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Managing employees' happiness and well-being as a business strategy offers positive outcomes for companies, as has been widely studied in the scientific literature. In the field of public relations, published studies address these benefits for individuals and collectively, both for the employees themselves (Pérez, 2020) and for the organisation for which they work, whether intangible or tangible (Castro-Martínez and Díaz-Morilla, 2020; Sidney et al., 2017). However, the function of promoting a good working environment is not always attended to in the workplace, nor is it always exclusive to a specific area (Bowen, 2008). In addition to a systematic documentary review, the Web of Science database is used for a bibliometric study and network mapping of the scientific literature, from which articles are extracted for analysis using different bibliographic searches. Based on the information obtained, VOSviewer software is used for the analysis of bibliometric networks by authorship, citation and co-occurrence of keywords in scientific publications. The number of articles published on the management of happiness and wellbeing in organisations as part of their public relations has increased significantly over the last decade, although there has been a notable change in this growth since 2021. According to the research, corporate social responsibility programmes are increasingly considering these aspects as part of their organisational strategy, and departments such as human resources are taking on a greater role in generating a good working environment. This study provides an overview of the international production of scientific publications on the subject of happiness management and organisational well-being from the point of view of public relations. It shows the evolution of scientific activity in terms of the number of works published by area of knowledge and the current trends in terms of authorship, subject matter and repercussion in the scientific field. La gestió de la felicitat i el benestar dels empleats com a estratègia organitzativa ofereix resultats positius per a les empreses, tal com ha estat àmpliament estudiat en la literatura científica. En l'àmbit de les relacions públiques, els estudis publicats aborden aquests beneficis tant individualment com col·lectivament: per als empleats (Pérez, 2020) i per a l'entitat per a la qual treballen, siguin intangibles o tangibles (Castro-Martínez i Díaz-Morilla, 2020; Sidney et al., 2017). No obstant això, la funció de promoure un bon ambient de treball no sempre és atesa en l'àmbit organitzacional, ni és exclusiva d'una àrea específica (Bowen, 2008). A més de la revisió documental sistemàtica realitzada, s'utilitza la base de dades Web of Science per a l'estudi bibliomètric i el mapatge de xarxes de la literatura científica, de la qual s'extreuen els articles per analitzar-los en diferents cerques bibliogràfiques. A partir de la informació obtinguda, s'utilitza el programari VOSviewer per a l'anàlisi de les xarxes bibliomètriques referides a autoria, citació i coocurrència de paraules clau en les publicacions científiques. El nombre d'articles publicats sobre la gestió de la felicitat i el benestar en les organitzacions per l'àrea de les relacions públiques ha augmentat significativament en l'última dècada, encara que s'ha produït un canvi notable en aquest creixement a partir de 2021. Segons la recerca, els programes de responsabilitat social corporativa consideren cada vegada més aquests aspectes com a part de la seva estratègia organitzativa, i departaments com el de recursos humans assumeixen un major protagonisme en la generació d'un bon ambient de treball. Aquest estudi ofereix una visió general de la producció internacional de publicacions científiques sobre el tema de la gestió de la felicitat i el benestar organitzacional des del punt de vista de les relacions públiques. Mostra l'evolució de l'activitat científica quant al nombre de treballs difosos per àrea de coneixement i les tendències actuals quant a autoria, temàtica i repercussió en l'àmbit científic. La gestión de la felicidad y el bienestar de los empleados como estrategia organizativa ofrece resultados positivos para las empresas, tal y como ha sido ampliamente estudiado en la literatura científica. En el ámbito de las relaciones públicas, los estudios publicados abordan estos beneficios tanto individual como colectivamente: para los empleados (Pérez, 2020) y para la entidad para la que trabajan, ya sean intangibles o tangibles (Castro-Martínez y Díaz-Morilla, 2020; Sidney et al., 2017). Sin embargo, la función de promover un buen ambiente de trabajo no siempre es atendida en el ámbito organizacional, ni es exclusiva de un área específica (Bowen, 2008). Además de la revisión documental sistemática realizada, se utiliza la base de datos Web of Science para el estudio bibliométrico y el mapeo de redes de la literatura científica, de la que se extraen los artículos para su análisis en diferentes búsquedas bibliográficas. A partir de la información obtenida, se utiliza el software VOSviewer para el análisis de las redes bibliométricas referidas a autoría, citación y coocurrencia de palabras clave en las publicaciones científicas. El número de artículos publicados sobre la gestión de la felicidad y el bienestar en las organizaciones por el área de las relaciones públicas ha aumentado significativamente en la última década, aunque se ha producido un cambio notable en este crecimiento a partir de 2021. Según la investigación, los programas de responsabilidad social corporativa consideran cada vez más estos aspectos como parte de su estrategia organizativa, y departamentos como el de recursos humanos asumen un mayor protagonismo en la generación de un buen ambiente de trabajo. Este estudio ofrece una visión general de la producción internacional de publicaciones científicas sobre el tema de la gestión de la felicidad y el bienestar organizacional desde el punto de vista de las relaciones públicas. Muestra la evolución de la actividad científica en cuanto al número de trabajos difundidos por área de conocimiento y las tendencias actuales en cuanto a autoría, temática y repercusión en el ámbito científico.

