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[1623] Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A.Chev. Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric.Trop. 12: 276 (Chevalier 1932). — Mimusops huberi Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 14 (Ducke 1917). NOTE. — Incipiently domesticated by pre-Columbian Amerindians (Clement 1999; Levis et al. 2017). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Pa: balata-duwẽ• Nt: boyti, kayman buba boyti • Cr: balata • Fr: balata franc • Br: maçarandúba-da-terrafirme, maparajúba. HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 25 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: B. Riéra & D. Sabatier 1904. INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 76 trees in 34 plots; Fmax = 1.9 %; dbhinv = 123.3 cm., Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 690, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777, {"references":["CHEVALIER A. 1932. - Les vrais et les faux Balatas. Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquee 12 (128): 261 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / jatba. 1932.5122","CLEMENT C. R. 1999. - 1492 and the loss of Amazonian crop genetic resources. I. The relation between domestication and human population decline. Economic Botany 53: 188 - 202.","LEVIS C., COSTA F. R. C., BONGERS F., PENA- CLAROS M., CLEMENT C. R., JUNQUEIRA A. B., NEVES E. G., TAMANAHA E. K., FIGUE- IREDO F. O. G., SALOMAO R. P., CASTILHO C. V., MAGNUSSON W. E., PHILLIPS O. L., GUEVARA J. E., SABATIER D., MOLINO J. - F., LOPEZ D. C., MENDOZA A. M., PITMAN N. C. A., DUQUE A., VARGAS P. N., ZARTMAN C. E., VASQUEZ R., ANDRADE A., CAMARGO J. L., FELDPAUSCH T. R., LAURANCE S. G. W., LAUR- ANCE W. F., KILLEEN T. J., NASCIMENTO H. E. M., MONTERO J. C., MOSTACEDO B., AMARAL I. L., GUIMARAES VIEIRA I. C., BRIENEN R., CASTELLANOS H., TERBORGH J., CARIM M. DE J. V., GUIMARAES J. R. DA S., COELHO L. DE S., MATOS F. D. DE A., WITTMANN F., MOGOLLON H. F., DAMASCO G., DAVILA N., GARCIA- VILLACORTA R., CORONADO E. N. H., EMILIO T., FILHO D. DE A. L., SCHIETTI J., SOUZA P., TARGHETTA N., COMISKEY J. A., MARIMON B. S., MARIMON B. - H., NEILL D., ALONSO A., ARROYO L., CARVALHO F. A., DE SOUZA F. C., DALLMEIER F., PANSONATO M. P., DUIVENVOORDEN J. F., FINE P. V. A., STEVENSON P. R., ARAUJO- MURAKAMI A., AYMARD C. G. A., BARALOTO C., DO AMARAL D. D., ENGEL J., HENKEL T. W., MAAS P., PETRONELLI P., REVILLA J. D. C., STROPP J., DALY D., GRIBEL R., PAREDES M. R., SILVEIRA M., THOMAS- CAESAR R., BAKER T. R., DA SILVA N. F., FERREIRA L. V., PERES C. A., SIL- MAN M. R., CERON C., VALVERDE F. C., DI FIORE A., JIMENEZ E. M., MORA M. C. P., TOLEDO M., BARBOSA E. M., BONATES L. C. DE M., ARBOLEDA N. C., FARIAS E. DE S., FUENTES A., GUILLAUMET J. - L., JORGENSEN P. M., MALHI Y., DE ANDRADE MIRANDA I. P., PHILLIPS J. F., PRIETO A., RUDAS A., RUSCHEL A. R., SILVA N., VON HILDEBRAND P., VOS V. A., ZENT E. L., ZENT S., CINTRA B. B. L., NASCIMENTO M. T., OLIVEIRA A. A., RAMIREZ- ANGULO H., RAMOS J. F., RIVAS G., SCHONGART J., SIERRA R., TIRADO M., VAN DER HEIJDEN G., TORRE E. V., WANG O., YOUNG K. R., BAIDER C., CANO A., FARFAN- RIOS W., FERREIRA C., HOFFMAN B., MENDOZA C., MESONES I., TORRES- LEZAMA A., MEDINA M. N. U., VAN ANDEL T. R., VILLARROEL D., ZAGT R., ALEXIADES M. N., BALSLEV H., GARCIA- CABRERA K., GONZALES T., HERNANDEZ L., HUAMANTUPA- CHUQUIMACO I., MANZATTO A. G., MILLIKEN W., CUENCA W. P., PANSINI S., PAULETTO D., AREVALO F. R., REIS N. F. C., SAMPAIO A. F., GI- RALDO L. E. U., SANDOVAL E. H. V., GAMARRA L. V., VELA C. I. A. & TER STEEGE H. 2017. - Persistent effects of pre-Columbian plant domestication on Amazonian forest composition. Science 355 (6328): 925 - 931. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. aal 0157"]}

In face of scarcity in the supply of non-traditional Brazilian woods properly treated for use in high quality musical instruments, pieces of Amazonian wood species muiracatiara (Astronium lecointei) and macaranduba (Manilkara huberi) purchased in the common internal Brazilian timber market were examined. These species were pre-selected for use in fingerboards of acoustic and electric guitars due to similar properties with ebony (Diospyros crassiflora). Variabilities of elastic modulus parallel to grain and density were investigated inside wooden pieces. In addition, referred parameters were used in calculation of speed of sound. Statistical tests were performed in order to compare both species and revealed inequality for variances of dynamic elastic modulus (Ed) and speed of sound, but equality for density. Equality of means was also examined via unequal variance t-test. Despite color differences, lower variability of M. huberi led to the indication of this species as likely capable to substitute satisfactorily ebony in fingerboards manufacturing.

