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Although the present that we have been lucky enough to live would admit, without a doubt, multiple descriptions (for example, in terms of uncertainty, disorder or many others), proposing one that emphasizes the way in which it is lived by its protagonists is not without clarification. Because, in effect, the perception that tends to be generalized today, and that largely explains a good part of the features of the current collective imagination, is that in our society not only has the idea of the future been volatilized, while the The past is a place of impossible return, but rather the present in which we live, almost confined, is an environment that is increasingly hostile for an equally growing number of citizens. To a large extent, this hostility -or, to try to make the title of this text somewhat more understandable: a sustained hostility that seems to have no end, in a present that has lost its traditional transience to become pure perseverance in its reality- is related to the problems that this way of living together in which we had deposited so many collective hopes and which responds to the name of democracy has been suffering lately.

“Previous studies investigating the creation of optical frequency combs through parametric modulation of microresonators rely on lumped-element models that do not consider how the modulations are spatially distributed. The current study underscores the crucial role of these spatial distributions in SNAP bottle microresonators, particularly in producing optical frequency combs with low repetition rate.

Aunque el propio Bergson llegó a afirmar que no siempre había manejado una misma noción de tiempo en cada una de sus obras, en este artículo pretendo reconstruir la filosofía bergsoniana del tiempo y tratar de demostrar que hay una concepción unitaria de la durée, solo que desde diversas perspectivas. Un examen atento de algunos pasajes clave de sus obras nos muestra que en Bergson hay una progresiva profundización en la noción de tiempo, que comienza por la duración en la conciencia y culmina en el tiempo del universo. De este modo, Bergson no psicologiza el tiempo, sino que más bien “temporaliza” el mundo y la conciencia.

In metastatic stage, therapeutic approach for malignant melanoma is particularly based on performance status, metastatic sites, and BRAF V600 status (BRAF V600E/V600K or V600R (class I BRAF mutations). In most cases, BRAF mutations and NRAS mutations are mutually exclusive to each other. However, some rare BRAF mutations class III are preferentially associated with a NRAS mutation, leading to the MAP Kinase pathway activation and subsequent cell proliferation. Melanomas with this double mutation are rare and difficult to treat because of the lack of codified therapeutic options. We report a patient with metastatic melanoma, harboring class III BRAF mutation (N581K) associated to NRAS mutation (Q61L) with treatment failure. He was treated in second line, after immunotherapy, by monotherapy of MEK inhibitor (MEKi), which underline the interest of NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) to early identify all mutations and enabling onco-dermatologist to discuss a treatment. Rare BRAF non V600 mutations represent 3 to 14% of melanoma mutants and the aim of this communication is to promote the next generation sequencing to extend the paradigm of individually therapeutic approach with target therapy into different spectrum of melanoma patients.

Abstract The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has already claimed millions of lives and remains one of the major catastrophes in the recorded history. While mitigation and control strategies provide short term solutions, vaccines play critical roles in long term control of the disease. Recent emergence of potentially vaccine-resistant and novel variants necessitated testing and deployment of novel technologies that are safe, effective, stable, easy to administer, and inexpensive to produce. Here we developed three recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) vectored vaccines and assessed their immunogenicity, safety, and protective efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in mice and hamsters. Intranasal administration of rNDV-based vaccine candidates elicited high levels of neutralizing antibodies. Importantly, the nasally administrated vaccine prevented lung damage, and significantly reduced viral load in the respiratory tract of vaccinated animal which was compounded by profound humoral immune responses. Taken together, the presented NDV-based vaccine candidates fully protected animals against SARS-CoV-2 challenge and warrants evaluation in a Phase I human clinical trial as a promising tool in the fight against COVID-19.

Abstract Survivors to COVID-19 have described long-term symptoms after acute disease. These signs constitute a heterogeneous group named long COVID or persistent COVID. The aim of this study is to describe persisting symptoms 6 months after COVID-19 diagnosis in a prospective cohort in the Northwest Spain. This is a prospective cohort study performed in the COHVID-GS. This cohort includes patients in clinical follow-up in a health area of 569,534 inhabitants after SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 diagnosis. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics were collected during the follow up. A total of 248 patients completed 6 months follow-up, 176 (69.4%) required hospitalization and 29 (10.2%) of them needed critical care. At 6 months, 119 (48.0%) patients described one or more persisting symptoms. The most prevalent were: extra-thoracic symptoms (39.1%), chest symptoms (27%), dyspnoea (20.6%), and fatigue (16.1%). These symptoms were more common in hospitalized patients (52.3% vs. 38.2%) and in women (59.0% vs. 40.5%). The multivariate analysis identified COPD, women gender and tobacco consumption as risk factors for long COVID. Persisting symptoms are common after COVID-19 especially in hospitalized patients compared to outpatients (52.3% vs. 38.2%). Based on these findings, special attention and clinical follow-up after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection should be provided for hospitalized patients with previous lung diseases, tobacco consumption, and women.

