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Resumen La paralisis de Bell es la forma mas comun de paresia o paralisis facial. Sin embargo, no todos los pacientes con paralisis facial tienen una paralisis de Bell. Otras causas frecuentes incluyen las secuelas del tratamiento del neurinoma del viii par, el cancer de cabeza y cuello, la iatrogenia, el zoster otico y los traumatismos. El abordaje de cada una de estas situaciones es totalmente diferente. El objetivo de esta guia es servir de consejo para el tratamiento y el seguimiento de los pacientes con paralisis facial. Nuestra idea es que la guia sea practica, haciendo hincapie en recomendaciones efectivas y utiles en el manejo diario de los pacientes. Esta guia ha sido promovida por la Sociedad Espanola de ORL y escrita por medicos con experiencia en la enfermedad del nervio facial, incluyendo al menos un especialista de cada comunidad autonoma. Redactada en un formato de preguntas y respuestas, incluye 56 cuestiones relevantes relacionadas con el nervio facial.

Bell's palsy is the most common diagnosis associated with facial nerve weakness or paralysis. However, not all patients with facial paresis/paralysis have Bell's palsy. Other common causes include treatment of vestibular schwannoma, head and neck tumours, iatrogenic injuries, Herpes zoster, or trauma. The approach to each of these conditions varies widely. The purpose of this guideline is to provide clinicians with guidance on the treatment and monitoring of patients with different causes of facial paralysis. We intend to draft a practical guideline, focusing on operationalised recommendations deemed to be useful in the daily management of patients. This guideline was promoted by the Spanish Society of Otolaryngology and developed by a group of physicians with an interest in facial nerve disorders, including at least one physician from each Autonomous Community. In a question and answer format, it includes 56 relevant topics related to the facial nerve.

Pendant le cours de «théme oral», matiére appartenant au programme de la Licence d’Espagnol á l’Université de Rouen, nous avons pu constater une série de difficultés que représente la traduction de quelques adverbes fonctionnant comme connecteurs pragmatiques dans le discours (même, donc, d’ailleurs...).Ces adverbes jouent un rôle essentiel en ce qui concerne la cohérence et la cohésion discursives, c’est pour cela que leur traduction est trés importante si l’on veut garantir la transmission du sens.L’utilisation des dictionnaires bilingues peut créer des problémes chez les étudiants, puisqu’en traduisant ces adverbes nous ne trouvons pas d’équivalences de « transcodification » mais, au contraire, des équivalences « dynamiques » ou « contextuelles ».

Rouen, Brest, Limoges, Aix-en-Provence, Toulouse..., c’est à une fuite vers le sud, une fuite en zigzag, que faisait penser récemment la carte des universités françaises dans lesquelles la recherche en linguistique hispanique avait donné lieu à des rencontres entre spécialistes. Contourné – évité ? – par l’ouest, Paris ne semblait pas avoir de place sur cette carte, il n’en va plus de même depuis les 8, 7 et 10 février 1996, c’est-à-dire depuis que s’est tenu à la Sorbonne le VIIe Colloque de Linguistique Hispanique. Venus pour l’occasion de presque toutes les universités françaises mais aussi de Belgique, d’Espagne et de Pologne, de nombreux chercheurs ont confronté leurs points de vue durant trois jours et ont apporté leur contribution à la connaissance des langues de la Péninsule ibérique. Ce sont ces points de vue que rassemble le présent volume. Ils éclairent certaines particularités – diachroniques ou synchroniques – du castillan, du portugais, du catalan et du galicien. Ils permettent de mieux comprendre ce que sont les structures phonétique, phonologique, morphologique, syntaxique, lexicologique et sémantique de ces langues. Ils illustrent les principales méthodes d’analyse que l’on emploie aujourd’hui dans les sciences du langage. Ils permettent en somme de prendre la mesure des progrès réalisés dans un domaine où le savoir est exploité non seulement à des fins pédagogiques – l’enseignement des langues – mais aussi – et de plus en plus – à des fins industrielles (il nourrit de nos jours les « industries » de ta langue).