This study was conducted to establish the pattern and the spatial associations of the Amazon commercial tree groups. In a region extending across 2,000 ha in the Tapajós National Forest (FNT), Pará, a forest census was conducted. The census included commercial trees of perimeter at breast height (PBH), equal to or greater than 158 cm and the Cartesian coordinates of their bearings. Using Ripley’s K function, the spatial pattern was discerned, with 5 m radius being assumed, and maximum distances varying up to 1,500 m. Then, with 99.8% probability for both, 500 Monte Carlo simulations were performed for the univariate K function, and 500 toroidal simulations were done for the bivariate function.The commercial tree groups, which revealed an aggregated spatial pattern in a minimum of approximately 50% of the analysis distance were namely, Astronium lecointei, Bagassa guianensis, Couratari guianensis, Manilkara huberi, Mezilaurus itauba, and Vochysia maxima. In Brazil, the commercial tree groups, based on the commercialization criteria for tropical trees show random and aggregated spatial patterns with associations of spatial independence. RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o padrão espacial e a associação espacial de grupos de árvores comerciais da Amazônia.Realizou-se um censo florestal em uma área de 2.000 ha localizada na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós (FNT), Pará. No censo coletou-se a circunferência à altura do peito (CAP), igualou superior a 158 cm e as coordenadas cartesianas das árvores comerciais. Para determinar o padrão espacial foi utilizada a função K de Ripley assumindo um raio de 5 m, variando a uma distância máxima de 1.500 m. Para a função K univariada foram realizadas 500 simulações Monte Carlo e para a função bivariada foram realizadas 500 simulações toroidais, ambas com 99,8% de probabilidade. Os grupos de árvores comerciais que possuíram padrão espacial agregado em no mínimo 50% da distância de análise foram Astronium lecointei, Bagassa guianensis, Couratari guianensis, Manilkara huberi, Mezilaurus itauba, Vochysia maxima. Grupos de árvores comerciais, segundo critério de comercialização para árvores tropicais no Brasil, seguem um padrão espacial aleatório e agregado e possuem associações espaciais de independência espacial.

This work used the Growth-Oriented Logging model to determine species-specific forest management criteria according to the growth model. The objective of this work was to define specific forest management criteria for the species Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev., using a Dendrochronology study by high frequency densitometry. The study was carried out in a forest management area, in Central Amazonia. The studied species forms annual growth rings depending on the seasonal rainfall. The annual growth rings were defined by high frequency densitometry, measuring the density variations in the wood, from the marrow to the bark. With the time series of the annual growth ring thickness obtained, it was possible to determine the forest management criteria for the studied species. The minimum logging diameter (MLD) obtained was approximately 63.4 cm, and its cutting cycles were estimated at 47 years, with an age of 297 ± 13.8 years. The estimated volume, equivalent to MLD, is 6.97 m3. With the study of Dendrochronology, it was possible to define the criteria for the specific forest management of the studied species, making it possible to apply this technique to tropical species with the same characteristics.

Forest harvest residues are usable; however, studies on their quality are incipient. Thus, our study sought to perform physico-mechanical characterization of wood from the branches of Astronium lecointei and Manilkara huberi, as well as to compare its properties with trunk material found in the literature. The material was collected in the Tapajos National Forest (Flona - Tapajos) and cut for the trials performed at the Universidade Federal do Oeste do Para (Ufopa). Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis and the averages were compared with values found in the literature for the trunk of the studied species and other commercial wood of the region. The physical properties of Astronium lecointei and Manilkara huberi showed approximate averages to those of trunk, while the mechanical properties presented lower averages. Therefore, regarding the mechanical properties, the residues may be substituents for the trunks of other species for having similar properties.

Stem conicity and the sawing pattern, besides the presence of hollows and sapwood, are among the principal factors that are responsible for the low yield of lumber from harvested wood in the Amazon. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze of logs and stem conicity, and its effect on yield of sawn wood from the species Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos, Lecythis lurida (Miers) S. A. Mori, Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Chevalier, Astronium lecointei Ducke and Couratari sp., which are currently the most important commercial species in the study area. The data used were obtained from six production units in the Tapajós National Forest, Pará. The variables analyzed were conicity (obtained as a function of the difference between diameters at the base and top) between logs, DBH classes (diameter at breast height) and species, as well as yield (estimated using the Software MaxiTora) between logs and species. The majority of the species showed differences in conicity between logs, with the first log being the most conic, which was directly reflected by the lower yield for this log. There was a tendency of increase in conicity in the larger DBH classes, and differences in conicity and yield between species. The estimated yields were superior to the percent yields observed for Amazonian species in studies done using samples with similar characteristics. Therefore, it was concluded that conicity can vary between species, logs, and DBH classes, and is a characteristic that directly effects the yield of lumber. Furthermore, the incorporation of cutting templates represents an alternative for maximizing lumber yield.

In wood structures, the elements subjected to bending stresses, such as the beams, present a fracture initiated in the tensile region, and under these conditions, the use of laminated composite materials is presented as an alternative solution in the form of repair or reinforcement. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of the use of carbon fibers laminated composites in tensile reinforcement in the direction parallel to grain of Pinus elliotti and Manilkara huberi wood species. The Viapol two-component epoxy adhesive was used in the lamination and fixation of the unidirectional carbon fiber in the wood species. Ten specimens with no defects (reference) and 10 specimens were prepared for each crack length (25 and 50mm) with and without the reinforcement (60mm × 50mm) by the laminated composite. The tensile tests were performed in accordance with the requirements of the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 7190 (1997). From the results of the statistical analysis, the use of the carbon fiber composite was able to restore the tensile strength of the cracked samples (partial or total) in relation to samples without defects, demonstrating the potential of the laminates in carbon fibers as an alternative solution in repair for both wood species.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a estrutura diamétrica e espacial das espécies Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. e Dinizia excelsa Ducke. A distribuição diamétrica foi determinada conforme a metodologia de Sturges. O modelo de Meyer foi ajustado para estimar o número de indivíduos por classe de diâmetro. O padrão de distribuição espacial foi estimado por meio do índice de Morisita. Foram encontrados 1.372 indivíduos de M. huberi, onde os dados de sua estrutura diamétrica foram divididas em 11 classes com intervalo de 6,58 cm. Em relação à espécie D. excelsa, foram encontrados 100 indivíduos e seus dados geraram 7 classes diamétricas com 12 cm de intervalo. A distribuição diamétrica dos indivíduos de M. huberi seguiu a distribuição em “J-invertido”, que é típica das florestas naturais inequiâneas, com um quociente “q” estimado de 1,39. Já os indivíduos da espécie D. excelsa apresentaram-se desbalanceados em todos os centros de classes, não seguindo a tendência de “J-invertido”, e um quociente “q” estimado de 1,22. Quanto à distribuição espacial, observou-se por meio do índice de Morisita que ambas as espécies seguem uma distribuição agrupada em que os indivíduos localizam-se próxima à planta mãe, portanto, as populações tendem a ser agrupadas. As espécies possuem distribuição espacial agregado, subsidiando a exploração das árvores com aptidão ao manejo, observando possíveis ressalvas para a espécie M. huberi.Palavras-chave: quociente De Liocourt; índice de Morisita; floresta ombrófila. POPULATION STRUCTURE OF Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. AND Dinizia excelsa Ducke IN AN UPLAND FOREST IN AMAPA ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to analyze the diametric and spatial structure of the Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. and Dinizia excelsa Ducke species. The diameters distribution was determined according to the Sturges methodology. The Meyer model was adjusted to estimate the number of individuals per diameter class. The spatial distribution pattern was estimated using the Morisita index. We found 1,372 individuals of M. huberi, where the data of their diametric structure were divided into 11 classes with an interval of 6.58 cm. In relation to specie D. excelsa, we found 100 individuals and their data generated 7 diameter classes with 12 cm interval. The diameter distribution of M. huberi individuals followed the J-inverted distribution, which is typical of uneven-aged natural forest, with an estimated "q" quotient of 1.39. On the other hand, the individuals of the D. excelsa species showed unbalanced in all class centers, not following the J-inverted distribution and estimated “q” quotient of 1.22. As for the spatial distribution, it was observed through the Morisita index that both species follow a grouped distribution in which the individuals are located close to the mother plant, therefore, the populations tend to be grouped. The species have an aggregate spatial distribution, subsidizing the exploitation of trees with aptitude for management, observing possible caveats for M. huberi specie.Keywords: De Liocourt quotient; Morisita index; ombrophylous forest.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento das espécies através do índice de valor de importância, verificamos as mudanças ocorridas na diversidade de árvores comerciais ao longo do tempo. A variedade de espécies foi determinada pelo Índice de Valor de Importância (IVI) e depois classificada em grupos de uso. Sapotaceae foi a família mais abundante em todo o estudo apresentando o maior volume e área basal. Pouteria spp., Goupia glabra e Manilkara huberi podem ser selecionadas para uma nova colheita devido a recuperação na taxa de crescimento. Atualmente, podem ser utilizadas para uma segunda colheita florestal 16 espécies comerciais somadas a mais 52 novas espécies. Devendo haver estudos de novas espécies para compor a exploração florestal levando em consideração a quantidade de indivíduos remanescentes, sua distribuição na área e a dominância dessa espécie em relação aos outros indivíduos.

