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2. Genetically elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol through the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene does not associate with risk of Alzheimer's disease

Author

Peloso, G.M. (Gina M.), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Sims, R. (Rebecca), van der Lee, S.J. (S. J.), Naj, A.C. (A. C.), Bellenguez, C. (Céline), Badarinarayan, N. (Nandini), Jakobsdottir, M. (Margret), Kunkle, B.W. (B. W.), Boland, A. (A.), Raybould, R. (R.), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Martin, E.R. (E. R.), Grenier-Boley, B. (Benjamin), Heilmann-Heimbach, S. (S.), Chouraki, V. (V.), Kuzma, A.B. (A. B.), Sleegers, K. (K.), Vronskaya, M., Ruiz, A. (A.), Graham, R.R. (Robert), Olaso, R. (Robert), Hoffmann, P. (Per), Grove, M.L. (Megan), Vardarajan, B.N. (Badri), Hiltunen, M. (Mikko), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), White, C.C. (Charles), Hamilton-Nelson, K.L. (K. L.), Epelbaum, J. (Jacques), Maier, W. (Wolfgang), Choi, S.H. (S. H.), Beecham, G.W., Dulary, C. (C.), Herms, S. (Stefan), Smith, A.V. (Albert), Funk, C.C. (C. C.), Derbois, (), Forstner, A.J. (Andreas), Ahmad, S. (S.), Li, H. (Huaixing), Bacq, D. (D.), Harold, D. (D.), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Valladares, O. (Otto), Squassini, A. (Alessio), Thomas, R. (R.), Brody, J.A. (Jennifer A.), Qu, L. (Liming), Sanchez-Juan, P. (Pascual), Morgan, T. (Thomas), Wolters, F.J. (Frank), Zhao, Y. (Y.), Garcia, F.S. (F. S.), Denning, N. (Nicola), Fornage, M. (Myriam), Malamon, J. (J.), Naranjo, M.C.D. (M. C.D.), Majounie, E. (Elisa), Mosley, T.H. (Thomas H.), Dombroski, B. (B.), Wallon, D. (David), Lupton, M.K. (Michelle), Dupuis, J. (Josée), Whitehead, P. (P.), Fratiglioni, L. (L.), Medway, C. (Christopher), Jian, X. (X.), Mukherjee, S. (S.), Keller, L. (L.), Brown, K. (Kristelle), Lin, H. (Honghuang), Cantwell, L.B. (Laura B.), Panza, F. (F.), McGuinness, B. (B.), Moreno-Grau, S. (S.), Burgess, J.D. (J. D.), Solfrizzi, V. (Vincenzo), Proitsi, P. (P.), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Allen, M. (M.), Seripa, D. (Davide), Pastor, P. (P.), Cupples, L.A. (L. A.), Price, N.D. (N. D.), Hannequin, D. (Didier), Frank-Garcia, A. (Ana), Levy, D. (D.), Chakrabarty, P. (P.), Caffarra, P. (Paolo), Giegling, I. (Ina), Beiser, A. (Alexa), Giedraitis, V. (Vilmantas), Hampel, H. (Heather), Garcia, M.E. (M.), Wang, X. (X.), Lannfelt, L. (Lars), Mecocci, P. (Patrizia), Eiriksdottir, G. (Gudny), Crane, L.M.A., Pasquier, F. (Florence), Boccardi, V. (V.), Henández, I. (I.), Barber, R.C. (R. C.), Scherer, M. (M.), Tárraga, L. (L.), Adams, P.M. (P. M.), Leber, I. (Isabelle), Chen, Y.D.I. (Yii-Der Ida), Albert, M. (Michael), Riedel-Heller, S. (Steffi), Emilsson, V. (Valur), Beekly, D. (D.), Braae, A. (A.), Schmidt, R. (R.), Blacker, D. (D.), Masullo, C., Schmidt, H. (Helena), Doody, R.S. (R. S.), Spalletta, G. (Gianfranco), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Fairchild, T.J. (T. J.), Bossù, P. (P.), Lopez, O.L. (Oscar), Frosch, M.P. (Matthew), Sacchinelli, E. (E.), Ghetti, B. (Bernardino), Yang, Q. (Qiong Fang), Huebinger, R.M. (R. M.), Jessen, F., Li, S. (S.), Kamboh, M.I. (M. I.), Morris, J. (J.), Sotolongo-Grau, O. (O.), Katz, M.J. (M. J.), Corcoran, C. (C.), Dunstan, M.L., Braddel, A. (A.), Thomas, C. (C.), Meggy, A. (A.), Marshall, R. (R.), Gerrish, A. (Amy), Chapman, J. (Jade), Aguilar, M. (M.), Taylor, S. (S.), Hill, M. (M.), Fairén, M.D. (M. D.), Hodges, A. (A.), Vellas, B. (B.), Soininen, H. (H.), Kloszewska, I. (Iwona), Daniilidou, M. (M.), Uphill, J. (James), Patel, Y. (Y.), Hughes, J.T. (J. T.), Lord, J. (J.), Turton, J.C. (James), Hartmann, A.M. (A. M.), Cecchetti, R. (R.), Fenoglio, C. (Chiara), Serpente, M. (Maria), Arcaro, M. (M.), Caltagirone, C. (C.), Orfei, M.D. (M. D.), Ciaramella, A. (A.), Pichler, I. (Irene), Mayhaus, M. (Manuel), Gu, W. (W.), Lleo, A. (Alberto), Fortea, J. (J.), Blesa, R. (Rafael), Barber, I.S. (I. S.), Brookes, K. (K.), Cupidi, C. (Chiara), Maletta, R. (Raffaele), Carrell, D. (D.), Sorbi, S. (Sandro), Moebus, S. (Susanne), Urbano, M. (M.), Pilotto, A. (Alberto), Kornhuber, J. (Johannes), Bosco, P. (Paolo), Todd, S. (S.), Craig, D. (D.), Johnston, J. (J.), Gill, M. (M.), Lawlor, B.A. (B.), Lynch, A. (Aoibhinn), Fox, N.C. (Nick), Hardy, J. (J.), Albin, R.L. (R. L.), Apostolova, L.G. (L. G.), Arnold, S.E. (Steven), Asthana, S. (S.), Atwood, C.S. (Craig), Baldwin, C. (Clinton), Barnes, L.L. (L. L.), Barral, S. (Sandra), Beach, T.G. (Thomas), Becker, J.T. (James), Bigio, E.H. (Eileen), Bird, T.D. (T. D.), Boeve, B.F. (Bradley), Bowen, J.D. (J. D.), Boxer, A.L. (Adam), Burke, J.R. (J. R.), Burns, J.M. (J. M.), Buxbaum, J.D. (J. D.), Cairns, N.J. (N. J.), Cao, C. (C.), Carlson, C. (Chris), Carlsson, C.M. (C. M.), Carney, R.M. (R. M.), Carrasquillo, M.M. (M. M.), Carroll, S.L. (Steven), Diaz, C.C. (C. C.), Chui, H.C. (H. C.), Clark, D.G. (D. G.), Cribbs, D.H. (D. H.), Crocco, E.A. (E. A.), DeCarli, C. (Charles), Dick, M. (M.), Duara, R. (R.), Evans, D.A. (D. A.), Faber, K.M. (Kelley), Fallon, K.B. (K. B.), Fardo, D.W. (D. W.), Farlow, M.R. (M. R.), Ferris, S. (S.), Foroud, T.M. (T. M.), Galasko, D.R. (D. R.), Gearing, M. (Marla), Geschwind, H., Gilbert, J.R. (John R.), Graff-Radford, N.R. (Neill), Green, R.C. (Robert), Growdon, J.H. (J. H.), Hamilton, R.L. (Ronald L.), Harrell, L.E. (L. E.), Honig, L.S. (L. S.), Huentelman, M.J. (M. J.), Hulette, C. (Christine), Hyman, B.T. (Bradley), Jarvik, G.P. (Gail), Abner, E. (E.), Jin, L.W. (L. W.), Jun, G. (G.), Karydas, A. (A.), Kaye, J.A. (Jeffrey), Kim, R. (R.), Kowall, N.W. (N. W.), Kramer, J.H. (Joel), LaFerla, F.M. (F. M.), Lah, J.J. (J. J.), Leverenz, J.B. (J. B.), Levey, A.I. (Allan), Li, G. (Guo), Lieberman, A.P. (A. P.), Lunetta, K.L. (Kathryn), Lyketsos, C.G. (C. G.), Marson, D.C. (D. C.), Martiniuk, F. (F.), Mash, D.C. (Deborah C.), Masliah, E. (Eliezer), McCormick, W.C. (W. C.), McCurry, S.M. (S. M.), McDavid, A.N. (A. N.), McKee, A.C. (A. C.), Mesulam, M. (Marsel), Miller, B.L. (Bruce Lars), Miller, C.A. (C. A.), Miller, J.W. (J. W.), Morris, H. (Huw), Myers, A.J. (Amanda J.), O'Bryant, S. (S.), Olichney, J.M. (J. M.), Pankratz, V.S. (Shane), Parisi, J.E. (Joseph), Paulson, H.L. (Henry), Perry, W. (W.), Peskind, E. (E.), Pierce, A. (A.), Poon, W.W. (W. W.), Potter, H. (H.), Quinn, J.F. (J. F.), Raj, A. (A.), Raskind, M. (M.), Reisberg, B. (B.), Reitz, C. (C.), Ringman, J.M. (J. M.), Roberson, E.D. (E. D.), Rogaeva, E. (Ekaterina), Rosen, H.J. (H. J.), Rosenberg, R.N. (Roger), Sager, M.A. (M. A.), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Schneider, J.A. (Julie), Schneider, L.S. (L. S.), Seeley, W.W. (W. W.), Smith, A.G. (A. G.), Sonnen, J.A. (J. A.), Spina, S. (S.), Stern, R.A. (R. A.), Swerdlow, R.H. (R. H.), Tanzi, R.E. (R. E.), Thornton-Wells, T.A. (Tricia), Trojanowski, J.Q. (J. Q.), Troncoso, J.C. (J. C.), Deerlin, V.M. (Vivianna), Van