processing reflected in the event-related potentials of one- and two-year-old children
- Author
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Manuela Friedrich and Angela D. Friederici
- Subjects
Male ,Phrase ,Time Factors ,genetic structures ,Object (grammar) ,Verb ,Sentence processing ,Noun ,Selection (linguistics) ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Evoked Potentials ,Communication ,Brain Mapping ,business.industry ,Verbal Behavior ,General Neuroscience ,Age Factors ,Infant ,Electroencephalography ,N400 ,Linguistics ,Semantics ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,business ,Psychology ,Comprehension ,Sentence - Abstract
The present study used the N400, an electrophysiological correlate of semantic processing, to investigate 19- and 24-month-old children's ability to integrate the meaning of words in a sentential context. Children listened passively to semantically appropriate sentences and to sentences in which the object noun violates the selection restriction of the verb. The event-related potentials of both age groups revealed an N400 on inappropriate object nouns. This indicates that the children are able to semantically integrate words into sentence contexts. Furthermore, the result implies that selection restrictions are part of the children's first verb representations.
- Published
- 2005
30. Electrophysiological evidence for delayed mismatch response in infants at-risk for specific language impairment
- Author
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Angela D. Friederici, Christiane Weber, and Manuela Friedrich
- Subjects
Male ,Risk ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Mismatch negativity ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Electroencephalography ,Specific language impairment ,Audiology ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Developmental psychology ,Discrimination, Psychological ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Event-related potential ,medicine ,Humans ,Language Development Disorders ,Latency (engineering) ,Biological Psychiatry ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,General Neuroscience ,Infant ,Cognition ,medicine.disease ,Alertness ,Electrophysiology ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Neurology ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Female ,Cues ,Psychology - Abstract
The present study investigated whether delayed auditory processing typically found in children with specific language impairment (SLI) can already be observed in the event-related potentials of 2-month-old infants. Infants with and without a family history of SLI were tested in a passive auditory oddball paradigm with CV-syllables differing in vowel duration. For the long syllable, a positive mismatch response occurred in the difference wave between deviant and standard. Its amplitude was higher in infants during quiet sleep than in awake infants, although its peak latency remained unaffected by alertness. Awake infants showed an adultlike mismatch negativity preceding the positivity. Risk for SLI was reflected in the latency of the positive mismatch response, which was delayed in infants with risk compared to infants without risk. This latency difference suggests that 2-month-old infants at risk for SLI are already affected in processing an auditory stimulus change of duration.
- Published
- 2004
31. Word learning and remembering in toddlers: An ERP & behavioural study
- Author
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Michaela Schmitz, Angela D. Friederici, Dana Marinos, Gisela Klann-Delius, and Manuela Friedrich
- Subjects
Word learning ,General Neuroscience ,Psychology ,Declarative memory ,Cognitive psychology - Published
- 2011
32. Editors' Report for Volume 49
- Author
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Brechtje Post, Cynthia G. Clopper, Sven L. Mattys, Cornelia Hamann, Laurel Fais, Kim Plunkett, Joana Cholin, Wido La Heije, Letitia R. Naigles, Albert Costa, Ludovic Ferrand, Robert Ladd, Katie Overy, James Emil Flege, Manuela Friedrich, Elizabeth K. Johnson, Irene Vogel, Pilar Prieto, Sharon Peperkamp, Maxine Eskenazi, Hiroaki Kato, H. Timothy Bunnell, Tom Wasow, Thierry Nazzi, Norma Mendoza-Denton, Annett Schirmer, Bernadette M. Jansma, Amalia Arvaniti, Franck Ramus, Marc Hedrick, Chih Chen Hsuan, Daniel Swingley, Lisa Gershkoff-Stowe, Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells, Keren Shatzman, Manuel Diaz-Campos, Barbara Höhle, Holger Diessel, Anne Christophe, Patty Price, Jennifer Hay, Pierre A. Hallé, Pauline Welby, Joaquin Romero, Antonio Grillo, Rushen Shi, Ken Forster, Maria Teresa Guasti, Jane Stuart-Smith, Paul Foulkes, Jan Van Santen, Naoyuki Takagi, Berit Gehrke, Megha Sundara, Mariapaola D'Imperio, Marc Smith, Jacqueline Van Kampen, Martin Hackl, Linda Mortensen, Kristin Rosen, Ad Backus, Jeremy Goslin, Marie Nilsenová, Chris Davis, Rory A. DePaolis, LouAnn Gerken, Alexander Pollatsek, Rosalind Thornton, Michael D. Tyler, Nina Hyam, Plino Barbosa, William Raymond, Colin Phillips, Julia Hirschberg, Betty Tuller, and Delphine Dahan
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Speech and Hearing ,Linguistics and Language ,Sociology and Political Science ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Language and Linguistics ,Geology ,Volume (compression) - Published
- 2006
33. Semantic sentence processing reflected in the event-related potentials of one- and two-year-old children.
- Author
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Manuela Friedrich
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Lexical priming and semantic integration reflected in the event-related potential of 14-month-olds.
- Author
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Manuela Friedrich and Angela D Friederici
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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