Abstract Background Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (CEPS) are rare shunts connecting the extrahepatic portal system with the inferior vena cava. Shunt dimensions and the risk of portal hypertension determines the closure strategy. Endovascular treatment is indicated for single stage occlusion of longer length shunts, whereas the remaining shunt types are preferentially surgically occluded. Herein we describe the technical details of a novel endovascular treatment for short length CEPS. Case presentation A 15-years-old male with a short length CEPS complicated with multinodular liver disease was submitted to a multistage closure, as indicated by the high portal pressure values during shunt balloon occlusion venography. Initially a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) was created and the CEPS occluded with an atrial septal defect occluder. In a second procedure the TIPS was embolized with a flow reductor stent and an amplatzer vascular plug II. At a 1 year follow up the liver nodules size reduced, the patient remains asymptomatic, and the shunt adequately closed. Conclusion This paper outlines the potential use of a TIPS and an atrial septal defect occluder combination in complex CEPS, supporting its usage as an alternative to the standard surgical treatment. Level of Evidence: Level 4, Case report.

Background: Treatment optimization for serious infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB), is a challenge for antimicrobial stewardship teams. Currently, SAB guidelines recommend a completely intravenous therapy (CIT). Objectives: The objective of the study was to analyze the usefulness and safety of oral sequential therapy (OST) in SAB. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study in a tertiary teaching hospital in Spain. The inclusion criteria were complicated and non-complicated monomicrobial SAB and an adequate duration of therapy, with patients classified into OST or CIT. The primary endpoint was the 90-day recurrence of S. aureus infection. We also analyzed the mortality, the length of the hospital stay, and the duration of the intravenous antibiotic administration. Results: Of a total of 201 patients with SAB, 125 (62%) underwent OST. The most commonly administered oral antibiotic was trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (66% of patients). Of those administered OST, 43% had complicated bacteremia (most with an osteoarticular source of infection), and 6% had an intravascular device. The 90-day recurrence rate was 4%, with no differences between the two groups. The duration of the therapy (22 [16–28] vs. 13 days [8–17] for CIT and OST, respectively; p < 0.001) and the hospital stay (36 [27–71] vs. 18 days [13–29] for CIT and OST, respectively; p < 0.001) were shorter for OST. MRSA was related with mortality (OR 4.4, 95% CI [1.67−11.37]; p = 0.003). Conclusions: OST for properly selected patients with SAB could be a safe therapeutic option and can reduce their use of CIT and their hospital stay.

Not available.

Within the framework of the current COVID-19 pandemic, there is a race against time to find therapies for the outbreak to be controlled. Since vaccines are still tedious to develop and partially available for low-income countries, passive immunity based on egg-yolk antibodies (IgY) is presented as a suitable approach to preclude potential death of infected patients, based on its high specificity/avidity/production yield, cost-effective manufacture, and ease of administration. In the present study, IgY antibodies against a recombinant RBD protein of SARS-CoV-2 were produced in specific-pathogen-free chickens and purified from eggs using a biocompatible method. In vitro immunoreactivity was tested, finding high recognition and neutralization values. Safety was also demonstrated prior to efficacy evaluation, in which body weight, kinematics, and histopathological assessments of hamsters challenged with SARS-CoV-2 were performed, showing a protective effect administering IgY intranasally both as a prophylactic treatment or a post-infection treatment. The results of this study showed that intranasally delivered IgY has the potential to both aid in prevention and in overcoming COVID-19 infection, which should be very useful to control the advance of the current pandemic and the associated mortality.

At the beginning of the pandemic, we observed that lithium carbonate had a positive effect on the recovery of severely ill patients with COVID-19. Lithium is able to inhibit the replication of several types of viruses, some of which are similar to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, increase the immune response and reduce inflammation by preventing or reducing the cytokine storm. Previously, we published an article with data from six patients with severe COVID-19 infection, where we proposed that lithium carbonate could be used as a potential treatment for COVID-19. Now, we set out to conduct a randomized clinical trial number EudraCT 2020–002008–37 to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lithium treatment in patients infected with severe SARS-CoV-2. We showed that lithium was able to reduce the number of days of hospital and intensive care unit admission as well as the risk of death, reduces inflammatory cytokine levels by preventing cytokine storms, and also reduced the long COVID syndromes. We propose that lithium carbonate can be used to reduce the severity of COVID-19.

N/d.

Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) represents one of the most widespread functional foods of the Mediterranean diet, and is associated with a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mental disorders. In particular, its bioactive spicy molecules, named Capsaicinoids, exhibit polypharmacological properties. Among them, Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is the most studied and reported in variegated scientific contributions for its beneficial effects, often linked to mechanisms of action unrelated to the activation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). In this study, we present the application of in silico methods to Capsaicin for evaluating its inhibitory activity against the tumor-associated human (h) expressed CA IX and XII. In vitro assays confirmed Capsaicin inhibitory activity towards the most relevant tumor-related hCA isoforms. In particular, the hCAs IX and XII showed an experimental KI value of 0.28 μM and 0.064 μM, respectively. Then, an A549 model of non-small cell lung cancer, typically characterized by an elevated expression of hCA IX and XII, was employed to test the inhibitory effects of Capsaicin in vitro under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Finally, the migration assay revealed that Capsaicin [10 µM] inhibits cells from moving in the A549 cells model.

COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of vaccines against its etiologic agent, SARS-CoV-2. However, the emergence of new variants of the virus lead to the generation of new alternatives to improve the current sub-unit vaccines in development. In the present report, the immunogenicity of the Spike RBD of SARS-CoV-2 formulated with an oil-in-water emulsion and a water-in-oil emulsion with squalene was evaluated in mice and hamsters. The RBD protein was expressed in insect cells and purified by chromatography until >95% purity. The protein was shown to have the appropriate folding as determined by ELISA and flow cytometry binding assays to its receptor, as well as by its detection by hamster immune anti-S1 sera under non-reducing conditions. In immunization assays, although the cellular immune response elicited by both adjuvants were similar, the formulation based in water-in-oil emulsion and squalene generated an earlier humoral response as determined by ELISA. Similarly, this formulation was able to stimulate neutralizing antibodies in hamsters. The vaccine candidate was shown to be safe, as demonstrated by the histopathological analysis in lungs, liver and kidney. These results have shown the potential of this formulation vaccine to be evaluated in a challenge against SARS-CoV-2 and determine its ability to confer protection.

Abstract The main targets for neutralizing anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies (HCV-nAbs) are the E1 and E2 envelope glycoproteins. We have studied the characteristics of HCV-nAbs through a retrospective study involving 29 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) with peg-IFNα + ribavirin anti-HCV therapy. Plasma samples at baseline and week 24 after SVR were used to perform neutralization assays against five JFH1-based HCV recombinant viruses coding for E1 and E2 from genotypes 1a (H77), 1b (J4), 2a (JFH1), 3a (S52) and 4a (ED43). At baseline, the majority of plasma samples neutralized 1a, 1b, 2a, and 4a, but not 3a, genotypes. Twenty-four weeks following SVR, most neutralizing titers declined substantially. Furthermore, titers against 3a and 2a were not detected in many patients. Plasma samples with high HCV-nAb titers neutralized all genotypes, and the highest titers at the starting point correlated with the highest titers at week 24 after SVR. In conclusion, high titers of broad-spectrum HCV-nAbs were detected in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals, however, those titers declined soon after SVR.

In recent decades, layered double hydroxides (LDH) have been proposed as innovative corrosion inhibitors for reinforced concrete. Their protective action is based on the ability to intercalate specific anions in the interlayer and on their ability to exchange the intercalated anion. In the present study, an organically charged LDH, with sebacate anions in the interlayer (LDH-S), is proposed as a water-repellent additive for mortar. The waterproofing efficiency of LDH-S and the associated corrosion inhibition ability has been evaluated in reinforced mortar samples. A 42% decrease in the water capillary absorption coefficient has been estimated when 3% LHD-S is added to a mortar. Both the passivation processes of the steel rebars during the curing period and the initiation of corrosion due to chloride exposure have been studied by electrochemical measurements. Three different mortars have been evaluated: reference mortar (REF), mortar with Mg-Al LDH (LDH), and mortar with LDH-sebacate (LDH-S). The latter has shown an important protective capacity for preventing the initiation of corrosion by chloride penetration, with an inhibitory efficiency of 74%. The presence of LDHs without sebacate in the interlayer also improved the performance of the mortar against rebar corrosion, but with lower efficiency (23% inhibitory efficiency). However, this protection is lost after continued chloride exposure over time, and corrosion initiates similarly to the reference mortar. The low corrosion current density values registered when LDH-S is added to the mortar may be related to the increased electrical resistance recorded in this mortar.

Ante nuevos campos de conocimiento, los traductores se enfrentan a lagunas contextuales y termino­lógicas que los diccionarios especializados no cubren. Gracias al potencial que demuestran las herramien­tas de análisis y gestión de corpus, estas se perfilan como indispensables a la hora de estudiar las relaciones gramaticales entre palabras concretas y sus vínculos semánticos, y extraer información definitoria que supla las carencias de los diccionarios en el proceso de traducción. Por ello, esta investigación extrae con­textos definitorios en el ámbito de las tecnologías biomédicas, ámbito de conocimiento en continua expan­sión y con desarrollo constante de técnicas, instrumentos, metodologías y productos, mediante lenguaje de interrogación de corpus (Corpus Query Language, CQL) y expresiones regulares. En otras palabras, se pretende establecer unas pautas para la creación de búsquedas que combinen cql y expresiones regulares, para localizar información que defina, reformule o matice terminología presente en este ámbito. Para ello, se compila un corpus de 100 artículos en francés de investigación sobre ingeniería genética y biotecnología en la herramienta en línea de gestión de corpus Sketch Engine. Las ecuaciones de búsqueda y los ejemplos muestran la utilidad de esta estrategia para localizar contextos ricos en conocimiento que podrían resultar de interés no solo en el ámbito investigador, sino también en el ámbito profesional de la traducción espe­cializada del francés al español, que actualmente cuenta con pocos recursos terminológicos.

