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Finding strategies that promote sustainability in the recovery of metals with industrial applications is imperative to reduce costs and mitigate environmental impacts. The use of environmentally friendly reagents such as glycine is being widely investigated due to the benefits that its application entails from an industrial, economic, and environmental perspective. We sought through this study to advance in the application of glycine leaching systems for the recovery of copper from different wastes and minerals while determining the optimal conditions for its recovery. Experimental results showed that among the 3 feedstocks tested (two mining wastes and one sulfide mineral) under the established operating conditions (room temperature and different alkaline pHs), the best copper recovery was obtained with the most oxidized waste at pH 9.5, which allowed a 100% of copper recovery along with low leaching of Fe and As. Furthermore, the characterization of its final post-leaching residue showed phytostimulant properties. Unfortunately, these selected conditions did not yield favorable results for the sulfide mineral and the less oxidized wastes. In this case, further research will be necessary to achieve higher metal recoveries.

Como en otros países, en el Perú, el bajo rendimiento escolar es un mal que afecta a una gran cantidad de estudiantes. El aprendizaje de las matemáticas, en nuestro contexto es parte de problemática nacional. No obstante, pese a las diferentes propuestas en numerosos estudios, los resultados científicos muestran que no estamos teniendo efectos en la mejora según los exámenes censales, ni en las políticas educativas. El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en presentar una revisión sistemática referente al aprendizaje basado en juegos, aplicado de manera central a la enseñanza de las matemáticas en la educación sobre todo en la educación secundaria, para ello tomaremos en cuenta los fundamentos existentes sobre los cambios que ha ocasionado en las aulas la aplicación del método lúdico que a pareces son notables y considerables formando nuevos entornos de aprendizaje para la matemáticas , los cuales logran asimilar la atención de muchos estudiantes, motiva el compromiso y mejores resultados en el aprendizaje. Se empleó una metodología de revisión de literaria por años desde el 2010 al 2020 partiendo de quince estudios bibliográficos así mismo bases de datos de significativo interés en el ramo educacional, se procede a realizar el análisis bibliográfico respectivo, la evaluación de calidad y a generar las conclusiones correspondientes. Los resultados muestran los diferentes resultados obtenidos por los autores considerados en el presente que abordan mediaciones variadas y que se orientan al desarrollo cognitivo, afectivo, socioemocional, de habilidades blandas y de comportamiento dentro del área de Matemática. Estos resultados permitirán a los futuros investigadores y a las instituciones educativas interesadas en el tema, analizar la significancia y los aportes reeelevantes que trae el uso de los juegos en el aprendizaje.

La investigación tuvo por objetivo proponer un modelo de estrategias metacognitivas para mejorar el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa de Calamarca, mediante una investigación de enfoque cuantitativa, alcance descriptivo, diseño no experimental, de tipo transversal descriptivo propositivo. El grupo de estudio estuvo conformado por 60 estudiantes, a quienes se les aplicó Test para determinar el nivel de habilidades del pensamiento crítico, validada por expertos con una confiabilidad muy buena de 0,805. Los principales resultados manifestaron que, la mayor parte de los estudiantes no han alcanzado el nivel logro previsto en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, con 88,34%. Ante ello, se propuso el Modelo de Estrategias metacognitivas a fin de mejorar los resultados alcanzados.

[ES] A lo largo de los años, el sistema educativo español ha visto pasar la evolución tecnológica quedando detenida en el tiempo, específicamente en la forma en que se imparte el conocimiento. Existe una carencia en el desarrollo del contenido curricular y no precisamente por falta de información, sino por la forma en que se orienta el conocimiento a los estudiantes. Teniendo en cuenta que la tecnología ha avanzado, no hacer uso de esta es desaprovechar los recursos que existen para hacer que los alumnos tengan más interés por el conocimiento y por ello reducir el abandono escolar. Por tanto, el presente Trabajo Fin de Máster consiste en el diseño y desarrollo de un producto lúdico práctico para la enseñanza del área de tecnología en 4º de la ESO. Esta propuesta será un complemento al docente, para ofrecer a los jóvenes conocimiento de una forma lúdica acompañando a la teoría y así lograr que los conceptos no queden solo en un texto., [EN] Throughout the years, the Spanish educational system has seen technological evolution pass by remaining stopped in time, specifically in the way in which knowledge is imparted. There is a lack in the development of curricular content and not because of lack of information, but because of the way in which knowledge is oriented to students. Taking into account that technology has advanced, not making use of it is a waste of resources that exist to make students more interested in knowledge and reduce school dropout. Therefore, the present Master's Thesis consists of the design and development of a practical playful product for teaching the area of technology in the 4th grade of ESO. This proposal will be a complement to the teacher, to offer young people knowledge in a playful way tied to the theory and thus achieve that the concepts do not remain only in a text.