Van der Waals magnetic materials are building blocks for novel kinds of spintronic devices and playgrounds for exploring collective magnetic phenomena down to the two-dimensional limit. Chromium-tellurium compounds are relevant in this perspective. In particular, the 1$T$ phase of CrTe$_2$ has been argued to have a Curie temperature above 300~K, a rare and desirable property in the class of lamellar materials, making it a candidate for practical applications. However, recent literature reveals a strong variability in the reported properties, including magnetic ones. Using electron microscopy, diffraction and spectroscopy techniques, together with local and macroscopic magnetometry approaches, our work sheds new light on the structural, chemical and magnetic properties of bulk 1$T$-CrTe$_2$ exfoliated in the form of flakes having a thickness ranging from few to several tens of nanometers. We unambiguously establish that 1$T$-CrTe$_2$ flakes are ferromagnetic above room temperature, have an in-plane easy axis of magnetization, low coercivity, and we confirm that their Raman spectroscopy signatures are two modes, $E_{2\text{g}}$ (103.5~cm$^{-1}$) and $A_{1\text{g}}$ (136.5~cm$^{-1}$). We also prove that thermal annealing causes a phase transformation to monoclinic Cr$_5$Te$_8$ and, to a lesser extent, to trigonal Cr$_5$Te$_8$. In sharp contrast with 1$T$-CrTe$_2$, none of these compounds have a Curie temperature above room temperature, and they both have perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Our findings reconcile the apparently conflicting reports in the literature and open opportunities for phase-engineered magnetic properties.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el efecto de realizar diferentes tipos de triangulaciones de pases en campo propio sobre el mantenimiento de la posesión del balón y la progresión del juego en fútbol profesional. Un total de 70,653 triangulaciones en campo propio, llevadas a cabo en los 380 partidos de la liga española de fútbol masculino de la temporada 2018/2019, fueron analizadas utilizando datos de eventos proporcionados por StatsPerform. Dichas triangulaciones fueron clasificadas en dos grupos: las que suponían una repetición de carril lateral y las que no. Teniendo en cuenta esta clasificación, se realizaron dos análisis complementarios: uno diferenciando estos dos tipos de triangulaciones y otro atendiendo a las jugadas en las que estaban presentes, prestando especial atención a cuáles terminaron en la pérdida de balón. En ambos análisis, los resultados arrojan la misma conclusión: una triangulación en la que se repite carril lateral o una jugada en la que haya incluida al menos una repetición de carril lateral tienen una mayor tendencia a terminar en pérdida de balón que cualquier otro tipo de triangulación o jugada en la que no se incluya este tipo de triangulación. Palabras clave: analítica de fútbol, eventos, pases, rendimiento, posesión, carril lateral. Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of performing different type of passing triangulations in the own half on the ball possession and progression in professional football. A total of 70,653 triangulations in the own half that took place during 380 matches from the Spanish La Liga 2018/2019 were analyzed by using event data provided by StatsPerform. All triangulations were classified into two groups: (i) one with triangulations involving a side lane repetition and (ii) a second group with those triangulations without a side lane repetition. Considering this classification, we conducted two complementary analyses: one differentiating these two types of triangulations and another considering what kind of plays contained lateral lane repetitions, paying special attention to plays that ended in the loss of the ball. In both analyses, results show the same conclusion: a triangulation in which side lane is repeated or a play in which at least one side lane repetition is included have a greater tendency to finish with a turnover than other types of triangulations or plays in which this type of side lane repetition does not appear. Keywords: football analytics, events, passes, performance, possession, lateral lane.

The struggle for hegemony has adopted in the modern world an imperial form that is not recognizable with the classical canons of what is understood by empire. But it works as such, leveraging on the currency. Of the various elements of the panoply of imperial construction, we will deal here with the idea of independence of institutions, including those of currency management; independence of popular sovereignty in the case of the center of the empire and national-popular in the case of the territories subject to domination. The idea of the independence of institutions builds the paradigm of a natural evolution of the world, so that power ceases to be the elaboration and imposition of alternatives to become the interpretation of arcane signs. In this way, the “sigetics” of suffering for common people is built, where its causes appear as a result of simple chance -bad luck- or maladjustment -bad construction- or laziness -bad will-. In the first part we will analyze the theoretical bases of the construction of independence, in the second we will analyze some of its consequences and, in the third part, we will propose some conclusions and solutions that ordinary people can promote to regain control of the future of the world.