Desde los inicios del cine, el contenido musical ha desempeñado un papel fundamental. La música y las canciones son una parte esencial de los productos cinematográficos, especialmente en determinados géneros. El presente artículo realiza un análisis contrastivo de un corpus de doce películas del género de animación infantil y no infantil, musical, comedia romántica y suspense en torno a la modalidad y las estrategias de traducción empleadas según los elementos que priman en cada canción, tales como la rima, la fidelidad o el significado. Los resultados muestran una tendencia al doblaje de canciones en películas destinadas a público infantil, subtitulado de canciones en películas destinadas a público no infantil y no traducción de canciones de la banda sonora no originales.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo la presentación del proyecto PROTECT (PROfessional and TEchnology Competences in Translation). Para su fundamentación y diseño se ha empleado un cuestionario sobre la percepción de las necesidades tecnológicas y profesionales que han respondido 85 estudiantes del grado en Traducción e Interpretación. Con este proyecto se pretende fomentar la adquisición de la subcompetencia instrumental profesional por parte del alumnado universitario, una de las competencias más importantes en el nuevo entorno profesional tecnológico, con el fin de conseguir una transición al mundo laboral más dinámica y efectiva. Para el desarrollo de dicha competencia, se recrean diversos encargos profesionales para los cuales los alumnos tendrán que actuar como traductores profesionales y competir entre ellos para conseguir el encargo, realizarlo con las herramientas tecnológicas profesionales adecuadas, generar facturas y presupuestos y comunicarse con el cliente de manera eficiente para garantizar el éxito de los diferentes encargos y modalidades de traducción. De esta manera, se desarrollará un mayor dominio de herramientas tecnológicas propias del ámbito de la traducción y también transversales para la consecución y desarrollo de encargos reales, logrando una mayor preparación para afrontar diferentes asignaturas especializadas y una menor incertidumbre ante su futuro laboral.

In this study, we developed a new recombinant virus rHVT-F using a Turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vector, expressing the fusion (F) protein of the genotype XII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) circulating in Peru. We evaluated the viral shedding and efficacy against the NDV genotype XII challenge in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. The F protein expression cassette was inserted in the unique long (UL) UL45–UL46 intergenic locus of the HVT genome by utilizing a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene-editing technology via a non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair pathway. The rHVT-F virus, which expressed the F protein stably in vitro and in vivo, showed similar growth kinetics to the wild-type HVT (wtHVT) virus. The F protein expression of the rHVT-F virus was detected by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), Western blotting, and a flow cytometry assay. The presence of an NDV-specific IgY antibody was detected in serum samples by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in SPF chickens vaccinated with the rHVT-F virus. In the challenge experiment, the rHVT-F vaccine fully protects a high, and significantly reduced, virus shedding in oral at 5 days post-challenge (dpc). In conclusion, this new rHVT-F vaccine candidate is capable of fully protecting SPF chickens against the genotype XII challenge.

En cierto sentido, cabría afirmar que la incertidumbre respecto al sentido del propio presente ha acompañado al ser humano desde siempre. Pero la sola persistencia de la cuestión no la convierte automáticamente en una de esas cuestiones eternas, que nunca dejaremos de plantearnos a pesar de saber que no tienen respuesta, como dio en decir un clásico (Kant). Acaso fuera mejor afirmar que no son eternas, pero sí persistentes, y que su interés reside en el hecho de que, a pesar de que el enunciado pueda haberse mantenido durante largo tiempo, lo que sin ningún género de dudas ha ido variando ha sido precisamente el tipo de respuestas que ha recibido. Respuestas que buscaban no solo entender lo que nos pasa, sino también dilucidar qué debemos hacer para que nos pasen mejores cosas de las que nos pasan. Lo que es como decir que, lo haya reconocido o no, la filosofía siempre ha ido de la mano de la política, y hoy no podía ser de otra manera. De ahí la diferencia entre las dos intervenciones que siguen. En la primera se habla de algo de lo que nos pasa, bajo el rubro “política”, mientras que en la segunda se aborda, bajo el rubro “filosofía”, la cuestión del destilado de conocimiento (o de desconocimiento) que obtenemos de dicha experiencia.

Como Editora de la Revista de Ciencias Forenses de Honduras, pero sobre todo como profesional del campo de la Genética Forense, me siento honrada de publicar, la reseña de un libro escrito por autores de muy alto nivel profesional y humano, que viene a llenar un enorme vacío, especialmente para los profesionales de la Genética Forense que hablan español. El libro “Genética Forense. Del Laboratorio a los tribunales”, resume de manera interesante, el camino recorrido de la disciplina y la contribución que incluso algunos de los autores del libro han realizado para que esta haya llegado hasta donde se encuentra hoy. Al leerlo pensé que la evolución de la Genética Forense de manera figurativa representa el largo camino de regreso a casa, al resarcimiento y la reparación que un análisis de ADN implica para algunas víctimas en ciertos contextos, especialmente los Latinoamericanos.

En este breve artículo narramos cómo se construye a diario la democracia en nuestro colegio desde el respeto, la par- ticipación y la convivencia. Desde el respeto, porque si deseamos que los niños y las niñas nos respeten, debemos empezar por respetarles a ellos y a ellas. Desde la partici- pación porque ellos y ellas definen por consenso las nor- mas de convivencia, tanto en el patio, en la clase, biblio- teca, huerto, jardines o cualquier otro espacio del colegio. Y en este construir la democracia día a día, basada en la confianza mutua, nuestro alumnado sabe que va al cole- gio a aprender a pensar y aprender a convivir, porque educar también es convivir.

