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Background: Proper feeding practices are essential for attaining and maintaining optimum nutrition, health, and development of infants and children. Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life and continued breastfeeding for two years, together with age-appropriate, nutritionally adequate complementary feeding initiated after six months of age, are optimum Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices. However, often many aspects of infant and young child feeding practices are not optimum, with serious consequences for the child. Objective: To determine the impact of Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices on the nutritional status of children. Materials and Method: This Cross-sectional descriptive type of study was conducted among 314 children from 6 months to 24 months of age at the Pediatric Outpatient Department and EPI center of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital during the period of January 2017 to December 2018. Collected data were analyzed by using 'SPSS version 16. Result: Among 314 children exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rate was 68.2% for the first six months, and timely started complementary feeding was 58.5% of cases. In 214 exclusive breastfed infants, only 4.7% and 1.4% of children were moderate to severely wasted and stunted, respectively. On the other hand, among 97 infants who were not exclusively breastfed, the percentage of moderate to severe wasting and stunting was 11.4% and 13.4%, respectively. Among the 175 timely started complementary feeding children, only 12% and 6% were moderate to severely underweight and wasted, respectively, no one was stunted, but among the inappropriately started complementary children, 20.2%, 12.5%, and 12.8% were moderately to severely underweight, wasted and stunted respectively. Conclusion: Most of the children who were given exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months and started complementary food at an appropriate time after six months had normal nutritional status. Both moderate to severe stunting and wasting were common in those children who were non-exclusively breastfed and started complementary feeding either early or late. TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 83-91

Background: Diabetes is one of the commonest and most important metabolic disorders that affect the health of pregnant women and infants. Diabetic mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders complicating pregnancy. The neonatal mortality rate is over five times that of nondiabetic mothers and is higher irrespective of birth weight and gestational age. There has been significant improvement in the outcome of diabetic pregnancies largely due to better metabolic control before and during pregnancy and vigorous neonatal care in developed countries. The management in our country still poses a major challenge. Methods: This case-control study was designed to find out the association between an infant's hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia with maternal diabetes. For the research, a total of 300 neonates were selected, where cases were selected from infants of diabetic mothers, and the control group was selected from infants of nondiabetic mothers. The mothers were interviewed by specific questionnaire, selected neonates were examined, and some biochemical tests were done to find out the outcome. Results: The study included 300 neonates of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers. The mean age of the Mothers of these neonates was 25.36 (SD±5.50) years. Among diabetic mothers 115(76%) had GDM and 36(23.8%) had PGDM. It is revealed that 83 (55%) of 150 mothers took insulin as the treatment. Hypoglycemia in neonates of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers right after birth at their first ½ hour of age 111 (37%). Hypoglycemia was found in 94 (62.3%) of infants of the diabetic mother than only 17(11.4%) in infants of the nondiabetic mother. Where the p-value is

Silver nanoparticle embedded POP was synthesized and used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of α-alkylidene cyclic carbonates and acyclic carbamates via CO2 fixation under mild conditions.

In this work, we have synthesized a covalent organic framework, TpPa-SO3H, which has shown high catalytic activity for the synthesis of hydroxy carbamates from aliphatic and aromatic amines and epoxides by fixing CO2, in a single step.

A 2D polyimide-linked covalent organic framework (COF) with band gap energy of 2.2 eV is developed as a stable and efficient porous photocatalyst which shows CO2 reduction to formic acid, formaldehyde and methanol.

Background: Arsenic is a heavy metal and it is considered carcinogenic to humans. In Bangladesh, most of the people consume arsenic polluted water above the nationally accepted level. Several studies have demonstrated that the ingestion of arsenic in drinking water is a strong risk factor for several malignancies including urothelial carcinoma. Clinicopathological features of bladder cancer are related to the amount of arsenic exposure and duration of arsenic exposure into the urinary tract and other risk factors. Aim of the study was to see the relationship between grades of bladder cancers with the level of arsenic in drinking water. Objective: To see the relationship between the grades of bladder cancer with the level of arsenic in drinking water. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study done in the department of urology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka. In this study, a total of 72 histopathologically proven urothelial bladder carcinoma and history of at least 10 year underground water consumption patients were enrolled. Among them 12 patients were excluded from the study because no arsenic was found in sample underground drinking water. So, 60 patient was participants for this study. Sample of participant’s drinking water was collected by a selective non-reactive container. The level of arsenic level in microgram/Liter was measured by standard kit method and the level of arsenic was recorded. Results: Arsenic exposure 30 years or more was regardless of the amount of arsenic consumption in drinking water was found high-grade cancer. No significant statistical difference was found in the grading of carcinoma with the level of arsenic in drinking water. Conclusion: Arsenic exposure amount is not related to the grades of bladder cancer rather the duration of arsenic exposure in drinking water is related to the grades of bladder cancer. Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(2): 141-145

Bronchiolitis is a viral infection of lower respiratory tract that occurs most commonly in young children (< 2years). It is one of the most common cause of hospitalization of infants. It has a major public health hazard throughout the world exerting significant morbidity and mortality. Methods: This randomized controlled trial study was conducted in the Department of pediatrics, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. Total 120 patients with acute bronchiolitis were selected who were less than two years of age. Two groups were randomly selected by lottery method. One group was given salbutamol along with prednisolone (Experimental group) another was only salbutamol (Placebo group) to compare the efficacy and evaluate the outcome of both treatment groups. Result: The mean age of the experimental group was7.09±4.71 months and mean age of placebo group was 5.70±4.26 months. The majority number of patients 96(80%) came from middle class family with 30(25%) houses with crowded conditions. About 16(13.3%) patients were born in preterm condition and 18(15%) were low birth weight. Among the family members 21(17.5%) had asthma and 43(35.18%) had smoking history. After treatment notable outcome clinically observed after 3 days of treatment in experimental than placebo group (p-value

