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Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas. Facultad de Historia. Programa Institucional de Maestría en Historia The present work shows a long-range historical journey that goes deeper not only into the ways indigenous groups of people in Mexico have gained citizenship rights; but also, how they have exercised them along the national history. Having analyzed such ways, we will see that the exercise of their citizenship rights is far away from the ideal conception of 'citizen', conceived by the Mexican state. On the other hand, it is going to be seen that in many cases those ways have been an answer to the interest of their own communities in order to maintain their fragile autonomy from the Mexican state, in an effort to preserve their own forms of organization, culture and identity. El presente trabajo ofrece un recorrido histórico de largo alcance que ahonda en las formas en que los Pueblos Indígenas de México han accedido a la ciudadanía y cómo la han ejercido a lo largo de la historia nacional. Analizaremos cómo las formas en que los indígenas mexicanos han ejercido la ciudadanía no siempre corresponden con el ideal ciudadano construido desde el Estado, sino que en muchos casos han respondido al interés de las comunidades por mantenerse relativamente autónomas frente al Estado, conservando sus propias formas de organización y culturas.

The properties of smart light-emitting textile/fabric with a persistent afterglow can be beneficial for use in anti-counterfeiting, night surveillance, and security trooping among other potential applications. Keeping this in mind, this work is a step forward in designing bright green and red emitting poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) fine fibers. We first synthesized green emitting Zn2GeO4:Mn2+ (ZGOM) and red emitting ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ (ZGOC) nanoparticles using a hydrothermal process. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images depicted the formation of nanorods and sub-10 nm nanoparticles for ZGOM and ZGOC, respectively. These nanoparticles were mixed in a PVA solution and spun into fiber using the Forcespinning® technology. FESEM images of the fiber samples show the presence of long, bead-free, defect-free, smooth surfaces with the diameters ranging from 200 nm to 1.2 μm depending on selected processing parameters; a fiber system was selected considering fiber output and fiber diameter, the selected system had fibers with average diameter of 900 nm for both ZGOM and ZGOC encapsulated PVA fine fibers (MG-PF and CR-PF). Another favorable property was that the thermal stability of the PVA fine fibers was not affected by the nanoparticles. Both MF-PF and CR-PF fine fibers depicted a bright green and red luminescence, respectively, under UV excitation. The fiber can easily accommodate loading up to 1.0% weight without doing any kind of fluorescence quenching. MG-PF fiber displayed a bright and substantial green persistence luminescence up to 500 s. In the case of CR-PF there is a quenching of trap states and therefore intrinsic red persistence luminescence is not retained beyond 100 s. We believe such green fiber if smartly woven in any kind of textile materials/fabric can be an efficient solution to deal with cloth counterfeiting and night surveillance.

Manuel Peredo (1830-1890) participated fully in Mexico's national literary circles during the second half of the 19th century. Besides being recognized for his translation of Basch's Memories of Mexico, Peredo also translated the first tercets of Inferno's Canto XXXIII. Although forgotten today, his contribution is significant since it is the second Mexican translation of Dante, and particularly, the first Mexican translation of Canto XXXIII.

O Acidente Vascular Cerebral é uma das principais causas de morbilidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo e a causa mais importante de morbilidade e incapacidade a longo prazo na Europa. É também a segunda causa mais comum de demência, a mais frequente de epilepsia no idoso e uma causa frequente de depressão. É uma doença mais incapacitante do que mortal que requer a institucionalização do doente a longo prazo, diminuindo a sua qualidade, causando elevados encargos a nível social e económico. Método: O estudo que realizámos foi desenvolvido na Unidade de AVC da ULSNE cujo principal objectivo era verificar a evolução do grau de dependência dos doentes no internamento e após a alta (até à consulta de vasculares), utilizando o Índice de Barthel. O período de tempo objecto de estudo foi entre Janeiro de 2010 e Setembro de 2011. Resultados: O estudo envolveu 219 doentes, avaliados no internamento e na consulta. A média de idades verificada foi de 75 anos, com 54,8% de doentes do sexo masculino. O diagnóstico com maior relevância foi o TACI E (16,9%) e o LACI D (15,5%). Na admissão, 42% dos doentes são dependentes totais; na alta, este valor diminuiu para 16,4% e na consulta para 12,3%. No momento da admissão os autónomos eram 3,7%, valor que aumentou para 19,2% na alta e 31,5% na consulta. No nosso estudo, pudemos concluir que o aumento da idade influencia directamente o grau de dependência no momento da consulta. Verificámos de igual modo que existe evolução funcional nos doentes, no período de internamento e esta segue a mesma tendência desde a alta até à consulta. Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is the most important cause of morbidity and long-term disability in Europe. It is also the second most common cause of dementia, the most frequent cause of epilepsy in the elderly and a frequent cause of depression. Stroke is a disease more disabling than fatal, requiring the institutionalization of the patient in the long run, diminishing quality of life and causing higher costs at social and economic levels. Method: This study was held in the stroke unit ULSNE with the aim of studying the dependence of patients during hospitalization and after discharge (until the vascular consultation), through the evaluation of the Barthel Index. The period of the study was from January 2010 and September 2011. Results: The study involved 219 patients evaluated in hospitalization and consultation. The average age was 75 years, with 54.8% of male patients. The diagnosis most relevant was TACI E (16.9%) and LACI D (15.5%). On admission 42% of the patients were totally dependent; on discharge this percentage decreased to 16.4% and in the consultation to 12.3%. On admission the autonomous were 3.7%, 19.2% at discharge and 31.5% in the consultation. In our study we concluded that increasing age directly influences the degree of dependence at consultation. We also found that there is some functional evolution in patients during the period of hospitalization and that this evolution continues after discharge until the consultation.