Viral and host immune kinetics during acute COVID-19 and after remission of acute symptoms need better characterization. SARS-CoV-2 RNA, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM, and IgG antibodies, and proinflammatory cytokines were measured in sequential samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients during acute infection and six months following diagnosis. Twenty four laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients with mild/moderate and severe COVID-19 were included. Most were males (83%) with a median age of 61 years. Twenty one percent were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and eight of them (33.3%) met the criteria for severe COVID-19 disease. A delay in SARS-CoV-2 levels’ decline during the first six days of follow up, and viral load persistence until month 3 were related to severe COVID-19, but not viral load levels at the diagnosis. Higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM, IgG and the cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and MIP-1β at the diagnosis time were related to the severe COVID-19 outcome. Higher levels of MIP-1β, IL-1β, MIP-1α and IFN-γ were observed at month 1 and 3 during mild/moderate disease, compared to severe COVID-19. IgG persisted at low levels after six months of diagnosis. In conclusion, higher concentrations of IgA, IgM, and IgG, and IL-6, IL-8 and MIP-1β are identified as early predictors of COVID-19 severity, whereas no significant association is found between baseline SARS-COV-2 viral load and COVID-19 severity.

Harm reduction is suggested as a paradigm shift in addressing problematic drug use, the goal of the model is to lessen the consequences of dependence. The World Health Organization emphasizes harm reduction services such as syringe programs and opioid substitution therapy and human rights protection. Nurses, as they are frequently the first contact with the healthy and / or sick client, besides acting as an important axis in the multidisciplinary work, within the interventions it is possible to participate in strategies of communication between pairs, provision of services that improve consumer safety, support in substitution medical treatment for opiate dependency and support groups. In Mexico, there is a lack of training in human resources, a lack of economic resources for programs to prevent and treat addictions, the lack of development of government programs under the harm reduction model, the persistence of stigma and discrimination in the use and abuse of substances, the above, offers a field of training, updating and intervention for the profession developing activities of early detection, promotion and education for health.

Introduction The implementation of home-based cardiac rehabilitation has demonstrated potential to increase patient participation, but the content and the delivering of the programmes varies across countries. The objective of this study is to investigate whether an Australian-validated mobile health (mHealth) platform for cardiac rehabilitation will be accepted and adopted irrespectively from the existing organisational and contextual factors in five different European countries.Methods and analysis This international multicentre feasibility study will use surveys, preliminary observations and analysis to evaluate the use and the user’s perceptions (satisfaction) of a validated mHealth platform in different contextual settings.Ethics and dissemination This study protocol has been approved by the Australian research organisation CSIRO and the respective ethical committees of the European sites. The dissemination of this trial will serve as a ground for the further implementation of an international large randomised controlled trial which will contribute to an effective global introduction of mHealth into daily clinical practice.

ABSTRACT: The growth of cachama hybrids, cachamoto (Colossoma macropomum ♀ x Piaractus brachypomus ♂) and cachamay (P. brachypomus ♀ x C. macropomum ♂) was compared for 154 days to determine which showed the better productivity. The experiment was carried out in three earth ponds, each divided transversely with a plastic net, yielding six experimental units. Juveniles of cachamoto of 12.95±2.43g and 6.75±0.42cm and cachamay of 16.65±3.64g and 7.41±0.62cm were distributed in each sub-tank of 240m2 at a density of 0.5 fish m-2. Fish were fed twice daily except on days when their weight and length, and the physical and chemical parameters of the water were measured. The following productive variables were evaluated: growth in weight and length, daily weight gain, daily feed intake, apparent feed conversion, specific growth rate, condition factor, productivity and the cost/benefit relationship. None of the analyzed variables presented statistical difference between treatments. Physical and chemical parameters of the water remained within the recommended values for cachama, and survival was 100%. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that cachama reciprocal hybrids present a similar productive behavior, so that it is indifferent which one is chosen to be raised under the conditions evaluated.

Introducción: Con el aumento de la edad se presenta un descenso de las capacidades físicas, cognitivas y psicológicas, como respuesta a la necesidad de atención y cuidado han aparecido asilos o casa hogares para atender las necesidades de la población adulto mayor. Objetivo: identificar la influencia de la estancia en casa hogar o asilo en la calidad de vida del adulto mayor. Metodología: es una revisión bibliográfica, se guió por recomendaciones del protocolo PRISMA, mediante una búsqueda en distintas bases de datos electrónicas reconocidas, se identificaron 959 artículos primarios por región, la evaluación metodológica se utilizó el Checklist STROBE, después de utilizar los criterios se obtuvieron 18 artículos, se puede considerar que las casas hogar o asilos surgen para dar respuesta a los problemas y necesidades del adulto mayor, a pesar de esto dicha población presenta diversas complicaciones en sus condiciones de vida, además de desarrollar enfermedades y tener poco seguimiento por familiares; los adultos mayores califican su estancia como mala en general. Resultados y conclusiones: existe un deterioro de la calidad de vida del adulto mayor institucionalizado, que se implica en las funciones físicas, cognitivas y psico-emocionales, además de enfatizar la presencia de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas que representan un riesgo para la salud del adulto mayor y esperanza de vida. Se considera necesario promover políticas públicas que fomenten el envejecimiento saludable.