A demanda por sementes florestais nativas vem crescendo, devido a produção de mudas que visam recuperar áreas abandonadas, degradadas e de reflorestamento, tornando-se imprescindível conhecer o comportamento dessas sementes quanto a tolerância à dessecação e armazenamento, visando sua conservação. O objetivo do trabalho foi classificar as sementes de Manilkara huberi quanto à tolerância à dessecação e ao comportamento no armazenamento. Após o beneficiamento das sementes, foram determinados os teores de água das sementes recém-beneficiadas e submetidas ao processo de secagem, seguidos pelos testes de germinação. De acordo com os resultados, conclui-se que as sementes de M. huberi são classificadas como recalcitrantes, por não tolerarem o processo de secagem e o armazenamento em baixas temperaturas. A espécie M. huberi pertence ao grupo de espécies clímax. Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-13T18:14:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2949Textodoartigo1320811020190225.pdf: 467118 bytes, checksum: 5eb41cb8e890a2089f5731d7dc044e55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The conservation of tropical forests is recognized as one of the most important challenges for forestry, ecology and politics. Besides strict protection, the sustainable management of natural forests should be enhanced as a key part of the foundation for the maintenance of tropical rain forest ecosystems. Due to methodological reasons it has been complicated to attain reliable growth data to plan sustainable felling cycles and rotation periods. Tree ring analyses enable the estimation of growth rates over the entire life span of trees and their age as well as giving hints from forest dynamics in previous centuries. For tree ring analysis, stem disk samples were taken from three important commercial tree species (Cariniana micrantha, Caryocar villosum and Manilkara huberi) in the upland (terra firme) forests of the Precious Woods Amazon logging company near Itacoatiara, Brazil. Based on radiocarbon estimates of individual growth zones, the annual nature of tree rings was proven for the three species. Tree rings were measured and the results used together with height estimates to model diameter, height and volume growth. The age of the eldest tree, a C. micrantha, was 585 yrs with 165 cm in diameter. The species’ diameter increments range from 0.20±0.12 cm yr-1 to 0.29±0.08 cm yr-1. At first sight, this is considerably lower than increments reported from other Amazonian or African timber species. Considering the respective wood density there is no significant difference in growth performance of dominant timber species across continents. The interpretation of lifetime tree ring curves indicate differences in shadow tolerance among species, the persistence of individuals in the understory for up to 150 years and natural stand dynamics without major disturbances. Management criteria should be adapted for the measured growth rates as they differed considerably from the Brazilian standards fixed by laws (felling cycle of 25–35 years and a common minimum logging diameter of 50 cm). Felling cycles should be increased to 32–51 years and minimum logging diameters to 63–123 cm depending on the species. © 2019 Worbes, Schöngart. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o intuito de ajustar e selecionar modelos estatísticos para estimativa de rendimento volumétrico de madeira serrada das espécies Dinizia excelsa Ducke e Manilkara huberi Ducke. Para isto, foram coletadas como principais variáveis: o volume da tora, volume de madeira serrada, diâmetro menor da tora e comprimento da tora. Estes dados são provenientes de uma serraria localizada no município de Porto Grande no Estado do Amapá. O rendimento volumétrico foi obtido a partir da razão entre o volume de madeira serrada e o volume da tora, sendo utilizado como input da variável resposta. Juntamente com as demais variáveis, com exceção do volume de madeira serrada, foram empregadas como input de variáveis explicativas no ajuste de 11 modelos estatísticos. A qualidade dos ajustes foram verificadas por meio do coeficiente de determinação ajustado, erro padrão residual, valor de F e distribuição residual. Em síntese, as estatísticas obtidas pela equação R = 1,11423-1,21120*V+0,40166*V2-0,0368*V3 e R = -6,6100+6,0380V-1,3760*V2+1,1960*V3-0,3393*V4 para as espécies maçaranduba e angelim-vermelho, respectivamente, sugerem que a maior precisão das estimativas de rendimento são obtidas quando se utiliza a variável volume da tora em diferentes potências. O erro padrão residual obtidos indicam que estas equações apresentaram o menor viés, a qual justifica suas escolhas.Palavras-chave: Amazônia, regressão linear, processamento de toras, volume de toras. MODELING OF THE WOOD YIELD SAWED FOR COMMERCIAL SPECIES IN SAWMILLS OF STATE OF AMAPÁ ABSTRACT:The present work was developed with the purpose of adjust and selecting statistical models for estimating the volumetric yield of sawn timber of the species Dinizia excelsa Ducke and Manilkara huberi Ducke. For this, were collected as main variables: the log volume, volume of sawd wood, small diameter of log and length of log. These data come from a sawmill located in the city of Porto Grande in the State of Amapá. The volumetric yield was obtained from the ratio between the volume of sawd wood and the log volume, being used as input of the response variable. Together with the other variables, with the exception of volume of sawd wood, they were used as input of explanatory variables in the adjustments of 11 statistical models. The quality of the adjustments were verified by the coefficient of determination, residual standard error, F value and residual distribution. In summary, the statistics obtained by equations R = 1,11423-1,21120*V+0,40166*V2-0,0368*V3 and R = -6,6100+6,0380V-1,3760*V2+1,1960*V3-0,3393*V4 for the Maçaranduba and Angelim-vermelho species, respectively, suggest that the highest accuracy of yield estimates is obtained when using the variable volume of log in different potencies. The residual standard errors obtained indicate that these equations presented the least bias, which justifies their choices.Keywords: Amazonia, linear regression, log processing, log volume. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05nespa23