Eldik, L.J. (L. J.), Vinters, H.V. (Harry), Vonsattel, J.P. (Jean Paul), Weintraub, S. (Sandra), Welsh-Bohmer, K.A. (Kathleen), Wilhelmsen, K.C., Williamson, J. (J.), Wingo, T.S. (T. S.), Woltjer, R.L. (Randall), Wright, C.B. (Clinton B.), Yu, C.E. (C. E.), Yu, L. (L.), Garzia, F. (F.), Golamaully, F. (F.), Septier, G. (G.), Engelborghs, S. (Sebastiaan), Vandenberghe, R. (Rik), Deyn, P.P. (Peter) de, Fernadez, C.M. (C. M.), Benito, Y.A. (Y. A.), Thonberg, H. (Håkan), Forsell, C. (C.), Lilius, L. (Lena), Kinhult-Stählbom, A. (A.), Kilander, L. (L.), Brundin, R. (R.), Concari, L. (L.), Helisalmi, S. (S.), Koivisto, A.M. (A. M.), Haapasalo, A. (Annakaisa), Dermecourt, V. (V.), Fievet, N. (N.), Hanon, O. (Olivier), Dufouil, C. (Carole), Brice, A., Ritchie, K. (Karen), Dubois, B. (B.), Himali, J.J. (Jayandra), Keene, C.D. (C. D.), Tschanz, J. (J.), Fitzpatrick, A.L. (Annette), Kukull, W.A., Norton, M. (M.), Aspelund, T. (Thor), Larson, E.B. (Eric B.), Munger, R. (R.), Rotter, J.I. (Jerome I.), Lipton, R.B. (R. B.), Bullido, M.J. (Maria), Hofman, A. (A.), Montine, T.J. (T. J.), Coto, E. (Eliecer), Boerwinkle, E. (E.), Petersen, R.C. (R. C.), Alvarez, V. (V.), Rivadeneira Ramirez, F. (Fernando), Reiman, E.M. (Eric), Gallo, V. (Valentina), O'Donnell, C.J. (Christopher), Reisch, J.S. (J. S.), Bruni, A.C. (Amalia), Royall, D.R. (D. R.), Kubisch, C. (Christian), Sano, M. (M.), Galimberti, D. (Daniela), St. George-Hyslop, P. (Peter), Scarpini, E. (Elio), Tsuang, D.W. (Debby W.), Mancuso, M. (M.), Bonuccelli, U. (Ubaldo), Winslow, A.R. (A. R.), Daniele, A. (A.), Wu, C.K. (C. K.), Peters, O. (Oscar), Nacmias, B. (Benedetta), Riemenschneider, M. (M.), Heun, R. (Reinhard), Brayne, C. (Carol), Rubinsztein, D.C. (David), Bras, J. (J.), Guerreiro, R. (R.), Al-Chalabi, A. (Ammar), Shaw, C.E. (C. E.), Collinge, J. (J.), Mann, D. (D.), Tsolaki, M. (Magda), Clarimón, J. (J.), Sussams, R. (R.), Lovestone, S. (Simon), O'donovan, M.C. (Michael), Owen, M.J. (Michael), Behrens, T.W. (Timothy), Mead, S. (S.), Goate, A.M. (Alison), Uitterlinden, A.G. (A. G.), Holmes, C. (C.), Cruchaga, C. (Carlos), Ingelsson, M. (Martin), Bennett, D.A. (David), Powell, J. (J.), Golde, T.E. (T. E.), Graff, C. (C.), De Jager, P., Morgan, K. (Kevin), Ertekin-Taner, N. (N.), Combarros, O. (Onofre), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Passmore, P. (P.), Younkin, S.G. (S. G.), Berr, C. (Claudine), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Rujescu, D. (D.), Dickson, D. (Dennis), Dartigues, J.-F., DeStefano, A.L. (Anita), Ortega-Cubero, S. (S.), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), Campion, D. (Dominique), Boada, M. (M.), Kauwe, J.K. (J. K.), Farrer, L.A. (Lindsay), Broeckhoven, C. (Christine) van, Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Jones, L. (L.), Haines, J.L. (Jonathan), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Escott-Price, V. (V.), Mayeux, R. (R.), Deleuze, J.-F. (Jean-François), Amin, N. (Najaf), Holmans, P.A. (Peter A.), Kunkle, B. (Brian), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Ramirez, A. (Alfredo), Wang, L.S. (L. S.), Lambert, J.-C. (J.), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Williams, J. (J.), Schellenberg, G.D. (Gerard), Destefano, A.L. (Anita L.), Seshardi, S. (Sudha), Peloso, G.M. (Gina M.), Lee, S.J. (Sven) van der, Sims, R. (Rebecca), van der Lee, S.J. (S. J.), Naj, A.C. (A. C.), Bellenguez, C. (Céline), Badarinarayan, N. (Nandini), Jakobsdottir, M. (Margret), Kunkle, B.W. (B. W.), Boland, A. (A.), Raybould, R. (R.), Bis, J.C. (Joshua), Martin, E.R. (E. R.), Grenier-Boley, B. (Benjamin), Heilmann-Heimbach, S. (S.), Chouraki, V. (V.), Kuzma, A.B. (A. B.), Sleegers, K. (K.), Vronskaya, M., Ruiz, A. (A.), Graham, R.R. (Robert), Olaso, R. (Robert), Hoffmann, P. (Per), Grove, M.L. (Megan), Vardarajan, B.N. (Badri), Hiltunen, M. (Mikko), Nöthen, M.M. (Markus), White, C.C. (Charles), Hamilton-Nelson, K.L. (K. L.), Epelbaum, J. (Jacques), Maier, W. (Wolfgang), Choi, S.H. (S. H.), Beecham, G.W., Dulary, C. (C.), Herms, S. (Stefan), Smith, A.V. (Albert), Funk, C.C. (C. C.), Derbois, (), Forstner, A.J. (Andreas), Ahmad, S. (S.), Li, H. (Huaixing), Bacq, D. (D.), Harold, D. (D.), Satizabal, C.L. (Claudia), Valladares, O. (Otto), Squassini, A. (Alessio), Thomas, R. (R.), Brody, J.A. (Jennifer A.), Qu, L. (Liming), Sanchez-Juan, P. (Pascual), Morgan, T. (Thomas), Wolters, F.J. (Frank), Zhao, Y. (Y.), Garcia, F.S. (F. S.), Denning, N. (Nicola), Fornage, M. (Myriam), Malamon, J. (J.), Naranjo, M.C.D. (M. C.D.), Majounie, E. (Elisa), Mosley, T.H. (Thomas H.), Dombroski, B. (B.), Wallon, D. (David), Lupton, M.K. (Michelle), Dupuis, J. (Josée), Whitehead, P. (P.), Fratiglioni, L. (L.), Medway, C. (Christopher), Jian, X. (X.), Mukherjee, S. (S.), Keller, L. (L.), Brown, K. (Kristelle), Lin, H. (Honghuang), Cantwell, L.B. (Laura B.), Panza, F. (F.), McGuinness, B. (B.), Moreno-Grau, S. (S.), Burgess, J.D. (J. D.), Solfrizzi, V. (Vincenzo), Proitsi, P. (P.), Adams, H.H.H. (Hieab), Allen, M. (M.), Seripa, D. (Davide), Pastor, P. (P.), Cupples, L.A. (L. A.), Price, N.D. (N. D.), Hannequin, D. (Didier), Frank-Garcia, A. (Ana), Levy, D. (D.), Chakrabarty, P. (P.), Caffarra, P. (Paolo), Giegling, I. (Ina), Beiser, A. (Alexa), Giedraitis, V. (Vilmantas), Hampel, H. (Heather), Garcia, M.E. (M.), Wang, X. (X.), Lannfelt, L. (Lars), Mecocci, P. (Patrizia), Eiriksdottir, G. (Gudny), Crane, L.M.A., Pasquier, F. (Florence), Boccardi, V. (V.), Henández, I. (I.), Barber, R.C. (R. C.), Scherer, M. (M.), Tárraga, L. (L.), Adams, P.M. (P. M.), Leber, I. (Isabelle), Chen, Y.D.I. (Yii-Der Ida), Albert, M. (Michael), Riedel-Heller, S. (Steffi), Emilsson, V. (Valur), Beekly, D. (D.), Braae, A. (A.), Schmidt, R. (R.), Blacker, D. (D.), Masullo, C., Schmidt, H. (Helena), Doody, R.S. (R. S.), Spalletta, G. (Gianfranco), Longstreth Jr, W.T., Fairchild, T.J. (T. J.), Bossù, P. (P.), Lopez, O.L. (Oscar), Frosch, M.P. (Matthew), Sacchinelli, E. (E.), Ghetti, B. (Bernardino), Yang, Q. (Qiong