Background and Aim: Gumboro disease is an economically crucial veterinary condition in chickens. It is caused by the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). This virus consists of two serotype groups, of which serotype I strain is pathogenic to chickens. For many years, the development of molecular techniques for either diagnostic purposes or surveillance of the appearance of new pathogenic strains has mainly focused on targeting the VP2 genomic region. However, due to the constant necessity for the discrimination between already prevalent vaccine strains and new pathogenic strains of this virus, it becomes imperative to have an immediate molecular method targeting a consensus sequence to achieve this task using field samples to reduce costs. Consequently, we focused on developing a novel reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure solely for this purpose. Materials and Methods: Eight VP5 sequences were aligned, and the sequence with the majority of nucleotide coincidences was used to design a set of consensus primers. Then, a pathogenic strain of IBDV was propagated in embryonated chicken eggs, and the viral RNA was extracted. Finally, the conditions for this novel RT-PCR were evaluated using a commercial kit and the newly designed primers. Results: After determining the optimal RT-PCR conditions, the newly designed primers successfully amplified a 402-bp consensus sequence of the VP5 gene. In addition, these primers specifically amplified the VP5 sequence of the IBDV-positive samples, not the other samples previously confirmed to be positive for other common poultry pathogens. Conclusion: Our novel RT-PCR procedure has been demonstrated to be helpful in selectively amplifying the consensus sequence of the VP5 gene, indicating that this novel RT-PCR procedure constitutes an important and useful tool to execute initial discrimination of field-retrieved samples containing and not containing virulent strains of this virus before deciding to execute a blindly and more costly sequencing procedure of all the samples together.

El objetivo fue determinar la influencia del ácido naftalenacético en la calidad y en componentes del rendimiento de melones tipo Cantaloupe `Navigator' y `Thunderbird'. El experimento se realizó en el campo experi- mental del Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Se evaluaron tres tratamientos de ácido naftalenacético (0.1, 0.2 y 0.4 mg L-1) más un testigo (0.0 mg L-1), en un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones; las variables de estudio fueron peso, longitud ecuatorial, longitud polar, concentración de sólidos solubles totales (SST), firmeza de pulpa, color de la pulpa y compuestos aromáticos. Los resultados muestran que los tres tratamientos de ácido naftalenacético indujeron mayor firmeza y contenido de SST en frutos de melón `Navigator', mientras que para `Thunderbird' estos tratamientos indujeron menor firmeza y contenido de SST. Los tratamientos de ácido naftalenacético incrementaron la concentración de propionato de etilo y acetato de butilo en `Navigator', para `Thunderbird' los tratamientos se relacionaron con mayor concentración de isobutirato de etilo y acetato de etilo. Los tres tratamientos de ácido naftalenacético no presentaron efecto significativo para peso, longitud ecuatorial y polar en comparación con el testigo. El ácido naftalenacético influyó en los parámetros de calidad de los frutos, pero no ocasionó efectos significativos en los componentes del rendimiento.

ABSTRACT Cells that actively transcribe HIV-1 have been defined as the “active viral reservoir” in HIV-infected individuals. However, important technical limitations have precluded the characterization of this specific viral reservoir during both treated and untreated HIV-1 infections. Here, we used a novel single-cell RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization-flow cytometry (FISH-flow) assay that requires only 15 million unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to characterize the specific cell subpopulations that transcribe HIV RNA in different subsets of CD4+ T cells. In samples from treated and untreated HIV-infected patients, effector memory CD4+ T cells were the main cell population supporting HIV RNA transcription. The number of cells expressing HIV correlated with the plasma viral load, intracellular HIV RNA, and proviral DNA quantified by conventional methods and inversely correlated with the CD4+ T cell count and the CD4/CD8 ratio. We also found that after ex vivo infection of unstimulated PBMCs, HIV-infected T cells upregulated the expression of CD32. In addition, this new methodology detected increased numbers of primary cells expressing viral transcripts and proteins after ex vivo viral reactivation with latency reversal agents. This RNA FISH-flow technique allows the identification of the specific cell subpopulations that support viral transcription in HIV-1-infected individuals and has the potential to provide important information on the mechanisms of viral pathogenesis, HIV persistence, and viral reactivation. IMPORTANCE Persons infected with HIV-1 contain several cellular viral reservoirs that preclude the complete eradication of the viral infection. Using a novel methodology, we identified effector memory CD4+ T cells, immune cells preferentially located in inflamed tissues with potent activity against pathogens, as the main cells encompassing the transcriptionally active HIV-1 reservoir in patients on antiretroviral therapy. Importantly, the identification of such cells provides us with an important target for new therapies designed to target the hidden virus and thus to eliminate the virus from the human body. In addition, because of its ability to identify cells forming part of the viral reservoir, the assay used in this study represents an important new tool in the field of HIV pathogenesis and viral persistence.

Por: Manuel Cruz

Frecuentemente se asume en los estudios de Platón que su concepción del ἔρως tiene un mero carácter instrumental respecto a la contemplación del bien, la belleza y la justicia; ha sido objeto de debate hasta qué punto los sentimientos y apetitos tienen importancia en su teoría del amor. Podría parecer que para Platón lo verdaderamente importante habría sido el conocimiento, y el amor, en todo caso, sólo entra en la vida porque supone un impulso para la contemplación. Frente a esta interpretación intelectualista del amor propongo una lectura de Platón (concretamente de algunos pasajes del Banquete, Fedro y República) que interprete el amor, en la línea de Charles Kahn, como una fuerza inscrita en lo más profundo del ser humano. Deseo, contemplación y acción no aparecen como conceptos contrarios, sino como elementos fundamentales de su ética.