This study aims to identify the remnant tree flora in six forest fragments in the metropolitan area of Belém and to analyze these fragments in terms of biological conservation, species richness and diversity in the local urban landscape. The fragments and their respective sampling areas were as follows: Amafrutas reserve (15 ha), Trambioca Is. reserve (2 ha), Bosque Rodrigues Alves city park (15 ha), Combu Is. reserve (10 ha), Gunma Park reserve (10 ha) and Mocambo reserve (5 ha). Inventories were built from lineal plots of 250 m² and included trees with DBH equal to or greater than 10 cm at a height of 1.3 m above ground. Sixty-nine families and 759 species, of which eight were officially listed as endangered (Brazilian National Flora: Ministry of Environment, Normative Instruction of September, 2008; Pará State Flora: Decree Nº. 802 of February 2008) were recorded. These endangered species are: Aspidosperma desmanthum Benth. ex Müll. Arg. (Apocynaceae), Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae), Eschweilera piresii S.A Mori (Lecythidaceae), Euxylophora paraensis Huber (Rutaceae), Hymenolobium excelsum Ducke (Leguminosae), Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Chevalier (Sapotaceae), Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standl. (Bignoniaceae), Mezilaurus itauba (Meisn.) Taub. ex Mez (Lauraceae) and Qualea coerulea Aubl. (Vochysiaceae). Emergency actions such as implementing management plans for already existing Conservation Units, the creation of new such units in areas of primary forest fragments (as in the case of the Amafrutas reserve), as well as the intensification of actions of surveillance and monitoring, should be undertaken by Federal, State, and Municipal environmental agencies so as to ensure the conservation of these last primary forest remnants in the metropolitan area of Belém.

The heartwood and sapwood characteristics of 11 Amazonian trees were investigated. Whereas 7 of the specimens had densities greater than 0.7 g/cm3, the heartwood density of ipe amarelo (Tabebuia serratifolia), macaranduba (Manilkara huberi), cumaru-ferro (Dipteryx odorata), and guarita (Astronium lecointei) exceeded 1.0 g/cm3. Jatoba contained small amounts of Klason lignin and α-cellulose, and large amounts of holocellulose and alkali extract, suggesting that it has a high polysaccharide content that can be dissolved in an alkaline medium. The difference in the syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratios of the samples before and after alkali extraction suggests that alkali extracts contain syringyl-type polyphenols. In all of the samples, the heart-wood methanol extracts were larger in volume than the sapwood methanol extracts, and the sapwood alkali extracts were larger in volume than the heartwood alkali extracts. The antioxidant activities of the methanol and alkali extracts were assayed by measuring the levels of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and super oxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, respectively. The heart-wood methanol extract of jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril) exhibited the highest level of activity (EC50 = 44 mg/l), which exceeded that of α-tocopherol (EC50 = 48 mg/l), and the heartwood alkali extracts of jatoba and ipe amarelo had high SOD-like activity comparable with red wine.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-10T03:52:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 Genetic Structure Mating System and Long-Distance Gene Flow....pdf: 192228 bytes, checksum: 78f554358505c319f6574a9501eeba6e (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 2f32edb9c19a57e928372a33fd08dba5 (MD5) license_text: 24372 bytes, checksum: 94b0a37ff5ec51de8c55507bff4a7ff9 (MD5) license_rdf: 24623 bytes, checksum: 378d22d8fe50e084ee2f354be78cbe62 (MD5) license.txt: 1887 bytes, checksum: 445d1980f282ec865917de35a4c622f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 In this work, we report on the population genetic structure of the endangered tree species Manilkara huberi, an Amazonian tree species intensely exploited due to the high density and resistance of its wood. We investigated the patterns of spatial distribution, genetic structure, and mating system using 7 icrosatellite loci and here discuss the consequences for conservation and management of the species. To examine the population genetic structure, 481 adult trees and 810 seedlings were sampled from an area of 200 ha from a natural population in FLONA Tapajo´s, PA, Brazil. We found relatively high and consistent inbreeding levels (intrapopulation fixation index [f] 0.175 and 0.240) and a significant spatial genetic structure up to a radius of approximately 300 m, most likely due to a limited seed and pollen flow. The multilocus (tm) population outcrossing rate was high (0.995), suggesting that the species is predominantly allogamous with a pollen flow restricted to 47 m. These results suggest that M. huberi is spatially structured, consistent with a model of isolation by distance. Fragmentation may therefore cause the loss of subpopulations, suggesting that management programs for production and conservation should include large areas. The genetic data also revealed that for ex situ conservation, seeds should be collected from more than 175 maternal trees, in order to keep an effective population size of 500. Furthermore, as the species is widely distributed across the Amazon Forest, samples should include several populations in order to represent the highest genetic diversity possible. These results provide a blueprint to guide the production and conservation management policies of this valuable timber species. Sim Publicado

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:40:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-11-01 Species showing mast seeding synchronously produce large amounts of fruits during some scattered years. This massive crop has been hypothesized to improve dispersal effectiveness by a satiation of seed predators, but the consequences for seed dispersers have barely been studied in the tropics. We tested the hypothesis that masting resulted in satiation of frugivorous dispersers using the study case of two Manilkara species growing in an Amazonian forest in French Guiana. Seed dispersal was estimated by means of seed traps in two forest types during a 10-y monitoring. Manilkara huberi and M. bidentata showed three fruiting events in a time span of 10 y (in 2001, 2006 and 2010). Estimates of seed dispersal from 2001 and 2010 showed that satiation of frugivores only occurred in the year with the largest crop of Manilkara (2010) and in the habitat where the diversity of primate-dispersed species retrieved in seed traps was the highest (Grand Plateau, with clay soils), while fruit consumers did not seem to be satiated in other instances. Spatio-temporal variability of seed production and the community-crop context are therefore affecting satiation of frugivores during masting events. CNRS-MNHN Museúm National d'Histoire Naturelle Département d'Écologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, 1 Av. du Petit Château Departamento de Botânica Plant Phenology and Seed Dispersal Research Group Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24-A CNRS Guyane USR 3456, 2 rue Gustave Charlery Departamento de Botânica Plant Phenology and Seed Dispersal Research Group Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24-A

