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Author(s): Kanchi Rama [1]; Aparna R Bitla [1]; Narendra Hulikal [2]; Mutheeswaraiah Yootla [3]; Lakshmi Amancharla Yadagiri [4]; T Asha [5]; M Manickavasagam [6]; PVLN Srinivasa Rao (corresponding author) [1] [...], Background: Current markers (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA] and carbohydrate antigen 15-3 [CA15-3]) lack sensitivity in diagnosis of breast cancer. The aberrantly expressed circulating miRNAs were shown as diagnostic markers in breast cancer. However, there are very few studies from the Indian population. We studied the diagnostic utility of miRNA-21, miRNA-155 and miRNA-205 compared to CEA and CA15-3 in stage I and II breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Sixty newly diagnosed women with stage I/II breast cancer and 20 healthy controls were recruited. Expression of circulating miRNAs was studied using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, whereas CEA and CA 15-3 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 were upregulated, miRNA-205 down-regulated (P < 0.05) and serum CEA and CA15-3 levels increased in breast cancer patients (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed significant area under curve (AUC) for all markers (0.656 to 0.993; P = 0.015 to Conclusion: Our study shows miRNA-21 and miRNA-205, are useful as diagnostic markers for breast cancer in the Indian population and combination of these miRNAs with CEA but not with CA 15-3 improved their diagnostic performance. Keywords: Breast cancer, diagnostic markers, India, miRNAs, tumor markers

Background: Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Expression of miRNAs has been shown to be dysregulated in patients with breast cancer. These markers have been shown to be potential markers of diagnostic significance. We intended to study the usefulness of miRNA-155 and miRNA-205 in monitoring response to surgery by monitoring their pre- and post-operative expression. Methods: Twenty patients newly diagnosed with malignant breast disease along with 20 age-matched females not having any breast lesion were included in the study. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the expression of circulating miRNAs. Results: MiRNA-155 was found to be significantly upregulated and miRNA-205 was significantly downregulated in patients with breast cancer compared to controls. There was no change in expression of miRNA-155 and miRNA-205 following surgery. Conclusions: The findings of the present study do not support the role of miRNA-155 and miRNA-205 as markers suitable for follow-up. However, the findings of the present study need to be confirmed in a larger sample size and samples collected over a defined post-operative period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mobile phone technology is an evolving trend in the medical field for rendering health-related care services to the needy. Chemotherapy is one of the cancer treatments which leads to certain side effects. These side effects can be managed well with the help of mobile phones, which became an essential thing in our life in recent decades. Aim: To identify the efficacy of using mobile phone technology for managing side effects associated with chemotherapy and improves quality of life. Materials and Methods: A systematic review will be conducted on randomised control trials and non-randomised control trials. In this review, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) will be followed and a literature search will be conducted in PubMed-Medline, CINHAL Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct, Ovid, J-Gate, and Trip databases. The literature search for this systematic review will be done on studies published between 2007 and 2019. The quality of the study will be assessed by the JBI clinical appraisal checklist for RCTs and Non-RCTs. Studies will be included based on predetermined inclusive criteria like studies published in the English language, with keywords like cancer patients, smartphone/android applications, chemotherapy, quality of life. Results: A descriptive synthesis of the findings of the selected studies will be carried out which will be presented in a narrative summary with statistical findings incorporated. Conclusion: This review will provide up-to-date evidence to support or oppose the hypothesis that mobile phone technology plays an effective role in managing side effects associated with chemotherapy and improve the quality of life of cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a singular perturbation based technique is used for synthesis and analysis of a near optimal midcourse guidance law for realistic air-to-air engagement. After designing the proposed midcourse guidance law using three dimensional point mass formulation it has been validated through detailed realistic six degrees of freedom simulation. During terminal phase only proportional navigation guidance have been used. The calculation of optimal altitude in present guidance law has been carried out using Newton's method, which needs generally one iteration for convergence and suitable for real-time implementation. Extended Kalman filter based estimator has been used for obtaining evader kinetic information from both radar and seeker noisy measurements available during midcourse and terminal guidance. The data link look angle constraint due to hardware limitation which affects the performance of midcourse guidance has also been incorporated in guidance law design. Robustness of complete simulation has been carried out through Monte Carlo studies. Extension of launch boundary due to singular perturbation over proportional navigation guidance at a given altitude for a typical engagement has also been reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new nonlinear optimal and explicit guidance law is presented in this paper for launch vehicles propelled by solid motors. It can ensure very high terminal precision despite not having the exact knowledge of the thrust–time curve apriori. This was motivated from using it for a carrier launch vehicle in a hypersonic mission, which demands an extremely narrow terminal accuracy window for the launch vehicle for successful initiation of operation of the hypersonic vehicle. The proposed explicit guidance scheme, which computes the optimal guidance command online, ensures the required stringent final conditions with high precision at the injection point. A key feature of the proposed guidance law is an innovative extension of the recently developed model predictive static programming guidance withflexible final time. A penalty function approach is also followed to meet the input and output inequality constraints throughout the vehicle trajectory. In this paper, the guidance law has been successfully validated fromnonlinear six degree-of-freedom simulationstudies by designing an inner-loop autopilot as well, which enhances confidence of its usefulness significantly. In addition to excellent nominal results, the proposed guidance has been found to have good robustness for perturbed cases as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The singular value decomposition (SVD) plays a very important role in the field of image processing for applications such as feature extraction, image compression, etc. The main objective is to enhance the resolution of the image based on Singular Value Decomposition. The original image and the subsequent sub-pixel shifted image, subjected to image registration is transferred to SVD domain. An enhanced method of choosing the singular values from the SVD domain images to reconstruct a high resolution image using fusion techniques is proposesed. This technique is called as enhanced SVD based fusion. Significant improvement in the performance is observed by applying enhanced SVD method preceding the various interpolation methods which are incorporated. The technique has high advantage and computationally fast which is most needed for satellite imaging, high definition television broadcasting, medical imaging diagnosis, military surveillance, remote sensing etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]