Fang), Huebinger, R.M. (R. M.), Jessen, F., Li, S. (S.), Kamboh, M.I. (M. I.), Morris, J. (J.), Sotolongo-Grau, O. (O.), Katz, M.J. (M. J.), Corcoran, C. (C.), Dunstan, M.L., Braddel, A. (A.), Thomas, C. (C.), Meggy, A. (A.), Marshall, R. (R.), Gerrish, A. (Amy), Chapman, J. (Jade), Aguilar, M. (M.), Taylor, S. (S.), Hill, M. (M.), Fairén, M.D. (M. D.), Hodges, A. (A.), Vellas, B. (B.), Soininen, H. (H.), Kloszewska, I. (Iwona), Daniilidou, M. (M.), Uphill, J. (James), Patel, Y. (Y.), Hughes, J.T. (J. T.), Lord, J. (J.), Turton, J.C. (James), Hartmann, A.M. (A. M.), Cecchetti, R. (R.), Fenoglio, C. (Chiara), Serpente, M. (Maria), Arcaro, M. (M.), Caltagirone, C. (C.), Orfei, M.D. (M. D.), Ciaramella, A. (A.), Pichler, I. (Irene), Mayhaus, M. (Manuel), Gu, W. (W.), Lleo, A. (Alberto), Fortea, J. (J.), Blesa, R. (Rafael), Barber, I.S. (I. S.), Brookes, K. (K.), Cupidi, C. (Chiara), Maletta, R. (Raffaele), Carrell, D. (D.), Sorbi, S. (Sandro), Moebus, S. (Susanne), Urbano, M. (M.), Pilotto, A. (Alberto), Kornhuber, J. (Johannes), Bosco, P. (Paolo), Todd, S. (S.), Craig, D. (D.), Johnston, J. (J.), Gill, M. (M.), Lawlor, B.A. (B.), Lynch, A. (Aoibhinn), Fox, N.C. (Nick), Hardy, J. (J.), Albin, R.L. (R. L.), Apostolova, L.G. (L. G.), Arnold, S.E. (Steven), Asthana, S. (S.), Atwood, C.S. (Craig), Baldwin, C. (Clinton), Barnes, L.L. (L. L.), Barral, S. (Sandra), Beach, T.G. (Thomas), Becker, J.T. (James), Bigio, E.H. (Eileen), Bird, T.D. (T. D.), Boeve, B.F. (Bradley), Bowen, J.D. (J. D.), Boxer, A.L. (Adam), Burke, J.R. (J. R.), Burns, J.M. (J. M.), Buxbaum, J.D. (J. D.), Cairns, N.J. (N. J.), Cao, C. (C.), Carlson, C. (Chris), Carlsson, C.M. (C. M.), Carney, R.M. (R. M.), Carrasquillo, M.M. (M. M.), Carroll, S.L. (Steven), Diaz, C.C. (C. C.), Chui, H.C. (H. C.), Clark, D.G. (D. G.), Cribbs, D.H. (D. H.), Crocco, E.A. (E. A.), DeCarli, C. (Charles), Dick, M. (M.), Duara, R. (R.), Evans, D.A. (D. A.), Faber, K.M. (Kelley), Fallon, K.B. (K. B.), Fardo, D.W. (D. W.), Farlow, M.R. (M. R.), Ferris, S. (S.), Foroud, T.M. (T. M.), Galasko, D.R. (D. R.), Gearing, M. (Marla), Geschwind, H., Gilbert, J.R. (John R.), Graff-Radford, N.R. (Neill), Green, R.C. (Robert), Growdon, J.H. (J. H.), Hamilton, R.L. (Ronald L.), Harrell, L.E. (L. E.), Honig, L.S. (L. S.), Huentelman, M.J. (M. J.), Hulette, C. (Christine), Hyman, B.T. (Bradley), Jarvik, G.P. (Gail), Abner, E. (E.), Jin, L.W. (L. W.), Jun, G. (G.), Karydas, A. (A.), Kaye, J.A. (Jeffrey), Kim, R. (R.), Kowall, N.W. (N. W.), Kramer, J.H. (Joel), LaFerla, F.M. (F. M.), Lah, J.J. (J. J.), Leverenz, J.B. (J. B.), Levey, A.I. (Allan), Li, G. (Guo), Lieberman, A.P. (A. P.), Lunetta, K.L. (Kathryn), Lyketsos, C.G. (C. G.), Marson, D.C. (D. C.), Martiniuk, F. (F.), Mash, D.C. (Deborah C.), Masliah, E. (Eliezer), McCormick, W.C. (W. C.), McCurry, S.M. (S. M.), McDavid, A.N. (A. N.), McKee, A.C. (A. C.), Mesulam, M. (Marsel), Miller, B.L. (Bruce Lars), Miller, C.A. (C. A.), Miller, J.W. (J. W.), Morris, H. (Huw), Myers, A.J. (Amanda J.), O'Bryant, S. (S.), Olichney, J.M. (J. M.), Pankratz, V.S. (Shane), Parisi, J.E. (Joseph), Paulson, H.L. (Henry), Perry, W. (W.), Peskind, E. (E.), Pierce, A. (A.), Poon, W.W. (W. W.), Potter, H. (H.), Quinn, J.F. (J. F.), Raj, A. (A.), Raskind, M. (M.), Reisberg, B. (B.), Reitz, C. (C.), Ringman, J.M. (J. M.), Roberson, E.D. (E. D.), Rogaeva, E. (Ekaterina), Rosen, H.J. (H. J.), Rosenberg, R.N. (Roger), Sager, M.A. (M. A.), Saykin, A.J. (Andrew), Schneider, J.A. (Julie), Schneider, L.S. (L. S.), Seeley, W.W. (W. W.), Smith, A.G. (A. G.), Sonnen, J.A. (J. A.), Spina, S. (S.), Stern, R.A. (R. A.), Swerdlow, R.H. (R. H.), Tanzi, R.E. (R. E.), Thornton-Wells, T.A. (Tricia), Trojanowski, J.Q. (J. Q.), Troncoso, J.C. (J. C.), Deerlin, V.M. (Vivianna), Van Eldik, L.J. (L. J.), Vinters, H.V. (Harry), Vonsattel, J.P. (Jean Paul), Weintraub, S. (Sandra), Welsh-Bohmer, K.A. (Kathleen), Wilhelmsen, K.C., Williamson, J. (J.), Wingo, T.S. (T. S.), Woltjer, R.L. (Randall), Wright, C.B. (Clinton B.), Yu, C.E. (C. E.), Yu, L. (L.), Garzia, F. (F.), Golamaully, F. (F.), Septier, G. (G.), Engelborghs, S. (Sebastiaan), Vandenberghe, R. (Rik), Deyn, P.P. (Peter) de, Fernadez, C.M. (C. M.), Benito, Y.A. (Y. A.), Thonberg, H. (Håkan), Forsell, C. (C.), Lilius, L. (Lena), Kinhult-Stählbom, A. (A.), Kilander, L. (L.), Brundin, R. (R.), Concari, L. (L.), Helisalmi, S. (S.), Koivisto, A.M. (A. M.), Haapasalo, A. (Annakaisa), Dermecourt, V. (V.), Fievet, N. (N.), Hanon, O. (Olivier), Dufouil, C. (Carole), Brice, A., Ritchie, K. (Karen), Dubois, B. (B.), Himali, J.J. (Jayandra), Keene, C.D. (C. D.), Tschanz, J. (J.), Fitzpatrick, A.L. (Annette), Kukull, W.A., Norton, M. (M.), Aspelund, T. (Thor), Larson, E.B. (Eric B.), Munger, R. (R.), Rotter, J.I. (Jerome I.), Lipton, R.B. (R. B.), Bullido, M.J. (Maria), Hofman, A. (A.), Montine, T.J. (T. J.), Coto, E. (Eliecer), Boerwinkle, E. (E.), Petersen, R.C. (R. C.), Alvarez, V. (V.), Rivadeneira Ramirez, F. (Fernando), Reiman, E.M. (Eric), Gallo, V. (Valentina), O'Donnell, C.J. (Christopher), Reisch, J.S. (J. S.), Bruni, A.C. (Amalia), Royall, D.R. (D. R.), Kubisch, C. (Christian), Sano, M. (M.), Galimberti, D. (Daniela), St. George-Hyslop, P. (Peter), Scarpini, E. (Elio), Tsuang, D.W. (Debby W.), Mancuso, M. (M.), Bonuccelli, U. (Ubaldo), Winslow, A.R. (A. R.), Daniele, A. (A.), Wu, C.K. (C. K.), Peters, O. (Oscar), Nacmias, B. (Benedetta), Riemenschneider, M. (M.), Heun, R. (Reinhard), Brayne, C. (Carol), Rubinsztein, D.C. (David), Bras, J. (J.), Guerreiro, R. (R.), Al-Chalabi, A. (Ammar), Shaw, C.E. (C. E.), Collinge, J. (J.), Mann, D. (D.), Tsolaki, M. (Magda), Clarimón, J. (J.), Sussams, R. (R.), Lovestone, S. (Simon), O'donovan, M.C. (Michael), Owen, M.J. (Michael), Behrens, T.W. (Timothy), Mead, S. (S.), Goate, A.M. (Alison), Uitterlinden, A.G. (A. G.), Holmes, C. (C.), Cruchaga, C. (Carlos), Ingelsson, M. (Martin), Bennett, D.A. (David), Powell, J. (J.), Golde, T.E. (T. E.), Graff, C. (C.), De Jager, P., Morgan, K. (Kevin), Ertekin-Taner, N. (N.), Combarros, O. (Onofre), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce), Passmore, P. (P.), Younkin, S.G. (S. G.), Berr, C. (Claudine), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Rujescu, D. (D.), Dickson, D. (Dennis), Dartigues, J.-F., DeStefano, A.L. (Anita), Ortega-Cubero, S. (S.), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), Campion, D. (Dominique), Boada, M. (M.), Kauwe, J.K. (J. K.), Farrer, L.A. (Lindsay), Broeckhoven, C. (Christine) van, Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Jones, L. (L.), Haines, J.L. (Jonathan), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Escott-Price, V. (V.), Mayeux, R. (R.), Deleuze, J.-F. (Jean-François), Amin, N. (Najaf), Holmans, P.A. (Peter A.), Kunkle, B. (Brian), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Ramirez, A. (Alfredo), Wang, L.S. (L. S.), Lambert, J.-C. (J.), Seshadri, S. (Sudha), Williams, J. (J.), Schellenberg, G.D. (Gerard), Destefano, A.L. (Anita L.), and Seshardi, S. (Sudha)