Este trabalho objetivou identificar a regeneração natural na fitofisionomia ombrófila densa da Floresta Estadual do Amapá, descrevendo as relações entre estratos verticais. A área de estudo está localizada no Município de Porto Grande, AP, Amazônia oriental. Foram implantados três conglomerados, equidistantes 2.500 m, para a estimativa da regeneração natural. Foram utilizadas 100 subparcelas de 10 x 10 m para o estudo das arvoretas (5,0 < dap (diâmetro a 1,30 m do solo) < 10,0 cm) e varas (5 x 5 m) (2,5 < dap < 5,0 cm) por conglomerado. Coletaram-se as alturas e nomes populares. As alturas foram divididas em três classes de regeneração, para a estimativa dos parâmetros fitossociológicos de frequência e densidade, bem como da regeneração por classe de tamanho e total. A diversidade foi estimada pelo Índice de Shannon. Também, analisou-se a similaridade florística entre as varas e arvoretas por conglomerado. O inventário contemplou 2.700 indivíduos, pertencentes a 38 famílias botânicas, 93 gêneros e 141 espécies arbóreas, com seis indeterminadas. O índice de Shannon foi de 4,21 (arvoretas) e 4,11 nats.ind.-1 (varas). Foi constatada a ocorrência de 33 espécies comuns nas três classes de regeneração. A regeneração natural total apresentou variações de 10,3 a 0,1% (varas) e 5,6 a 0,1% (arvoretas). As espécies com menores percentuais foram as Indeterminadas, Vouacapoua americana, Carapa guianensis, Virola calophylla e Manilkara huberi. Logo, fica evidente que as espécies estão desenvolvendo seu processo sucessional de forma eficiente, garantindo a conservação da fitofisionomia da região. This study aimed to identify natural regeneration in dense ombrophilous phytophysiognomy of the State Forest of Amapá, describing relations between vertical stratums. The study area is located in Porto Grande/AP, eastern Amazon. Three conglomerates were implanted, equidistant at 2.500 m, for natural regeneration estimative. We used 100 plots of 10 x 10 m for study of saplings (5.0 < DBH (diameter at 1.30 m soil) < 10.0 cm) and sticks (5 x 5 m) (2.5 < DBH

Investigations were carried out on the efficacy of extracts from seven Amazonian woods (Bagassa guianensis, Manilkara huberi, Sextonia rubra, Vouacapoua americana, Andira surinamensis, Handroanthus serratifolius, and Qualea rosea) with varying natural durability to reduce soft-rot degradation in a 6-wk soil-bed test. Six of the wood extracts had shown efficacy against soft-rot fungi. In particular, the preservation efficacies of B. guianensis, H. serratifolius, and S. rubra extracts were highly significant up to retention levels of 23, 25, and 12 kg m−3, respectively. Three extracts (A. surinamensis, H. serratifolius, and Q. rosea) were then tested against Gloeophyllum trabeum (brown rot) and Trametes versicolor (white rot), in an agar-block test. H. serratifolius wood extract was very efficient at protecting P. sylvestris samples at 5.1 kg m−3 against the brown rot. This extract could be used as a basis for new wood protectant formulations.

O conhecimento do comportamento ecológico de espécies arbóreas de florestas tropicais contribui para a eficiência e aumento da qualidade do manejo florestal. Desse modo, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento de métodos práticos e eficientes para a classificação ecológica de diferentes espécies de árvores, que possam ser utilizados em levantamentos de curto prazo. Este trabalho analisou o comportamento ecológico quanto ao gradiente de tolerância à sombra, usando o método de Dawkins de classificação da posição e forma da copa, e relacionando esses dados com a fase de desenvolvimento do indivíduo, estimada através da medição do diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP). O estudo foi realizado na área de manejo da empresa Precious Woods Pará (Portel, PA, Brasil), em oito parcelas permanentes de 0,5 ha. Cinco espécies, com diferentes exigências de radiação solar direta, foram analisadas: matamatá-preto (Eschweilera blanchetiana [O. Berg] Miers, Lecythidaceae), maçaranduba (Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Chevalier, Sapotaceae), acapu (Vouacapoua americana Aubl., Fabaceae), andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl., Meliaceae) e taxi-preto (Tachigalia myrmecophyla (Ducke) Ducke, Fabaceae). Os resultados encontrados, exceto para maçaranduba, corroboram as informações ecológicas disponíveis na literatura sobre essas espécies, apontando a eficiência do método para essa finalidade. Palavras-chave: Ecologia florestal; monitoramento florestal; manejo florestal; Amazônia. Abstract The Dawkins’ crown classification as an indicator of the ecological behavior of tropical tree species. The knowledge about ecological behavior of tree species in tropical forests contributes for the efficiency and quality improvement of forest management. Thus, it makes necessary the development of practical and efficient methods for the ecological classification of different tree species, which can be used in short term surveys. This paper analyzed the ecological behavior as regards to the gradient of shade tolerance, using the Dawkins classification method for crown position and form, and relating these data with the individual developmental phase, which was estimated by the diameter breast height (DBH) measurement. The study was carried out in the management area of Precious Woods Pará company (Portel, PA, Brazil) in eight permanent sample plots of 0.5ha. Five species having different demand for direct solar radiation were analyzed: matamatá preto (Eschweilera blanchetiana [O. Berg] Miers, Lecythidaceae); maçaranduba (Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Chevalier, Sapotaceae); acapú (Vouacapoua americana Aubl., Fabaceae); andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl., Meliaceae); and taxi-preto (Tachigalia myrmecophyla (Ducke) Ducke, Fabaceae). The founded results, excepted for maçaranduba, corroborate the available ecological information about these species in literature, which indicates the method efficiency for this purpose. Keywords: Forest ecology; forest monitoring; forest management; Amazon.