The study addresses a network of remote weather stations on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) that house Licor192 quantum sensors measuring photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) above water. There is evidence of significant degradation in the signal from the sensors after a 2-yr deployment. Main sources of uncertainty in the calibration are outlined, which include degradation of the photodiode, soiling of the sensors by dust and salt spray, cosine responses, and sensitivity to air temperature. Raw PAR data are improved using correction factors based on a cloudless PAR model. Uncertainties in cosine responses of the instrument are low but significant errors may occur if the supporting platform is misaligned and not horizontal. A set of recommendations are provided to improve the quality of the PAR data. Significance Statement A method is described to correct historical PAR data collected on the Great Barrier Reef, such that these valuable observations may be improved and used effectively.

Resumen Las infecciones hospitalarias causadas por bacilos gram negativos resistentes a carbapenems (BGNCR) están asociadas al aumento de morbimortalidad y gasto sanitario. La identificación mediante cultivos de vigilancia y las medidas de control de infecciones permiten reducir su diseminación. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el impacto de un programa de vigilancia integrado a protocolos de control de infecciones sobre la incidencia de BGNCR y conocer su epidemiología molecular en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Se realizaron auditorías seguidas de un programa de cultivo de vigilancia activa y caracterización molecular de BGNCR, antes y después de la implementación de programas de prevención y control de infecciones. El screening microbiológico se realizó en medios cromogénicos; la caracterización molecular de p-lactamasas (blaKPC, bla0XA-48-like, blaVIM, blaiMP, blaNDM, blaSHV y blaCTx-M) por PCR y la tipificación molecular por PFGE y MLST para Klebsiella pneumoniae. El protocolo desarrollado permitió reducir la colonización global de 16,92% al 9,67%. La diseminación de K. pneumoniae fue a expensas de diversos clones portadores de KPC-2 asociada a BLEE SHV-2 y CTX-M-15, y distribuidos en varios secuenciotipos (ST17, ST13, ST2256, ST353); no se observó persistencia de un clon particular y ningún aislamiento presentó factores de virulencia asociados a hipervi-rulencia. Los aislamientos de Acinetobacter baumannii fueron mayoritariamente productores de IMP-1. El análisis PFGE individualizó 3 clusters, asumiendo que la diseminación fue clonal. Abstract Hospital-acquired infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CRGNB) have been increasingly reported worldwide and are associated with high rates of mortality especially in intensive care units(ICUs). Early identification through rectal surveillance cultures and implementation of infection control measures(ICM) including contact precautions, staff education on cleaning and hand hygiene may reduce the spread of these microorganisms. The aim of this work was to assess the impact of enhanced ICM on CRGNB colonization and to describe the molecular epidemiology of these bacteria in a polyvalent ICU in a tertiary level hospital. A prospective study including audits and active surveillance culture program, with molecular characterization, was conducted before and after the implementation of prevention programs and infection control measures. Microbiological screening was performed in chromogenic media; PCR targeting p-lactamases genes (ó/qkpc, óíQndm, blaviM and blaoxA-48, blasHv and ó/qctx-m), molecular typing by PFGE; and MLST in K. pneumoniae were performed. CRGNB colonization was reduced from 16.92% to 9.67% upon implementing the infection control measures. In K. pneumoniae the most frequent carbapenemase type was KPC-2 associated with SHV-2 and CTX-M-15, and was disseminated in various STs (ST17, ST13, ST2256, ST353); there was no persistence of particular clones and virulence factors showed no association with hypervirulence. IMP-1 carbapenemase predominated in A. baumannii and the PFGE analysis individualized 3 clusters, assuming that the dissemination in the ICU was clonal. The early detection of patients colo-nized with CRBGN by using epidemiological surveillance cultures and the implementation of prophylactic measures are key to reducing the incidence of these microorganisms.

Introduction. Klebsiella aerogenes is a nosocomial pathogen associated with drug resistance and healthcare-associated infections. Gap Statement. K. aerogenes is associated with hospital-acquired infections with the ability to acquire mechanisms of resistance to reserve antimicrobials; its clinical behaviour has been poorly documented. Objective. We proposed to investigate an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant K. aerogenes in a hospital that persisted for 4 months. Methods. The primary aim was to evaluate the molecular characteristics and the clonal relationships among the isolates. We characterized isolates by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The information was integrated with clinical and epidemiological data. Results. Fourteen strains were disseminated in an intensive care unit and different wards at the hospital. The overall mortality was 42.8 %, and mortality attributed to infection was 21.4 %; strains showed high rates of resistance to most of the antimicrobials tested and carried bla KPC-2, bla SHV-2 and bla CTXM-15 genes. PFGE analysis indicated 2 PFGE groups; 12/14 isolates were associated with subgroup A and were likely to be primarily responsible for the first isolation and subsequent dissemination. The outbreak characteristics data showed prolonged hospitalization and previous use of antibiotics as potential risk factors. Conclusion. We consider that it is essential to perform phenotypic and genotypic identification of early genetic resistance mechanisms in K. aerogenes isolates, not only from infection sites but also from colonization, to prevent the spread of these multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates.

