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The article discusses how geoeconomic fragmentation can be an opportunity for Venezuela to reintegrate into the Western energy market. Two manifestations of this fragmentation are mentioned: China's gradual decoupling from manufacturing supply chains and Russia's disengagement from commodity markets. It is highlighted that Venezuela is the exception due to its authoritarian political regime, which explains its alignment with China and Russia. Unlike Russia and China, Venezuela does not pose a military threat to countries in the region. The sanctions imposed on Venezuela are less severe than those imposed on Russia but more severe than those imposed on China. The sanctions include the oil sector. However, an opportunity arises for Venezuela to reintegrate into the Western energy market as a neutral country. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents a historical ranking of national teams in the World Cups from 1930 to 2018. Brazil is the team with the most titles and points (193), followed by Germany (182), Italy (125), and Argentina (120). A methodology is used that takes into account the level of success of a team in the tournament, the relative importance of the championships played, and the level of difficulty of the opponents faced. The ranking of teams is also considered to establish the level of difficulty of each match. The ranking shows the total scores and averages of the teams, as well as their performance against the top 10 teams and in the knockout phase. Brazil occupies the first place with 449.84 points, followed by Germany and Italy. [Extracted from the article]

La covid-19 llega en un momento en el que Venezuela no tiene recursos fiscales para responder a sus obligaciones, y su población--empobrecida y con acceso limitado a empleo remoto--entra en desesperación. Son consecuencias de la «coronacrisis»: reducción de la demanda, acelerada depreciación del bolívar, paralización de sectores económicos, pérdida de empleos e incremento del número de personas en situación de pobreza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo examina alternativas al uso tradicional del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) como medida de bienestar económico. Se destaca el uso de imágenes satelitales para estimar el crecimiento económico, el análisis de contenido de textos periodísticos mediante aprendizaje automático para predecir indicadores macroeconómicos, y la consideración de variables como esperanza de vida.

Copyright of Revista del CLAD Reforma y Democracia is the property of Centro Latinoamericano de Administracion para el Desarrollo (CLAD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudios Políticos is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El artículo informa sobre las malas condiciones económicas de Venezuela en 2016. Los temas tratados incluyen la contracción de la actividad económica y la contracción de la producción; la mayor inflación en el planeta apenas dos años después del auge petrolero; crecimiento económico de los países sudamericanos durante 1999-2015; y el déficit fiscal de Venezuela durante 1999-2015.

Venezuela is in deep recession. its chief causes are an exhausted model based on injecting petrodollars in the economy, inconsistent economic policies and the government’s growing control of economic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se aborda la caída de la productividad de los factores en Venezuela entre 1970 y 2010. Se asevera que este desempeño reducido se debe en mayor parte a la asignación de recursos a sectores económicos comparativamente menos productivos. Se mantiene que esta asignación de recursos puede ser el resultado de medidas adoptadas por el gobierno venezolano, entre ellas la protección de ciertos sectores y la apreciación de la tasa de cambio real.

Venezuela posee el mayor riesgo país de América Latina: 54.079 puntos. Para reducir esta astronómica cifra es necesario reactivar la industria petrolera, controlar la inflación, reestructurar la deuda externa y, lo más importante, transmitir confianza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]