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Creativity is the ability to produce work that is both novel andappropriate. The study, funded by Indian government,analyzed the effect of one-year chess training on the creativityof children. A pretest and posttest with control group designwas used, with 31 children in experimental and 32 in controlgroup. The experimental group underwent weekly chesstraining. Wallach-Kogan Creativity Test (Indian Adaptation)was used. Analysis revealed that only the experimental grouphad statistically significant gains in total creativity and twononverbal subtests. The authors conclude that systematicchess training inculcates in the child the ability to thinkdivergently and creatively.

A simple and convenient one step route is described for preparing a series of chalcospinels [Fe.sub.1-x][Cu.sub.x][Cr.sub.2][S.sub.4] by using high frequency sound waves. The results have provided an effective method for synthesizing doped ternary chalcospinels displaying magnetoresistive properties.

The enhancement in magnetoresistance ratio in the equiatomic B site composition is due to the onset of double exchange mediated ferromagnetic interaction. Double-exchange interactions induced in SrRuO(sub 3) perovskite by doping Mn ion is the observation made.

The influence of barrier effect of RuO2 and TiO2 on the magnetoresistance in CrO2 powder compacts is examined. The interparticle resistance and the magnetoresistance are enhanced by TiO2 due to the insulating conduction channel between the two CrO2 grains.

Pulsed laser deposition methods are used for the growth of As deposited, highly textured LaPbMnO3 thin films grown on LaAlO3, Below a temperature of 300 Kelvin, the films exhibit ferromagnetic characteristics. Above a temperature of 300 Kelvin at 6 Tesla, the film exhibits giant magnetoresistance of about 40% and more.

The structural, transport and magnetotransport properties of pulsed electron deposited [La.sub.0.6][Pb.sub.0.4]Mn[O.sub.3] and [La.sub.1-x][Pb.sub.x][Mn.sub.0.8][Ru.sub.0.2][O.sub.3] (0.2

The temperature dependence powder neutron diffraction studies on SrRu[O.sub.3] (SRO) and Sr[Ru.sub.0.5][Mn.sub.0.5][O.sub.3] (SRMO) are used for exploring the interplay between the structure and magnetic order in the presence of Ru-Mn interaction. The presence of [Mn.sup.3] ions have played a vital role in stabilizing the charge exchange (CE)-type antiferromagnetic ordering.

The Ru substitutional effects in [La.sub.1.2][Sr.sub.1.8][Mn.sub.2-x][Ru.sub.x][O.sub.7] (0

An electron-transport material, 2,5-dibenzthiazolyl thiophene (TBZT) characterized using the photogenerated time-of-flight technique, which shows a weak electric-field-dependent electron mobility is reported. The suitability of TBZT as an electron-transport material in the device structure employing bis [(2-(2'-hydroxyl phenyl) benzthiazolate] zinc (II) complex as an active layer is performed.

Clear evidence of a sustained double exchange effect in La0.6Pb0.4MnO3 doped with Ru up to 50% in the Mn-O-Mn sublattice is presented. It is observed that Ru makes a magnetic pair with Mn by the presence of Ru (V), which is similar in ionic size to the Mn (IV) ion, thereby, favoring the double exchange mediated transport phenomenon.

We present a simple and convenient one step route to prepare a series of chalcospinels Fe1-xCuxCr2S4 employing high frequency sound waves. The magnetic and electronic transport properties of the as-prepared spinels were studied, and this simple, easy, and efficient synthetic route may further encourage wider application of Cu-doped Fe chalcogenides in solid state magnetoelectronic devices. Furthermore, the adopted synthetic route highlights a one-pot synthesis employing organometallic precursors such as metal carbonyls, ethylenedimine, and elemental sulfur. The ease of synthesizing such complex spinel structures of Fe1-xCuxCr2S4 chalcogenides with x=0.3, 0.4, and 0.6 has been highlighted in this work. The rapid cavitational collapse results in sulfur deficiency in the system, which drastically alters the conduction behavior. All the compositions studied show a negative magnetoresistance response except for x=0.3 which exhibit an unusual positive magnetoresistance effect. Such an effect has been attributed to the sulfur deficiency occurring during the rapid cavitational collapse. Our experimental results provide one effective method for synthesis of doped ternary chalcospinels exhibiting magnetoresistive properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sr4Ru2O9 has a P62C space group and differs from the Ruddelsden-Popper series of the strontium ruthenate family where Ru is distinctly present in Ru+5 state with no Jahn-Teller activity. A significant increase in magnetic moment and coercivity is observed along with lowering of resistivity, especially around a critical concentration of x=0.2 in Sr4-xLaxRu2-xMnxO9. Such an unusual effect is correlated to the mixed magnetic pair effect arising out from the variable oxidation states of Ru as suggested by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies. Our results substantiate the long-range ferromagnetism observed for Ruthenium-substituted three-dimensional manganites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report an electron-transport material; 2,5-dibenzthiazolyl thiophene (TBZT) characterized using the photogenerated time-of-flight technique, which shows a weak electric-field-dependent electron mobility, typically of the order of 1.21×10-4 cm2/V s at 2.5×105 V/cm, two orders of magnitude higher than the Alq3 complex. This enhanced carrier mobility is facilitated by the excited-state configuration of the molecule as verified by the AM1–CI semiempirical calculations in the anionic form. We show the effect of high mobility electron transport on a bilayer electroluminescent device, ITO/TPD/ZBZT/TBZT (10 nm)/Al, using bis [(2-(2′-hydroxyl phenyl) benzthiazolate] zinc (II) complex as the emissive layer which resulted in a 25-nm significant shift in the recombination zone and an improved current–voltage characteristics by a factor of two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double exchange mediated magnetism and transport properties are exemplified in two-dimensional layered manganites, La[sub 1.2]Ca[sub 1.8]Mn[sub 2]O[sub 7]. We demonstrate here the role of ruthenium in showing increased metal-insulator transition temperature, T[sub P] and Curie temperature T[sub c], by about 15 K when Ru is substituted up to 10% (x = 0.2) at the Mn site. We discuss these unique features based on the existence of a redox ionic pair involving Mn[sup 3+]/Mn[sup 4+] ↔ Ru[sup 4+]/Ru[sup 5+] up to x∼0.2. Beyond the critical level (x∼0.2), Ru exists mostly in Ru[sup 4+] oxidation state leading to a weak double exchange interaction. We document here, an enhanced T[sub c] and T[sup P] in the layered manganites despite the disorder induced at the B site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report an enhanced negative magnetoresistance ratio of about 16% at 4.2 K at 1 T for CrO[sub 2]/TiO[sub 2] composites, compared to CrO[sub 2] powder compacts and CrO[sub 2]/RuO[sub 2] composite. The magnetoresistance ratio of 60% at 4.2 K is noted when TiO2 acts as tunneling barrier. The absence of substantial barrier heights with RuO[sub 2] grains does not alter the magnetoresistance compared to the CrO[sub 2] powder compacts. The insulating TiO[sub 2] grains increases the grain boundary barrier for the spin polarized tunneling, thereby enhancing the low field magnetoresistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the synthesis of bulk and thin films of La0.7Sr0.3Mn1-xRuxO3. Preparation of these films using pulsed laser deposition; Examination of the magnetization measurements of the bulk films; Comparison of the magnetoresistive behavior of Ru substituted films with the parent La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 films; Experimental procedures used in synthesis process; Summarization of the study.

Studies enhanced magnetoresistance in as-deposited oxygen-deficient thin films. Method of the study; Results and discussion; Conclusion.