Resumen La frontera que comparten México y Guatemala es una región compleja de analizar por la diversidad de dinámicas entre ambos países. Una amenaza de la región es el cambio de uso de suelo, donde existen una serie de impulsores de cambio y condicionantes ambientales que hacen prioritario su análisis. La presente investigación revisa los cambios de uso de suelo que ocurrieron entre 1990 y 2010, mismos que se usan como base para construir un escenario tendencial al año 2030 a través de utilizar la red neuronal perceptrón multicapa. El escenario resultante muestra el crecimiento de la agricultura y de las zonas urbanas, así como la pérdida de bosques, otras vegetaciones y cuerpos de agua. Esta información evidencia la necesidad de analizar las implicaciones socioambientales que ello podría traer consigo. Abstract The shared border between Mexico and Guatemala is a complex region to analyze due to the diverse dynamics between both countries. One threat to the area is the land-use change, where many drivers of change and environmental conditions make it a priority to analyze. This research studies the land-use changes that occurred between 1990 and 2010; these are used as a basis for constructing a trend scenario to the year 2030 through the use of the multilayer perceptron neural network. The resulting scenario shows the growth of agriculture and urban areas, as well as the loss of forests, other vegetation, and water bodies. This information highlights the need to analyze the socio-environmental implications that this could bring about.

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo proponer un Modelo de estrategia didáctica para fortalecer el aprendizaje de matemática en estudiantes de segundo bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa Vicente Rocafuerte de Ecuador. Se utilizó la metodología de enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo propositivo y con un diseño no experimental. Para el diagnóstico sobre el uso de las TAC en las clases de matemáticas se realizó un cuestionario aplicado a 40 estudiantes objeto de la investigación a través de un formulario de Google, y para identificar las estrategias para fortalecer la enseñanza de las matemáticas se utilizó la revisión de documentos de los últimos 5 años de repositorios digitales. Teniendo como resultado la propuesta de un modelo de estrategias didácticas fundamentado en las teorías del constructivismo basado en los aportes de Ausubel y Vigotsky, el Conectivismo, el método de Polya, considerando además el entorno digital actual. Concluyendo que es necesario el uso de las herramientas tecnológicas, donde existe una avalancha de información que se encuentra al alcance de todos, aspecto, lo que debería ser aprovechado por los docentes, adaptando esta información de manera estratégica y didáctica para facilitar el aprendizaje matemático donde el docente tendría el rol fundamental de orientador de la información para lograr su asimilación.

Understand what are the likely directions and underlying forces for the changes underway in the third decade of the 21st century. To do this, (i) we will start from the classical theory of democracy and describe, first of all, the internal threats it faces. Next, (ii) we will analyze what currency is and its transformations in recent years. Then (iii) we will show the relationship between democracy and currency in the context of sovereignty and the transition from national sovereignty to imperial sovereignty. We will summarize how, from all this, (iv) an imperial order results, with actors who animate and combat it. We will show which are (v) the alternatives for the maintenance and transformation of the world order thus generated. And finally, (vi) from a perspective of democratic realism, we will outline what are the opportunities for sustainable development in this context. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Entender cuáles son las direcciones probables y las fuerzas subyacentes a los cambios en curso en la tercera década del s xxi. Para ello, (i) partiremos de la teoría clásica de la democracia y describiremos, en primer lugar, las amenazas internas a las que se enfrenta. A continuación, (ii) analizaremos que es la moneda y sus transformaciones en los últimos años. Después (iii) mostraremos la relación entre democracia y moneda en el contexto de la soberanía y el paso de la soberanía nacional a la soberanía imperial. Resumiremos como, de todo ello, resulta (iv) un orden imperial, con actores que lo animan y lo combaten. Mostraremos cuales son (v) las alternativas de mantenimiento y transformación del orden mundial así generado. Y por último, (vi) desde una perspectiva de realismo democrático, delinearemos cuales son las oportunidades de desarrollo sostenible en ese contexto.

The aim of the document is to explain why the survival of democracy in its modern liberal version is in question and is increasingly incapable of managing the savage powers that undermine it at home and threaten it abroad. Unlike those who put the emphasis on allegedly external problems - a modern version of the old theories of the barbarians as responsible for the breakdown of political systems - our analysis focuses on structural breakdowns resulting from internal and external processes that mutually reinforce each other. oligarchy and imperial expansion. To show the process, we start from a conception, so to speak, pure of democracy, as shown in the classic texts, capable of masterfully solving the problem of political order. This pure form serves as a point of comparison for what liberal democracy has been abandoning, internally releasing uncontrollable forces impossible to hold under the apparent form of a pluralist state. This process of liberation from the inner savage powers becomes evident when moving from a closed state to open states and finally to an imperial structure. To show the nature of this imperial structure, different in essential aspects from previous empires, we closely follow the great moments of the currency. We show how, at the same time that this imperial expansion was taking place, other savage external powers were created, capable of marking the limits of the expansion of the empire (formally in the form of liberal democracy), so that it has lost its internal attractiveness, moving further and further away from the ideal of classic democracy, loss of attractiveness that is also perceived abroad, as well as its ability to impose its power through law and currency. At this point of unstable equilibrium, where the world finds itself today, where international institutions have lost much or all of their power, there are several options, which essentially, for the time being, are reduced to two: a world divided into spheres of influence or total war. The renegotiation of the order to accommodate all the actors under the same leadership is between improbable and impossible.