Abstract

Introduction: There is conflicting evidence whether high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia. Genetic variation in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) locus is associated with altered HDL-C. We aimed to assess AD risk by genetically predicted HDL-C. Methods: Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms within the CETP locus predicting HDL-C were applied to the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) exome chip stage 1 results in up 16,097 late onset AD cases and 18,077 cognitively normal elderly controls. We performed instrumental variables analysis using inverse variance weighting, weighted median, and MR-Egger. Results: Based on 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms distinctly predicting HDL-C in the CETP locus, we found that HDL-C was not associated with risk of AD (P >.7). Discussion: Our study does not support the role of HDL-C on risk of AD through HDL-C altered b

Published
2018
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3. Assessing manual wheelchair caster design for mobility in winter conditions.

Author

Berthelette, M., Mann, D. D., Ripat, J., and Glazebrook, C. M.

Abstract

Wheelchair users who live in cold climates are faced with daily difficulties related to personal independence and societal inclusion as their assistive devices are unable to overcome the physical barriers created by snow and ice. The purpose of the research was to evaluate four commercially available casters to determine which caster performed best on snow-covered surfaces. Performance measures included: travel time, force transfer through the palms of the hands, number of propulsive movements, static resistance to movement, kinetic resistance to movement, and caster penetration into the packed snow. On a snow-covered incline, the FreeWheel™ caster enabled travel time to be decreased by 10 s, requiring 3 fewer propulsive movements and 60% of the amount of force to propel the wheelchair compared with solid casters. Static and kinetic resistance tests did not differentiate the four caster types. Penetration into packed snow was reduced from 11.9 mm to approximately 1 mm by changing from solid casters to the FreeWheel™ or Wheelblades™ caster types on flat surfaces. Similar results were observed on a snow-covered incline for the Wheelblades™, however, the FreeWheel™ penetrated approximately 8 mm. Considering the entire body of evidence, the FreeWheel™ performed the best on snow-covered surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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4. Design and Evaluation of Individual Elements of the Interface for an Agricultural Machine.

Author

Rakhra, A. K. and Mann, D. D.

Subjects
INFORMATION resources management, INFORMATION processing, AGRICULTURAL equipment, HUMAN-machine systems, MACHINERY
Abstract

If a user-centered approach is not used to design information displays, the quantity and quality of information presented to the user may not match the needs of the user, or it may exceed the capability of the human operator for processing and using that information. The result may be an excessive mental workload and reduced situation awareness of the operator, which can negatively affect the machine performance and operational outcomes. The increasing use of technology in agricultural machines may expose the human operator to excessive and undesirable information if the operator's information needs and information processing capabilities are ignored. In this study, a user-centered approach was used to design specific interface elements for an agricultural air seeder. Designs of the interface elements were evaluated in a laboratory environment by developing high-fidelity prototypes. Evaluations of the user interface elements yielded significant improvement in situation awareness (up to 11%; overall mean difference = 5.0 (4.8%), 95% CI (6.4728, 3.5939), p < 0.0001). Mental workload was reduced by up to 19.7% (overall mean difference = -5.2 (-7.9%), n = 30, α = 0.05). Study participants rated the overall performance of the newly designed user-centered interface elements higher in comparison to the previous designs (overall mean difference = 27.3 (189.8%), 99% CI (35.150, 19.384), p < 0.0001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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8. ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of 7- Diazabicycloalkylquinolones, Including Danofloxacin, a New Quinolone Antibacterial Agent for Veterinary Medicine.