Termites are well known for their ability to damage wood and various types of wood-derived products. This study was performed in the municipality of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating the susceptibility of the wood of five different forest species to the activity of the Asian subterranean termite, Coptotermes gestroi. Wood stakes from the following forest species were used as specimens: pine (Pinus sp., Pinaceae), Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa, Lecythidaceae), cabbage angelin (Andira inermis, Leguminosae-Papilionoideae), maçaranduba (Manilkara huberi, Sapotaceae) and pink ipê (Tabebuia avellanedae, Bignoniaceae). The stakes, with dimensions of 2 cm x 2 cm x 16 cm, were subjected to the activity of C. gestroi from September 2, 2006 to June 2, 2007. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with four replications in an 11 x 5 x 3 factorial arrangement. Twelve stakes of each of the five forest species were installed at each of eleven sites, totaling 660 stakes. Three evaluations were performed, at 90, 180 and 270 days after stake installation. The results indicated that the pine, Brazil nut and cabbage angelin stakes were more susceptible to C. gestroi attack, while the pink ipê and maçaranduba stakes suffered no significant damage from this termite. There was a significant negative correlation between the wood consumption rate and the wood density of the species studied. The woods most susceptible to C. gestroi attack presented moderate to low densities and therefore less resistance, as in the case of pine and cabbage angelin. Os térmitas são bem conhecidos por sua capacidade de danificar madeira e vários tipos de produtos derivados. O estudo foi realizado no município de Seropédica, RJ, com o objetivo de avaliar a susceptibilidade da madeira de cinco essências florestais à ação do cupim subterrâneo asiático, Coptotermes gestroi. Como corpos-de-prova foram utilizados estacas de madeiras das seguintes essências florestais: pinho (Pinus sp.) (Pinaceae), castanheira (Bertholletia excelsa) (Lecythidaceae), angelim (Andira inermis) (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae), maçaranduba (Manilkara huberi) (Sapotaceae) e ipê (Tabebuia avellanedae) (Bignoniaceae). As estacas, com dimensões de 02 cm x 02 cm x 16 cm, foram submetidas à ação de C. gestroi, no período de 02 de setembro de 2006 a 02 de junho de 2007. O delineamento do experimento foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições em arranjo fatorial 11x5x3, composto por 11 locais, cada um incluindo as cinco espécies florestais, totalizando 660 estacas e as avaliações efetuadas aos 90, 180 e 270 dias após a instalação das estacas. Os resultados indicaram que as estacas de pinho, castanheira e angelim são mais susceptíveis ao ataque de C. gestroi, enquanto que as estacas de ipê e maçaranduba não sofreram danos significativos por esse térmita. Houve correlação significativa e negativa entre as taxas de consumo de madeira e a densidade da madeira das essências estudadas. As madeiras mais susceptíveis ao ataque de C. gestroi apresentaram densidades moderadas a leves, portanto, menos densas e menos resistentes, como o pinho e a castanheira.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2019-09-30T14:42:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Jose Hildefonso de Souza.pdf: 1022085 bytes, checksum: 82a1fb960ccb71f85b652003f4717acf (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-30T14:42:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Jose Hildefonso de Souza.pdf: 1022085 bytes, checksum: 82a1fb960ccb71f85b652003f4717acf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-25 Termites are well-known for their capacity to damage and destroy wood and wood products of all kinds. However, physical and/or chemical properties of the wood of different forest species result in variability in wood characteristics, which will ultimately cause variability in wood resistance to termites. In this context, the objective of this present work was evaluated the wood susceptibility of five forest species: pinus (Pinus spp., Pinaceae) as exotic species, castanheira (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K., Lecythidaceae), angelim (Andira inermis (Sw.), Leguminosae-Papilionoideae), ma?aranduba (Manilkara huberi (Ducke), Sapotaceae] and ip? (Tapebuia avellanedae Lor. Ex Griseb, Bignoniaceae) as native Brazilian species, under field condition to action of the subterranean termites. Wooden stakes of theses forest species were made with dimension of 16 cm long by 2 cm of width and 2 cm of thickness, and were installed on 11 sites, which were localized in the campus of Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) and the residential area of Ecologia district in the municipality of Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from September 2nd, 2006 to June 7th, 2007. The experiment was set up in randomized complete-block design with 11x5x3 factorial arrangement (11 sites of stake installation, five forest species and three field exposition times: 90, 180 and 270 days after installation), with four replicates, totalizing 660 stakes. The results obtained showed that the wooden stakes of the five forest species evaluated were infested by Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). It was observed that the feeding behavior of C. gestroi was influenced by wood density, which was direct and inversely related with the wood consumption by this termite. The wood of pinus and castanheira show low and intermediary values of density, being considerate soft and moderated hard wood, then less dense and were more susceptible to attack of C. gestroi in relation to the wood of angelim, ip? and ma?aranduba, which did not have significant damages caused by C. gestroi up to 270 days of field exposition. T?rmitas s?o bem conhecidos por sua capacidade de danificar e destruir madeira e v?rios produtos derivados. Todavia, propriedades f?sicas e/ou qu?micas da madeira de diferentes esp?cies florestais resultam em caracter?sticas vari?veis entre madeiras, as quais, por sua vez, causaram variabilidade na resist?ncia da madeira aos t?rmitas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a susceptibilidade da madeira de cinco ess?ncias florestais: pinus (Pinus spp., Pinaceae) como esp?cie ex?tica, castanheira (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K., Lecythidaceae), angelim (Andira inermis (Sw.), Leguminosae-Papilionoideae), ma?aranduba (Manilkara huberi (Ducke), Sapotaceae] e ip? (Tapebuia avellanedae Lor. Ex Griseb, Bignoniaceae) como esp?cies nativas brasileiras, em condi??es de campo a a??o de t?rmitas subterr?neos . Estacas de madeira dessas ess?ncias florestais foram confeccionadas com dimens?es de 16 cm de comprimento por 2 cm de largura e 2 cm de espessura, sendo instaladas em 11 locais, distribu?dos no campus da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) e ?rea residencial do bairro Ecologia, no munic?pio de Serop?dica, RJ, durante o per?odo de 02 de setembro de 2006 a 02 de junho de 2007. O desenho experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 11x5x3 (11 locais de instala??o das estacas, cinco esp?cies florestais e tr?s ?pocas de exposi??o a campo: 90, 180 e 270 dias ap?s a instala??o), com quatro repeti??es, totalizando 660 estacas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as estacas de madeira das cinco esp?cies florestais avaliadas foram infestadas por Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Constatou-se que o comportamento alimentar do C. gestroi foi influenciado pela densidade da madeira, a qual foi diretamente e inversamente relacionada com o consumo de madeira por esse t?rmita. A madeira de pinus e de castanheira apresentaram valores de densidade baixo a intermedi?rio, sendo consideradas madeiras leve a moderadamente pesada; portanto, menos densas e foram mais suscept?veis ao ataque do C. gestroi em compara??o a madeira de angelim, ip? e ma?aranduba, que n?o sofreram danos significativos causados por C. gestroi at? 270 dias de exposi??o a campo.