La tecnología está cambiando nuestra forma de trabajar, comunicarnos o entretenernos y la educación no puede vivir ajena a esta realidad. Desde una visión sistémica y con una buena dosis de reflexión y coherencia pedagógica, debemos ser capaces de entender y abordar los retos que ya hoy se nos plantean y los que podemos intuir que están por venir y dotar a nuestros docentes de las competencias digitales y personales necesarias para poder afrontarlos contribuyendo a la mejora de la calidad y equidad del sistema educativo.

The study examines spatial and temporal changes in monthly precipitable water vapour (PWV) over Thailand using 37 years of monthly ERA-Interim re-analysis data (1981–2017). PWV from ERA-Interim dat...

En este trabajo reportamos el desarrollo de un sistema de sincronización óptica espacial para satélites pequeños operando en órbita baja (LEO). Este sistema es requerido para un enlace de comunicaciones ópticas satélite - estación terrena. Como parte fundamental, se diseñó e implementó una montura de precisión gimbal con dos grados de libertad controlada por tornillos de ajuste fino y un algoritmo ad-hoc. Generamos en laboratorio una estrella artificial utilizando una fuente láser, fibra monomodo y un telescopio astronómico. Utilizando dicha estrella es posible, sin lanzar el satélite, certificar el buen desempeño de nuestro gimbal con respecto al seguimiento de un faro láser artificial en pruebas de laboratorio. Reportamos asimismo la caracterización del desempeño del subsistema Gimbal en enlaces ópticos atmosféricos. Por otro lado, como base para este diseño, se considera que previamente a la adquisición del faro se llevaría a cabo mediante las etapas de RF, GPS y sistema de actitud, los cuales formarían parte de la plataforma del satélite bajo diseño. Así, las efemérides de la trayectoria satelital son parte fundamental en la etapa de apuntamiento, rastreo y seguimiento inicial del sistema. Debido a la complejidad del sistema reportado en este escrito, se requirió la participación de especialistas de diversas instituciones tales como el CICESE, el INAOE, Cetys-Universidad Ensenada y el Observatorio Astronómico Nacional de la UNAM. Los subsistemas reportados en este trabajo se desarrollaron dentro del marco de un proyecto con Fondos de la Agencia Espacial Mexicana.

The cape gooseberry, Physalis peruviana L., is a crop that is transitioning from a semi-wild rural food source to becoming an international export commodity fruit deserving of greater attention from the scientific community, producers, policy makers and opinion makers. Despite its importance, the crop has serious technological development challenges, mainly associated with the limited supply of genetically improved materials for producers and consumers. In the present study, the level of ploidy of 100 genotypes of gooseberry from a working collection was determined by counting the number of chromosomes and chloroplasts, to include them in the breeding program. The number of chromosomes in dividing cells of root-tip meristems, as well as the number of chloroplasts per guard cell, from plants grown in vitro and ex vitro conditions were determined. Haploid with 24 chromosomes, doubled haploid-tetraploid with 48 chromosomes, aneuploid (44 and 49 chromosomes) and mixoploid genotypes with 36 to 86 chromosomes were found. The number of chloroplasts / cell guard ranged from 4-8, 6-16, 7-16 and 9-21 for the haploid, aneuploid, doubled haploid-tetraploid and mixoploid genotypes, respectively. Evidence of a high cytogenetic diversity in the evaluated genotypes.

Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos​​

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Cryogenic energy storage (CES) system is an emerging technology that can improve the stability of the power grid by responding to imbalances in electrical energy production and consumption, and consequently, contribute to enhancing the participation of grid-connected intermittent renewable energy sources. Additionally, CES systems can be integrated into the industry, power plants and service sectors, providing capacity and energy after a system failure (blackout). Nevertheless, the CES cycle efficiency, its integration and the operation modes of charging and discharging processes require further investigations. This research aims to enhance the performance of the CES technology through the simultaneous operation of the charging and discharging processes, exploring its potential for cogeneration and adopting some modifications in the cycle layout to increase energy production. Moreover, the thesis proposes a systematic methodology for CES systems design and evaluation. The superiority of the conceptual modification referred to the simultaneity of storage and discharge processes with respect to similar technologies is demonstrated. For this, three main alternatives with different operation modes are designed, simulated and evaluated using both thermodynamic and economic criteria. First of all, a thermodynamic analysis and a detailed mathematical model based on mass, energy and exergy balances are developed. Additionally, the main economic methods, such as net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), payback period (PBP), benefit cost ratio (B/C) and levelized costs are assessed. An optimization procedure and a sensitivity analysis using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software are conducted in order to investigate the influence of some parameters on the main indexes and indicators. Based on the established assumptions, it is found that the simultaneous operation of the charging and discharging processes and the layout modification of the CES system produce a reduction in power consumption during the storage process of 19.9 % and an increase in the power production of 59.6 % during the discharging process, leading to a significant improvement of the round-trip efficiency compared to the base case. For waste heat available at 600 K, an outlet pump pressure of 20 MPa and a cryogenic tank capacity of 200 t, the round-trip efficiency attains to be between 38.5 and 46.8 %. The results also showed that specific liquid air yield is found to be 0.412 /, resulting in 39.3 % higher than that of the previous investigation this study is based on. Thermodynamic analyses and optimization show that the exergy density and exergy utilization factor in discharging regime are determined as 133.5 ℎ/3 and 89.2 %, respectively. The exergy density is comparatively higher than that of other technologies, such as pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES) and compressed air energy storage (CAES). The economic analysis suggests that the cogeneration CES system is highly competitive with others storage technologies. The specific investment cost of the optimal CES system resulted from 1301.4 to 782.3 $/ and the payback period ranged from 20.9 to 15.2 years, depending on the CES system scale. Finally, the study reveals that the profitability of the cogeneration CES system is highly sensitive to the waste heat temperature, that is, the higher the reheat temperature, the greater the net present value. O sistema de armazenamento de energia criogênica (CES) é uma tecnologia emergente que pode melhorar a estabilidade da rede elétrica respondendo aos desequilíbrios na produção e no consumo de energia elétrica e, consequentemente, contribuir para aumentar a participação de fontes de energia renováveis intermitentes conectadas à rede. Além disso, os sistemas CES podem ser integrados à indústria, usinas de energia e setores de serviços, fornecendo capacidade e energia após uma falha do sistema (blackout). No entanto, a eficiência do ciclo CES, sua integração e os modos de operação dos processos de carga e descarga requerem investigações adicionais. Esta pesquisa visa aprimorar o desempenho da tecnologia CES por meio da operação simultânea dos processos de carga e descarga, explorando seu potencial de co-geração e adotando algumas modificações no layout do ciclo para aumentar a produção de energia. Além disso, a tese propõe uma metodologia sistemática para projeto e avaliação de sistemas CES. É demonstrada a superioridade da modificação conceitual referente à simultaneidade dos processos de armazenamento e descarga em relação a tecnologias semelhantes. Para isso, três alternativas principais com diferentes modos de operação são projetadas, simuladas e avaliadas usando critérios termodinâmicos e econômicos. Primeiramente, uma análise termodinâmica e um modelo matemático detalhado baseado em balanços de massa, energia e exergia são desenvolvidos. Além disso, os principais métodos econômicos, como valor presente líquido (VPL), taxa interna de retorno (TIR), período de retorno (PBP), relação benefício-custo (B/C) e custos nivelados são avaliados. Um procedimento de otimização e uma análise de sensibilidade utilizando o software Engineering Equation Solver (EES) são realizados para investigar a influência de alguns parâmetros nos principais índices e indicadores. Com base nas premissas estabelecidas, verifica-se que a operação simultânea dos processos de carga e descarga e a modificação do layout do sistema CES produzem uma redução no consumo de energia durante o processo de armazenamento de 19,9 % e um aumento na produção de energia de 59,6 % durante o processo de descarregamento, levando a uma melhoria significativa da eficiência de ida e volta em comparação com o caso base. Para o calor residual disponível a 600 K, uma pressão da bomba de saída de 20 MPa e uma capacidade do tanque criogênico de 200 t, a eficiência de ciclo completo atinge entre 38,5 e 46,8 %. Os resultados também mostraram que o rendimento líquido específico encontrado é de 0,412 /, resultando em 39,3 % maior do que na investigação anterior em que este estudo se baseia. As análises termodinâmicas e a otimização mostram que a densidade de exergia e o fator de utilização de exergia no regime de descarga são determinados como 133,5 ℎ/3 e 89,2 %, respectivamente. A densidade exergética é comparativamente maior do que a de outras tecnologias, como armazenamento de energia hidroelétrica bombeada (PHES) e armazenamento de energia por ar comprimido (CAES). A análise econômica sugere que o sistema CES de cogeração é altamente competitivo com outras tecnologias de armazenamento. O custo de investimento específico do sistema CES ótimo resultou de 1301,4 a 782,3 $/ e o período de retorno variou entre 20,9 e 15,2 anos, dependendo da escala do sistema CES. Por fim, o estudo revela que a rentabilidade do sistema CES de cogeração é altamente sensível à temperatura do calor residual, ou seja, quanto maior a temperatura de reaquecimento, maior o valor presente líquido.