Author

MCGUIRK, P. R., primary, JEFSON, M. R., additional, MANN, D. D., additional, ELLIOTT, N. C., additional, CHANG, P., additional, CISEK, E. P., additional, CORNELL, C. P., additional, GOOTZ, T. D., additional, HASKELL, S. L., additional, HINDAHL, M. S., additional, LAFLEUR, L. J., additional, ROSENFELD, M. J., additional, SHRYOCK, T. R., additional, SILVIA, A. M., additional, and WEBER, F. H., additional

Published
2010
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11. Impact of Automation on Drivers' Performance in Agricultural Semi-Autonomous Vehicles.

Author

Bashiri, B. and Mann, D. D.

Subjects
AUTOMATION, FARM trucks, MOTOR vehicle drivers, FARM tractors, AUTOMOBILE driving simulators
Abstract

The article discusses a study which examines the impact of vehicle steering task automation (VSTA) and implement control and monitoring task automation (ICMTA) on the performance of agricultural vehicle drivers. The tests were performed using the tractor driving simulation (TDS) from the University of Manitoba. Findings show the significant contribution of automation to the decline of drivers' reaction time and number of errors.

Published
2015
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13. Evaluation of Implement Monitoring Systems.

Author

Rakhra, A. K. and Mann, D. D.

Subjects
MOTOR vehicle drivers, ELECTRIC machinery monitoring, REARVIEW mirrors, MUSCULOSKELETAL system diseases, TRACTORS
Abstract

The article presents a study comparing the three implement monitoring systems including direct viewing via turning, indirect viewing via mirrors, and indirect viewing via camera to monitor performance of tractor drivers, physical impact on the operator, and operator preference. As mentioned, no significant differences in monitoring performance of operator were observed. It is also mentioned that rearward turning of tractor drivers can cause musculoskeletal disorders.

Published
2013
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15. Effect of Using GPS Autosteer Guidance Systems on the Eye-Glance Behavior and Posture of Tractor Operators.

Author

Karimi, D., Henry, J., and Mann, D. D.

Subjects
STEERING gear, TRACTORS, NECK abnormalities, BACK diseases, POSTURE
Abstract

The article offers information on a study related to the use of autosteer guidance systems by tractor operators. It reports that the study aimed at evaluating the changes in the behavior and posture of operators on using autosteer guidance systems. It informs about tractor operators who suffered neck and back disorders during the conduction of a task of steering the tractor.

Published
2012
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16. Lateral pressure variation in a model biofilter bin due to wetting and drying cycles.

Author

Ima, C. S. and Mann, D. D.

Subjects
*BIOFILTERS, *WETTING, *DRYING, *MOISTURE, *WOOD chips, *IRRIGATION
Abstract

Biofilter media are subject to continuous variation in moisture content. Movement of air through the biofilter causes drying of the media to the extent that biofiltration would be inefficient. Water is added to increase the moisture content to the required levels. The cycle of drying and wetting is repeated on a daily basis. Tests were conducted to measure the variation in lateral pressure caused by these wetting and drying cycles in model bins using woodchips as the medium. Three model biofilter bins (0.5 m by 0.5 m, and 1.2 m tall) were used. Lateral pressures were measured with flat metal diaphragm transducers mounted on the bin wall at 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 m above the bin floor while moisture content was measured with relative humid- ity sensors located at 0.2, 0.6, and 1.0 m above the bin floor. A metric ruler was used to measure the amount of settling of the media that occurred after each cycle. Wetting of the material was achieved by surface irrigation using a watering can. A ventilation fan was used as a means of facilitating the drying phase. Five wetting and drying cycles were examined. The results showed that both lateral pressure and amount of settling increased as the number of wetting and drying cycles increased. Analysis of variance (Duncan's test) performed at the 5% error rate showed significant differences (P <0.0001) between pressure values observed in the different cycles at each transducer location for the three bins. The greatest value of lateral pressure in each cycle was observed near the bottom of the bin (i.e., at the 0.2 m location) whereas the greatest pressure increase as well as the greatest overpressure factors in bins 1, 2, and 3 occurred at 0.7, 0.5, and 0.7 m locations, respectively. Multiple regression analysis was used to generate a prediction model that estimated peak lateral pressure as a function of media moisture content, bulk density, and height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011

17. Motorist Comprehension of the Slow-Moving Vehicle Emblem in Manitoba.

Author

Kroeker, A. M. and Mann, D. D.

Subjects
COMPREHENSION, MOTOR vehicle registration emblems, STREET signs, MOTOR vehicle drivers
Abstract

The article presents a study which tests the slow-moving vehicle (SMV) emblems against common road signs and alternative SMV emblems to determine the level of comprehension by motorists in Manitoba. The study reveals that 225 of the participants correctly identified the SMV emblems. The study concludes that there is not enough evidence that suggests the replacement of the symbolic SMV emblems.

Published
2010
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18. Evaluation of airflow through a horizontal-airflow biofilter with a non-pressurized headspace.

Author

Mann, D. D., Wilson, K. N., and Ima, C. S.

Subjects
*AIR flow, *ODOR control, *VENTILATION, *FILTERS & filtration, *HYDROGEN sulfide, *BARNS, *LIVESTOCK, *ANIMAL industry
Abstract

The control of odour from livestock barns continues to be an issue of importance for the livestock industry. A horizontal-airflow biofilter without a pressurized headspace was designed to eliminate problems that had been observed with a previous pressurized-headspace design. Seven distinct biofilter units were constructed adjacent to a commercial hog barn in southern Manitoba. Air velocity was measured across the top and side surfaces of each biofilter. Exit velocity was uniform across the sides, but more air exited through the top surface of the biofilter than was anticipated based on the design of the biofilter. Zeolite added to the biofilter medium (woodchip and compost mixture) enhanced the effectiveness of hydrogen sulfide reduction by up to 30% without negatively affecting airflow characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008

19. Evaluation of Mechanical Tractor Pedal Extensions.

Author

Kelso, S. A., Stangherlin, A. M., and Mann, D. D.

Subjects
TRACTORS, RESEARCH, SAFETY, ERGONOMICS, WORK environment, TECHNOLOGY, STATISTICS, QUANTITATIVE research, HAZARDS
Abstract

The article reports on a research on the evaluation of mechanical tractor pedal extensions to evaluate mechanical tractor pedal extension from a safety perspective. It identifies 19 potential hazards linked with the introduction of pedal extension into the cab of a tractor. According to the author, the result of the research suggest that custom fabrication of pedal extensions for each tractor will likely yield the safest work environment for those who choose to use the assistive technology. He adds that statistical analysis of the results did not identify a best design, however, several important trends were seen.

Published
2008
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20. A Mathematical Equation for Quantifying Control Functionality in Agricultural Tractors.

Author

Drakopoulos, D. and Mann, D. D.

Subjects
FARM tractors, EQUATIONS, MATHEMATICS, AGRICULTURE, TRACTORS, PUBLISHING, LITERATURE, MATHEMATICAL programming, ALGEBRA
Abstract

The article reports on the mathematical equation for quantifying control functionality in agricultural tractors. It states that the overall accessibility of controls is one of the most important issue to consider when designing a control layout. The author intends to introduce a numerical index or index of functionality which is capable of comparing different control arrangements in agricultural tractors. The author adds that the model is based on information that has been taken from the published literature, with input from both professional ergonomists and experienced agricultural tractor operators.

Published
2008
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21. Application of Auditory Signals to the Operation of an Agricultural Vehicle: Results of Pilot Testing.

