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The electrospinning of nanofibers (NFs) from 2-hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin supramolecular inclusion complexes (150% HPβ-CD, w/v) with vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid [PA]) was achieved without using any carrier polymeric matrix. The presence of PA and the formation of the HPβ-CD/PA inclusion complex within the NFs structure were confirmed by SEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA analysis. SEM images depicted the bead-free uniform NFs and confirmed the incorporation of HPβ-CD/PA NFs did not alter the fiber morphology having an average fiber diameter of 512 ± 24 nm, 328 ± 18 nm, and 150 ± 19 nm, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum indicated inclusion complex from the shifting of the peaks of each component in HPβ-CD/PA NFs, whereas XRD pattern revealed that HPβ-CD/PA NFs was achieved due to the formation of a new amorphous structure. TGA studies showed that the stability of PA after HPβ-CD encapsulation was improved. Molecular docking was used to simulate the positions and interactions of the binding sites of the HPβ-CD/PA inclusion complex. The phase solubility test showed enhanced solubility of PA due to the inclusion complexation; in addition, the stoichiometry of HPβ-CD/PA was determined to be 1:1. The release of PA from HPβ-CD/PA NFs prevented the colonization of Escherichia coli (5.0 ± 0.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (2.0 ± 0.5%) bacteria to a great extent, as observed in the antibacterial activity results. The cell viability of HCT-116 cells treated with 100 μg/mL of HPβ-CD/PA NFs was registered at 97.5 ± 2.1%. It was observed that HPβ-CD/PA NFs had higher anticancer activity compared to pure PA and HPβ-CD due to the solubility increase. In brief, our results suggested that polymer-free HPβ-CD/PA inclusion complex NFs could have potential applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and healthcare thanks to its efficient antibacterial and anticancer activities.

This study aims to synthesis pharmaceutical potential platinum nanoparticles from Tragia involucrata leaf extract (Ti-PtNPs) for biomedical applications. The colour development in the reaction mixture confirms the integration of Ti-PtNPs and its surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak observed at 252 nm. The crystalline nature of Ti-PtNPs was authenticated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The functional groups present in the T. involucrata (AE-Ti) aqueous extract, notably polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, and proteins, participated in the synthesis of Ti-PtNPs, established in the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. The synthesized Ti-PtNPs demonstrate spherical like particles with an average size of 10 nm. Ti-PtNPs exhibited dose depended on antioxidant activities and the activities were higher than the AE-Ti. The antibacterial activity of Ti-PtNPs was tested against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and displays admirable inhibitory activity in agar bioassay, disc diffusion, killing kinetics. Also, the synthesized Ti-PtNPs have attached the outer cell wall of bacteria and increased the protein leakage activity. The Ti-PtNPs exhibited potent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 27.72 μg/ml. Moreover, the Ti-PtNPs enhance the intracellular ROS production, which induces the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Thus, the synthesis Ti-PtNPs can be used as a broad spectrum of pharmaceutical applications.

In this study, we report a green synthesis of pharmaceutically active gold nanoparticles from marine red alga Acanthophora spicifera by the reduction of chloroauric acid. The formation of A. spicifera-mediated gold nanoparticles (As-AuNPs) was characterized by several analytical techniques. The crystalline and face-centered cubic (fcc) structure were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Electron microscopy results confirmed that As-AuNPs were spherical and the average size of particles was

Biogenic synthesis of metal nanoparticles using seaweeds is more biocompatible and more valuable for biomedical applications. In this study, gold nanoparticles were synthesized from the aqueous extract of Halymenia dilatata (Hd-AuNPs) and characterized by various spectral and microscopic techniques. The Hd-AuNPs exhibit a surface plasmon resonance peak at 529 nm. FT-IR results confirm the presence of polysaccharides and pigments in the extract, which reduce Au3+ to Au0. Microscopic analysis confirmed that Hd-AuNPs were triangular and spherical in shape with an average size of 16 nm. In terms of potential antioxidant properties, DPPH radical scavenging (13.7 ± 0.40 to 58.7 ± 0.85%), reducing power (16.3 ± 0.63 to 62.4 ± 0.60%) and total antioxidant (12.4 ± 0.50 to 56.6 ± 0.74%) activities were reasonably high in Hd-AuNPs compared with the extract alone. In the cytotoxicity assay, the IC50 of Hd-AuNPs was 22.62 μg/ml against HT-29 cancer cells. Similarly, in the antibacterial assay, the highest zone of inhibition (21 mm) was recorded at 100 μg/ml against Aeromonas hydrophila and the activity was proportionate to the concentration of Hd-AuNPs. In addition, the biosynthesis of Hd-AuNPs was non-toxic to zebrafish embryo. Overall, synthesized Hd-AuNPs exhibit commendable antioxidant, anti-cancer and antibacterial activities.

