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The purpose of this study is reducing sustainable paper recycling at Thi-Qar University by using waste reduction techniques. It can be argued with much confidence that the idea of recycling paper can be successfully implemented in an academic institution. This can be done by merging the specific waste paper baskets, pulping machine and power from a renewable source with an already established local paper making company. The methods applied in this study are making company would be able to recoup a government subsidy that pays them to recycle paper in order to offset the cost of pulped paper which is 30% more expensive than raw wood pulp. The academic institution that implements this would save money on waste disposal, and cut its carbon footprint in half, by up to 600%, per year approximately five-six tons of CO2 instead of one-ton-two tones carbon offset for simply recycling the paper. All these steps could also be applied for recycling of the large amount of waste papers generated by students an idea that encounters high costs in recycling hence being rarely implemented. This could be achieved through urged use of the same paper disposal methods already in use, where the paper collected is pulped from the student paper waste bins once a week. The results of this article are more specific yet indirect environmental benefit concerns the recycling habits of students. By providing the means for students to recycle paper at their places of study, it is hoped that they will adopt similar practices in their homes and other areas of life and show that the practice of paper recycling at Thi-Qar University has a success rate of 98.42%. Additionally, a total revenue of $3,527.98 was collected from the value of recycled paper. This can be important, as it is today's young people who will shape the future condition of the environment. If a more conscientious attitude towards recycling can be established, the cumulative environmental benefits could be very significant. On the economic side, recycling paper can potentially save academic institutions a substantial amount of money on their waste disposal. This is because paper and cardboard often make up a high percentage of the waste and these are materials which can be recycled relatively cheaply. By decreasing the volume of general waste, a decrease in waste disposal costs can be achieved. If institutions take it a step further and decide to purchase only recycled paper products, this can also help accelerate the demand for recycled paper and its long-term economic feasibility. The benefits of paper recycling in academic institutions are undoubtedly far-reaching. Not only are the environmental benefits significant, but also the potential cost savings and impact on student attitudes. Probably the most apparent benefits of paper recycling are the environmental ones. The significance of this research is recycling paper in academic institutions is not only beneficial to the environment but also has potential cost-saving implications and significant educational value for students' attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through understanding the sustainable manufacturing system with regard to practices and approaches utilized in its application as a means of enhancing station case study performance as well as lowering pollution in its operations, the presented study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of assessing sustainable system of manufacturing in a diesel plant with the use of sustainable value stream map. A contemporary and modern administrative entrance, as well as the ways in which this system highlights sustainable value stream map in station case study and reduces pollution processes which take place in station's activities, case study, and enhances its operations' performance, all contribute to the removal of hazardous environmental waste. Since protecting the environment and focusing on environmental issues are important, sustainability has gained popularity in the manufacturing system and industry in the past few years. Sustainability concept has progressively developed and started to attract much attention from around the world recently. An entirely sustainable production process and an environmentally-friendly product enable the company consume less resource and increase its competitiveness in the market. To put it another way, sustainability is a tool that companies utilize for performing successfully on all fronts--social, economic, and environmental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project intends to present an approach that uses a genetic algorithm and MATLAB software to identify the optimal option for producing manufacturing cells. The proposed study approach is used in the General Company for Hydraulic Industry "Dampers Factory" in Iraq/Baghdad. The data were acquired from part route sheets. The production system was then represented using a machine part incidence matrix, which allocated each machine component using binary integers. The Genetic method was created by evaluating the influence of the crossover probability (Pc), population size (N), mutation probability (Pm), and maximum number of generations (Gmax) on the performance of the method. Full factorial experiments were conducted to investigate the impacts of these factors in order to find the optimum solution for manufacturing cell formation with the highest fitness function in the fewest number of generations. The fitness function was evaluated using group efficiency measurements and a genetic algorithm with a weight factor (q = 0.5Manufacturing cells with different (q) values such as (0.1, 0.3, 0.7, and 0.9) and The best q is assigned using an attractiveness value based on five recognized decision variables: group efficiency, group effectiveness, number of exceptional variables, number of blank variables, and the overall cost of intracellular and intercellular motions. The cell formation findings reveal that q = 0.3 is the optimum solution. Three machine groups and three component families are obtained to improve the efficiency and efficacy of the manufacturing cells, and they are compared to the incidence matrix. Several case studies from the existing literature were chosen to test the validity of this suggested technique. The following approaches were used: ART1, ROC, OV, GA&LS, and SC. The findings were compared to previous research, and it was determined that the proposed genetic algorithm approach is more efficient when building a manufacturing cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Iraq, an extensive network of pipelines is of vital importance for the transportation of hydrocarbon products, drinking water, and crude oil through the pipelines. The underground infrastructures experience corrosion processes, which therefore requires keeping up with the application of protective measures. This is a simulation survey that takes into account the cathodic protection optimization to reduce such hazards. Employing the Wenner four-terminal method enabled assessment of elements that affect cathodic protection such as environmental factors and soil resistivity across selected sites for the surveys. Soil pH ranges within the range of 7-8, together with anode voltage and current readings were the basis of the simulation models. These models played a crucial role in predicting the best anode locations, operating voltages and currents for various conditions and by comparing the results with empirical data from field experiments it is easy to evaluate the results. The analysis of rectifier voltage, the number of anodes, the anode resistance, and the pipeline current led to the production of the most cost-efficient designs for pipeline protection. Thus, as a result, a segment at station number 2 requires 2.5A current for its protection over the same length and a segment at station number 4 needs 12A current for its protection. Through the integration of simulation outcomes with the field observation the study highlights the accuracy and efficiency of the modeled cathodic protection systems that substantiate their fundamental role in the sustainable management of the pipeline. The results reached in this study add a great deal to this body of knowledge on the subject of subterranean structure preservation, showing this paradigm for the design and optimization of cathodic protection systems against corrosion and erosion which ensures the durability and reliability of pipeline networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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As a following of scientific research that dealt with improving the thermal performance of thermal systems, this research means testing the overall performance of a thermal system by applying the effects of obstacles and the presence of nanoparticles in the flowing fluid. In a rectangular channel with three different-height triangular obstacles (4 µm, 6 µm, and 8 µm), a numerical study is conducted to examine the friction features and heat transfer enhancement for a 2D laminar flow and heat transfer. ANSYS Fluent 2022 has been used for the simulation. This work focuses on the use of nanoparticles (NPs), the existence of obstacles, and their impact on the thermal system's rate of heat transfer. The volume fraction of nano-particles (Ag) ranges from 2 to 6 percent, and their sizes are 25, 50, and 75 nm. With a NP diameter of 25 nm and an obstacle height of 8 µm, the results indicate that 6% is the optimal volume fraction, giving the largest values of heat transfer for all the obstacle heights tested. Experiments have also proved that increasing the flow velocity (increasing the value of the Reynolds number) gives the highest results for heat transfer. On the other hand, with regard to pressure drop, the values of Cf and obstacle height have been 8 µm and at 6% of volume fraction for all velocities. In addition, the presented result has been compared to previous results, and there has been a good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]