Author

Karimi, D., Mondor, T. A., and Mann, D. D.

Subjects
AGRICULTURAL equipment, AGRICULTURAL instruments, TRACTOR driving, FARM tractors, AUDITORY evoked response, HEARING, AUDITORY perception
Abstract

The article focuses on the operation of agricultural vehicle through auditory signals in the U.S. It reveals that the operation of agricultural vehicle is a multitask activity that requires proper distribution of attentional resources because it involves steering the vehicle, monitoring and controlling the operation of a machine. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of tractor driving through the use of auditory signals and result shows that auditory implementation of steering task resulted in lower performance levels but the application of auditory cues for the monitoring task resulted in a significant improvement in performance and received positive subjective assessments.

Published
2008
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22. Interprofessional Teaching Teams: Addressing Emerging Areas in Biosystems Engineering Using a Client-based Learning Project.

Author

Mann, D. D., Ripat, J., and Quanbury, A.

Subjects
BIOLOGICAL systems, ENGINEERING design, ASSISTIVE technology, ENGINEERING students, ENGINEERING
Abstract

In January 2004, a Biosystems Engineering design elective entitled 'Design of Assistive Technology Device' was offered for the first time. The course was team-taught by one instructor from the Department of Biosystems Engineering and two instructors from the Department of Occupational Therapy. The course covered the application and design of technology for individuals with disabilities; emphasizing the development of the requisite knowledge, skills and attitudes to evaluate, design and implement client-centred assistive technology services. Students were involved in the clinical assessment process, designed an assistive technology device, evaluated a prototype of the assistive technology device and prepared a written report describing the assistive technology device. Overall, this was a positive experience. The engineering students enjoyed the novel course material and appreciated the input from the diverse teaching team. Based on the quality of the project reports submitted, it can be concluded that the students gained an understanding of the process associated with designing assistive technology for individuals with disabilities. The logistical issues associated with teaching a course involving resources and instructors from two separate campuses can be overcome. The collaborative model presented by this course suggests a way for former agricultural engineering departments to offer courses in areas outside the expertise of their own educational background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007

23. An Experiment in Integrating Communication into the Biosystems Engineering Design Trilogy.

Author

Mann, D. D., Ingram, S., Dick, K. J., and Britton, M. G.

Subjects
COMMUNICATION of technical information, ENGINEERING design, ENGINEERING, ENGINEERING students
Abstract

Technical communication is recognized as a fundamental and necessary skill for engineers of all disciplines in all types of careers. As a result, it is firmly entrenched as a mandatory course in Canadian faculties of engineering. Technical communication, however, has not always been palatable for engineering students because it emphasizes the 'softer' skills which students tend to devalue in comparison to the seemingly more objective, 'harder' engineering skills. Engineering faculties generally offer technical communications as a separate distinct course. This results in students viewing these courses as separate from the engineering curriculum and placing them in with their other elective obligations. Opportunities for innovative ideas to stress the importance of technical communications while incorporating this skill set into the engineering students' toolbox are being welcomed. The Department of Biosystems Engineering at the University of Manitoba has integrated technical communication instruction into a capstone design course. A trained technical communication expert teaches the course together with professional engineers. Because the technical communication instruction relates to the design projects being completed, the students see the value of technical communication in the overall design process; thus it is not regarded as a separate or unrelated activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007

24. Plasma cortisol and noradrenalin concentrations in pigs: automated sampling of freely moving pigs housed in the PigTurn versus manually sampled and restrained pigs.

Author

Marchant-Forde, J. N., Matthews, D. L., Poletto, R., McCain, R. R., Mann, D. D., DeGraw, R. T., Hampsch, J. M., Peters, S., Knipp, G. T., and Kissinger, C. B.

Subjects
SWINE, HYDROCORTISONE, NORADRENALINE, BLOOD testing, AUDITORY perception
Abstract

The article presents a study to compare stress-induced cortisol (CORT) and noradrenalin (NorA) responses in automated versus manual blood sampling in pigs. Restraint and manual sampling can reportedly be more stressful to pigs compared to the less stressful quality afforded by the automated sampling of freely moving animals. The article states that olfactory and auditory stimuli manifested by manually sampled pigs had no effect on non-handled animals' plasma cortisol or nonadrenalin content.

Published
2012
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25. Effect of T-2 toxin on the bovine immune system: humoral factors

Author

Mann, D D, Buening, G M, Hook, B S, and Osweiler, G D

Abstract

The effect of a Fusarium metabolite, T-2 toxin, on the bovine humoral immune system was explored during high-level, chronic administration. T-2 toxin administered to calves for 43 days at the rate of 0.6 mg/kg per day was associated with alterations of serum protein fractions, immunoglobulin levels, and C3 levels. Significant reductions in the levels of alpha, beta 1, beta 2, and gamma globulins, but not albumin, occurred after T-2 toxin administration. Likewise, a decline in C3 and serum immunoglobulin levels were evident. The levels of immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin A, but not immunoglobulin G, in toxin-treated calves were significantly lower than control levels.

Published
1982
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26. Effect of subclinical levels of T-2 toxin on the bovine cellular immune system

Author

Mann, D D, Buening, G M, Osweiler, G D, and Hook, B S

Subjects
B-Lymphocytes, Immunity, Cellular, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Neutrophils, T-Lymphocytes, Lymphocyte Activation, Leukocyte Count, T-2 Toxin, Animals, Cattle, Mitogens, Sesquiterpenes, Cells, Cultured, Research Article
Abstract

The effect of subclinical levels of mycotoxin T-2 on the cells of the bovine immune system was investigated in two in vivo experiments. In experiment 1, five calves were orally dosed with 0.3 mg/kg/day of T-2 toxin for 56 days and five calves were pair fed controls. The neutrophil function as measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction was reduced in the mycotoxin treated calves. The cutaneous reaction to intradermally injected phytohemagglutinin was reduced in the T-2 toxin treated calves. B-cell (SIg+) numbers increased slightly, but T-cell (PNA+) numbers were not affected during the experimental period. In the second experiment, six calves were given 0.5 mg/kg/day T-2 toxin orally for 28 days and six calves were pair fed controls. B-cell numbers and the response of a B-cell enriched fraction to phytohemagglutinin increased after toxin administration. T-cell numbers and the response of a T-cell enriched fraction and the whole mononuclear cell population to phytohemagglutinin was reduced only on day 19 posttoxin administration. The in vitro (T-2 toxin) exposure of the mononuclear cell population, B-cell enriched, or T-cell enriched fraction reduced their lymphoblastic response to mitogens. A 50% reduction was induced by as little as 1.4 ng/mL of T-2 toxin.

Published
1984

29. Factors contributing to single yarn entanglement around a Cardan joint rotating at high speed.

Author

Xu, J., Kroeker, A., and Mann, D. D.

Subjects
*YARN, *WOOL, *TEXTILE fibers, *PLANT products, *MOISTURE, *RAINFALL
Abstract

Entanglements around rotating power take-off shafts continue to cause farm injuries. Research is necessary to understand the factors that contribute to entanglements so that, if possible, design modifications can be made to reduce their probability. In this study, five parameters (material moisture content, joint angle, approach direction, approach velocity, and material length) were investigated using a Cardan joint rotating at 1140 rpm. A total of 258 entanglements occurred out of 720 trials; all entanglements occurred at the jaws of the Cardan joints. Of the two approach directions tested, entanglements were more likely to occur when the periphery of the rotating joint moved toward the free end of the hanging yarn. The moisture content of the yarn does not seem to contribute to the probability of entanglement for single strands of yarn. Long strands of yarn tended to be entangled more readily than short strands of yarn. More entanglements occurred with an approach speed of 10 cm/min than with an approach speed of 50 cm/min. Joint angle plays an important role in determining the probability of entanglement for a single strand of yarn. Positive joint angles cause fewer entanglements than negative joint angles. Further investigation is needed to explain this observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010