This article analyses the formulation and implementation of post-conflict policies in Colombia in relation to the section 4 of the Peace agreement between the government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC-EP), which talks about “Solutions to illicit drug problems” based on the critical approach focused on peace building (Liberal Peace VS Hybrid Peace) suggested by Oliver Richmond (2015). The analysis develops from a methodology on qualitative approach, a balance from public politics and a systematization of contrasted data based on theoretical approaches. It is argued that, despite the hybrid and contextualized notion evidenced by the agreement on confronting illicit crops, in practice, the implementation of PNIS responds to the mono-ontological and technocratic notion of Neoliberal peace. This has been expressed in the short term (2016 - 2020) through two variables: 1. The targeting of spending as a solution to the problem of crops. 2. Community legitimizing participation of the liberal vision in the implementing of the territorial collective agreements., Este artículo presenta un análisis de la formulación e implementación de los programas y políticas del posacuerdo en Colombia respecto al punto 4 del Acuerdo de paz entre el Gobierno de Colombia y las FARC-EP sobre la Solución al problema de las drogas ilícitas a partir del enfoque crítico de construcción de paz —paz liberal versus paz híbrida—. El análisis se desarrolla a partir de una metodología de enfoque cualitativo, un balance de políticas públicas y una sistematización de datos contrastados a partir de los enfoques teóricos. Se sostiene que, a pesar de la noción híbrida y contextualizada que evidencia el Acuerdo frente al desafío de los cultivos ilícitos, en la práctica la formulación e implementación del PNIS responde a la noción monoontológica y tecnocrática de la paz (neo)liberal. Esto se ha expresado en el corto plazo (2016-2020) a través de dos variables: a) la focalización del gasto como solución al problema de los cultivos y b) la participación comunitaria y legitimadora de la visión liberal en la implementación de los acuerdos colectivos y territoriales.

Background: Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) are recommended in diabetic and proteinuric nondiabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, therapy with ACEi/ARBs is associated with an increased risk of hyperkalemia. For the management of chronic hyperkalemia, physicians are faced with the important clinical decision of whether to discontinue ACEi/ARBs or continue them despite a risk of hyperkalemia reoccurring. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of discontinuing ACEi/ARBs after an episode of hyperkalemia in patients with CKD. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using administrative health data from Manitoba, Canada. All adults (≥ 18 years old) with an episode of de novo hyperkalemia (defined as serum potassium ≥ 5.5 mmol/L) and CKD who were current ACEi/ARB users at the time of their hyperkalemia episode were included. We examined the association between ACEi/ARB exposure and study outcomes in patients with an episode of hyperkalemia using Cox proportional hazards regression models where our primary analysis assessed continuation of ACEi/ARB versus discontinuation as a time-dependent variable. In sensitivity analyses, this association was assessed using intention-to-treat, as well as dose reduction analyses. Results: In our cohort, 34,317 people who had an episode of hyperkalemia were identified, of which 8,534 had CKD and were current ACEi/ARB users at baseline. Ninety days after the episode of hyperkalemia, 7,203 surviving patients were included for analyses. In time-dependent analysis, ACEi/ARB discontinuation was associated with a more than 2-fold higher risk of both all-cause [hazard ratio (HR) 2.68, 95% CI: 2.48-2.89] and cardiovascular mortality [HR 2.42, 95% CI 2.10-2.77]. Intention to treat analyses showed similar results. Suboptimal dose use was associated with increased all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.10-1.33) compared to maximal daily dose. Conclusion

The ability to rapidly discriminate successive auditory stimuli within tens-of-milliseconds is crucial for speech and language development, particularly in the first year of life. This skill, called Rapid Auditory Processing (RAP), is altered in infants at familial risk for language and learning impairment (LLI) and is a robust predictor of later language outcomes. In the present study, we investigate the neural substrates of RAP, i.e., the underlying neural oscillatory patterns, in a group of Italian 6-month-old infants at risk for LLI (FH+, n = 24), compared to control infants with no known family history of LLI (FH−, n = 32). Brain responses to rapid changes in fundamental frequency and duration were recorded via high-density electroencephalogram during a non-speech double oddball paradigm. Sources of event-related potential generators were localized to right and left auditory regions in both FH+ and FH− groups. Time-frequency analyses showed variations in both theta (Ɵ) and gamma (ɣ) ranges across groups. Our results showed that overall RAP stimuli elicited a more left-lateralized pattern of oscillations in FH− infants, whereas FH+ infants demonstrated a more right-lateralized pattern, in both the theta and gamma frequency bands. Interestingly, FH+ infants showed reduced early left gamma power (starting at 50 ms after stimulus onset) during deviant discrimination. Perturbed oscillatory dynamics may well constitute a candidate neural mechanism to explain group differences in RAP. Additional group differences in source location suggest that anatomical variations may underlie differences in oscillatory activity. Regarding the predictive value of early oscillatory measures, we found that the amplitude of the source response and the magnitude of oscillatory power and phase synchrony were predictive of expressive vocabulary at 20 months of age. These results further our understanding of the interplay among neural mechanisms that support typical and atypical rapid audi