En este artículo analizo la noción de psicopolítica en el pensamiento de Byung-Chul Han. Trato de mostrar cómo transforma la comprensión biopolítica (desarrollada por Foucault, Esposito y Agamben) en un nuevo marco comprensivo que parte de la influencia de las nuevas tecnologías y las nuevas estructuras sociales y laborales en los individuos. Si en la edad moderna la biopolítica emerge en el cuerpo social como una práctica inmunológica (el control venía desde fuera), Han señala que actualmente los individuos se imponen un nuevo control desde dentro para ser más efectivos (psicopolítica). Analizo también cómo se relaciona su noción de psicopolítica con su tratamiento del poder.

La presencia de grandes piezas líticas talladas bifacialmente es una constante en los contextos de la Edad del Cobre en el interior de la Península Ibérica. El brillo apreciable a simple vista en su filo denticulado ha sido atribuido a su uso como hoz. El estudio que ahora presentamos contradice parcialmente esta propuesta, ya que la mayor parte de las piezas halladas en el yacimiento de El Casetón de la Era (Villalba de los Alcores, Valladolid) no eran hoces sino elementos de trillo. Estamos ante las evidencias más antiguas de su uso en la Península Ibérica. Este tipo de piezas tienen cierta semejanza con las encontradas en el Próximo Oriente durante la Edad del Bronce.

The name Albuca caudata Jacq. has been widely misunderstood or even ignored since its description in 1791. After studying herbarium specimens and living populations in South Africa, plants fitting Jacquin´s concept of that species are found to be widely distributed in the Eastern Cape, mainly in the Albany centre of Endemism. Furthermore, some divergent specimens matching Baker´s concept of A. caudata are described as a new related species: A. bakeri. Data on typification, morphology, ecology, and distribution are reported for both taxa. Affinities and divergences with other close allies are also discussed.

 With the finality to evaluate yield stability of varieties of wheat Cachanilla F-2000 (C), Yécora F-70 (Y) and Triguenio F-00 (TR), in El Valle de Mexicali, Baja California, under four environments of test, using the using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model (AMMI), was developed trials during the period from 2007 to 2008, with an experimental random block design with four (4) replicates. The results showed that the analysis of genotype x environment interaction was highly significant (P

Background: Advanced cirrhosis is related to alterations in immunity. We aimed to evaluate the levels of peripheral CD4+ T cells (Tregs) and plasma cytokine in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) according to liver fibrosis stages [evaluated as liver stiffness measure (LSM)] and their linear relationship. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on 238 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients (119 had 25 kPa). Peripheral T-cell subsets were phenotyped by flow cytometry, plasma biomarkers were assessed by multiplex immunoassays, and LSM was assessed by transient elastography. Results: We found HIV/HCV-coinfected patients had higher values of CD4+ Tregs (p < 0.001), memory Tregs (p ≤ 0.001), and plasma cytokine levels [IFN-γ (p ≤ 0.05) and IL-10 (p ≤ 0.01)] compared with healthy donors and HIV-monoinfected patients. In the multivariate analysis, higher LSM values were associated with reduced levels of IL-10 (adjusted arithmetic mean ratio (aAMR) = 0.83; p = 0.019), IL-2 (aAMR = 0.78; p = 0.017), TNF-α (aAMR = 0.67; p < 0.001), and IL-17A (aAMR = 0.75; p = 0.006). When we focus on HIV/HCV-coinfected patients analyzed by LSM strata, patients with ≥25 kPa had lower values of IL-2 (aAMR = 0.66; p = 0.021), TNF-α (aAMR = 0.565; p = 0.003), and IL-17A (aAMR = 0.58; p = 0.003) than patients with

El objetivo del presente estudio fue el de definir el perfil cineantropométrico, la composición corporal y la condición física en 13 jugadoras de nivel nacional femeninas de balonmano. Para ello se evaluó antropométricamente a las deportistas, además se estudio la condición física mediante un test de velocidad en 30 m, un lanzamiento de balón (estático y 3 pasos), y un test de fuerza isométrica máxima (FIM) de los flexores de la mano. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo básico y correlacional (P ≤ 0,05). Los resultados encontrados muestran que las deportistas tienen valores antropométricos similares a jugadoras de balonmano de otros países, además de una condición física elevada, a excepción de la FIM. Por último se halló una correlación significativa entre la velocidad de lanzamiento tanto estática (R = 0,87; P = 0,001) como dinámica (R = 0,73; P = 0,016) y la FIM. Las jugadoras de nivel nacional poseen características antropométricas similares a las de otros países. La condición física es una variable determinante para el rendimiento físico en jugadoras de balonmano de nivel. El test de FIM es válido para determinar el rendimiento en el lanzamiento de balón

La desaparición de la idea de progreso en el pensamiento postilustrado constituye uno de los convencimientos centrales del entramado de tópicos que forman el imaginario social contemporáneo. Pero dicho convencimiento, en cierto modo presente desde los orígenes de la propia tradición ilustrada, da lugar a efectos discursivos de considerable importancia, a una particular modalidad de efectos perversos en materia de pensamiento, no siempre suficientemente aquilatados al certificar dicha desaparición.