30. Mental workload associated with operating an agricultural sprayer: an empirical approach.

Author

Dey AK and Mann DD

Subjects
Adult, Agriculture methods, Automobile Driving psychology, Computer Simulation, Equipment Design, Geographic Information Systems, Heart Rate physiology, Humans, Male, Man-Machine Systems, Middle Aged, Motor Vehicles, Students, Task Performance and Analysis, Universities, Young Adult, Agriculture instrumentation, Lighting, Psychomotor Performance physiology, Workload psychology
Abstract

Agricultural spraying involves two major tasks: guiding a sprayer in response to a GPS navigation device, and simultaneous monitoring of rear-attached booms under various illumination and terrain difficulty levels. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of illumination, task difficulty, and task level on the mental workload of an individual operating an agricultural sprayer in response to a commercial GPS lightbar, and to explore the sensitivity of the NASA-TLX and SSWAT subjective rating scales in discriminating the subjective experienced workload under various task, illumination, and difficulty levels. Mental workload was measured using performance measures (lateral root mean square error and reaction time), physiological measures (0.1 Hz power of HRV, latency of the P300 component of event-related potential, and eye-glance behavior), and two subjective rating scales (NASA-TLX and SSWAT). Sixteen male university students participated in this experiment, and a fixed-base high-fidelity agricultural tractor simulator was used to create a simulated spraying task. All performance measures, the P300 latency, and subjective rating scales showed a common trend that mental workload increased with the change in illumination from day to night, with task difficulty from low to high, and with task type from single to dual. The 0.1 Hz power of HRV contradicted the performance measures. Eye-glance data showed that under night illumination, participants spent more time looking at the lightbar for guidance information. A similar trend was observed with the change in task type from single to dual. Both subjective rating scales showed a common trend of increasing mental workload with the change in illumination, difficulty, and task levels. However, the SSWAT scale was more sensitive than the NASA-TLX scale. With the change in illumination, difficulty, and task levels, participants spent more mental resources to meet the increased task demand; hence, the illumination, task difficulty, and task level affected the mental workload of an agricultural sprayer operator operating a sprayer in response to a GPS lightbar.

Published
2011
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31. A complete task analysis to measure the workload associated with operating an agricultural sprayer equipped with a navigation device.

Author

Dey AK and Mann DD

Subjects
Adult, Equipment Design, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Agriculture instrumentation, Geographic Information Systems instrumentation, Man-Machine Systems, Task Performance and Analysis, Workload psychology
Abstract

The objective of this study was to perform a complete task analysis to measure the workload associated with operating an agricultural sprayer equipped with a navigation device. The task analysis included a written questionnaire and subsequent observation of sprayer operators. The questionnaire revealed that the lightbar was the most important source of guidance information (as opposed to relying on guidance information from external field cues). Observation consisted of recording eye-glance behaviour and heart rate variability while operators were spraying in a field setting. The eye-glance data suggest that external cues are more important than the lightbar for providing the necessary navigation information. Thus, the questionnaire and observation data contradict each other. Based on heart rate variability, operators who used a lightbar navigation device experienced more mental workload than operators who used an auto-steer navigation device.

Published
2010
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32. Ergonomic concerns with lightbar guidance displays.

Author

Ima CS and Mann DD

Subjects
Agriculture methods, Color Perception, Data Display, Equipment Design, Humans, Man-Machine Systems, Systems Analysis, Agriculture instrumentation, Ergonomics
Abstract

This article reviews some ergonomic factors associated with agricultural guidance displays. Any technology or management decision that improves the efficiency of an agricultural operation can be considered an aspect of precision farming. Agricultural guidance displays are one such tool because they help to reduce guidance error (i.e., skipping and overlapping of implements within the field), which result in improper application of crop inputs at increased cost. Although each of the guidance displays currently available functions using a different principle, their key objective is to communicate useful guidance information to the operator of the agricultural machine. The case with which the operator obtains the required information depends on a number of ergonomic factors, such as color perceptibility, flash rate, attentional demand, display size, viewing distance, and height of placement of the display in the cab. Ergonomics can be defined as the application of knowledge to create a safe, comfortable, and effective work environment. Consequently, it is critical to consider ergonomics when designing guidance displays or when locating a display in the tractor cab. Without considering ergonomics, it is unlikely that the efficiency of the human-machine system can be optimized.

Published
2004
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33. Factors contributing to guidance performance when using a camera-based guidance aid.

Author

Tang P and Mann DD

Subjects
Humans, Risk Factors, Safety, Video Recording, Accidents, Occupational prevention & control, Accidents, Traffic prevention & control, Agriculture, Equipment Safety instrumentation, Equipment Safety methods
Abstract

A guidance aid is a device that provides guidance information to the driver rather than replacing the driver. With a camera-based guidance aid, the view seen by a forward-looking video camera is displayed on a monitor situated within the operator station of the vehicle. As the vehicle moves forward, images of the ground scroll vertically across the monitor. The rate at which the image scrolls, the image velocity, is related to the forward velocity of the vehicle, the placement of the camera (height and tilt angle), and the optical characteristics of the guidance camera. When tested with a tractor at forward velocities between 1.6 and 12.8 km/h, lateral error increased linearly as image velocity increased. Driver self-confidence decreased linearly as image velocity increased. Based on subjective feedback, drivers preferred a camera tilt angle of 20 degrees (over either 30 degrees or 40 degrees) because it yielded the greatest look-ahead distance. Statistically, a tilt angle of 30 degrees was best for a camera with a narrow field of view (narrow FOV, 20 degrees in the lateral direction). For a camera with a wide field of view (wide FOV, 39 degrees in the lateral direction), there was no statistical difference. For the narrow FOV camera, a camera height of 1.1 m yielded statistically smaller lateral errors than a camera height of 1.5 m. There was no statistical difference for the wide FOV camera. Overall, the lateral error was statistically smaller for the narrow FOV camera than for the wide FOV camera due to the difference in the lateral ratio for each camera, where the lateral ratio is the ratio of the lateral field of view of the camera to the fixed monitor width.

Published
2003
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34. Increasing osteopathic manipulative treatment skills and confidence through mastery learning.

Author

Mann DD, Eland DC, Patriquin DA, and Johnson DF

Subjects
Humans, Clinical Competence, Manipulation, Orthopedic methods, Osteopathic Medicine education
Abstract

Several recent studies document the declining use of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in clinical practice. In this article, the authors contend that developing new teaching materials based on the mastery learning approach can augment time-tested methods of teaching OMT and help to stop or reverse this decline. The Spencer technique for shoulder manipulation is used to demonstrate the development and evaluation of OMT mastery learning materials. These materials could be developed as part of a progressive teaching sequence requiring increasing diagnostic acumen, palpatory skill, and therapeutic subtlety. Such a program could be used throughout osteopathic medical training and for continuing medical education to increase skills and confidence in the use of OMT.

Published
2000

35. An osteopathic prescription for medical education reform: Part 1. Curriculum and infrastructure.

Author

Ross-Lee B, Wood DL, Mann DD, Portanova RP, Kiss LE, and Weiser MA

Subjects
Curriculum, Education, Medical, Osteopathic Medicine education
Abstract

Medical education has not kept pace with the evolving healthcare system. Criticism from industry and policy observers focuses on four major areas requiring reform: the curriculum, the fragmented educational infrastructure, the specialist-to-generalist mix, and the alienation from community and public health. The dominance of managed care organizations in the delivery and financing of healthcare is forcing a new set of physician competencies to the fore and changing projections of physician manpower and specialty needs. The authors address the four major criticisms from a uniquely osteopathic point-of-view. In this first of two articles, the authors describe the evolving osteopathic medical education model, and then employ a medical analogy to diagnose the causes of and propose treatments for curricular issues and infrastructure fragmentation. In the second article of the pair, they explore the causes of and propose strategies to address the generalist-to-specialist imbalance and the alienation of medicine from community and public health; the article also explores the role of technology in support of reform. In each article, the authors propose treatments to correct the problems in the osteopathic medical education model, and conclude that the profession is well-positioned to lead medical education reform.

Published
1997
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36. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-diazabicycloalkylquinolones, including danofloxacin, a new quinolone antibacterial agent for veterinary medicine.