This study reports on the bioactive potential of silver nanoparticle synthesized from seaweed, Cladophora fascicularis aqueous extract. C. fascicularis assisted silver nanoparticles (Cf-AgNPs) was characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, FESEM, TEM, and EDX analysis. The Cf-AgNPs exhibited a maximum absorption peak at 427 nm. The carboxyl (–C=O) and amine (N–H) groups of C. fascicularis extract is answerable for the synthesis of Cf-AgNPs. The microscopic analysis confirmed that the synthesized Cf-AgNPs are spherical in shape with an average size of 45 nm. The Cf-AgNPs exhibited a dose depended antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila. Noteworthy bacterial inhibition (19 mm) was observed at 150 µg/ml, whereas, the lowest activity (10 mm) was recorded at 25 µg/ml. Similarly, Cf-AgNPs significantly (P

In this study therapeutic potential of fucoidan fraction-2 (Fu-F2) isolated from Sargassum polycystum was evaluated for the development of antibacterial agent against the human and animal pathogenic bacteria by in vitro and in vivo analysis. The Fu-F2 contained 51.12 ± 0.86% of total sugar and 20.41 ± 0.91% of sulfate. The structural characterization of Fu-F2 was performed by HPLC, FTIR and NMR analysis and reported in our earlier study. The in vitro antibacterial assays such as MIC, MBC, killing kinetics, disk diffusion, protein leakage, ROS and confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrate that Fu-F2 possesses the highest antibacterial activity against the tested pathogens. Among the tested pathogens, the highest antibacterial activity (21 ± 1.0 mm) was recorded at the concentration of 50 μg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the lowest activity (16 ± 0.53 mm) was registered against Staphylococcus aureus. In the in vivo analysis, the pre-treatment group with Fu-F2 at the concentration of 15 mg/0.1 kg through feed exhibited the highest survival (83.4%) and antioxidant activities (p 0.05) than the fish infected with pathogen. Thus, the present findings suggest that the Fu-F2 of S. polycystum encompasses significant antibacterial properties and that can be used as a therapeutic agent for controlling the bacterial disease.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer potential of fucoidan isolated from Sargassum polycystum. The isolated fucoidan was successfully purified by DEAE cellulose-ion exchange chromatography and dialysis. Totally four active fractions (F1–F4) were collected and explored its chemical constitution by calorimetric assays. Among them, fraction 2 (F2) showed the higher yield percentage, fucose and sulphate content. Further, monosaccharide composition, structural and functional properties of the F2 was analyzed by HPLC, FTIR and NMR. F2 shows highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (55.94 ± 0.69%), reducing power (0.33 absorbance rate), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (71.76 ± 2.14%) and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (51.81 ± 1.04%) at 1000 μg/ml. The cell viability of MCF-7 and HCT-15 cell lines was proportionate to the concentration of F2 with an estimated IC50 was 20 and 50 μg/ml respectively. The fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis demonstrated the apoptotic morphological changes and cell mediated death in F2 treated cancer cells. Higher amount of LDH release was found in the F2 treated cancer cells than the control group. Thus, the present finding proved that the isolated F2 encompasses significant antioxidant and anticancer property.

In this study antioxidant and anticancer effect of fucoidan isolated from brown seaweed Sargassum polycystum was investigated. The total yield of fucoidan was 4.51 ± 0.24%, of these, 46.8% of fucose and 22.35 ± 0.23% of sulphate respectively. The structural characteristic of fucoidan was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The antioxidant properties were determined by DPPH scavenging, reducing power and total antioxidant assays. The maximum DPPH scavenging activity (61.2 ± 0.33%), reducing ability (67.56 ± 0.26%) and total antioxidant activity (65.3 ± 0.66%) were obtained at 1000 μg/ml of fucoidan. The cytotoxicity effect of fucoidan showed a higher percentage (90.4 ± 0.25%) of inhibition against the MCF-7 cell line at 150 μg/ml with an estimated IC50 at 50 μg/ml. Further, cytomorphological and apoptosis changes of fucoidan treated cells were observed under inverted light microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The results demonstrated that the isolated fucoidan from S. polycystum possessed potent antioxidant and anticancer properties.

