Search

Abstract In the era of automated and digitalized information, advanced computer applications deal with a major part of the data that comprises audio-related information. Advancements in technology have ushered in a new era where cutting-edge devices can deliver comprehensive insights into audio content, leveraging sophisticated algorithms such such as Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) and Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) to extract and provide pertinent information. Our study helps in not only efficient audio file management and audio file retrievals but also plays a vital role in security, the robotics industry, and investigations. Beyond its industrial applications, our model exhibits remarkable versatility in the corporate sector, particularly in tasks like siren sound detection and more. Embracing this capability holds the promise of catalyzing the development of advanced automated systems, paving the way for increased efficiency and safety across various corporate domains. The primary aim of our experiment is to focus on creating highly efficient audio classification models that can be seamlessly automated and deployed within the industrial sector, addressing critical needs for enhanced productivity and performance. Despite the dynamic nature of environmental sounds and the presence of noises, our presented audio classification model comes out to be efficient and accurate. The novelty of our research work reclines to compare two different audio datasets having similar characteristics and revolves around classifying the audio signals into several categories using various machine learning techniques and extracting MFCCs and STFTs features from the audio signals. We have also tested the results after and before the noise removal for analyzing the effect of the noise on the results including the precision, recall, specificity, and F1-score. Our experiment shows that the ANN model outperforms the other six audio models with the accuracy of 91.41% and 91.27% on respective datasets.

In this paper, we investigate the effect of magnetic field on two-dimensional flow of a viscous, incompressible fluid through composite porous channel using non-primitive boundary element method (BEM). We consider a rectangular channel consisting of two packings that are filled with fully saturated porous medium. It is assumed that both the porous regions are homogenous and isotropic with different permeabilities. Brinkman equation governs the fluid flow through porous media. We analyze the effect of Hartman number, stress-jump coefficient, Darcy number, thickness parameter, electrical conductivity ratio, and viscosity ratio on fluid mechanics. We present the effect of stress-jump coefficients on the interfacial velocity of the fluid against the thickness parameter and observe that the interfacial velocity increases with increasing stress-jump coefficients. We notice that for a fixed value of thickness parameter, the magnitude of vorticity (at lower and upper walls) increases with increasing Darcy number. Moreover, we observe that the magnitude of vorticity at the lower wall decreases and increases at the upper wall with increasing thickness parameter. We compute the Brinkman layer thickness near the interface of the composite porous channel in terms of several flow parameters and observe that the Brinkman layer thickness is strongly depend on the Hartman number, Darcy number, viscosity ratios, and stress-jump coefficient, respectively.

The success on forecasting the performance of PV systems, it lies in depicting the non-linear behavior dynamics of its I–V curves, as a direct consequence of the variations in the operational conditions, where the photovoltaic system is set up. Throughout this work, authors address the physical–mathematical basics, and the assumptions made, so as to propose a theoretical approach, on purpose of describing the dynamics concerning to these systems. Findings, as well as the manuscript novelty, they comprise a full model deduced by subsections dealing with the phenomena under analysis; all them derived as function of the irradiance and module temperature.

Dealing with the sun’s rays reflections behavior, the manuscript shed light about its impact in the PV modules energy yield; where starting from the physical–mathematical basics and through a three empirical parameter model improvement, it sketches the performance of these devices. In turn, an extra term has been considered for the better process tracking, which comprises sun’s rays reflections on PV modules surfaces. The approach takes into account the empirical parameters fitting, leaned on the datasheets information and environmental conditions. Thus, in addition to the thermal losses, the post-module losses caused by the resistance of the semiconductor layers and electrical contacts, as well as the internal losses resulting from recombination at defects and impurities present in the modules, here the pre-module losses are considered in the modeling focused on the sun’s rays reflections. Even though, others factors additional to irradiance and operating temperature, like soiling and partial shading conditions, have influence on PV module performance; the manuscript main purpose lies in deductions and implications demonstrating the expecting concordance between theory and proposed extra term, for sunrays reflections scenario, as one manuscript novelties. Approach is applied to 21 PV modules with cells made of crystalline silicon (mono & poly- Si), passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC), thin films (CdTe) assessing its reliability (> 70%; ∼76%), as other of main targets.

In this paper, the solution of a first-order linear non-homogeneous fuzzy differential equation with an initial condition is described in a neutrosophic environment. For this purpose, using triangular neutrosophic numbers, the neutrosophic analytical method, and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical method have been introduced for solving fuzzified first order differential equation. We also observed solutions at the (α,β,γ)-cut with varied time scales. In addition, the error between the analytical and numerical solution obtained on the (α,β,γ)-cut is evaluated and illustrated using tables with varying time. A good amount of agreement is seen using closed form and numerical solutions.