Author

McGuirk PR, Jefson MR, Mann DD, Elliott NC, Chang P, Cisek EP, Cornell CP, Gootz TD, Haskell SL, and Hindahl MS

Subjects
Actinobacillus Infections drug therapy, Actinobacillus Infections veterinary, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Aerobiosis, Anaerobiosis, Animals, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Anti-Infective Agents therapeutic use, Bacterial Infections drug therapy, Cattle, Cattle Diseases drug therapy, Female, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Positive Bacteria drug effects, Mice, Molecular Structure, Pasteurella Infections drug therapy, Pasteurella Infections veterinary, Quinolones pharmacology, Quinolones therapeutic use, Structure-Activity Relationship, Swine, Swine Diseases drug therapy, Anti-Infective Agents chemical synthesis, Bacterial Infections veterinary, Fluoroquinolones, Quinolones chemical synthesis
Abstract

A series of novel 6-fluoro-7-diazabicycloalkylquinolonecarboxylic acids substituted with various C8 (H, F, Cl, N) and N1 (ethyl, cyclopropyl, vinyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl) substituents, as well as, 9-fluoro-10-diazabicycloalkylpyridobenzoxazinecarboxylic acids, were prepared and evaluated for antibacterial activity against a range of important veterinary pathogenic bacteria. The diazabicycloalkyl side chains investigated at the 7-position (benzoxazine 10-position) include (1S,4S)-5-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (2), (1S,4S)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (3), (1R,4R)-5-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (4), 8-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (5), 9-methyl-3,9-diazabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane (6), 1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane (7), 1,4-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (8), and 9-methyl-3,9-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9). Among these side chains, in vitro potency was not highly variable; other properties therefore proved more critical to the selection of possible development candidates. However, the relative potencies observed for several of these compounds in mouse, swine, and cattle infection models correlated well with those seen in vitro. A combination of the N1 cyclopropyl group and the C7 (1S,4S)-5-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl appendage conferred the best overall antibacterial, physiochemical, and pharmacodynamic properties. Hence, danofloxacin (Advocin, 2c) (originally CP-76,136, 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-7-[(1S,4S)-5-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1] hept-2-yl]-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid) was selected as a candidate for development as a therapeutic antibacterial agent for veterinary medicine.

Published
1992
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37. Effect of subclinical levels of T-2 toxin on the bovine cellular immune system.

Author

Mann DD, Buening GM, Osweiler GD, and Hook BS

Subjects
Animals, B-Lymphocytes drug effects, B-Lymphocytes immunology, Cattle, Cells, Cultured, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Leukocyte Count veterinary, Lymphocyte Activation drug effects, Mitogens pharmacology, Neutrophils drug effects, Neutrophils immunology, T-Lymphocytes drug effects, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Immunity, Cellular drug effects, Sesquiterpenes toxicity, T-2 Toxin toxicity
Abstract

The effect of subclinical levels of mycotoxin T-2 on the cells of the bovine immune system was investigated in two in vivo experiments. In experiment 1, five calves were orally dosed with 0.3 mg/kg/day of T-2 toxin for 56 days and five calves were pair fed controls. The neutrophil function as measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction was reduced in the mycotoxin treated calves. The cutaneous reaction to intradermally injected phytohemagglutinin was reduced in the T-2 toxin treated calves. B-cell (SIg+) numbers increased slightly, but T-cell (PNA+) numbers were not affected during the experimental period. In the second experiment, six calves were given 0.5 mg/kg/day T-2 toxin orally for 28 days and six calves were pair fed controls. B-cell numbers and the response of a B-cell enriched fraction to phytohemagglutinin increased after toxin administration. T-cell numbers and the response of a T-cell enriched fraction and the whole mononuclear cell population to phytohemagglutinin was reduced only on day 19 posttoxin administration. The in vitro (T-2 toxin) exposure of the mononuclear cell population, B-cell enriched, or T-cell enriched fraction reduced their lymphoblastic response to mitogens. A 50% reduction was induced by as little as 1.4 ng/mL of T-2 toxin.

Published
1984

38. Effects of T-2 mycotoxin on bovine serum proteins.

Author

Mann DD, Buening GM, Hook B, and Osweiler GD

Subjects
Animals, Cattle, Complement System Proteins metabolism, Immunoglobulins metabolism, Serum Albumin metabolism, Blood Proteins metabolism, Mycotoxins pharmacology
Abstract

Mycotoxin T-2 (0.5 mg/kg of body weight) was administered orally to mixed-breed beef calves. Serum protein fractions, immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, and several complement protein concentrations were studied in control and toxin-treated calves. Total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations all decreased in toxin-treated calves as compared with that in controls. Similarly, the concentrations of alpha-, beta 1-, and beta 2-globulin fractions were reduced in the toxin-treated calves more than those in controls. The IgG and IgM values were lower in toxin-treated calves than those in the controls. Complement proteins Bbov (of the alternate pathway) and the 3rd component of complement were lower in the toxin-treated calves. The fragment of Bbov activation, B gamma 2, was increased after toxin treatment, indicating that activation of the alternate complement pathway was responsible for at least some of the reduction of the 3rd component of complement.

Published
1983

39. Efficacy of aerosol, intranasal and intramuscular vaccination against selected bovine viral diseases.

Author

Mann DD, Buening GM, and Thorne JG

Subjects
Administration, Intranasal, Aerosols, Animals, Antibodies, Viral analysis, Cattle, Injections, Intramuscular, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine immunology, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis prevention & control, Vaccination veterinary, Viral Vaccines administration & dosage
Abstract

An experiment was designed to compare the efficacy of an IM modified live vaccine, an IN temperature-sensitive vaccine, an IN modified live vaccine, and an aerosolized modified live vaccine (two concentrations) to stimulate specific serum antibody and protect calves from a known viral challenge. All vaccines except the IM vaccine contained IBR virus and PI3 virus. The IM vaccine and the IN vaccines provided excellent protection to an IBR challenge, but both concentrations of aerosolized vaccine provided only patial protection. The use of IN modified live vaccine resulted in IBR serum Ab titers in all the test calves (100%), while the IM preparation elicited a response in only 60% of test calves and the IN temperature sensitive vaccine resulted in serum Ab titers in 40% of test calves. The aerosolized vaccine induced IBR serum antibody titers in only 20% of the calves. The use of IN modified live and the aerosolized vaccine resulted in a greater immune response to the PI3 virus (60-80% sero-conversion) than did the temperature sensitive vaccine (20% sero-conversion).

Published
1983

40. Evaluation of ketamine/xylazine anesthesia in the guinea pig: toxicological parameters.

Author

D'Alleinne CP and Mann DD

Subjects
Alanine Transaminase blood, Animals, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Creatinine blood, Lethal Dose 50, Time Factors, Anesthesia veterinary, Guinea Pigs blood, Ketamine toxicity, Thiazines toxicity, Xylazine toxicity
Abstract

The characteristics of ketamine/xylazine combinations were evaluated in guinea pigs. Particular attention was focused on the establishment of an LD50 and the development of a dose-response curve. Basic serum parameters (BUN, serum creatinine, and SGPT) were monitored for 5 days post-anesthesia. A large safety margin was indicated by an LD50 range of 361-373 mg/kg ketamine. The dose-response curve was linear between 40 and 120 mg/kg ketamine with constant 10 mg/kg xylazine. Although serum parameters were elevated 5 days postanesthesia they remained within normal limits for laboratory rodents.

Published
1982

41. The effect of T-2 toxin on the bovine immune system: cellular factors.

Author

Buening GM, Mann DD, Hook B, and Osweiler GD

Subjects
Animals, Cattle, Immunity, Cellular, Lymphocyte Activation, Lymphocytes physiology, Neutrophils physiology, Thymidine metabolism, Sesquiterpenes pharmacology, T-2 Toxin pharmacology
Abstract

The effect of T-2 toxin, a Fusarium metabolite, on the bovine cellular defense (immune) system was evaluated during high levels, chronic administration. The administration of T-2 toxin to calves at the rate of 0.6 mg/kg/day was associated with significant depression of lymphocyte responses to mitogens and significant decreases in chemotaxic migration of neutrophils.

Published
1982
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