PurposeThis study examines the effects of firm size on financial reporting quality (FRQ) through the mediating effects of audit committee (AC) quality and internal audit function (IAF) quality.Design/methodology/approachBased on data from a questionnaire survey and archival sources of non-financial companies listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE), the authors perform both structural equational modeling and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to test the developed hypotheses.FindingsResults show that the firm size is positively related to IAF quality. Firm size, AC quality and IAF quality are significantly associated with abnormal accruals (FRQ). Moreover, the authors find a mediation effect of the IAF quality on the relationship between firm size and FRQ, while no mediation effect is observed for AC quality. Thus, the study advocates companies focus on AC quality and IAF quality to enhance FRQ as it has a significant impact on corporate disclosure and investor decisions.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the study is restricted to the survey questions that cover particular areas of the AC and IAF. Second, the sample selection focuses on relatively big industries in terms of the number of firms and excludes small sectors.Practical implicationsThe findings provide significant implications for professionals and policymakers in making regulatory reforms and revising existing policies to improve governance monitoring performance and FRQ.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore the mediation effect of AC quality and IAF quality on firm size–FRQ nexus in a developing country.

An efficient, one-pot wet chemical synthesis strategy for the preparation of NiO nanoparticles has been reported which has acted as an efficient photocatalyst for the conversion of CO2 into formaldehyde.

We have designed a nano-sheet-like porous organic polymer (POP) constructed via a schematic hydrothermal process and characterized it using PXRD, N2 adsorption–desorption studies, UV-vis, XPS and microscopic analyses (TEM and FESEM).

This study emphasizes the utility of a Zn(ii)-functionalized COF in developing a heterogeneous recyclable catalytic system for the generation of cyclic carbonates (up to 99% yield) and cyclic carbamates (up to 94% yield) under sustainable conditions.

The review provides a concise report on various types of COFs, current trends, their application in CO2 reduction via photochemical, electrochemical and photo coupled electrochemical pathways.

The π-binding mode of Rh80O120 rather than a stronger σ-binding mode of Rh2O3 (100) surface to CC, reflects the superior catalytic activity of Rh2O3 sub-nanoparticles confined in SiO2 towards ethylenic hydroamination, in contrast to large particle.

A 2D covalent organic framework (COF) was synthesized by copolymerization between 4,4′-biphenyldicarbaldehyde and 1,3,5-tris-(4-aminophenyl) triazine (TAPT). This COF exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance for the CO2 reduction to methanol.

Global warming is a great threat to the very survival of our planet.

We have constructed a highly crystalline 2D imine-linked Co(ii)-incorporated Tp-TH COF catalyst (Co(ii)@Tp-TH) with a band gap energy of 2.4 eV to serve as a stable and effective porous photocatalyst for the synthesis of N-formylated amines.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been gaining substantial attention over the past decade due to their developing crystalline porous polymeric nature linked by strong covalent bonds and wides...

Introduction: Renal stone disease is a challenging problem in urological practice because of large stone burden and high rate of recurrence. The primary goal of surgical stone management is to achieve maximum stone clearance with minimum morbidity to the patients. There are lot of uncertainty with renal stone management, many factors impact on management course, stone up to 10 mm can be pass on their own, roughly, the chance of a stone passing spontaneously is inversely to the size in millimeters. A 1mm stone passes 90% of the time, a 5 mm stone 50% of time, a 9 mm stone 10% of the time and so on. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of stone clearance of supracostal and infracostal approaches and to identify the complications of two groups. Methods: This Quasi experimental study was carried out in the Department of Urology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh Medical College Hospital, Popular Medical College and Hospital; and Barakah Kidney Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, during the period of February 2011 to January 2013, to compare the safety and efficacy between supracostal and infracostal upper pole approaches for PCNL. Results: Stone clearance was 94.29% in group I and 85.7% in group II, which was higher in group I but not statiscally significant (P>0.05). Hundred percent stone clearances were observed in patients who had stone size upto 3 cm in group I and 88.23% in group II. In patients who had stone size >3 cm the stone clearance was 89.4 % in group I and 83.33 % group II. Complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy were found in 20.0% in group I and 22.9% in group II. Conclusion: In conclusion we can say that supracostal approach in a single session percutaneous nephrolithotomy is not safe and effective then infracostal approach.

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of olive leaves with probiotics (OLP) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, blood parameters and oxidative stability of meat in broiler. A total of 160 day old, unsexed Cobb-500 chicks were distributed in to five dietary treatment groups: Control (Basal diet), OLP-1 (Basal diet + 0.4% OLP, DM basis), OLP-2 (Basal diet + 0.8% OLP, DM basis), OLP-3 (Basal diet + 1.2% OLP, DM basis) and OLP-4 (Basal diet + 1.6% OLP, DM basis) having 4 replications with 8 birds in each in a completely randomized design. Results showed that the live weight, overall average daily gain (ADG) increased significantly (p