Agricultural product prices are subject to various uncertainties, including unpredictable weather conditions, pest infestations, and market fluctuations, which can significantly impact agricultural yields and productivity. Accurately assessing and understanding price is crucial for farmers, policymakers, and stakeholders in the agricultural sector to make informed decisions and implement appropriate risk management strategies. This study used the ordered weighted average (OWA) operator and its extensions as mathematical aggregation techniques incorporating ordered weights to capture and evaluate the factors influencing price variation. By generating different vectors related to different inputs to the traditional formulation, it is possible to aggregate information to calculate and provide a new view of the outcomes. The results of this research can help enhance risk management practices in agriculture and support decision-making processes to mitigate the adverse effects of price.

In this paper, a functionally graded thick hollow sphere is considered for the analysis of two-dimensional steady state mechanical stress in the radial and circumferential directions under mechanical loading. Modulus of elasticity is varying with continuous nonlinear variation along the radial direction and Poisson’s ratio is kept as constant. The Legendre series and Euler differential equation are used to solve Navier equations. Geometry of the sphere is assumed in spherical coordinate system. Applying mechanical boundary conditions at inner and outer radii, we have carried out the analytical solutions for stresses, strains and displacements. In the numerical example, only internal pressure is varying along circumferential direction and external pressure is kept as zero. Displacements and mechanical stresses are presented graphically and the results are discussed numerically.

The ordinary differential equation of second order is being used in many engineering disciplines and sciences to model many real-life problems. These problems are mostly uncertain, vague and incomplete and thus they require some more advanced tool for modelling. Neutrosophic logic becomes the solution of all these kind of uncertain problems as it describe the conditions of uncertainty which occurs during the process of modelling on the basis of grade of membership of truth values, indeterminacy values and falsity values, that means it consider all the uncertain parameters on the basis of these degrees. In this research paper, we have considered the ordinary differential equation of second order with neutrosophic numbers as initial conditions of spring mass system is solved using Sumudu transform method which has advantage of unit preserving property over the well established Laplace Transform method. The solution obtained at various computational points by this method is shown in the form of table. Furthermore, the results obtained at different (α, β, γ)-cut and time values are also depicted graphically and are verified analytically by de-fuzzifying the data.

The study presents thermo-mechanical analysis of functionally graded (FG) rotating disc whose material properties, namely, Young’s modulus, density and coefficient of thermal expansion in radial direction are tailored from inner to outer radius using power law form. The disc is considered to be under the influence of internal pressure, centrifugal body force and thermal loading of the form linear as well as quadratic. Response of FG disc under linear and quadratic temperature profile subjected to internal pressure as well as centrifugal body force is analysed. An exact solution for stress in radial and tangential directions, under mechanical and thermal loading is presented. Numerical solutions for stresses under internal pressure with uniform thermal loading are obtained using finite element method and its comparison with analytical results is presented graphically. Results for radial displacement, radial stress and tangential stress are depicted graphically and their interpretation has been discussed.

In this study, a thick hollow axisymmetric functionally graded (FG) cylinder is investigated for steady-state elastic stresses using an iteration technique and the finite element method. Here, we have considered a functionally graded cylinder tailored with the material property, namely, Young’s modulus, varying in an exponential form from the inner to outer radius of the cylinder. A mathematical formulation for stress analysis of functionally graded cylinder under internal and external pressure conditions is developed using constitutive relations for stress–strain, strain–displacement relations and the equation of equilibrium. The effect of the in-homogeneity parameter on radial displacement, radial and tangential stresses in a functionally graded cylinder made up of a High Carbon Steel (HCS) metal matrix, reinforced with Magnesium Oxide (MgO) ceramic is analyzed. The iterative method implemented is fast and converges to the solution which can be further improved by considering a higher number of iterations. This is depicted graphically by using radial displacement and stresses in a pressurized functionally graded cylinder obtained for the first two iterations. An iterative solution for non-FGM (or homogeneous material) is validated using the finite element method. The mechanical responses of the functionally graded cylinder obtained from the iterative method and the finite element method are then compared and found to be in good agreement. Results are presented in graphical and tabular form along with their interpretations.