• The objective of this work is the molecular characterization of most common identified morphotypes of critically endangered rare Moroccan species Argania spinosa. • Eighteen RAPD markers and twenty SSR markers have been assayed in 38 argan tree accessions from the three most commonly identified morphotypes: oval, spherical and spindle fruit types. • A total of 140 polymorphic RAPD bands were detected out of 146 bands. The number of presumed alleles revealed by the SSR analysis ranged from 1 to 5 alleles per locus with a total number of 32 alleles identified. Results demonstrated an extensive genetic variability within the tested argan accessions. RAPDs presented a high level of polymorphism and greater information content than SSRs. • Our results could indicate that Vitellaria paradoxa is genetically closer to argan than Manilkara huberi. In addition, the correlation between the clustering based on RAPD and SSR markers were in general low. The observed clustering could be better explained according to geographic proximity than morphotype. For this reason the traditional morphological characterization of the argan accessions in morphotypes (according to fruit phenotype) seem not to be in correlation to the real genetic background (genotype) of this specie. The implications of these results in the creation of effective germplasm core collection in argan have been also discussed.

RESUMO Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar o processo de fotodecomposição da madeira de cinco espécies tropicais e analisar o efeito de proteção de dois produtos de acabamento de madeiras quando submetidos ao intemperismo artificial. Foram empregadas as madeiras de ipê-roxo (Tabebuia impeginosa), itaúba (Mezilaurus itauba), maçaranduba (Manilkara huberi), tatajuba (Bagassa guianensis) e tauari (Couratari sp.). Amostras destas madeiras foram submetidas a ciclos de radiação ultravioleta (UV) e água até perfazer um total de 2.000 horas de irradiação e 400 horas de lixiviação em água. A mudança da cor natural das madeiras, indicativo do processo de fotodegradação, e o grau de proteção de um verniz poliuretânico transparente e de um “stain” semitransparente foram monitorados por espectrocolorimetria. As espécies mais resistentes foram o ipê-roxo e tauari, seguidas pela maçaranduba, itaúba e tatajuba respectivamente. O verniz forneceu proteção por tempo maior ao ipê-roxo e à maçaranduba, enquanto o “stain” foi mais eficiente para a itaúba e tatajuba. Ambos os produtos tiveram desempenho similar para a madeira de tauari. ABSTRACT This work aimed at evaluating the photodecomposition process of five tropical wood species and the protection effect of two wood finishing products under artificial weathering. Woods of Tabebuia impeginosa, Mezilaurus itauba, Manilkara huberi, Bagassa guianensis and Couratari sp. were employed. Samples were submitted to cycles of 2,000 hours of ultraviolet radiation (UV) and 400 hours of water leaching. Changes in the natural color of wood, indicative of the photodegradation process, and the protection degree of a transparent poliuretanic varnish and a semitransparent stain were monitored by spectrocolorimetry. The most resistant wood species were Tabebuia impetiginosa and Couratari sp. followed by Manilkara huberi, Mezilaurus itauba and Bagassa guianensis, respectively. The varnish protected Tabebuia impetiginosa and Manilkara huberi for a long period, while the stain seemed to be more efficient for Mezilaurus itauba and Bagassa guianensis. Both products presented similar performance for Couratari sp.

Seed removal by rodents was investigated for Manilkara huberi and Chrysophyllum lucentifolium in a French Guianan forest. According to the escape hypothesis, seed survival was expected to be greater in populations of low conspecific adult density, while on the contrary, under the satiation hypothesis, it was expected to be greater in populations of high density. The two plots under study showed opposite densities for the two studied tree species. Therefore, according to both hypotheses, seed survival at each plot was expected to be opposite between species. To assess seed fate, seeds were thread-marked in order to relocate them after removal and to determine whether they were consumed or scatterhoarded by rodents. Contrary to what was expected, our results showed that both M. huberi and C. lucentifoliumhad better survival in the same plot. This suggests that seed fate for both study species was not influenced by the density of conspecific adult trees, but was rather affected by other habitat characteristics, likely the global resource abundance. Variation in seed predation rates of both species seemed largely related to their respective fruiting period, while scatterhoarding rate seemed more affected by intrinsic seed characteristics.

Nasutitermes corniger shows preferential feeding for the wood of different tree species, but it is not known whether attractiveness is a function of the state of decay. This study examined the foraging behavior of N. corniger towards wood in different stages of decay. Wood was exposed to weather for durations of 0, 3, 6 or 9 months. Then the wood was placed in a standard foraging arena with termites. Exploration and recruitment behavior were recorded for 1 h. Separate bioassays were conducted for three species: Pinus elliottii, Eucalyptus grandis and Manilkara huberi. In the tests with P. elliottii and E. grandis, more individuals were recruited to wood decayed for 6 months (191 and 185, respectively) than to undecayed wood (12 and 69, respectively). Similarly, more individuals were recruited to decayed M. huberi wood than undecayed, but only after 9 months (249 and 7, respectively). Decayed wood has therefore been demonstrated to be more attractive to N. corniger than undecayed wood. The different decomposition rates necessary to increase attractiveness may be explained by differences in wood density.

