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2. Evaluation of Integrated Pest and Disease Management Combinations against Major Insect Pests and Diseases of Tomato in Tamil Nadu, India

Author

Sankaran Pagalahalli Shanmugam, Marimuthu Murugan, Mookiah Shanthi, Thiyagarajan Elaiyabharathi, Kathithachalam Angappan, Gandhi Karthikeyan, Gopal Arulkumar, Palanisamy Manjari, Manickam Ravishankar, Paola Sotelo-Cardona, Ricardo Oliva, and Ramasamy Srinivasan

Subjects
grafted tomato, microbial pesticides, botanicals, pheromone traps, IPDM, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Tomatoes are one of the predominant vegetable crops grown throughout the year in Tamil Nadu, India. Their perishable nature and resource-intensive cultivation make them susceptible to biotic stress. The damage caused by invasive insect pests, bacterial wilt during the rainy season, and viral diseases are major yield-limiting factors, and the farmers mostly depend on calendar-based insecticide applications for insect pest and disease management in tomatoes. The desired tomato hybrids grafted onto bacterial wilt-resistant eggplant rootstocks offer protection against bacterial wilt during the rainy season. The integrated pest and disease management (IPDM) practices consist of resistant grafted tomato seedlings (wild eggplant rootstocks EG 203 and TS 03), bioinoculants (Bacillus subtilis + Trichoderma asperellum + Purpureocillium lilacinum), pheromone traps (Phthorimaea absoluta and Helicoverpa armigera), botanicals (azadirachtin), microbial pesticides (Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Beauveria bassiana), and bio-rationals, which were evaluated in four locations in two major tomato-growing tracts of Tamil Nadu. The results revealed that the treatment EG 203 eggplant rootstock-grafted tomato along with IPDM practices performed better across all experimental locations than the other treatment combinations viz., TS 03 eggplant rootstock-grafted tomato + IPDM, tomato + IPDM, grafted tomato + farmers’ practice and tomato + farmers’ practice. The EG 203-grafted tomato recorded a higher yield than the farmers’ practice with significantly superior biometric parameters. The treatment of EG 203-grafted tomato and IPDM practices can be adopted for safer tomato production by enabling a reduction in pesticide applications while enhancing productivity.

Published
2024
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8. Integrated Pest Management Strategies for Tomato Under Protected Structures

Author

Srinivasan Ramasamy and Manickam Ravishankar

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Integrated pest management, Thrips, biology, Growing season, Pesticide, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Toxicology, 010602 entomology, Biopesticide, Agronomy, PEST analysis, Natural enemies, Productivity, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Although tomato is an important vegetable in many countries, its production may not be highly profitable to growers because of market gluts during the main growing season. Tomato produced in the off-season usually receives higher prices in the market. With protective structures such as net houses and polyhouses, growers can produce tomatoes during the off-season. These structures, if carefully constructed and maintained, increase productivity and returns per unit area, and keep pests away. However, structural flaws and improper management can result in pest damage levels inside protective structures similar to, or greater than, what is found in open field production. Armyworms, aphids, whiteflies, thrips, leafminers, spider mites, and root-knot nematodes are the major pests of tomato under protective structures. Because growers rely heavily on chemical pesticides to combat these pests, alternative integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are warranted. IPM component technologies such as cultural practices, colored sticky traps, sex pheromone traps, biopesticides, and natural enemies are highly effective in reducing the damage caused by pests. The bioecology and damage potential of major pests of tomato, and the most effective IPM technologies in managing these pests under protective structures are discussed in this chapter.

Published
2018

9. List of Contributors

Author

Sharon A. Andreason, Donatella Battaglia, Michael Braverman, Gerald E. Brust, Keith Dorschner, Paolo Fanti, Amanda Fialho, Greg Fonsah, Fernando Garcia-del-Pino, Tetsuo Gotoh, Marshall W. Johnson, George Kennedy, Thomas P. Kuhar, Daniel Kunkel, Henok Kurabchew, Sriyanka Lahiri, Germano Leão Demolin Leite, Norman C. Leppla, T.X. Liu, Joyce L. Merritt, Ana Morton, Steve Olson, David Orr, Thomas M. Perring, Christopher R. Philips, Sean M. Prager, Mirza A. Qayyum, Manchikatla V. Rajam, Srinivasan Ramasamy, Manickam Ravishankar, David Riley, John Scott, David Shapiro-Ilan, Alvin M. Simmons, Hugh A. Smith, Alton Sparks Jr., Rajagopalbab Srinivasan, Philip A. Stansly, Michael J. Stout, Irene Toma, John T. Trumble, Waqas Wakil, James F. Walgenbach, Linda L. Walling, Sneha Yogindran, and Frank G. Zalom

Published
2017

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