A crucial challenge to face in the treatment of biofilm-associated infection is the ability of bacteria to develop resistance to traditional antimicrobial therapies based on the administration of antibiotics alone. This study aims to apply magnetic hyperthermia together with controlled antibiotic delivery from a unique magnetic-responsive nanocarrier for a combination therapy against biofilm. The design of the nanosystem is based on antibiotic-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) externally functionalized with a thermo-responsive polymer capping layer, and decorated in the outermost surface with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). The SPIONs are able to generate heat upon application of an alternating magnetic field (AMF), reaching the temperature needed to induce a change in the polymer conformation from linear to globular, therefore triggering pore uncapping and the antibiotic cargo release. The microbiological assays indicated that exposure of E. coli biofilms to 200 µg/mL of the nanosystem and the application of an AMF (202 kHz, 30 mT) decreased the number of viable bacteria by 4 log10 units compared with the control. The results of the present study show that combined hyperthermia and antibiotic treatment is a promising approach for the effective management of biofilm-associated infections., This research was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 814410 (GIOTTO), the European Research Council under ERC-2015-AdG Proposal No. 694160 (VERDI) and the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación grant number PID2020-117091RB-I00. E.Á. thanks the financial support by FPI fellowship No. BES-2016-078767 from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.

espanolLas dos ultimas novelas publicadas por Edna O’Brien, "The Little Red Chairs" (2015) y "Girl" (2019) han sido alabadas de forma unanime por la critica. Philip Roth considero "The Little Red Chairs" como la obra maestra de la escritora en la cubierta del libro, y para Eilis Ni Dhuibne se trato su novela mas ambiciosa (2019), lo cual es mucho decir en el caso de una autora que ha sido un referente en la literatura irlandesa desde los anos 60. Girl, su ultima novela, tambien ha sido resenada positivamente, entre otros, por nombres tan influyentes como Christina Patterson (2019) y Anne Enright (2019)."The Little Red Chairs" se inspira en el episodio historico de la Guerra de los Balcanes y el asedio de Sarajevo. Dividida en tres partes, la novela dirige a sus lectores desde el oeste de Irlanda hasta los Balcanes, pasando por Londres y el Tribunal de La Haya, en una serie de movimientos que sirven a la autora para ilustrar los intercambios migratorios en la sociedad actual, y que involucran a exiliados politicos, refugiados, expatriados y migrantes economicos. "Girl" ha sido descrita por la propia autora como la novela mas dura y dolorosa que ha escrito. En esta ocasion, la historia se basa en el secuestro de mas de doscientas escolares por el grupo yihadista Boko Haram en Nigeria, lugar al que la propia autora se desplazo para entrevistarse con numerosas personas involucradas en el tragico episodio.Nuestro estudio de estas dos novelas se centra en el compromiso etico de Edna O’Brien a la hora de dar voz a las victimas de los acontecimientos mas traumaticos de nuestra sociedad contemporanea, asi como en el analisis del uso, a nivel formal, del genero de la novela con el fin de reflejar el caos, la complejidad, la dislocacion y la fragmentacion causadas por radicalismos, violencia politica y terrorismo. EnglishEdna O’Brien’s last published novels, "The Little Red Chairs" (2015) and "Girl" (2019), have been unanimously praised by criticism. "The Little Red Chairs" has been acclaimed as her masterpiece by Philip Roth in the book jacket cover, and as her most ambitious novel by Eilis Ni Dhuibhne at the moment of its publication (2015), which is a lot to say about an author who has been a referent in Irish literature since the 1960s. Girl has been also praised by influential figures such as Christina Patterson (2019) and Anne Enright (2019), among many other reviewers."The Little Red Chairs" has been inspired by the historical episode of the Balkans War and the siege of Sarajevo. Divided in three parts, the novel takes its readers from the west of Ireland to the Balkans through London and The Hague Tribunal in a series of movements that serve the author to deploy the wide canvas of migratory exchanges in our current society which involve political exiles, refugees, expatriates and economic emigrants. "Girl", has been described by O’Brien herself as “the hardest and the most painful” novel that she has ever written. On this occasion, the narrative is based on the kidnapping of more than two hundred schoolgirls by the Boko Haram Jihadist sect, after the author’s journey to Nigeria, where she interviewed many of the people involved in the tragic episode. My study of these two novels focuses on Edna O’Brien’s ethical compromise, giving voice to the most traumatic episodes and traumatizedvictims of our contemporary society, as well as on her brilliant use of the genre of the novel for recording the chaos, complexity, dislocation and fragmentation caused by radicalisms, political violence and terrorism.

