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The cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero is one of the most serious pests of cassava worldwide, which got recently introduced into India (traced in Kerala) as a potential invasive pest. Studies were carried out to record the incidence of mealybug, P. manihoti and its natural enemies on different varieties of cassava in Namakkal dt. of Tamil Nadu during June 2020. The observations were taken in the field in situ as well in the collected mealybug infested twigs in the laboratory. Results revealed that all the three surveyed cassava varieties viz. , Mulluvadi, Thailand white and Shree Atulya were found severely infested with cassava mealybug. A huge number of coccinellid beetles were collected from the P. manihoti colonies, which were identified as Hyperaspis maindroni Sicard, 1929 (Coccinellidae:Coccinellinae:Hyperaspidini). Molecular characterization of both grub and adult beetle of H. maindroni was carried out to confirm its identity.

Introduction: This study was designed to analyse wide spectrum magnitude of extra pulmonary tuberculosis in surgical aspect with its clinico-patho-radiological profile and treatment modalities. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in postgraduate Department of Surgery in collaboration with Department of Chest and Tuberculosis,Pathology and Radio diagnosis of Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, after formal approval from institutional ethics committee. This study is of prospective study, in duration of January 2015 to April2018. Inclusion criteria: All suspected cases of extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Exclusion Criteria: (1) HIV patients (2) Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Result: A total of 59 patients with suspected EPTB were included, investigated and treated with or without surgical intervention followed by standard ATT regimes. Pathological / Microbiological: FNAC, Histopathology, AFB insputum &CBNAAT, BACTEC 460, ADA. Radiological: X–Ray chest, X-ray abdomen.Ultra-Sonography (USG), Contrast Enhanced Computer Tomography (CECT). Patients admitted in emergency department and attending surgical out patient department were investigated and treated as per protocol. In our study 39 patients out of 59 underwent different surgical procedure and followed by antitubercular treatment regime. 20 Non-operated patients treated medically with antitubercular treatment regime [ATT]. Conclusion: EPTB has same national health issue as pulmonary tuberculosis. For tuberculosis control, EPTB-A challenging disease should be early diagnosed and surgically and medically treated to decrease related morbidity and mortality.

New challenges appear with every biological invasion and presses need to probe their ecological interactions. In the comprehensive yet complicated food web associated with the niche of the recently invaded cassava mealybug (CMB) Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), there was a multitrophic interaction structured vertically as well as horizontally. Altogether 45 species: thirty four species of insects from six orders (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Neuroptera) and eleven species of spiders (Araneae) were grouped under four trophic levels into 11 guilds. The analysis of trophic guild structure and interaction indicated that many indigenous parasitoid species, which qualified to be placed under the fourth trophic level, actively parasitized the potential native predators of cassava mealybug (CMB) and thereby negatively impacted the natural biological control of CMB. Most of these resident hyperparasitoid species were recorded for the first time, to be associated directly or indirectly with CMB. The species diversity at fourth trophic level could be viewed as a bioindicator and one of the most important determinant factors on the success rate of any biological control program. No indigenous primary parasitoids were documented on CMB from any of the sites sampled. In the absence of any indigenous parasitoids and high level of parasitization of the potential CMB predators, the long-term and indirect ecosystem risks will be significant until the introduction and establishment of the proven classical biological control agent, Anagyrus lopezi (De Santis) (Encyrtidae: Hymenoptera) from other countries.

Aims and objectives Surgical site infections (SSIs) are one of the most important causes of health care-associated infections. Understanding SSI reduces the social and economic burden of a hospital and society. In this context, we evaluated the various aspects of SSI in our institution, Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital (RMCH), which is a tertiary care teaching hospital in rural Uttar Pradesh in North India. Materials and methods This prospective study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, RMCH, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. A total number of 1,498 patients admitted for surgical procedures with effect from November 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016, formed the subjects of the present study. All operated cases during the above period, including major and minor, emergency and elective, laparoscopic and open procedures were included in the present study. Data so obtained were analyzed statistically. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA criteria were used for defining the wound. Sample swabs were collected from the first dressing and up to 2 to 4 weeks postoperatively. Samples were processed for aerobic and anaerobic flora, and the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates was also performed. Results and discussion The SSI rate in the present study was 8.67%. Significantly higher incidence of SSI was detected with increasing age. The SSI rate in case of emergency surgeries was more (27.7%) as compared with routine/elective surgeries (6.3%). The higher incidence (18.75%) of SSI was detected in patients having preoperative hospital stay of more than 7 days, and the maximum incidence (15.7%) was observed in patients having longer postoperative hospital stay of more than 10 days. Dirty wounds had the highest incidence of SSI (53.45%). The incidence of SSI increased with duration of surgery, order of surgery, and with the increasing duration of postoperative drains. Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest isolate (32.30%) followed by Escherichia coli (39%). Conclusion Though the incidence of SSI in the present study was slightly low as compared with similar reports from other institutions of the country, more rational antibiotic policy and more stringent infection control measures are needed. How to cite this article Abbey RK, Mohan M, Malik N, Tiwari R, Nahar S. Surgical Site Infections in a Rural Teaching Hospital of North India. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(1):11-16.

Background: Acute abdomen has a sudden onset, can persist for several hours to days and is associated with wide variety of clinical features requiring evaluation and treatment. The present study has been done to establish the etiopathological details and diagnostic verification of the patients presenting with non-traumatic pain in abdomen. Also, the management and admitted care of non-traumatic abdominal surgical emergencies and their outcome has been discussed.Methods: A prospective observational study was done in Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital (RMCH) during November 2015 to October 2016. The study includes acute abdominal non-traumatic surgical emergencies presenting in general surgery department. All the data were analyzed through SPSS 22.Results: A total of 182 patients were included in the study. The most common complaint among patients was pain in abdomen followed by constipation and vomiting. The most common cases were intestinal perforation (57%) followed by acute appendicitis (14.89%), acute pancreatitis (9.34%), acute intestinal obstruction (9.34%) and others. Most common treatment modalities applied were Exploratory Laparotomy with true Graham’s patch repair (30.22%), non-operative/conservative treatment (26.92%) and Exploratory Laparotomy with ileostomy (13.19%). Total 13 cases (7.14%) expired (all post-operatively) and 8 cases (4.39%) developed major complications.Conclusions: The clinical course and outcome of acute abdominal emergencies in present study showed that a judicious and careful use of clinical evaluation with high index of suspicion along with radiological and biochemical findings help to reach a diagnosis based on which the appropriate management strategy ensures good outcome.