Se analizan los aspectos principales que se deben tener en consideración en la enseñanza relativa a un tema de gran actualidad, como mejorar la relación entre paciente, familia y médico (PPF). Se hace especial énfasis en los siguientes puntos: Fomentar la relación con las Asociaciones de Enfermos y familiares. Mejorar los sistemas de información, desde el contacto inicial con la familia. Suprimir todo impedimento para que el niño hospitalizado esté junto a su familia, que debe tener un papel activo en su cuidado, procurando además que la hospitalización sea lo más corta posible. Implantación y perfeccionamiento de las aulas hospitalarias, para apoyo tanto educativo como psicológico del niño hospitalizado. Mejorar la formación en este tema de la relación PPF en todos los niveles de enseñanza, dejando constancia del problema en pregrado, para conocerlo a fondo en la etapa de postgrado y luego revisarlo en la formación pediátrica continuada. No olvidar la importancia de contar con medios suficientes, tanto de personal como de recursos técnicos diagnóstico- terapéuticos, cuyas deficiencias distorsionarán la relación PPF. Motivación del personal asistencial, como actitud de estar junto al niño y su familia en una atmósfera de humanismo. Además de tenerla es preciso demostrarla. Organización adecuada, en cuanto una falta de puntualidad, una carencia de tiempo o un mal funcionamiento del archivo, puede dar a traste con los mejores propósitos. Procurar que en el trabajo en equipo quede bien claro quien es el profesional responsable y encargo de dar la debida información. Adaptación a las distintas situaciones, tanto por la edad (no será igual en el parculo, escolar o adolescente), como por el rango familiar (padres, abuelos, otras personas) y el nivel social, cultural y religioso. Conocimiento del actual impacto poderoso de los medios de comunicación, en cuanto la prensa, radio, televisión o internet pueden tener "efectos secundarios desfavorables" al proporcionar a la familia y al mismo paciente una información incompleta o incorrecta, que en todo caso debe ser conocida por el profesional sanitario. Adaptación del perfil humano y profesional del pediatra para una buena relación con la familia y el paciente, aspecto que- como todo- va cambiando, de modo que esté en condiciones de sintonizar con un contexto familiar variable, con la maduración acelerada del menor, con la burocratización de la medicina y el ambiente de la ciudad. En todos inciden factores que aumentan la ansiedad y la mayor exigencia, lo que son obstáculos para una buena relación PPF.A pressing issue in paediatric education is to improve Patient-Paediatrician and Family relationships (PPFR). This paper highlights the following aspects: promoting the connection between paediatricians and Patient/Family organizations; improving the information system, from the moment of the first contact with the family: eliminating barriers to allow parents to accompany admitted children at all times; and encouraging parents to play a more active role in their children’s in-patient care. Hospitalization should be as short as possible. Hospital schools should be established, and those already existing should be improved, given their important psychological and educational role. PPFR must be improved at all levels of paediatric education, stressing its importance at undergraduate level, exploring the subject in detail in postgraduate training, and performing periodic concept reviews in continuing education. However, PPFR can be impaired as a result of staff shortages or insufficient diagnostic and therapeutic means. A motivated health team contributes to promote a truly humanistic climate for the patient and family. Efficient organization is essential, since lack of time, repeated delays or defective archives may undermine the best intentions. In the teamwork setting, the staff in charge of the patient must be appointed promptly and must take responsibility for providing information. Patient’s age (toddler, children or adolescent), the relationship of the family member (parent, grand-parent, or other), and the social, cultural and religious background are all variables that should be taken into account. The media have a great impact: newspapers, radio, television and Internet may have an unwanted effect if the family receives incomplete or incorrect information. Staff should be aware of the dangers of this media information. To achieve appropriate PPFR in these changing times, the paediatrician’s professional and human profile needs to bear in mind the variability of family structures, the rapid maturity of the young, the problems posed by the bureaucracy of the health system and city lifestyle. All these factors add to the complexity of the task and may induce anxiety, thus impeding a satisfactory PPFR.

Tras una inicial aproximación a la génesis del concepto de responsabilidad, génesis en la que se empiezan a percibir algunos de los rasgos del mismo que terminarán por hacerse explícitos en nuestros días, el trabajo se centra en señalar las implicaciones (y, sobre todo, las consecuencias) que tiene adscribir decididamente la responsabilidad a la época moderna y, en concreto, al surgimiento de la civilización industrial. Acaso una de las más importantes sea la de obligarnos a plantear toda una serie de asuntos en conexión necesaria con otro tema-eje del pensamiento moderno, el de la identidad. Junto a dicho tema, en el texto quedan apuntados otros, como el de la justa escala en la que abordar tales asuntos (o, lo que viene a ser lo mismo, el problema de las presuntas responsabilidades colectivas) o el del mal, por citar sólo dos, cuya envergadura puede servir como indicador de la importancia que presenta el concepto de responsabilidad en el pensamiento contemporáneo.