Dynamics of probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG, L. reuteri BioGaia, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB12 and B. longum subsp. longum BB536 were investigated during the fermentation of milk supplemented with extracts of Chondrus crispus (CC), Himanthalia elongata (HE), Laminaria ochroleuca (LO), Palmaria palmata (PP), Porphyra umbilicalis (PU), Ulva lactuca (UL) and Undaria pinnatifida (UP). After 24 h at 37 °C, LGG attained counts above 108 cfu/ml in control milk and in milk with all seaweed extracts while BioGaia only attained that level in milk with CC, HE, PP, PU and UL extracts, B12 in milk with UL and UP extracts, and BB536 in milk with CC, HE, PU and UL extracts. In physiological saline, LGG, BioGaia, BB12 and BB536 were respectively stimulated by 4, 0, 5 and 3 seaweed extracts after 24 h at 37 °C and inhibited by 1, 5, 2 and 0 seaweed extracts. Casein and whey proteins added to physiological saline neutralized inhibition caused by UL extract, increasing probiotic counts by 4–5 log cfu/ml, while lactose and citrate had no significant effect. Milk supplementation with seaweed extracts permitted attaining probiotic counts above 108 cfu/ml at the end of fermentation, a result of practical interest for the dairy industry.

The effect of high pressure processing (HPP) at 400 and 600 MPa for 5 min on Laminaria ochroleuca (kombu seaweed) shelf-life during storage at 4 °C for 180 days was investigated. Viable bacterial counts increased in untreated kombu from 5.42 log cfu/g on day 1 to 8.47 log cfu/g on day 60 while they declined in HPP-treated kombu to 2.53–3.62 log cfu/g on day 1 and remained below 3 log cfu/g during storage. Salting with 40% marine salt and freezing at −24 °C also achieved significant decreases of viable bacterial counts, to levels of 3.94 and 2.75 log cfu/g, respectively, on day 60. Kombu pH, dry matter, water activity, colour parameters and texture parameters were significantly influenced by the preservation procedure. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of kombu samples did not differ on day 1, but on day 180 frozen kombu retained 71.9% of the initial polyphenol content versus 18.7–19.3% in HPP samples and 14.2% in salted samples, and 78.7% of the initial antioxidant capacity versus 22.2–23.1% in HPP samples and 18.3% in salted samples. Proteolytic activity and aminopeptidase activity were more affected by HPP than by salting or freezing on day 1, although all the samples showed similar values afterwards. Industrial relevance HPP, salting and freezing showed to be valid preservation procedures from the point of view of kombu microbiological quality, achieving a shelf-life of at least 180 days. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity remained at higher levels in frozen kombu than in HPP and salted kombu after storage for 180 days.

Con el propósito de determinar el impacto que sobre la preparación académica y profesional de los estudiantes universitarios tiene el uso de internet y las diversas redes sociales (IRS) disponibles se realizó este estudio. Para esto se seleccionaron a 20 estudiantes del último semestre de los ciclos 2017A y 2017B, de la Licenciatura en Agronegocios, a los que se les aplicó una encuesta acerca del uso de IRS, y su relación con el compromiso y/o responsabilidad social. Los datos fueron analizados mediante una prueba “T” de Student al 95% de confianza. Los resultados indican que: sólo 7 de los 20 estudiantes manifestaron reconocer un impactopositivo del IRS en su preparación académica, aunque no en el compromiso hacia su comunidad. El 40% de los estudiantes emplea Facebook, 90% whatsapp y videojuegos y el 30% Twitter, con sólo el 4% recurriendo a internet para accesar y leer revistas científicas (journals) y/o periódicos. El 90% de los estudiantes expresó no tener ningún interés en utilizar el internet para leer revistas, libros o periódicos. Se concluye que los estudiantes no ven al IRS como una herramienta para mejorar su preparación académica y no la ven como una influencia para El papel de internet y redes sociales sobre la preparación académica y profesional, y el compromiso social de los estudiantes de agronegocios del Cucienega – Universidad de Guadalajara incrementar su sentido de compromiso y responsabilidad. De esta forma, es necesario implementar mecanismos efectivos de vinculación que relacionen de manera real a la universidad con el desarrollo y seguimiento profesional del estudiante y sus logros hacia su comunidad Abstract In order to determine the impact on the academic and professional preparation of university students has the use of Internet and the various social networks (IRS) Available This study was conducted. To this end, 20 students were selected from the last semester of the 2017 and 2017B cycles, from the Bachelor's in agribusiness, to which they were given a survey about the use of the IRS, and their relationship with the commitment and/or social responsibility. The data were analyzed by a Student T-Test at 95% of confidence. The results indicate that: only 7 of the 20 students said they recognized a positive impact of the IRS on their academic preparation, but not on the commitment to their community. 40% of students use Facebook, 90% WhatsApp and video games and 30% Twitter, with only 4% using the Internet to access and read journals and/or newspapers. 90% of students expressed no interest in using the Internet to read magazines, books or newspapers. It is concluded that students do not see the IRS as a tool to improve their academic readiness and do not see it as an influence to increase their sense of commitment and responsibility. In this way, it is necessary to implement effective mechanisms of linkage that relate in a real way to the university with the development and professional monitoring of the student and his achievements towards his community