Fucoidan was extracted productively from Spatoglossum asperum and its antioxidant and antibacterial potential against Aeromonos hydrophila was investigated. The isolated fucoidan was characterized by HPLC, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectrum. The isolated fucoidan contained 60.9% fucose, 21.35±0.81% sulfate and 4.2±0.56% protein, respectively. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power and total antioxidant activities. The extracted fucoidan showed antioxidant properties in a dose-dependent manner. The antibacterial activity of isolated fucoidan was tested against A. hydrophila using agar bioassay, agar well diffusion and confocal assays. In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentration was obtained at 100μg/ml and the maximum zone of inhibition (33mm) was observed at 150μg/ml of fucoidan concentration in agar bioassay and agar well diffusion assay. The experimental results proved that the extracted fucoidan from S. asperum possesses admirable antioxidant and antibacterial properties.

In this study, the sulfated polysaccharide (SPs) was isolated from Spirulina platensis. The isolated SPs contains carbohydrate, sulfate, protein and uronic acid at 38.7 ± 0.30%, 21.3 ± 0.87%, 7.1 ± 0.15% and 7.9 ± 0.4% respectively. The elemental analysis confirmed the presence of carbon (18.01 ± 0.10%), hydrogen (1.83 ± 0.02%) and nitrogen (3.43 ± 0.01%). The monosaccharide composition and molecular weight of SPs were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and size exclusion chromatography respectively. The monosaccharide composition analysis showed the existence of glucose, rhamnose, xylose, fucose, mannose, galactose and the molecular weight of SPs was 1016 kDa. Further, the characterization of SPs was done by UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis. The obtained SPs exhibited potent antioxidant activity in DPPH (76.45 ± 0.49%), reducing power (absorbance: 1.3 ± 0.02), hydrogen peroxide scavenging (66.3 ± 1.16%), hydroxyl scavenging (68.6 ± 3.2%), nitric oxide (81.36 ± 1.85%) and total antioxidant (absorbance:1.66 ± 0.02) activities at 5 mg/ml. In addition, SPs revealed the highest antibacterial efficacy against the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio vulnificus in disc diffusion, agar bioassay and protein leakage assays at 100 μg/ml. Furthermore, the supplementation of 2% SPs through a feed to the Danio rerio fish enhances the growth and reproductive performances. This finding confirmed that the isolated SPs from S. platensis possess pharmaceutical as well as nutritional properties.

In this study, the biosynthesis of platinum nanoparticles (Hd-PtNPs) from red algae Halymenia dilatata and its broad spectrum of bioactivities were explored. The synthesized Hd-PtNPs were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. The XRD results showed that the synthesized particles were pure crystalline while the FE-SEM and HR-TEM analysis demonstrated that the Hd-PtNPs were spherical and well-dispersed with an average size of 15 ± 1.7 nm. The zeta potential of Hd-PtNPs was found to be −19.9 mV, which indicates that the synthesized particles were highly stable and well-dispersed. The presence of phytochemical constituents in the H. dilatata aqueous extract performs a capping and reducing process in the Hd-PtNPs formation, which was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. The synthesized Hd-PtNPs showed excellent antioxidant properties in DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, and total antioxidant assays. Furthermore, Hd-PtNPs exhibit a strong cytotoxic effect against MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines (IC50 = 50 μg/mL). Moreover, the Hd-PtNPs showed notable inhibitory activity against Gram-positive (Streptococcus pneumonia) and Gram-negative bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila). In addition, Hd-PtNPs display less toxicity effect on Artemia nauplii even at a higher concentration corroborating the fact that the synthesized Hd-PtNPs are eco-friendly. Thus, Hd-PtNPs can be used as an alternative source in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.

A green chemical approach to the synthesis of gold nanoparticles from the Caulerpa racemosa and its biomedical applications are reported. The C. racemosa mediated synthesized gold nanoparticles (Cr@AuNPs) were characterized by various spectral and microscopy techniques. The Cr@AuNPs exhibited a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 528 nm in UV–Vis spectrum. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the crystalline nature and face-centered cubic (fcc) structure of Cr@AuNPs. The presence of phytochemical constituents in the aqueous extract of C. racemosa that involves the major role in Cr@AuNPs synthesis which was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Further, FESEM and HRTEM results confirmed that the Cr@AuNPs were spherical-to-oval in shape, and the size was ranged from 13.7 to 85.4 nm. The synthesized Cr@AuNPs effectively controlled the growth of human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells, and it exhibited the IC50 at 20.84 μg/ml. Similarly, the green synthesized Cr@AuNPs demonstrated admirable antibacterial activity against A. veronii than S. agalactiae. Further, the synthesized Cr@AuNPs exhibited non-toxic effects on Artemia nauplii, even at high concentration of Cr@AuNPs (100 μg/ml). The above findings deliver a strong basis for future studies into drug development for cancer and bacteria.