The most influential theorists of multiculturalism and interculturalism have attempted a rigorous re-examination of their proposals, as demonstrated by recent publications such as “Interculturalism versus multiculturalism –The Cantle-Modood debate” (2015) and Multiculturalism and Interculturalism: Debating the Dividing Lines (2016). Both Ted Cantle and Tariq Modood have acknowledged the need to revise the concepts of interculturalism and multiculturalism as a response to the rapidly changing circumstances of contemporary societies. This paper seeks to: briefly review recent assessments of interculturalism and multiculturalism; attempt to establish a dialogue between the interculturalism-multiculturalism debate and the precept of transculturalism (Dagnino 2012, McLeod 2011); and exemplify the usefulness of the transcultural approach in the exegesis of literary fictions such as Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist (2007), a novel that because it operates at the level of both multicultural and intercultural encounters is able to richly contribute to these debates and discourses. The paper argues for the salience of critical terms such as “transnational writer”, “transnational literature”, “transculturality” and “transculturalism” as they offer a critical vocabulary particularly appropriate for the study of the movements and migrations of people that are depicted with increasing regularity in twenty-first century literature in English.

The presence of Hg in soil fractions of different size in eight illuvial horizons of podzols from SW Europe and five from southernmost America was studied. Total Hg concentration (HgT) in the bulk soil was very variable, ranging from 11 to 293 ng g−1, attributed to a different intensity of the pedogenetic and weathering processes. The clay fraction showed the highest HgT average with 509 ng g−1 (range 93–2076 ng g−1), followed by the fine silt with a mean of 222 ng g−1 (range 38–836 ng g−1), while the lowest corresponded to the fine sand with an average of 50 ng g−1 (range 2–150 ng g−1). Mercury enrichment in the finer fractions was supported by the high values of the Hg accumulation factor (HgAF, Hg soil fraction / Hg bulk soil) found in the clay (range 1.4–11.5) and in the fine silt fractions (range 0.9–6.8). If the mass of each fraction with regard to bulk soil was considered, mean Hg content followed this sequence: fine silt (31.3 ng g−1), coarse sand (22.7 ng g−1), clay (18.2 ng g−1), coarse silt (15.2 ng g−1) and fine sand (12.5 ng g−1, n = 13). Silt and clay fractions from illuvial horizons of soils from SW Europe were richer in Hg than those fractions from southernmost America. Mercury levels in finer fractions (fine silt and clay), as well as some geochemical indices of Hg accumulation, were closely correlated to total organic C, organo-metal (Al, Fe) complexes and Al and Fe oxyhydroxides, which also exhibited an accumulation in those fractions, suggesting an active role in the Hg enrichment. The results confirmed that illuvial horizons of podzols, particularly those fractions with the lowest size, play a key environmental function preventing the mobilization of Hg in non-polluted soils towards other compartments of terrestrial ecosystems, such as surface waters and groundwater, in which Hg toxicity could be enhanced.

La adolescencia es un periodo del desarrollo del ser humano en el que proliferan problemas con la percepcion de la imagen corporal, la autoestima y el autoconcepto, mientras el nino se encuentra cursando estudios de Educacion Secundaria Obligatoria. Este estudio analiza el tratamiento curricular que se dedica a la imagen corporal, la autoestima y el autoconcepto en los diferentes elementos legislativos en el ambito educativo de la Comunidad Valenciana (Espana), mediante una metodologia cualitativa, a traves de la tecnica del analisis documental no interactiva. Los resultados del analisis de los documentos, correspondientes a la ordenacion academica de la etapa en esta comunidad autonoma, mostraron una presencia de estos contenidos tanto en los planteamientos del ambito nacional concerniente a la LOE (2006) y el Real Decreto 1631/2006, como en los regionales materializados en el Decreto 112/2007. Aparecen especificamente en algunos elementos del curriculo de materias como Educacion Fisica, Educacion para la Ciudadania, Matematicas, Biologia y Geologia, Ciencias de la Naturaleza y Musica, a pesar de que no en todas ellas adquieren el mismo protagonismo, destacando en este sentido la Educacion Fisica como materia que mas se centra tanto en el trabajo como en el desarrollo de estos aspectos. Dentro de ella se muestra un desequilibrio en cuanto al protagonismo alcanzado en lo que se pretende que aprendan (objetivos) y en su infima plasmacion en las herramientas para alcanzarlo (contenidos), asi como en el como evaluarlo (criterios de evaluacion).