BackgroundThe role of bronchoscopy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a matter of debate.Patients and methodsThis observational multicentre study aimed to analyse the prognostic impact of bronchoscopic findings in a consecutive cohort of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Patients were enrolled at 17 hospitals from February to June 2020. Predictors of in-hospital mortality were assessed by multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 1027 bronchoscopies were performed in 515 patients (age 61.5±11.2 years; 73% men), stratified into a clinical suspicion cohort (n=30) and a COVID-19 confirmed cohort (n=485). In the clinical suspicion cohort, the diagnostic yield was 36.7%. In the COVID-19 confirmed cohort, bronchoscopies were predominantly performed in the intensive care unit (n=961; 96.4%) and major indications were: difficult mechanical ventilation (43.7%), mucus plugs (39%) and persistence of radiological infiltrates (23.4%). 147 bronchoscopies were performed to rule out superinfection, and diagnostic yield was 42.9%. There were abnormalities in 91.6% of bronchoscopies, the most frequent being mucus secretions (82.4%), haematic secretions (17.7%), mucus plugs (17.6%), and diffuse mucosal hyperaemia (11.4%). The independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were: older age (OR 1.06; pConclusionBronchoscopy may be indicated in carefully selected patients with COVID-19 to rule out superinfection and solve complications related to mechanical ventilation. The presence of haematic secretions in the distal bronchial tract may be considered a poor prognostic feature in COVID-19.

10 Pág. Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos​​, Edible seaweeds Chondrus crispus, Codium fragile, Himanthalia elongata, Ulva lactuca and Undaria pinnatifida, without any treatment (control seaweeds), were stored at 4 °C for 15, 30, 60, 15 and 30 days, respectively, until microbial counts exceeded 7 log cfu/g. High pressure processed (HPP) seaweeds, treated at 400 or 600 MPa for 5 min on day 2 after collection, were held at 4 °C until day 180. At the start of storage, 133 volatile compounds were detected in control seaweeds, with 89, 31, 45, 79 and 69 compounds found in C. crispus, C. fragile, H. elongata, U. lactuca and U. pinnatifida, respectively. Chemical groups including the highest number of compounds were aldehydes (24), alcohols (23), ketones (18), hydrocarbons (17) and benzene compounds (14). At the end of storage, 131 compounds were detected in control seaweeds, including 18 aldehydes, 28 alcohols, 23 ketones, 14 hydrocarbons and 13 benzene compounds, and 164 compounds in HPP-treated seaweeds, including 23 aldehydes, 31 alcohols, 19 ketones, 23 hydrocarbons and 15 benzene compounds. Increases in the levels of alcohols, benzene compounds and S-compounds and decreases in hydrocarbons, aldehydes and acids were recorded during storage of some control seaweeds, and increases in the levels of alcohols, acids and N-compounds and decreases in aldehydes, ketones and furans during storage of some HPP-treated seaweeds. Odour acceptance fell below rejection threshold as early as on day 15 for control U. lactuca while it remained acceptable until day 60 for control H. elongata and until day 180 for all the HPP-treated seaweeds. HPP treatment at 400 to 600 MPa for 5 min, in combination with refrigerated storage, is a useful tool for seaweed preservation, given its beneficial effects on microbial quality and sensory characteristics., This research was supported by project AGL2013-42911-R (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain). The courageousness and camaraderie from Ana del Olmo during the performance of this study is acknowledged by the rest of authors

The Transneptunian Automated Occultation Survey (TAOS II) is a blind occultation survey with the aim of measuring the size distribution of Trans-Neptunian Objects with diameters in the range of 0.3 ≲ D ≲ 30 km. TAOS II will observe as many as 10,000 stars at a cadence of 20 Hz with all three telescopes simultaneously. This will produce up to ∼20 billion photometric measurements per night, and as many as ∼6 trillion measurements per year, corresponding to over 70 million individual light curves. A very fast analysis pipeline for event detection and characterization is needed to handle this massive data set. The pipeline should be capable of real-time detection of events (within 24 hours of observations) for follow-up observations of any occultations by larger TNOs. In addition, the pipeline should be fast and scalable for large simulations where simulated events are added to the observed light curves to measure detection efficiency and biases in event characterization. Finally, the pipeline should provide estimates of the size of and distance to any occulting objects, including those with non-spherical shapes. This paper describes a new data analysis pipeline for the detection and characterization of occultation events.