The evolution of the coronavirus (COVID-19) disease took a toll on the social, healthcare, economic, and psychological prosperity of human beings. In the past couple of months, many organizations, individuals, and governments have adopted Twitter to convey their sentiments on COVID-19, the lockdown, the pandemic, and hashtags. This paper aims to analyze the psychological reactions and discourse of Twitter users related to COVID-19. In this experiment, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) has been used for topic modeling. In addition, a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model and various classification techniques such as random forest, support vector machine, logistic regression, naive Bayes, decision tree, logistic regression with stochastic gradient descent optimizer, and majority voting classifier have been adapted for analyzing the polarity of sentiment. The effectiveness of the aforesaid approaches along with LDA modeling has been tested, validated, and compared with several benchmark datasets and on a newly generated dataset for analysis. To achieve better results, a dual dataset approach has been incorporated to determine the frequency of positive and negative tweets and word clouds, which helps to identify the most effective model for analyzing the corpora. The experimental result shows that the BiLSTM approach outperforms the other approaches with an accuracy of 96.7%.

In this part of a series of two papers, we extend the theorems discussed in Part I for infinite series. We then use these theorems to develop distinct novel results involving the Hurwitz zeta function, Riemann zeta function, polylogarithms and Fibonacci numbers. In continuation, we obtain some zeros of the newly developed zeta functions and explain their behaviour using plots in complex plane. Furthermore, we provide particular cases for the theorems and corollaries that show that our results generalise the currently available functions and series such as the Riemann zeta function and the geometric series. Finally, we provide four miscellaneous examples to showcase the vast scope of the developed theorems and showcase that these two theorems can provide hundreds of new results and thus can potentially create an entirely new field under the realm of number theory and analysis.

In this paper, we develop two new theorems relating to the series of floor and ceiling functions. We then use these two theorems to develop more than forty distinct novel results. Furthermore, we provide specific cases for the theorems and corollaries which show that our results constitute a generalisation of the currently available results such as the summation of first n Fibonacci numbers and Pascal’s identity. Finally, we provide three miscellaneous examples to showcase the vast scope of our developed theorems.

A brain tumor occurs in humans when a normal cell turns into an aberrant cell inside the brain. Primarily, there are two types of brain tumors in Homo sapiens: benign tumors and malignant tumors. In brain tumor diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a vital role that requires high precision and accuracy for diagnosis, otherwise, a minor error can result in severe consequences. In this study, we implemented various configured convolutional neural network (CNN) paradigms on brain tumor MRI scans that depict whether a person is a brain tumor patient or not. This paper emphasizes objective function values (OFV) achieved by various CNN paradigms with the least validation cross-entropy loss (LVCEL), maximum validation accuracy (MVA), and training time (TT) in seconds, which can be used as a feasible tool for clinicians and the medical community to recognize tumor patients precisely. Experimentation and evaluation were based on a total of 2189 brain MRI scans, and the best architecture shows the highest accuracy of 0.8275, maximum objective function value of 1.84, and an area under the ROC (AUC-ROC) curve of 0.737 to accurately recognize and classify whether or not a person has a brain tumor.

Creep is an irreversible time-dependent deformation in which a material under constant mechanical stress and elevated temperature for a considerably prolonged period of time, starts to undergo permanent deformation. Creep deformation occurs in three stages namely, primary, secondary and tertiary. Out of these three stages, secondary or steady state creep is particularly an area of engineering interest as it has almost a constant creep rate. Creep deformation plays a significant role in understanding effective service life of an engineering component working under high temperature conditions as such components such as super-heater and re-heater tubes and headers in a boiler, jet engines operating at temperature as high as 1200 ∘C, usually experience a failure or rupture due to creep phenomenon. Design engineers keep a close attention on working stress conditions and elevated temperature under which an engineering component is expected to work as these conditions determine the onset of creep behavior in an engineering component. By recognizing the parameters of material response to creep behavior, engineers can analyse the useful service life and hazardous working conditions for an engineering components. Recognizing the creep phenomenon as high temperature design limitation, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code have provided guidelines on maximum allowable stresses for materials to be used in creep range. One of the criteria for determination of allowable stresses is 1% creep deformation of material in 100,000 h of service. Thus, the study of creep behavior in engineering components pertaining to high stress and temperature working conditions is very important as it affects the reliability and performance of the engineering components. The aim of our study is to understand the behavior of secondary creep deformation so that an advanced reinforced functionally graded material with better creep resistance, can be designed. In this paper, a secondary creep analysis of functionally graded (FG) thick-walled rotating cylinder under internal and external pressure is conducted. The novelty of the model intends to specify secondary creep stresses and strains by employing exponential, linear and quadratic volume reinforcement for SiCp ceramic in Al metal matrix in radial direction. This will help us to understand the effect of volume reinforcement in FG cylinder under internal/external pressure and rotating centrifugal body force by obtaining secondary creep stresses and strains. The response of the FG cylinder with isotropic material is analyzed and the solution for stress–strain rates in radial and tangential directions are obtained in closed form. Comparison of steady state creep stresses and strains under exponential, linear and quadratic volume reinforcement profiles are discussed and presented graphically.