Resumen Los objetivos de la investigación fueron: determinar los niveles de práctica de actividad física en adolescentes, consumo de tabaco y alcohol como fenómeno social, establecer qué tipo de actividad y nivel federativo y dictaminar el nivel de AF en los progenitores; y apreciar cómo influye en la práctica de actividad física regular, el consumo de sustancias, el tipo de deporte practicado y el nivel de práctica de padres y madres. Participaronun total de 2.134 adolescentes, empleándose una hoja de autoregistro para las variables: Práctica de AF, Modalidad, Estado Federativo y Nivel de Actividad Física Familiar; el FTND para determinar elConsumo de Tabacoy el AUDIT para elConsumo de Alcohol.Los principales resultados indican que los adolescentes que practican actividad física no consumen habitualmente sustancias nocivas, están influenciadospor parámetros familiares, realizanen mayor medida deportes de tipo colectivo y están federados en ellos. Abstract The objectives of the research were: to determine the levels of physical activity in adolescents, consumption of snuff and alcohol as a social phenomenon, establish what type of activity and federal level and determine the level of PA in parents, and see how it affects the practice of physical activity regular substance use, the type of sport and level of practice of parents.A total of 2,134 adolescents, using a sheet of self-registration for the variables: Practice AF mode, and federal state level Family Physical Activity, the FTND to determine Snuff consumption and AUDIT for Alcohol Consumption. The main results indicate that adolescents who practice physical activity does not usually consume harmful substances, parameters are influenced by family, made further collective sports type and are federated in them. Resumo Os objetivos da investigação foram: determinar os níveis de prática de atividade física em adolescentes, o consumo de tabaco e álcool como fenômeno social, estabelecer o tipo de atividade e nível federativo e determinar o nível de AF nos progenitores; verificar a influência da prática regular de atividade física, o consumo de substâncias, o tipo de esporte praticado e o nível de prática de pais e mães. Participaram 2.134 adolescentes, utilizando-se uma folha de autorregistro para as variáveis: Prática de AF, Modalidade, Estado Federativo e Nível de Atividade Física Familiar; o FTND para determinar o Consumo de Tabaco e o AUDIT para o Consumo de Álcool. Os principais resultados indicam que os adolescentes que praticam atividade física habitualmente não consomem substâncias nocivas, estão influenciados por parâmetros familiares, realizam mais esportes de tipo coletivo e estão federados neles.

En este trabajo se analiza la relación entre la satisfacción con la imagen corporal, la autoestima y el autoconcepto físico. Los participantes fueron 310 alumnos, de 5º y 6º de Educación Primaria, y 22 profesores en activo, de la zona educativa Motril-Costa (España). Como técnicas cuantitativas, se utilizaron: el Cuestionario de Siluetas Corporales, Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Físico y la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Como técnica cualitativa, se utilizó la entrevista semiestrucutrada. Los resultados muestran que difiere la imagen que tienen y que les gustaría tener. También se aprecia que los chicos tienen un mayor nivel de autoestima. Son las chicas las que se consideran menos hábiles para realizar actividad física y disfrutan en menor medida de estas actividades.

Al hilo del Festival de Cine Iberoamericano que se celebra anualmente en Huelva, un grupo de escolares onubenses desarrollaron una experiencia, utilizando este medio como centro de interés para convertirse en protagonistas de una aventura audiovisual ante y detrás de la cámara. Se relata en este trabajo el proceso seguido así como las posibilidades de explotación didáctica que la actividad generó.

2-Guanadino-3-cyanopyridines 8-33 and pyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidines 35-52 were synthesized by nucleophilic displacement and cyclization of the chloroamidines 6a-d easily obtained by reaction of 2-aminocyanopyridines 5a-d with phosgene iminium chloride and their action on the release of histamine by mast cells examined under immunological and chemical stimulus, with and without pre-incubation. Several 2-guanadino-3-cyanopyridines and pyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidines are shown to be inhibitors of the release of histamine when stimulated with ovoalbumin as antigen or with polymer 48/80 as chemical stimulus. Guanadino-3-cyanopyridine 30 and pyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidine 49 are the more active of all, inhibiting the release of histamine in all the conditions tested (30-60% inhibition). Guanadinocyanopyridines 15, 17, and 19 are very potent stimulators of the release of histamine (150-300%) while pyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidines are mostly inactive. Compounds 28 and 14 present moderate in vitro cytotoxic activity against P-388, A-549, HT-29, and MEL-28 cell lines.