The effects of silvicultural treatments and logging on the growth rates of Manilkara huberi and Manilkara paraensis in a terra firme natural forest were evaluated. The study was performed in a Forest Management Unit (FMU) located in the municipality of Paragominas, PA. The experimental area covered 500 ha, where five treatments (100 ha each), with four replications per treatment (25 ha each), were established. The replications were randomly distributed in the 500 ha sample area of the FMU. The growth rate of trees was evaluated in the following treatments: T1 – Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) + classic liberation thinning and climber cutting; T2 – RIL + modified liberation thinning and climber cutting; T3 – RIL + climber cutting; T6 - only RIL; T7 - unlogged forest (control). Manilkara huberi and Manilkara paraensis showed good responses on diameter growth rate to the post-harvesting silvicultural treatments applied. However, considering the growth rate differences between the evaluated periods, one can say that the short time elapsed from the application of silvicultural treatments (four years) to the end of the study period does not allow to make accurate statements about the most appropriate treatment for the species, or about the intensity of the interventions to be applied. Keywords : Diameter increment; post-harvesting silviculture; tree girdling; climber cutting. Resumo Crescimento de Manilkara huberi e Manilkara paraensis apos a colheita de madeira e tratamentos silviculturais, paragominas, Para, Brasil. Foram avaliados os efeitos de tratamentos silviculturais e da colheita de madeira sobre o crescimento diametrico das especies Manilkara huberi e Manilkara paraensis em uma floresta natural de terra firme. A pesquisa foi conduzida em uma Unidade de Manejo Florestal (UMF), municipio de Paragominas, PA. A area experimental correspondeu a 500 ha, onde foram estabelecidos cinco tratamentos (100 ha cada) com quatro repeticoes (25 ha cada). As repeticoes foram distribuidas aleatoriamente na amostra de 500 ha na UMF. O crescimento das arvores foi avaliado nos seguintes tratamentos: T1 – exploracao de impacto reduzido (EIR) + desbaste de liberacao classico e corte de cipos; T2 – EIR + desbaste de liberacao modificado e corte de cipos; T3 – EIR + corte de cipos; T6 – apenas EIR; T7 - floresta nao-explorada. Manilkara huberi e Manilkara paraensis mostraram respostas favoraveis, em termos de crescimento em diâmetro, as intervencoes silviculturais pos-exploratorias aplicadas. Contudo, considerando as diferencas no incremento das arvores entre os periodos avaliados, pode-se dizer que o curto espaco de tempo decorrido da aplicacao dos tratamentos silviculturais (quatro anos) ainda nao permite fazer projecoes precisas acerca do tratamento mais adequado as especies, ou mesmo, da intensidade das intervencoes a serem aplicadas. Palavras-chave : Incremento diametrico; silvicultura pos-colheita; anelagem de arvores, corte de cipos.

800x600 Avaliou-se o efeito da exploracao de madeira, realizada em 1997, na estrutura e dinâmica de algumas especies de Sapotaceae em uma Floresta Ombrofila Densa, no municipio de Moju, Para (02o12’26”S e 48o48’14”W). De uma area de floresta de 1.050 ha, foram selecionados 200 hapara exploracao seletiva de intensidade de 23 m 3 .ha -1 . Nessa area, foram alocadas 22 parcelas permanentes de 0,5 ha, totalizando 11 ha amostrais, onde foram medidas todas as arvores com DAP ≥10 cm, nos anos de 1995 (antes da exploracao), 1998 e 2010 (apos exploracao). Os parâmetros avaliados foram densidade (Da) e area basal (m 2 .ha -1 ). No periodo de 1995 a 2010, Sapotaceae apresentou uma reducao significativa de 7,7% na densidade (p = 0,0147) e aumento na dominância em 1,4% (p = 0,7851). Nesse mesmo periodo, observou-se reducao da densidade e dominância para Pouteria laurifolia (Gomes) Radlk. (66,7 e 50,6%), Pouteria macrocarpa (Mart.) D. Dietr. (25 e 29,4%), Micropholis acutangula (Ducke) Eyma (20 e 11%), Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. (16,4 e 17,7%) e Manilkara paraensis (Huber) Standl. (12,5 e 31,4%). A especie com maior valor comercial, M. huberi , nao mostrou recuperacao nesse parâmetro, porem houve ingresso de tres novas especies na populacao de Sapotaceae estudada. Abstract Effect of reduced impact logging in some sapotaceae species in the eastern amazon . Effect of logging, held in 1997, on structure and dynamics of some Sapotaceae species were evaluated in a dense tropical rain forest located in the municipality of Moju, Para (02o 12’ 26” S e 48o 48’ 14” W). Two hundred ha out of 1,050 ha forest area were selectively logged for timber (23 m 3 ha -1 logging intensity) in 1997.Twenty-two 0.5 ha permanent sample plots (11 ha sample) were established and all trees with dbh ≥ 10 cm were identified and measured for dbh in 1995 (before logging), 1998 and 2010 (after logging). Parameters evaluated were Density (De) and Basal area (G-m 2 ha -1 ). Sapotaceae presented a significant reduction of 7.7% on tree density (p=0.0147), and an dominance increase of 1.4% (p=0.7851). In the same period, decreases in density and basal area were observed to Pouteria laurifolia (Gomes) Radlk. (66.7 and 50.6%), Pouteria macrocarpa (Mart.) D. Dietr. (25 and 29.4%), Micropholis acutangula (Ducke) Eyma (20 and 11%), Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. (16.4 and 17.7%) and Manilkara paraensis (Huber) Standl. (12.5 and 31.4%). The main commercial species M. Huberi did not recover its original density. On the other hand, three new species of the family were recorded in the focused period. Keywords : Forest management; Pouteria ; Manilkara ; Amazonian Forest. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}

Com o objetivo de atender a demanda de informações acerca de relações quantitativas para a Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, Estado do Pará, selecionaram-se equações de volume para andiroba (Carapa guianensis), abiurana (diversos gêneros), jutaí-açu (Hymenaea courbaril), jarana (Holopyxidium jarana), ucuubada- terra-firme (Virola sp), taxi-vermelho (Sclerolobium chrysophyllum), maçaranduba (Manilkara huberi), além de equações abrangentes, para qualquer espécie. Testaram-se 16 equações, nove das quais considerando o volume como uma função do diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) e sete como uma função do DAP e da altura comercial. A escolha das melhores equações foi feita com base no coeficiente de determinação e no índice de Furnival. Dentre as equações de uma entrada, a equação de Husch, In V = b0 + b1 In d, ajustou-se melhor aos dados de quase todas as espécies, com exceção de jarana e taxi-vermelho, cujas equações foram, respectivamente, In V = b0 + b1d + b2d2 e In V = b0 + b1 In d + b2d. Com relação às equações de duas entradas, a equação de Schumacher-Hall, In V = b0 + b1 In d + b2 In h, ajustou-se melhor aos dados de todas as espécies, com exceção de taxi-vermelho, cuja equação foi In V = b0+b1 In (d2h). As equações de duas entradas foram mais precisas que as de uma entrada. Os coeficientes de variação situaram-se entre 4% e 10% no primeiro caso e entre 4% e 18% no segundo caso. Made available in DSpace on 2021-04-14T14:35:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Equacoes-de-volume-para.pdf: 3002623 bytes, checksum: fa05479d420190aa2dbd7311ebd0f7c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1984

SUMMARY General observations were made on the durability of wood ties used in the old Tocantins railroad. Nine different timbers were identified, with Itauba (Mezilaurus itauba) showing the greatest durability. Other species that also showed high durability were Acapu (Vouacapoua americana), Macaranduba (Manilkara huberi), Sucupira da-terra-firme (Bowdickia nitida) and Mata-matá (Eschweilera sp.).