The photochemistry of a model merocyanine-spiropyran system was analyzed theoretically at the MS-CASPT2//SA-CASSCF(14,12) level. Several excited singlet states were studied in both the closed spiropyran and open merocyanine forms, and the paths to the different S(1)/S(0) conical intersections found were analyzed. After absorption of UV light from the spiropyran form, there are two possible ultrafast routes to efficient conversion to the ground state; one involves the rupture of the C(spiro)-O bond leading to the open form and the other involves the lengthening of the C(spiro)-N bond with no photoreaction. From the merocyanine side the excited state can reach a very broad S(1)/S(0) conical intersection region that leads the system to the closed form after rotation of the central methine bond. Alternatively, rotation of the other methine bonds connects the system through different S(1)/S(0) conical intersections to several merocyanine isomers. The present work provides a theoretical framework for the recent experimental results (Buback , J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 1610-1619) and sheds light on the complex photochemistry of these kinds of compounds.

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Resumen basado en el de la publicación Se intenta aportar el uso de un periférico o ayuda técnica como es el Teclado de Conceptos para el desarrollo de la comunicación no vocal de alumnos/as con déficits motores graves, utilizando para ello la Aplicación Informática de Ayuda a la Comunicación no Vocal, SPCTUTOR, diseñada al efecto con el propio software que acompaña al Teclado de Conceptos y determinados sistemas lenguajes de autor que permiten la generación de hipertextos e hipermedias, todo ello trabajando con el ordenador personal en un entorno multimedia (mezcla de imagen fija, imagen en movimiento y sonido). ESP

The ionotropic glutamate receptors activated by N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (iGluR-NMDA) are of great importance in pharmacology since they are involved in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders; they even participate in processes such as synaptic plasticity that are essential for memory formation. Subunit NR1 iGluRs-NMDA is of paramount importance for the appropriate activation of this type of receptors; in fact, many of the pharmaceutical products studied for the abovementioned disorders are targeted specifically to the NR1 subunit. Previous studies have shown that the lowest energy unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) can be used as a parameter to estimate the agonist and antagonist activity of the NR1subunit. Objective. Evaluate the semiemprical method CNDO for the rapid calculation of the LUMO energy with the aim of preparing a simple model for the in silico design of new pharmacological substances. Materials and methods. 168 molecules with agonist and antagonist activity in the NR1 subunit were selected. Energy of each structure was optimized and then we calculated the energy of the frontier orbital, the LogP, total energy, capacity of forming hydrogen bonds, binding energy, and dipolar moment. Results. We demonstrate that LUMO energy is enough for discriminating agonist and antagonist molecules of the NR1 subunit and that the CNDO method evaluates these properties in a rapid and efficient way. Conclusions. The CNDO method facilitates a rapid calculation, enabling a future development of effective procedures for the characterization of potential pharmacological substances acting on this particular site. Key words: iGluR-NMDA, LUMO, agonist, antagonist, CNDO

Resumen Los objetivos de la investigación fueron: determinar los niveles de práctica de actividad física en adolescentes, consumo de tabaco y alcohol como fenómeno social, establecer qué tipo de actividad y nivel federativo y dictaminar el nivel de AF en los progenitores; y apreciar cómo influye en la práctica de actividad física regular, el consumo de sustancias, el tipo de deporte practicado y el nivel de práctica de padres y madres. Participaronun total de 2.134 adolescentes, empleándose una hoja de autoregistro para las variables: Práctica de AF, Modalidad, Estado Federativo y Nivel de Actividad Física Familiar; el FTND para determinar elConsumo de Tabacoy el AUDIT para elConsumo de Alcohol.Los principales resultados indican que los adolescentes que practican actividad física no consumen habitualmente sustancias nocivas, están influenciadospor parámetros familiares, realizanen mayor medida deportes de tipo colectivo y están federados en ellos.